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Angelou C, Patallo IS, Doherty D, Romano F, Schettino G. A review of diamond dosimeters in advanced radiotherapy techniques. Med Phys 2024. [PMID: 39221583 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article synthesizes key findings from studies on the use of diamond dosimeters in advanced radiotherapy techniques, showcasing their applications, challenges, and contributions to enhancing dosimetric accuracy. The article explores various dosimeters, highlighting synthetic diamond dosimeters as potential candidates especially due to their high spatial resolution and negligible ion recombination effect. The clinically validated commercial dosimeter, PTW microDiamond (mD), faces limitations in small fields, proton and hadron therapy and ultra-high dose per pulse (UHDPP) conditions. Variability in reported values for field sizes < $<$ 2 × $\times$ 2cm 2 ${\rm cm}^2$ is noted, reflecting the competition between volume averaging and density perturbation effects. PTW's introduction of flashDiamond (fD) holds promise for dosimetric measurements in UHDPP conditions and is reliable for commissioning ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron beam systems, pending the clinical validation of the device. Other advancements in diamond detectors, such as in 3D configurations and real-time dose per pulse x-ray detectors, are considered valuable in overcoming challenges posed by modern radiotherapy techniques, alongside relative dosimetry and pre-treatment verifications. The studies discussed collectively provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of diamond dosimetry in the field of radiotherapy, and offer insights into future directions for research and development in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Angelou
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Radiotherapy and Radiation Dosimetry, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK
| | | | - Daniel Doherty
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Francesco Romano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schettino
- Radiotherapy and Radiation Dosimetry, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK
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2
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Chattaraj A, Mishra S, Selvam TP. Monte Carlo-based Investigation of Absorbed-dose Energy Dependence of Thermoluminescent Dosimeters in Therapeutic Proton and Carbon Ion Beams. J Med Phys 2024; 49:148-154. [PMID: 39131434 PMCID: PMC11309140 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_25_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The present study is aimed at calculating relative absorbed-dose energy response correction (R) of commonly used thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) such as LiF, Li2B4O7, and Al2O3 as a function of depth in water for protons (50-250 MeV/n) and carbon ion (80-480 MeV/n) beams using Monte Carlo-based FLUKA code. Materials and Methods On-axis depth-dose profiles in water are calculated for protons (50-250 MeV/n) and carbon ion (80-480 MeV/n) beams using FLUKA code. For the calculation of R, selective depths are chosen based on the depth-dose profiles. In the simulations, the TLDs of dimensions 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm are positioned at the flat, dose gradient, and Bragg peak regions of the depth-dose profile. Absorbed dose to detector was calculated within the TLD material. In the second step, TLD voxels were replaced by water voxel of similar dimension and absorbed dose to water was scored. Results The study reveals that for both proton and carbon ion beams, the value of R differs from unity significantly at the Bragg peak position and is close to unity at the flat region for the investigated TLDs. The calculated R value is sensitive to depth in water, beam energy, type of ion beam, and type of TLD. Discussion For accurate dosimetry of protons and carbon ion beams using TLDs, the response of the TLD should be corrected to account for its absorbed-dose energy dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Chattaraj
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhalaxmi Mishra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T. Palani Selvam
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Oonsiri S, Kingkaew S, Vimolnoch M, Chatchumnan N, Oonsiri P. Dosimetric Characteristics of Radiophotoluminescent Glass Dosimeters for Proton Beams. J Med Phys 2023; 48:238-242. [PMID: 37969142 PMCID: PMC10642601 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_71_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters (RGDs) for pencil beam scanning proton therapy. The RGD's end-to-end testing of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans was also evaluated. Materials and Methods The dosimetric characteristics of the GD-302M type glass dosimeter were studied in terms of uniformity, short-term and long-term reproducibility, stability of the magazine position readout, dose linearity in the range from 0.2 to 20 Gy, energy response in 70-220 MeV, and fading effect. The reference conditions of the spot scanning beam from the Varian ProBeam Compact system were operation at 160 MeV, a 2 cm water-equivalent depth in a solid water phantom, a 10 cm × 10 cm field size at the isocenter, and 2 Gy dose delivery. End-to-end testing of IMPT plans for the head, abdomen, and pelvis was verified using the Alderson Rando phantom. The overall uncertainty analysis was confirmed in this study. Results The relative response of RGDs for the uniformity test was within 0.95-1.05. The percentages of the coefficients of variation for short-term and long-term reproducibility were 1.16% and 1.50%, respectively. The dose ACE glass dosimetry reader FGD-1000 showed a stable magazine position readout. The dose was found to be linear with R2 = 0.9988. The energy response relative to 160 MeV was approximately within 4.0%. The fading effect was within 2.4%. For the end-to-end test, the difference between the treatment plan and RGD measurement was within 1.0%. The overall uncertainty of the RGD measurement for the proton beam was 4.6%, which covered all energy ranges in this study. Conclusion The experimental study indicates that the RGDs have the potential to be used in the dosimetry of therapeutic proton beams, including end-to-end dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sornjarod Oonsiri
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakda Kingkaew
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mananchaya Vimolnoch
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nichakan Chatchumnan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puntiwa Oonsiri
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Prezado Y, Hirayama R, Matsufuji N, Inaniwa T, Martínez-Rovira I, Seksek O, Bertho A, Koike S, Labiod D, Pouzoulet F, Polledo L, Warfving N, Liens A, Bergs J, Shimokawa T. A Potential Renewed Use of Very Heavy Ions for Therapy: Neon Minibeam Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061356. [PMID: 33802835 PMCID: PMC8002595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The treatment of hypoxic tumours continues to be one of the main challenges for radiation therapy. Minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT) shows a highly promising reduction of to-xicity in normal tissue, so that very heavy ions, such as Neon (Ne) or Argon (Ar), with extremely high LET, might become applicable to clinical situations. The high LET in the target would be unrivalled to overcome hypoxia, while MBRT might limit the side effects normally preventing the use of those heavy ions in a conventional radiotherapeutic setting. The work reported in this manuscript is the first experimental proof of the remarkable reduction of normal tissue (skin) toxicities after Ne MBRT irradiations as compared to conventional Ne irradiations. This result might allow for a renewed use of very heavy ions for cancer therapy. Abstract (1) Background: among all types of radiation, very heavy ions, such as Neon (Ne) or Argon (Ar), are the optimum candidates for hypoxic tumor treatments due to their reduced oxygen enhancement effect. However, their pioneering clinical use in the 1970s was halted due to severe side effects. The aim of this work was to provide a first proof that the combination of very heavy ions with minibeam radiation therapy leads to a minimization of toxicities and, thus, opening the door for a renewed use of heavy ions for therapy; (2) Methods: mouse legs were irradiated with either Ne MBRT or Ne broad beams at the same average dose. Skin toxicity was scored for a period of four weeks. Histopathology evaluations were carried out at the end of the study; (3) Results: a significant difference in toxicity was observed between the two irradiated groups. While severe da-mage, including necrosis, was observed in the broad beam group, only light to mild erythema was present in the MBRT group; (4) Conclusion: Ne MBRT is significantly better tolerated than conventional broad beam irradiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Prezado
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryochi Hirayama
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (R.H.); (N.M.); (T.I.); (S.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Naruhiro Matsufuji
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (R.H.); (N.M.); (T.I.); (S.K.); (T.S.)
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Taku Inaniwa
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (R.H.); (N.M.); (T.I.); (S.K.); (T.S.)
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Immaculada Martínez-Rovira
- Ionizing Radiation Research Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
| | - Olivier Seksek
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Paris, IJCLab, Pole Santé, 91405 Orsay, France;
| | - Annaïg Bertho
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Sachiko Koike
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (R.H.); (N.M.); (T.I.); (S.K.); (T.S.)
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Dalila Labiod
- Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (D.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Frederic Pouzoulet
- Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (D.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Laura Polledo
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (L.P.); (N.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Nils Warfving
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (L.P.); (N.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Aléthéa Liens
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (L.P.); (N.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Judith Bergs
- Department of Radiology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (R.H.); (N.M.); (T.I.); (S.K.); (T.S.)
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Yasui K, Omachi C, Nagata J, Toshito T, Shimizu H, Aoyama T, Hayashi N. Dosimetric response of a glass dosimeter in proton beams: LET-dependence and correction factor. Phys Med 2021; 81:147-154. [PMID: 33461027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RGD) is widely used in postal audit system for photon beams in Japan. However, proton dosimetry in RGDs is scarcely used owing to a lack of clarity in their response to beam quality. In this study, we investigated RGD response to beam quality for establishing a suitable linear energy transfer (LET)-corrected dosimetry protocol in a therapeutic proton beam. The RGD response was compared with ionization chamber measurement for a 100-225 MeV passive proton beam. LET of the measurement points was calculated by the Monte Carlo method. An LET-correction factor, defined as a ratio between the non-corrected RGD dose and ionization chamber dose, of 1.226×(LET)-0.171 was derived for the RGD response. The magnitude of the LET-dependence of RGD increased with LET; for an LET of 8.2 keV/μm, the RGD under-response was up to 16%. The coefficient of determination, mean difference ± SD of non-corrected RGD dose, residual range-corrected RGD dose, and LET-corrected RGD dose to the ionization chamber are 0.923, 3.7 ± 4.2%, -2.4 ± 7.5%, and 0.04 ± 2.1%, respectively. The LET-corrected RGD dose was within 5% of the corresponding ionization chamber dose at all energies until 200 MeV, where it was 5.3% lower than the ionization chamber dose. A corrected LET-dependence of RGD using a correction factor based on a power function of LET and precise dosimetric verification close to the maximum LET were realized here. We further confirmed establishment of an accurate postal audit under various irradiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yasui
- Fujita Health University, Faculty of Radiological Technology, School of Health Sciences, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Omachi
- Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Japan
| | - Junya Nagata
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Toshito
- Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Shimizu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Takahiro Aoyama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Fujita Health University, Faculty of Radiological Technology, School of Health Sciences, Japan
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6
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Rosenfeld AB, Biasi G, Petasecca M, Lerch MLF, Villani G, Feygelman V. Semiconductor dosimetry in modern external-beam radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:16TR01. [PMID: 32604077 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aba163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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7
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Magrin G, Verona C, Ciocca M, Marinelli M, Mastella E, Stock M, Verona‐Rinati G. Microdosimetric characterization of clinical carbon‐ion beams using synthetic diamond detectors and spectral conversion methods. Med Phys 2019; 47:713-721. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Magrin
- EBG MedAustron Marie Curie‐Strasse 5 A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Claudio Verona
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma 00133Italy
| | - Mario Ciocca
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica Strada Campeggi 53 Pavia 27100Italy
| | - Marco Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma 00133Italy
| | - Edoardo Mastella
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica Strada Campeggi 53 Pavia 27100Italy
| | - Marcus Stock
- EBG MedAustron Marie Curie‐Strasse 5 A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Gianluca Verona‐Rinati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma 00133Italy
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Biglin ER, Price GJ, Chadwick AL, Aitkenhead AH, Williams KJ, Kirkby KJ. Preclinical dosimetry: exploring the use of small animal phantoms. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:134. [PMID: 31366364 PMCID: PMC6670203 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical radiotherapy studies using small animals are an indispensable step in the pathway from in vitro experiments to clinical implementation. As radiotherapy techniques advance in the clinic, it is important that preclinical models evolve to keep in line with these developments. The use of orthotopic tumour sites, the development of tissue-equivalent mice phantoms and the recent introduction of image-guided small animal radiation research platforms has enabled similar precision treatments to be delivered in the laboratory. These technological developments, however, are hindered by a lack of corresponding dosimetry standards and poor reporting of methodologies. Without robust and well documented preclinical radiotherapy quality assurance processes, it is not possible to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of dose measurements between laboratories. As a consequence current RT-based preclinical models are at risk of becoming irrelevant. In this review we explore current standardization initiatives, focusing in particular on recent developments in small animal irradiation equipment, 3D printing technology to create customisable tissue-equivalent dosimetry phantoms and combining these phantoms with commonly used detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Biglin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Gareth J Price
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Amy L Chadwick
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam H Aitkenhead
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen J Kirkby
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Ciocca M, Magro G, Mastella E, Mairani A, Mirandola A, Molinelli S, Russo S, Vai A, Fiore MR, Mosci C, Valvo F, Via R, Baroni G, Orecchia R. Design and commissioning of the non-dedicated scanning proton beamline for ocular treatment at the synchrotron-based CNAO facility. Med Phys 2019; 46:1852-1862. [PMID: 30659616 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Only few centers worldwide treat intraocular tumors with proton therapy, all of them with a dedicated beamline, except in one case in the USA. The Italian National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO) is a synchrotron-based hadrontherapy facility equipped with fixed beamlines and pencil beam scanning modality. Recently, a general-purpose horizontal proton beamline was adapted to treat also ocular diseases. In this work, the conceptual design and main dosimetric properties of this new proton eyeline are presented. METHODS A 28 mm thick water-equivalent range shifter (RS) was placed along the proton beamline to shift the minimum beam penetration at shallower depths. FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to optimize the position of the RS and patient-specific collimator, in order to achieve sharp lateral dose gradients. Lateral dose profiles were then measured with radiochromic EBT3 films to evaluate the dose uniformity and lateral penumbra width at several depths. Different beam scanning patterns were tested. Discrete energy levels with 1 mm water-equivalent step within the whole ocular energy range (62.7-89.8 MeV) were used, while fine adjustment of beam range was achieved using thin polymethylmethacrylate additional sheets. Depth-dose distributions (DDDs) were measured with the Peakfinder system. Monoenergetic beam weights to achieve flat spread-out Bragg Peaks (SOBPs) were numerically determined. Absorbed dose to water under reference conditions was measured with an Advanced Markus chamber, following International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Report Series (TRS)-398 Code of Practice. Neutron dose at the contralateral eye was evaluated with passive bubble dosimeters. RESULTS Monte Carlo simulations and experimental results confirmed that maximizing the air gap between RS and aperture reduces the lateral dose penumbra width of the collimated beam and increases the field transversal dose homogeneity. Therefore, RS and brass collimator were placed at about 98 cm (upstream of the beam monitors) and 7 cm from the isocenter, respectively. The lateral 80%-20% penumbra at middle-SOBP ranged between 1.4 and 1.7 mm depending on field size, while 90%-10% distal fall-off of the DDDs ranged between 1.0 and 1.5 mm, as a function of range. Such values are comparable to those reported for most existing eye-dedicated facilities. Measured SOBP doses were in very good agreement with MC simulations. Mean neutron dose at the contralateral eye was 68 μSv/Gy. Beam delivery time, for 60 Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) prescription dose in four fractions, was around 3 min per session. CONCLUSIONS Our adapted scanning proton beamline satisfied the requirements for intraocular tumor treatment. The first ocular treatment was delivered in August 2016 and more than 100 patients successfully completed their treatment in these 2 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ciocca
- Fondazione CNAO, strada Campeggi 53, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Magro
- Fondazione CNAO, strada Campeggi 53, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Mairani
- Fondazione CNAO, strada Campeggi 53, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Russo
- Fondazione CNAO, strada Campeggi 53, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vai
- Fondazione CNAO, strada Campeggi 53, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Mosci
- Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, via Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Via
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Baroni
- Fondazione CNAO, strada Campeggi 53, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Fondazione CNAO, strada Campeggi 53, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, via Ripamonti 435, 20100, Milano, Italy
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10
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Giordanengo S, Palmans H. Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications. Med Phys 2018; 45:e1051-e1072. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Giordanengo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Section of Torino Via Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Hugo Palmans
- National Physical Laboratory Medical Radiation Science Hampton Road Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW UK
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie‐Curiestraße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
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