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Verona C, Barna S, Georg D, Hamad Y, Magrin G, Marinelli M, Meouchi C, Verona Rinati G. Diamond based integrated detection system for dosimetric and microdosimetric characterization of radiotherapy ion beams. Med Phys 2024; 51:533-544. [PMID: 37656015 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion beam therapy allows for a substantial sparing of normal tissues and higher biological efficacy. Synthetic single crystal diamond is a very good material to produce high-spatial-resolution and highly radiation hard detectors for both dosimetry and microdosimetry in ion beam therapy. PURPOSE The aim of this work is the design, fabrication and test of an integrated waterproof detector based on synthetic single crystal diamond able to simultaneously perform dosimetric and microdosimetric characterization of clinical ion beams. METHODS The active elements of the integrated diamond device, that is, dosimeter and microdosimeter, were both realized in a Schottky diode configuration featured by different area, thickness, and shape by means of photolithography technologies for the selective growth of intrinsic and boron-doped CVD diamond. The cross-section of the sensitive volume of the dosimetric element is 4 mm2 and 1 μm-thick, while the microdosimetric one has an active cross-sectional area of 100 × 100 μm2 and a thickness of about 6.2 μm. The dosimetric and microdosimetric performance of the developed device was assessed at different depths in a water phantom at the MedAustron ion beam therapy facility using a monoenergetic uniformly scanned carbon ion beam of 284.7 MeV/u and proton beam of 148.7 MeV. The particle flux in the region of the microdosimeter was 6·107 cm2 /s for both irradiation fields. At each depth, dose and dose distributions in lineal energy were measured simultaneously and the dose mean lineal energy values were then calculated. Monte Carlo simulations were also carried out by using the GATE-Geant4 code to evaluate the relative dose, dose averaged linear energy transfer (LETd ), and microdosimetric spectra at various depths in water for the radiation fields used, by considering the contribution from the secondary particles generated in the ion interaction processes as well. RESULTS Dosimetric and microdosimetric quantities were measured by the developed prototype with relatively low noise (∼2 keV/μm). A good agreement between the measured and simulated dose profiles was found, with discrepancies in the peak to plateau ratio of about 3% and 4% for proton and carbon ion beams respectively, showing a negligible LET dependence of the dosimetric element of the device. The microdosimetric spectra were validated with Monte Carlo simulations and a good agreement between the spectra shapes and positions was found. Dose mean lineal energy values were found to be in close agreement with those reported in the literature for clinical ion beams, showing a sharp increase along the Bragg curve, being also consistent with the calculated LETd for all depths within the experimental error of 10%. CONCLUSIONS The experimental indicate that the proposed device can allow enhanced dosimetry in particle therapy centers, where the absorbed dose measurement is implemented by the microdosimetric characterization of the radiation field, thus providing complementary results. In addition, the proposed device allows for the reduction of the experimental uncertainties associated with detector positioning and could facilitate the partial overcoming of some drawbacks related to the low sensitivity of diamond microdosimeters to low LET radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Verona
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Sez. INFN-Roma2, Roma, Italia, Italy
| | - Sandra Barna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Yasmin Hamad
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Giulio Magrin
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Marco Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Sez. INFN-Roma2, Roma, Italia, Italy
| | - Cynthia Meouchi
- Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gianluca Verona Rinati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Sez. INFN-Roma2, Roma, Italia, Italy
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Barna S, Meouchi C, Magrin G, Bianchi A, Conte V, Selva A, Stock M, Resch AF, Georg D, Palmans H. First microdosimetric measurements with a tissue-equivalent proportional counter at the MedAustron ion-beam therapy facility. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:1973-1978. [PMID: 37819337 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to present the first microdosimetric spectra measured with a miniaturised tissue-equivalent proportional counter in the clinical environment of the MedAustron ion-beam therapy facility. These spectra were gathered with a 62.4-MeV proton beam and have been compared with microdosimetric spectra measured in the 62-MeV clinical proton beam of the CATANA beam line. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the Geant4 toolkit GATE and a fully commissioned clinical beam line model. Finally, similarities and discrepancies of the measured data to simulations based on a simple and complex detector geometry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Cynthia Meouchi
- Radiation Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Giulio Magrin
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Anna Bianchi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro 20133, Italy
| | - Valeria Conte
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro 20133, Italy
| | - Anna Selva
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro 20133, Italy
| | - Markus Stock
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Andreas Franz Resch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
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Barna S, Meouchi C, Resch AF, Magrin G, Georg D, Palmans H. 3D printed 2D range modulators preserve radiation quality on a microdosimetric scale in proton and carbon ion beams. Radiother Oncol 2023; 182:109525. [PMID: 36774996 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Particle therapy using pencil beam scanning (PBS) faces large uncertain- ties related to ranges and target motion. One possibility to improve existing mitigation strategies is a 2D range modulator (2DRM). A 2DRM offers faster irradiation times by reducing the number of layers and spots needed to create a spread-out Bragg peak. We have investigated the impact of 2DRM on microdosimetric spectra measured in proton and carbon ion beams. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two 2DRMs were designed and 3D printed, one for. 124.7 MeV protons and one for 238.6 MeV/u carbon ions. Their dosimetric validation was performed using Roos and PinPoint ionization chamber and EBT3 films. Monte Carlo simulations were done using GATE. A silicon-based solid-state microdosimeter was used to collect pulse-height spectra along three depths for two irradiation modalities, PBS and a single central beam. RESULTS For both particle types, the original pin design had to be optimized via GATE simulations. The difference between the R80 of the simulated and measured depth dose curve was 0.1 mm. The microdosimetric spectra collected with the two irradiation modalities overlap well. Their mean lineal energy values differ over all positions by 5.2 % for the proton 2DRM and 2.1 % for the carbon ion 2DRM. CONCLUSION Radiation quality in terms of lineal energy was independent of the irradiation method. This supports the current approach in reference dosimetry, where the residual range is chosen as a beam quality index to select stopping power ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cynthia Meouchi
- Atominstitut, Technical University of Vienna, Stadionallee 2, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Franz Resch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Magrin
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie-Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria; MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie-Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie-Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, Austria; National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, United Kingdom
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Magrin G, Palmans H, Stock M, Georg D. State-of-the-art and potential of experimental microdosimetry in ion-beam therapy. Radiother Oncol 2023; 182:109586. [PMID: 36842667 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
In radiotherapy, radiation-quality should be an expression of the biological and physical characteristics of ionizing radiation such as spatial distribution of ionization or energy deposition. Linear energy transfer (LET) and lineal energy (y) are two descriptors used to quantify the radiation quality. These two quantities are connected and exhibit similar features. In ion-beam therapy (IBT), lineal energy can be measured with microdosimeters, which are specifically designed to cope with the high fluence of particles in clinical beams, while the quantification of LET is generally based on calculations. In pre-clinical studies, microdosimetric spectra are used for the indirect determination of relative biological effectiveness (RBE), e.g., using the microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) or biophysical response functions. In this context it is important to consider saturation effects, which occur when the highest values of y become less biologically relevant compared to the relative contribution they make to the physical dose. Recent clinical data suggests that local tumor control and normal tissue effects can be linked to macroscopic and microscopic dosimetry parameters. In particular, positive clinical outcomes have been correlated to the highest LET values in the density distribution, and there is no evident link to the saturation discussed above. A systematic collection of microdosimetric information in combination with clinical data in retrospective studies may clarify the role of radiation quality at the highest LET. In the clinical setting, microdosimetry is not widely used yet, despite its potential to be linked with LET by experimentally-determined y values. Through this connection, both play an important role in complex therapy techniques such as intensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT), LET-painting and multi-ion optimization. This review summarizes the current state of microdosimetry for IBT and its potential, as well as research and development needed to make experimental microdosimetry a mature procedure in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Magrin
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Markus Stock
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Universität, Krems, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Meouchi C, Barna S, Puchalska M, Tran LT, Rosenfeld A, Verona C, Verona‐Rinati G, Palmans H, Magrin G. On the measurement uncertainty of microdosimetric quantities using diamond and silicon microdosimeters in carbon-ion beams. Med Phys 2022; 49:6699-6715. [PMID: 36039392 PMCID: PMC9826416 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to compare the response of two different types of solid-state microdosimeters, that is, silicon and diamond, and their uncertainties. A study of the conversion of silicon microdosimetric spectra to the diamond equivalent for microdosimeters with different geometry of the sensitive volumes is performed, including the use of different stopping power databases. METHOD Diamond and silicon microdosimeters were irradiated under the same conditions, aligned at the same depth in a carbon-ion beam at the MedAustron ion therapy center. In order to estimate the microdosimetric quantities, the readout electronic linearity was investigated with three different methods, that is, the first being a single linear regression, the second consisting of a double linear regression with a channel transition and last a multiple linear regression by splitting the data into odd and even groups. The uncertainty related to each of these methods was estimated as well. The edge calibration was performed using the intercept with the horizontal axis of the tangent through the inflection point of the Fermi function approximation multi-channel analyzer spectrum. It was assumed that this point corresponds to the maximum energy difference of particle traversing the sensitive volume (SV) for which the residual range difference in the continuous slowing down approximation is equal to the thickness of the SV of the microdosimeter. Four material conversion methods were explored, the edge method, the density method, the maximum-deposition energy method and the bin-by-bin transformation method. The uncertainties of the microdosimetric quantities resulting from the linearization, the edge calibration and the detectors thickness were also estimated. RESULTS It was found that the double linear regression had the lowest uncertainty for both microdosimeters. The propagated standard (k = 1) uncertainties on the frequency-mean lineal energy y ¯ F ${\bar{y}}_{\rm{F}}$ and the dose-mean lineal energy y ¯ D ${\bar{y}}_{\rm{D}}$ values from the marker point, in the spectra, in the plateau were 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively, for the diamond microdosimeter, whilst for the silicon microdosimeter data converted to diamond, the uncertainty was estimated to be 0.1%. In the range corresponding to the 90% of the amplitude of the Bragg Peak at the distal part of the Bragg curve (R90 ) the uncertainty was found to be 0.1%. The uncertainty propagation from the stopping power tables was estimated to be between 5% and 7% depending on the method. The uncertainty on the y ¯ F ${\bar{y}}_{\rm{F}}$ and y ¯ D ${\bar{y}}_{\rm{D}}$ coming from the thickness of the detectors varied between 0.3% and 0.5%. CONCLUSION This article demonstrate that the linearity of the readout electronics affects the microdosimetric spectra with a difference in y ¯ F ${\bar{y}}_{\rm{F}}$ values between the different linearization methods of up to 17.5%. The combined uncertainty was dominated by the uncertainty of stopping power on the edge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Barna
- Department of Radiation OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Linh T. Tran
- Centre for Medical Radiation PhysicsUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation PhysicsUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Claudio Verona
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria IndustrialeUniversità di Roma Tor VergataRomaItaly
| | | | - Hugo Palmans
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CenterWiener NeustadtAustria,National Physical LaboratoryTeddingtonTwickenhamUK
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Barna S, Meouchi C, Magrin G, Conte V, Stock M, Resch A, Georg D, Palmans H. PD-0815 Microdosimetry with tissue-equivalent proportional counters at an ion beam therapy facility. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Parisi A, Sato T, Matsuya Y, Kase Y, Magrin G, Verona C, Tran L, Rosenfeld A, Bianchi A, Olko P, Struelens L, Vanhavere F. Development of a new microdosimetric biological weighting function for the RBE 10 assessment in case of the V79 cell line exposed to ions from 1H to 238U. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:235010. [PMID: 33274727 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abbf96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An improved biological weighting function (IBWF) is proposed to phenomenologically relate microdosimetric lineal energy probability density distributions with the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the in vitro clonogenic cell survival (surviving fraction = 10%) of the most commonly used mammalian cell line, i.e. the Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79). The IBWF, intended as a simple and robust tool for a fast RBE assessment to compare different exposure conditions in particle therapy beams, was determined through an iterative global-fitting process aimed to minimize the average relative deviation between RBE calculations and literature in vitro data in case of exposure to various types of ions from 1H to 238U. By using a single particle- and energy- independent function, it was possible to establish an univocal correlation between lineal energy and clonogenic cell survival for particles spanning over an unrestricted linear energy transfer range of almost five orders of magnitude (0.2 keV µm-1 to 15 000 keV µm-1 in liquid water). The average deviation between IBWF-derived RBE values and the published in vitro data was ∼14%. The IBWF results were also compared with corresponding calculations (in vitro RBE10 for the V79 cell line) performed using the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (modified MKM). Furthermore, RBE values computed with the reference biological weighting function (BWF) for the in vivo early intestine tolerance in mice were included for comparison and to further explore potential correlations between the BWF results and the in vitro RBE as reported in previous studies. The results suggest that the modified MKM possess limitations in reproducing the experimental in vitro RBE10 for the V79 cell line in case of ions heavier than 20Ne. Furthermore, due to the different modelled endpoint, marked deviations were found between the RBE values assessed using the reference BWF and the IBWF for ions heavier than 2H. Finally, the IBWF was unchangingly applied to calculate RBE values by processing lineal energy density distributions experimentally measured with eight different microdosimeters in 19 1H and 12C beams at ten different facilities (eight clinical and two research ones). Despite the differences between the detectors, irradiation facilities, beam profiles (pristine or spread out Bragg peak), maximum beam energy, beam delivery (passive or active scanning), energy degradation system (water, PMMA, polyamide or low-density polyethylene), the obtained IBWF-based RBE trends were found to be in good agreement with the corresponding ones in case of computer-simulated microdosimetric spectra (average relative deviation equal to 0.8% and 5.7% for 1H and 12C ions respectively).
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Verona C, Cirrone GAP, Magrin G, Marinelli M, Palomba S, Petringa G, Rinati GV. Microdosimetric measurements of a monoenergetic and modulated Bragg Peaks of 62 MeV therapeutic proton beam with a synthetic single crystal diamond microdosimeter. Med Phys 2020; 47:5791-5801. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Verona
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universita di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma00133 Italy
| | - G. A. P. Cirrone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud via Santa Sofia 62 Catania Italy
| | - G. Magrin
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center Marie Curie‐Strasse 5 Wiener NeustadtA‐2700 Austria
| | - M. Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universita di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma00133 Italy
| | - S. Palomba
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universita di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma00133 Italy
| | - G. Petringa
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud via Santa Sofia 62 Catania Italy
| | - G. Verona Rinati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universita di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma00133 Italy
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Magrin G, Verona C, Ciocca M, Marinelli M, Mastella E, Stock M, Verona‐Rinati G. Microdosimetric characterization of clinical carbon‐ion beams using synthetic diamond detectors and spectral conversion methods. Med Phys 2019; 47:713-721. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Magrin
- EBG MedAustron Marie Curie‐Strasse 5 A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Claudio Verona
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma 00133Italy
| | - Mario Ciocca
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica Strada Campeggi 53 Pavia 27100Italy
| | - Marco Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma 00133Italy
| | - Edoardo Mastella
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica Strada Campeggi 53 Pavia 27100Italy
| | - Marcus Stock
- EBG MedAustron Marie Curie‐Strasse 5 A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Gianluca Verona‐Rinati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” via del Politecnico 1 Roma 00133Italy
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Magrin G, Verona C, Verona-Rinati G, Stock M. MICRODOSIMETRY OF CLINICAL ION BEAMS: CONVERTING SPECTRA FROM DIAMOND SLAB TO WATER OF DIFFERENT SHAPES. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 183:167-171. [PMID: 30544225 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microdosemeters are frequently used today to specify the radiation quality in the framework of ion-beam therapy. The heterogeneity of the detector shapes and the materials limits the possibility of comparing directly spectra and mean lineal energies. A method was recently studied to convert the spectra obtained with unidirectional ion beams in slab detectors to those obtained with detectors of different in shape and material. The method is based on the observation that the lineal-energy spectra of slab detector, in a restricted energy interval, approximate the Linear Energy Transfer distributions at corresponding material and particle type and energies. In this study, the experimental spectra collected with a slab diamond detector are converted to the spectra that would be obtained using water detectors of spherical and cylindrical shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Magrin
- EBG MedAustron, Marie Curie-St. 5, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Claudio Verona
- INFN - Dip. Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma 'Tor Vergata', via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verona-Rinati
- INFN - Dip. Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma 'Tor Vergata', via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy
| | - Markus Stock
- EBG MedAustron, Marie Curie-St. 5, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
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Magrin G. A method to convert spectra from slab microdosimeters in therapeutic ion-beams to the spectra referring to microdosimeters of different shapes and material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:215021. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aae655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Vogin G, Wambersie A, Pötter R, Beuve M, Combs SE, Magrin G, Mayer R, Mock U, Sarrut D, Schreiner T, Fossati P, Balosso J. Concepts and terms for dose/volume parameters in carbon-ion radiotherapy: Conclusions of the ULICE taskforce. Cancer Radiother 2018; 22:802-809. [PMID: 30327228 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Union of Light Ion Centers in Europe (ULICE) program addressed the need for uniting scientific results for carbon-ion radiation therapy obtained by several institutions worldwide in different fields of excellence, and translating them into a real benefit to the community. Particularly, the concepts for dose/volume parameters developed in photon radiotherapy cannot be extrapolated to high linear energy transfer particles. METHODS AND MATERIALS The ULICE-WP2 taskforce included radiation oncologists involved in carbon-ion radiation therapy and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, radiation biologists, expert physicists in the fields of carbon-ion radiation therapy, microdosimetry, biological modeling and image-guided radiotherapy. Consensual reports emerged from multiple discussions within both the restricted group and the wider ULICE community. Public deliverables were produced and disseminated to the European Commission. RESULTS Here we highlight the disparity in practices between treating centers, then address the main topics to finally elaborate specific recommendations. Although it appears relatively simple to add geometrical margins around the clinical target volume to obtain the planning target volume as performed in photon radiotherapy, this procedure is not appropriate for carbon-ion radiation therapy. Due to the variation of the radiation quality in depth, there is no generic relative biological effectiveness value for carbon-ions outside of an isolated point, for a given fractionation and specific experimental conditions. Absorbed dose and "equieffective dose" for specified conditions must always be reported. CONCLUSIONS This work contributed to the development of standard operating procedures for carbon-ion radiation therapy clinical trials. These procedures are now being applied, particularly in the first phase III international, multicenter trial (PHRC Étoile).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vogin
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine Alexis-Vautrin, 54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 7365, ingénierie moléculaire et physiopathologie articulaire (Imopa), 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - A Wambersie
- Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique (Irec), Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R Pötter
- Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Beuve
- Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Institut de physique nucléaire de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - S E Combs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für RadioOnkologie und Strahlentherapie, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 München, Germany; Instituts für Innovative Radiotherapie (iRT), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - G Magrin
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, 2700 Wiener-Neustadt, Austria
| | - R Mayer
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, 2700 Wiener-Neustadt, Austria
| | - U Mock
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, 2700 Wiener-Neustadt, Austria
| | - D Sarrut
- Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR 5220 Laboratoire Creatis, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Inserm, U1044 Laboratoire Creatis, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - T Schreiner
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, 2700 Wiener-Neustadt, Austria
| | - P Fossati
- Università di Milano-Medicina e Chirurgia, Milano, Italy; Fondazione CNAO (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica), Pavia, Italy
| | - J Balosso
- Service de cancérologie-radiothérapie, hôpital Albert-Michallon, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38043 Grenoble cedex 09, France; IPNL, France Hadron national research infrastructure, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
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Colautti P, Conte V, Selva A, Chiriotti S, Pola A, Bortot D, Fazzi A, Agosteo S, Treccani M, De Nardo L, Verona C, Rinati GV, Magrin G, Cirrone G, Romano F. Miniaturized microdosimeters as LET monitors: First comparison of calculated and experimental data performed at the 62 MeV/u 12C beam of INFN-LNS with four different detectors. Phys Med 2018; 52:113-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Verona C, Magrin G, Solevi P, Bandorf M, Marinelli M, Stock M, Verona Rinati G. Toward the use of single crystal diamond based detector for ion-beam therapy microdosimetry. RADIAT MEAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Ion-beam therapy faces a growing demand of tools able to map radiation quality within the irradiated volume. Although analytical computations and simulations provide useful estimations of dose and radiation quality, the direct measure of those parameters would improve ion-beam therapy in particular when deep-seated tumours are irradiated, tissue composition and density are variable or organs at risk are near the tumour. Several ion-beam therapy facilities are studying detectors and procedures for measuring the radiation quality on a microdosimetric as well as a nanodosimetric scale. Simplicity and miniaturisation of the devices are essential for measurements first in phantoms and thereafter during therapy, particularly for intra-cavity detectors. MedAustron is studying solid-state detectors based on a single crystal chemical vapour deposition diamond. In collaboration with Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Tor Vergata and Legnaro; INFN-microdosimetry and track structure project; Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna; and Italian National agency for new technologies, energy and sustainable economic development, Rome, prototypes have been developed to characterise radiation quality in sizes equivalent to one micrometre of biological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Magrin
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt A-2700, Austria
| | - R Mayer
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt A-2700, Austria
| | - C Verona
- INFN Tor Vervata University, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Loïc Grevillot
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt A-2700, Austria
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Dosanjh M, Magrin G. Introduction to the EC's Marie Curie Initial Training Network (MC-ITN) project: Particle Training Network for European Radiotherapy (PARTNER). J Radiat Res 2013; 54 Suppl 1:i1-5. [PMID: 23824113 PMCID: PMC3700503 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PARTNER (Particle Training Network for European Radiotherapy) is a project funded by the European Commission's Marie Curie-ITN funding scheme through the ENLIGHT Platform for 5.6 million Euro. PARTNER has brought together academic institutes, research centres and leading European companies, focusing in particular on a specialized radiotherapy (RT) called hadron therapy (HT), interchangeably referred to as particle therapy (PT). The ultimate goal of HT is to deliver more effective treatment to cancer patients leading to major improvement in the health of citizens. In Europe, several hundred million Euro have been invested, since the beginning of this century, in PT. In this decade, the use of HT is rapidly growing across Europe, and there is an urgent need for qualified researchers from a range of disciplines to work on its translational research. In response to this need, the European community of HT, and in particular 10 leading academic institutes, research centres, companies and small and medium-sized enterprises, joined together to form the PARTNER consortium. All partners have international reputations in the diverse but complementary fields associated with PT: clinical, radiobiological and technological. Thus the network incorporates a unique set of competencies, expertise, infrastructures and training possibilities. This paper describes the status and needs of PT research in Europe, the importance of and challenges associated with the creation of a training network, the objectives, the initial results, and the expected long-term benefits of the PARTNER initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio Magrin
- MedAustron, Marie Curie-St. 5, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
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18
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Miller K, Akers C, Magrin G, Whitehead S, Davis AK. Piloting the use of 2D barcode and patient safety-software in an Australian tertiary hospital setting. Vox Sang 2013; 105:159-66. [PMID: 23600799 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Errors in administration of blood products can lead to poor patient outcomes including fatal ABO incompatible transfusions. This pilot study sought to establish whether the use of two-dimensional (2D) barcode technology combined with patient identification software designed to assist in blood administration improves the bedside administration of transfusions in an Australian tertiary hospital. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The study was conducted in a Haematology/Oncology Day Clinic of a major metropolitan hospital, to evaluate the use of 2D barcode technology and patient safety-software and hand-held PDAs to assist nursing staff in patient identification and blood administration. Comparative audits were conducted before and after the technology's implementation. RESULTS The preimplementation transfusion practice audits demonstrated a poor understanding of the blood checking process, with focus on the product rather than patient identification. Following the implementation of 2D barcode technology and patient safety-software, there was significant improvement in administration practice. Positive, verbal patient identification improved from 57% (51/90) to 94% (75/80). Similarly, the cross-referencing of the patient's identification with the patient's wristband improved from 36% (32/90) to 94% (75/80), and the cross-referencing of patient ID on the compatibility tag to wristbands improved from 48% (43/90) to 99% (79/80). Importantly, the 2D barcode technology and patient safety-software saw 100% (80/80) of checks being conducted at the patient bedside, compared with 76% (68/90) in the preimplementation audits. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates that 2D barcode technology and patient safety-software significantly improves the bedside check of patient and blood product identification in an Australian setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miller
- Laboratory Haematology Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Shortt J, Westall GP, Roxby D, Chen JW, Snell GI, Polizzotto MN, Magrin G, Webb A, Street AM, Borosak M, Wood EM, Cole-Sinclair MF. A 'dangerous' group O donor: severe hemolysis in all recipients of organs from a donor with multiple red cell alloantibodies. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:711-4. [PMID: 18294168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alloimmune hemolysis is a recognized but infrequent complication of solid organ transplantation, particularly where there is incompatibility within the ABO blood group system. We describe severe hemolysis due to passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) in all three recipients of organs from a single donor with multiple red cell (RC) alloantibodies. The first patient, a liver transplant recipient, required augmentation of immunosuppression to treat immune hemolysis due to anti-B, -D, -C and -Cellano (k). This is the first description of PLS caused by alloantibody to the high incidence RC antigen, k. The two single lung transplant recipients developed hemolysis due to anti-D. Both required escalation of immunosuppression and early transfusion support. Three months posttransplant, all three patients have ongoing evidence of compensated hemolysis. This series highlights the potential for severe non-ABO-mediated immune hemolysis following solid organ transplantation. A positive donor RC antibody screen should prompt careful monitoring of organ recipients for hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shortt
- Haematology Unit, Alfred Pathology Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
A mini-tissue-equivalent proportional-counter (TEPC) has been constructed to study the possibility to manufacture mini-counters without field-shaping tubes for radiation therapy. The mini-TEPC can be assembled with and without field-shaping tubes. It can be equipped with a mini-alpha source for a precise lineal energy calibration. After the positive conclusions of this study, a slim TEPC has been designed and constructed. The slim TEPC has an external diameter of only 2.7 mm. It has been tested with therapeutic proton beams and gamma ray sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Nardo
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35100 Padua, Italy
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Cesari V, Colautti P, Magrin G, De Nardo L, Baek WY, Grosswendt B, Alkaa A, Khamphan C, Ségur P, Tornielli G. Nanodosimetric measurements with an avalanche confinement TEPC. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2002; 99:337-342. [PMID: 12194318 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper illustrates a tissue-equivalent proportional counter designed to have high gas gain and good energy resolution at nanometric simulated site sizes. Microdosimetric neutron and gamma spectra were measured in dimethyl ether and in propane-based tissue-equivalent gas mixture down to 35 nm. The comparison of experimental data with the results of Monte Carlo calculations shows a satisfactory agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cesari
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Via Romea 4, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Kliauga P, Onizuka Y, Magrin G. Microdosimetric analysis of radiation from a clinical mammography machine using realistic breast phantoms and a miniature proportional counter. Phys Med Biol 1996; 41:2295-306. [PMID: 8938027 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/41/11/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the microdosimetric spectra of a Senographe 600T mammography machine employing an Mo target with 0.8 mm Be inherent filtration and 0.03 mm Mo added filtration, giving a half-value layer of 0.35 mm A1 at 28 kVp. In all of our measurements a large collimator producing a 24 cm x 30 cm field at 65 cm was used. Two different phantom compositions differing in the ratio of adipose to fibroglandular tissue were compared, using simulated breast material from Nuclear Associates. Spectra were taken at various depths and locations in simulated breasts of 3.4 and 5 cm thickness. The detector used was a miniature proportional counter having outer dimensions of 5 cm x 1.8 cm diameter, with a sensitive volume 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm. The small dimensions of the counter and the cavity allowed total embedding in the breast material with minimal disturbance of the photon and secondary electron spectrum. Our results show that there can be changes in the radiation quality amounting to as much as 17% (as measured by the dose mean lineal energy. yD) between breasts of different thickness, at the same relative position within the breast. There is little difference due to breast composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kliauga
- Columbia University Center for Radiological Research, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Van der Weyden MB, Hart JA, Flux M, Dargaville RM, Magrin G. Preoperative autologous blood donation. Linkage of the public and private hospital sectors. Med J Aust 1993; 158:302-4. [PMID: 8474368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) program with liberal patient exclusion criteria. DESIGN Prospective patient accrual from September 1990 to May 1992. SETTING A PABD program in a public tertiary care hospital linked with a specialist orthopaedic practice in a private hospital. PATIENTS One hundred and twenty patients consecutively scheduled for orthopaedic surgery were referred for PABD. There were 77 women (median age, 63 years) and 43 men (median age, 62 years). One-third of patients were 70 or more years old. Coexistent medical disease, mainly cardiovascular, was present in 46% of patients and 3% were excluded because of coexisting morbidity. Total hip or total knee replacement was performed in a private hospital with intraoperative or postoperative blood salvage in 37% of the patients. OUTCOME MEASURES Adverse effects of PABD, autologous blood collected and used and homologous blood transfused. RESULTS One hundred and sixteen patients donated 267 units of autologous blood. In 70 patients undergoing total hip replacement, 78% donated three and 20% donated two units, with 95% of autologous blood being used. In 38 patients undergoing total knee replacement, 42% donated two units and 55% donated one unit, with 87% of autologous blood being transfused. Seventy-eight per cent of all patients only received autologous blood. In the remaining patients, homologous blood use was confined to two units or less in 80%. Hypotensive episodes associated with phlebotomy occurred in 3% of patients, and 13% of patients had preoperative haemoglobin levels ranging from 85-100 g/L without adverse clinical effects. CONCLUSION A hospital-based PABD program with less strict patient exclusion criteria does not prejudice the clinical status of the donors. Its linkage to private hospitals can significantly reduce the use of homologous blood in selected elective surgery.
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