1
|
Struelens L, Huet C, Broggio D, Dabin J, Desorgher L, Giussani A, Li WB, Nosske D, Lee YK, Cunha L, Carapinha MJR, Medvedec M, Covens P. Joint EURADOS-EANM initiative for an advanced computational framework for the assessment of external dose rates from nuclear medicine patients. EJNMMI Phys 2024; 11:38. [PMID: 38647987 PMCID: PMC11035505 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to ensure adequate radiation protection of critical groups such as staff, caregivers and the general public coming into proximity of nuclear medicine (NM) patients, it is necessary to consider the impact of the radiation emitted by the patients during their stay at the hospital or after leaving the hospital. Current risk assessments are based on ambient dose rate measurements in a single position at a specified distance from the patient and carried out at several time points after administration of the radiopharmaceutical to estimate the whole-body retention. The limitations of such an approach are addressed in this study by developing and validating a more advanced computational dosimetry approach using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in combination with flexible and realistic computational phantoms and time activity distribution curves from reference biokinetic models. RESULTS Measurements of the ambient dose rate equivalent Ḣ*(10) at 1 m from the NM patient have been successfully compared against MC simulations with 5 different codes using the ICRP adult reference computational voxel phantoms, for typical clinical procedures with 99mTc-HDP/MDP, 18FDG and Na131I. All measurement data fall in the 95% confidence intervals, determined for the average simulated results. Moreover, the different MC codes (MCNP-X, PHITS, GATE, GEANT4, TRIPOLI-4®) have been compared for a more realistic scenario where the effective dose rate Ė of an exposed individual was determined in positions facing and aside the patient model at 30 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm. The variation between codes was lower than 8% for all the radiopharmaceuticals at 1 m, and varied from 5 to 16% for the face-to face and side-by-side configuration at 30 cm and 50 cm. A sensitivity study on the influence of patient model morphology demonstrated that the relative standard deviation of Ḣ*(10) at 1 m for the range of included patient models remained under 16% for time points up to 120 min post administration. CONCLUSIONS The validated computational approach will be further used for the evaluation of effective dose rates per unit administered activity for a variety of close-contact configurations and a range of radiopharmaceuticals as part of risk assessment studies. Together with the choice of appropriate dose constraints this would facilitate the setting of release criteria and patient restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Struelens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Nuclear Medical Applications, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Christelle Huet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SDOS, 31 Avenue de La Division Leclerc, 92260, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - David Broggio
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SDOS, 31 Avenue de La Division Leclerc, 92260, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Jérémie Dabin
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Nuclear Medical Applications, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Laurent Desorgher
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Augusto Giussani
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Wei Bo Li
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Dietmar Nosske
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Yi-Kang Lee
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'études des réacteurs et de mathématiques appliquées, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lidia Cunha
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, IsoPor-Azores, Canada do Breado, 9700, Angra Do Heroismo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Maria J R Carapinha
- ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mario Medvedec
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Covens
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Riveira-Martin M, Struelens L, Muñoz Iglesias J, Schoonjans W, Tabuenca O, Nogueiras JM, Salvador Gómez FJ, López Medina A. Radiation exposure assessment of nuclear medicine staff administering [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE with active and passive dosimetry. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:70. [PMID: 37962683 PMCID: PMC10645926 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of lutetium-177 (177Lu)-based radiopharmaceuticals in peptide receptor nuclear therapy is increasing, but so is the number of nuclear medicine workers exposed to higher levels of radiation. In recent years, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE has begun to be widely used for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours. However, there are few studies evaluating the occupational radiation exposure during its administration, and there are still some challenges that can result in higher doses to the staff, such as a lack of trained personnel or fully standardised procedures. In response, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of occupational doses to the staff involved in the administration of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE. RESULTS A total of 32 administrations of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE (7.4 GBq/session) carried out by a physician and a nurse, were studied. In total, two physicians and four nurses were independently monitored with cumulative (passive) and/or real-time (active) dosemeters. Extremity, eye lens and whole-body doses were evaluated in terms of the dosimetric quantities Hp(0.07), Hp(3) and Hp(10), respectively. It was obtained that lead aprons reduced dose rates and whole-body doses by 71% and 69% for the physicians, respectively, and by 56% and 68% for the nurses. On average, normalised Hp(10) values of 0.65 ± 0.18 µSv/GBq were obtained with active dosimetry, which is generally consistent with passive dosemeters. For physicians, the median of the maximum normalised Hp(0.07) values was 41.5 µSv/GBq on the non-dominant hand and 45.2 µSv/GBq on the dominant hand. For nurses 15.4 µSv/GBq on the non-dominant and 13.9 µSv/GBq on the dominant hand. The ratio or correction factor between the maximum dose measured on the hand and the dose measured on the base of the middle/ring finger of the non-dominant hand resulted in a factor of 5/6 for the physicians and 3/4 for the nurses. Finally, maximum normalised Hp(3) doses resulted in 2.02 µSv/GBq for physicians and 1.76 µSv/GBq for nurses. CONCLUSIONS If appropriate safety measures are taken, the administration of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE is a safe procedure for workers. However, regular monitoring is recommended to ensure that the annual dose limits are not exceeded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Riveira-Martin
- Genetic Oncology, Radiobiology and Radiointeraction Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Spain.
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - José Muñoz Iglesias
- Nuclear Medicine Department (SERGAS), Meixoeiro Hospital, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Olga Tabuenca
- Nuclear Medicine Department (SERGAS), Meixoeiro Hospital, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Manuel Nogueiras
- Nuclear Medicine Department (GALARIA), Meixoeiro Hospital, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Antonio López Medina
- Medical Physics and RP Department (GALARIA), Meixoeiro Hospital, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saldarriaga Vargas C, Andersson M, Bouvier-Capely C, Li WB, Madas B, Covens P, Struelens L, Strigari L. Heterogeneity of absorbed dose distribution in kidney tissues and dose–response modelling of nephrotoxicity in radiopharmaceutical therapy with beta-particle emitters: A review. Z Med Phys 2023:S0939-3889(23)00037-5. [PMID: 37031068 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Absorbed dose heterogeneity in kidney tissues is an important issue in radiopharmaceutical therapy. The effect of absorbed dose heterogeneity in nephrotoxicity is, however, not fully understood yet, which hampers the implementation of treatment optimization by obscuring the interpretation of clinical response data and the selection of optimal treatment options. Although some dosimetry methods have been developed for kidney dosimetry to the level of microscopic renal substructures, the clinical assessment of the microscopic distribution of radiopharmaceuticals in kidney tissues currently remains a challenge. This restricts the anatomical resolution of clinical dosimetry, which hinders a thorough clinical investigation of the impact of absorbed dose heterogeneity. The potential of absorbed dose-response modelling to support individual treatment optimization in radiopharmaceutical therapy is recognized and gaining attraction. However, biophysical modelling is currently underexplored for the kidney, where particular modelling challenges arise from the convolution of a complex functional organization of renal tissues with the function-mediated dose distribution of radiopharmaceuticals. This article reviews and discusses the heterogeneity of absorbed dose distribution in kidney tissues and the absorbed dose-response modelling of nephrotoxicity in radiopharmaceutical therapy. The review focuses mainly on the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with beta-particle emitting somatostatin analogues, for which the scientific literature reflects over two decades of clinical experience. Additionally, detailed research perspectives are proposed to address various identified challenges to progress in this field.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nabha R, De Saint-Hubert M, Marichal J, Esser J, Van Hoey O, Bäumer C, Verbeek N, Struelens L, Sterpin E, Tabury K, Marek L, Granja C, Timmermann B, Vanhavere F. Biophysical characterization of collimated and uncollimated fields in pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68. [PMID: 36821866 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acbe8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The lateral dose fall-off in proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) technique remains the preferred choice for sparing adjacent organs at risk as opposed to the distal edge due to the proton range uncertainties and potentially high relative biological effectiveness. However, because of the substantial spot size along with the scattering in the air and in the patient, the lateral penumbra in PBS can be degraded. Combining PBS with an aperture can result in a sharper dose fall-off, particularly for shallow targets.Approach. The aim of this work was to characterize the radiation fields produced by collimated and uncollimated 100 and 140 MeV proton beams, using Monte Carlo simulations and measurements with a MiniPIX-Timepix detector. The dose and the linear energy transfer (LET) were then coupled with publishedin silicobiophysical models to elucidate the potential biological effects of collimated and uncollimated fields.Main results. Combining an aperture with PBS reduced the absorbed dose in the lateral fall-off and out-of-field by 60%. However, the results also showed that the absolute frequency-averaged LET (LETF) values increased by a maximum of 3.5 keVμm-1in collimated relative to uncollimated fields, while the dose-averaged LET (LETD) increased by a maximum of 7 keVμm-1. Despite the higher LET values produced by collimated fields, the predicted DNA damage yields remained lower, owing to the large dose reduction.Significance. This work demonstrated the dosimetric advantages of combining an aperture with PBS coupled with lower DNA damage induction. A methodology for calculating dose in water derived from measurements with a silicon-based detector was also presented. This work is the first to demonstrate experimentally the increase in LET caused by combining PBS with aperture, and to assess the potential DNA damage which is the initial step in the cascade of events leading to the majority of radiation-induced biological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Racell Nabha
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Johannes Esser
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olivier Van Hoey
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Christian Bäumer
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,TU Dortmund University, Department of Physics, Dortmund, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nico Verbeek
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lara Struelens
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Edmond Sterpin
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.,UCLouvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, MIRO Lab, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Tabury
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | | | | | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Filip Vanhavere
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vargas CS, Struelens L, D'Huyvetter M, Caveliers V, Covens P. A Realistic Multiregion Mouse Kidney Dosimetry Model to Support the Preclinical Evaluation of Potential Nephrotoxicity of Radiopharmaceutical Therapy. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:493-499. [PMID: 36229185 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Suborgan absorbed dose estimates in mouse kidneys are crucial to support preclinical nephrotoxicity analyses of α- and β-particle-emitting radioligands exhibiting a heterogeneous activity distribution in the kidneys. This is, however, limited by the scarcity of reference dose factors (S values) available in the literature for specific mouse kidney tissues. Methods: A computational multiregion model of a mouse kidney based on high-resolution MRI data from a healthy mouse kidney was developed. The model was used to calculate S values for 5 kidney tissues (cortex, outer and inner stripes of outer medulla, inner medulla, and papilla and pelvis) for a wide range of β- or α-emitting radionuclides (45 in total) of interest for radiopharmaceutical therapy, using Monte Carlo calculations. Additionally, regional S values were applied for a 131I-labeled single-domain antibody fragment with predominant retention in the outer stripe of the renal outer medulla. Results: The heterogeneous activity distribution in kidneys of considered α- and low- to medium-energy β-emitters considerably affected the absorbed dose estimation in specific suborgan regions. The suborgan tissue doses resulting from the nonuniform distribution of the 131I-labeled antibody fragment largely deviated (from -40% to 57%) from the mean kidney dose resulting from an assumed uniform activity distribution throughout the whole kidney. The absorbed dose in the renal outer stripe was about 2.0 times higher than in the cortex and in the inner stripe and about 2.6 times higher than in inner tissues. Conclusion: The use of kidney regional S values allows a more realistic estimation of the absorbed dose in different renal tissues from therapeutic radioligands with a heterogeneous uptake in the kidneys. This constitutes an improvement from the simplistic (less accurate) renal dose estimates assuming a uniform distribution of activity throughout kidney tissues. Such improvement in dosimetry is expected to support preclinical studies essential for a better understanding of nephrotoxicity in humans. The dosimetric database has added value in the development of new molecular vectors for radiopharmaceutical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarita Saldarriaga Vargas
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibrations, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium; and .,Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lara Struelens
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibrations, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium; and
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Covens
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdelrahman M, Lombardo P, Dabin J, Struelens L, Vanhavere F. Impact of the implementation of the new radiation quantities recommended by ICRU/ICRP for practical use in interventional radiology: a Monte Carlo study. J Radiol Prot 2023; 43:011513. [PMID: 36720155 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/acb780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) proposed a new set of operational quantities for radiation protection for external radiation in its Report Committee 26 (ICRU95). The new proposal aims to improve the coherence between the operational quantities and the definitions of the protection quantities in the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection set out in 2007 (Ann. ICRP37). It is expected that this change in operational quantities will impact current dosimeter designs. Although for many photon energies, the conversion coefficients from physical field quantities to the new operational quantities will change relatively little, for radiation fields with low energy photon components, such as medical x-ray applications, there will be a significant decrease in the values of the conversion coefficients. This means that the numerical values of the new operational quantities will be much lower for the same radiation field. These values will be closer to the effective dose, but this change can still cause confusion for medical staff. It is important to examine the effect of the new set of dose conversion coefficients on the personal dose in realistic radiation fields. We performed a study to assess the effect of changing the definition of the operational quantity, personal dose equivalent (Hp), in realistic radiation fields in interventional radiology (IR) workplaces. The x-ray tube kilovoltage peak (kVp) in IR ranges between 60 and 120 kV. The medical staff is exposed to the scattered photons which have a wide range of energies depending on the beam configuration and the patient size. The objective of this study is to 'quantitatively' estimate the impact of implementing the new ICRU quantities of Report 95 in IR radiation fields using Monte Carlo simulations. Simulations of 560 different configurations in IR were performed using MCNPX to calculate fluence binned per energy and angle of incidence.HpandHp(10)were then calculated for each configuration using dose conversion coefficients from fluence given by ICRU Reports 95 and 57, respectively. The results show that the mean of the ratio,Hp(10)/Hp, is 1.6 for all simulated scenarios. This reduction will correct the current overestimation of the effective dose and should result in better compliance with the dose limits in IR. However, it may also have negative consequences on the safety culture among the medical staff. Special care will be needed when interpreting these lower doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jérémie Dabin
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Mol, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Riveira-Martin M, Struelens L, Schoonjans W, Sánchez-Díaz I, Muñoz Iglesias J, Ferreira Dávila Ó, Salvador Gómez FJ, Salgado Fernández M, López Medina A. Occupational radiation exposure assessment during the management of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:75. [PMID: 36309605 PMCID: PMC9617990 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since it was first approved in Europe in 2016, the gallium-68 (68Ga) radiopharmaceutical [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC has been widely used for imaging of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positive tumours using positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT). Significant patient benefits have been reported, so its use is rapidly increasing. However, few studies have been published regarding occupational doses to nuclear medicine personnel handling this radiopharmaceutical, despite its manual usage at low distances from the skin and the beta-emission decay scheme, which may result in an increased absorbed dose to their hands. In this context, this study aims to analyse the occupational exposure during the administration of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC for PET/CT imaging. For this purpose, extremity, eye lens and whole-body dosimetry in terms of Hp(0.07), Hp(3) and Hp(10), respectively, was conducted on six workers with both thermoluminescent dosimeters, and personal electronic dosimeters.
Results The non-dominant hand is more exposed to radiation than the dominant hand, with the thumb and the index fingertip being the most exposed sites on this hand. Qualitative analysis showed that when no shielding is used during injection, doses increase significantly more in the dominant than in the non-dominant hand, so the use of shielding is strongly recommended. While wrist dosimeters may significantly underestimate doses to the hands, placing a ring dosimeter at the base of the ring or middle finger of the non-dominant hand may give a valuable estimation of maximum doses to the hands if at least a correction factor of 5 is applied. Personal equivalent doses for the eyes did not result in measurable values (i.e., above the lowest detection limit) for almost all workers. The extrapolated annual dose estimations showed that there is compliance with the annual dose limits during management of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC for diagnostics with PET in the hospital included in this study. Conclusions Imaging with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC is a safe process for the workers performing the administration of the radiopharmaceutical, including intravenous injection to the patient and the pre- and post-activity control, as it is highly unlikely that annual dose limits will be exceeded if good working practices and shielding are used.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40658-022-00505-8.
Collapse
|
8
|
Castillo Seoane D, De Saint-Hubert M, Ahenkorah S, Saldarriaga Vargas C, Ooms M, Struelens L, Koole M. Gamma counting protocols for the accurate quantification of 225Ac and 213Bi without the need for a secular equilibrium between parent and gamma-emitting daughter. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:28. [PMID: 36274098 PMCID: PMC9588853 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of actinium-225 through gamma counter measurements, when there is no secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and its gamma emitting daughters bismuth-213 and/or francium-221, can provide valuable information regarding the possible relocation of recoiled daughters such that related radiotoxicity effects can be evaluated. This study proposes a multiple time-point protocol using the bismuth-213 photopeak with measurements before secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and bismuth-213, and a single time-point protocol using both the francium-221 and bismuth-213 photopeak while assuming secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and francium-221 but not between bismuth-213 and actinium-225. RESULTS Good agreement (i.e. 3% accuracy) was obtained when relying on a multiple time-points measurement of bismuth-213 to quantify both actinium-225 and excess of bismuth-213. Following scatter correction, actinium-225 can be accurately quantified using the francium-221 in a single time-point measurement within 3% of accuracy. The analysis performed on the stability data of [225Ac]Ac-DEPA and [225Ac]Ac-DOTA complexes, before secular equilibrium between bismuth-213 and actinium-225 was formed, revealed considerable amounts of unbound bismuth-213 (i.e. more than 90%) after 24 h of the radiolabeling most likely due to the recoiled daughter effect. CONCLUSION Both protocols were able to accurately estimate 225Ac-activities provided the francium-221 energy window was corrected for the down scatter of the higher-energy gamma-emissions by bismuth-213. This could prove beneficial to study the recoiled daughter effect and redistribution of free bismuth-213 by monitoring the accumulation or clearance of bismuth-213 in different tissues during biodistribution studies or in patient samples during clinical studies. On the other hand, the single gamma counter measurement protocol, although required a 30 min waiting time, is more time and cost efficient and therefore more appropriate for standardized quality control procedures of 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Castillo Seoane
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Louvain, Belgium.
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.
| | - Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Stephen Ahenkorah
- NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Unit of Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Louvain, Belgium
| | - Clarita Saldarriaga Vargas
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ooms
- NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Lara Struelens
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Louvain, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spoormans K, Crabbé M, Struelens L, De Saint-Hubert M, Koole M. A Review on Tumor Control Probability (TCP) and Preclinical Dosimetry in Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102007. [PMID: 36297446 PMCID: PMC9608466 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) uses radiopharmaceuticals to specifically irradiate tumor cells while sparing healthy tissue. Response to this treatment highly depends on the absorbed dose. Tumor control probability (TCP) models aim to predict the tumor response based on the absorbed dose by taking into account the different characteristics of TRT. For instance, TRT employs radiation with a high linear energy transfer (LET), which results in an increased effectiveness. Furthermore, a heterogeneous radiopharmaceutical distribution could result in a heterogeneous dose distribution at a tissue, cellular as well as subcellular level, which will generally reduce the tumor response. Finally, the dose rate in TRT is protracted, relatively low, and variable over time. This allows cells to repair more DNA damage, which may reduce the effectiveness of TRT. Within this review, an overview is given on how these characteristics can be included in TCP models, while some experimental findings are also discussed. Many parameters in TCP models are preclinically determined and TCP models also play a role in the preclinical stage of radiopharmaceutical development; however, this all depends critically on the calculated absorbed dose. Accordingly, an overview of the existing preclinical dosimetry methods is given, together with their limitation and applications. It can be concluded that although the theoretical extension of TCP models from external beam radiotherapy towards TRT has been established quite well, the experimental confirmation is lacking. Thus, requiring additional comprehensive studies at the sub-cellular, cellular, and organ level, which should be provided with accurate preclinical dosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Spoormans
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Melissa Crabbé
- NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Lara Struelens
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smeulders J, da Silva EH, Struelens L, Vanhavere F, De Mey J, Martin CJ, Buls N. CORRELATION BETWEEN ROUTINE PERSONAL DOSIMETRY READING AND THE DOSE TO THE BRAIN OF INTERVENTIONAL STAFF. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:349-357. [PMID: 35482286 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the brain absorbed dose and personal dosimetry readings in interventional cardiologists. Interventional procedures were replicated using Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP 6) with anthropomorphic phantoms representing both operator and patient. Absorbed doses were evaluated for 10 predefined regions of the operator's brain as well as for dosemeters at chest and neck level. One beam quality (HVL = 6.2 mm Al) and nine beam projections were considered. A significant bias in the laterality of brain dose was found with doses at the left side of the brain being up to 2.8 times higher compared with the right. The correlation between brain dose and dosemeter reading was found to be dependent on beam projection. Yet, a generalized conversion factor (brain dose normalized by Hp(10)), averaged over all considered beam projections, could be proposed for (retrospective) brain dose estimation from routinely measured dosimetry data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Johan De Mey
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Colin J Martin
- Department of Clinical Physics and Bio-Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Nico Buls
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kayal G, Clayton N, Vergara-Gil A, Struelens L, Bardiès M. Proof-of-concept of DosiTest: A virtual multicentric clinical trial for assessing uncertainties in molecular radiotherapy dosimetry. Phys Med 2022; 97:25-35. [PMID: 35339863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical dosimetry in molecular radiotherapy (MRT) is a multi-step procedure, prone to uncertainties at every stage of the dosimetric workflow. These are difficult to assess, especially as some are complex or even impossible to measure experimentally. The DosiTest project was initiated to assess the variability associated with clinical dosimetry, by setting up a 'virtual' multicentric clinical dosimetry trial based on Monte Carlo (MC) modelling. A reference patient model with a realistic geometry and activity input for a specific tracer is considered. Reference absorbed dose rate distribution maps are generated at various time-points from MC modelling, combining precise information on density and activity distributions (voxel wise). Then, centre-specific calibration and patient SPECT/CT datasets are modelled, on which the clinical centres can perform clinical (i.e. image-based) dosimetry. The results of this dosimetric analysis can be benchmarked against the reference dosimetry to assess the variability induced by implementing different clinical dosimetry approaches. The feasibility of DosiTest is presented here for a clinical situation of therapeutic administration of 177Lu-DOTATATE (Lutathera®) peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). From a real patient dataset composed of 5 SPECT/CT images and associated calibrations, we generated the reference absorbed dose rate images with GATE. Then, simulated SPECT/CT image generation based on GATE was performed, both for a calibration phantom and virtual patient images. Based on this simulated dataset, image-based dosimetry could be performed, and compared with reference dosimetry. The good agreement, between real and simulated images, and between reference and image-based dosimetry established the proof of concept of DosiTest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Kayal
- CRCT, UMR 1037, INSERM, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium.
| | - N Clayton
- CRCT, UMR 1037, INSERM, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - A Vergara-Gil
- CRCT, UMR 1037, INSERM, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - L Struelens
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - M Bardiès
- ICM, Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Montpellier, France; IRCM, UMR 1194 INSERM, Université de Montpellier and ICM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kayal G, Chauvin M, Mora-Ramirez E, Clayton N, Vergara-Gil A, Tran-Gia J, Lassmann M, Calvert N, Tipping J, Struelens L, Bardiès M. Modelling SPECT auto-contouring acquisitions for 177Lu & 131I molecular radiotherapy using new developments in Geant4/GATE. Phys Med 2022; 96:101-113. [PMID: 35276403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Monte Carlo modelling of SPECT imaging in Molecular Radiotherapy can improve activity quantification. Until now, SPECT modelling with GATE only considered circular orbit (CO) acquisitions. This cannot reproduce auto-contour acquisitions, where the detector head moves close to the patient to improve image resolution. The aim of this work is to develop and validate an auto-contouring step-and-shoot acquisition mode for GATE SPECT modelling. METHODS 177Lu and 131I SPECT experimental acquisitions performed on a Siemens Symbia T2 and GE Discovery 670 gamma camera, respectively, were modelled. SPECT projections were obtained for a cylindrical Jaszczak phantom and a lung and spine phantom. Detector head parameters (radial positions and acquisition angles) were extracted from the experimental projections to model the non-circular orbit (NCO) detector motion. The gamma camera model was validated against the experimental projections obtained with the cylindrical Jaszczak (177Lu) and lung and spine phantom (131I). Then, 177Lu and 131I CO and NCO SPECT projections were simulated to validate the impact of explicit NCO modelling on simulated projections. RESULTS Experimental and simulated SPECT images were compared using the gamma index, and were in good agreement with gamma index passing rate (GIPR) and gammaavg of 96.27%, 0.242 (177Lu) and 92.89%, 0.36 (131I). Then, simulated 177Lu and 131I CO and NCO SPECT projections were compared. The GIPR, gammaavg between the two gamma camera motions was 99.85%, 0.108 for 177Lu and 75.58%, 0.6 for 131I. CONCLUSION This work thereby justifies the need for auto-contouring modelling for isotopes with high septal penetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Kayal
- CRCT, UMR 1037, INSERM, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium.
| | - Maxime Chauvin
- CRCT, UMR 1037, INSERM, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Erick Mora-Ramirez
- CRCT, UMR 1037, INSERM, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Fisica, CICANUM, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Naomi Clayton
- CRCT, UMR 1037, INSERM, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Alex Vergara-Gil
- CRCT, UMR 1037, INSERM, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Johannes Tran-Gia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Calvert
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering (CMPE), The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jill Tipping
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering (CMPE), The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lara Struelens
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | | | - Manuel Bardiès
- ICM, Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Montpellier, France; IRCM, UMR 1194 INSERM, Université de Montpellier and ICM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huet C, Eakins J, Zankl M, Gómez-Ros JM, Jansen J, Moraleda M, Struelens L, Akar DK, Borbinha J, Brkić H, Bui DK, Capello K, Linh Dang TM, Desorgher L, Di Maria S, Epstein L, Faj D, Fantinova K, Ferrari P, Gossio S, Hunt J, Jovanovic Z, Kim HS, Krstic D, Le NT, Lee YK, Murugan M, Nadar MY, Nguyen NQ, Nikezic D, Patni HK, Santos DS, Tremblay M, Trivino S, Tymińska K. Monte Carlo calculation of organ and effective doses due to photon and neutron point sources and typical X-ray examinations: Results of an international intercomparison exercise. RADIAT MEAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2021.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Villagrasa C, Rabus H, Baiocco G, Perrot Y, Parisi A, Struelens L, Qiu R, Beuve M, Poignant F, Pietrzak M, Nettelbeck H. Intercomparison of micro- and nanodosimetry Monte Carlo simulations: An approach to assess the influence of different cross-sections for low-energy electrons on the dispersion of results. RADIAT MEAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2021.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
15
|
Parisi A, Olko P, Swakon J, Horwacik T, Jablonski H, Malinowski L, Nowak T, Struelens L, Vanhavere F. Microdosimetric characterization of a clinical proton therapy beam: comparison between simulated lineal energy distributions in spherical water targets and experimental measurements with a silicon detector. Phys Med Biol 2021; 67. [PMID: 34933289 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Treatment planning based on computer simulations were proposed to account for the increase in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton radiotherapy beams near to the edges of the irradiated volume. Since silicon detectors could be used to validate the results of these simulations, it is important to explore the limitations of this comparison. Approach Microdosimetric measurements with a MicroPlus Bridge V2 silicon detector (thickness = 10 µm) were performed along the Bragg peak of a clinical proton beam. The lineal energy distributions, the dose mean values, and the RBE calculated with a biological weighting function were compared with simulations with PHITS (microdosimetric target = 1 µm water sphere), and published clonogenic survival in vitro RBE data for the V79 cell line. The effect of the silicon-to-water conversion was also investigated by comparing three different methodologies (conversion based on a single value, novel bin-to-bin conversions based on SRIM and PSTAR). Main results Mainly due to differences in the microdosimetric targets, the experimental dose-mean lineal energy and RBE values at the distal edge were respectively up to 53% and 28% lower than the simulated ones. Furthermore, the methodology chosen for the silicon-to-water conversion was proven to affect the dose mean lineal energy and the RBE10 up to 32% and 11% respectively. The best methodology to compensate for this underestimation was the bin-to-bin silicon-to-water conversion based on PSTAR. Significance This work represents the first comparison between PHITS-simulated lineal energy distributions in water targets and corresponding experimental spectra measured with silicon detectors. Furthermore, the effect of the silicon-to-water conversion on the RBE was explored for the first time. The proposed methodology based on the PSTAR bin-to-bin conversion appears to provide superior results with respect to commonly used single scaling factors and is recommended for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Olko
- IFJ PAN, Walerego Eljasza Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Jan Swakon
- IFJ PAN, Walerego Eljasza Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Tomasz Horwacik
- IF PAN, Walerego Eljasza Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, Kraków, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Hubert Jablonski
- IFJ PAN, Walerego Eljasza Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Leszek Malinowski
- IFJ PAN, Walerego Eljasza Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- IFJ PAN, Walerego Eljasza Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tamborino G, De Saint-Hubert M, Struelens L, Nonnekens J, Konijnenberg M, De Jong M, Perrot Y, Villagrasa C. Modeling DNA damage induced by targeted radionuclide therapy. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
17
|
Tamborino G, Nonnekens J, De Saint-Hubert M, Struelens L, Feijtel D, de Jong M, Konijnenberg M. Dosimetric evaluation of receptor-heterogeneity on the therapeutic efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy: correlation with DNA damage induction and in vivo survival. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
18
|
Kayal G, Chauvin M, Struelens L, Bardiès M. Implementation of SPECT auto-contouring detector motion in GATE Monte Carlo simulation for 177Lu and 131I molecular radiotherapy (MRT) dosimetry. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
19
|
Kayal G, Chauvin M, Gil AV, Struelens L, Bardiès M. Generation of realistic patient-specific SPECT images with GATE Monte Carlo simulation for 177Lu dosimetry in molecular radiotherapy (MRT). Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
20
|
Živanović M, Vukanac I, Samac J, Antić V, Jeremić M, Janković D, Kandić A, Vargas CS, Struelens L, Ciraj-Bjelac O. Intercomparison and performance assessment of radionuclide calibrators used in nuclear medicine departments in Serbia. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 179:110013. [PMID: 34741955 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to assess accuracy and compare the performance of radionuclide calibrators (RNCs) used in nuclear medicine departments in Serbia. Testing of the RNCs included verification of measurement accuracy, as well as analysis of routinely used quality control protocols, by using the certified radioactivity standards (57Co, 137Cs). RNCs performances were assessed with 99mTc through comparison of reference value for radionuclide activity and RNC measurements. Results of the intercomparison revealed that RNCs, 15 in total, are accurate within 10% in vial geometry and within 15% in syringe geometry. Most of them showed similar performance. The results revealed that container geometry is an important influencing parameter in the accuracy of activity measurement. Obtained results indicate a need for regular calibration and implementation of Quality Control program in order to achieve and maintain the accuracy of activity measurements in nuclear medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Živanović
- "VINCA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Vukanac
- "VINCA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Samac
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia; University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Jeremić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Drina Janković
- "VINCA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Kandić
- "VINCA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Lara Struelens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Olivera Ciraj-Bjelac
- "VINCA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parisi A, Struelens L, Vanhavere F. Comparison between the results of a recently-developed biological weighting function (V79-RBE 10BWF) and the in vitroclonogenic survival RBE 10of other repair-competent asynchronized normoxic mammalian cell lines and ions not used for the development of the model. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34710862 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
728 simulated microdosimetric lineal energy spectra (26 different ions between 1H and 238U, 28 energy points from 1 to 1000 MeV/n) were used in combination with a recently-developed biological weighting function (Parisi et al., 2020) and 571 published in vitro clonogenic survival curves in order to: 1) assess prediction intervals for the in silico results by deriving an empirical indication of the experimental uncertainty from the dispersion in the in vitro hamster lung fibroblast (V79) data used for the development of the biophysical model; 2) explore the possibility of modeling the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the 10% clonogenic survival of asynchronized normoxic repair-competent mammalian cell lines other than the one used for the development of the model (V79); 3) investigate the predictive power of the model through a comparison between in silico results and in vitro data for 10 ions not used for the development of the model. At first, different strategies for the assessment of the in silico prediction intervals were compared. The possible sources of uncertainty responsible for the dispersion in the in vitro data were also shortly reviewed. Secondly, also because of the relevant scatter in the in vitro data, no statistically-relevant differences were found between the RBE10 of the investigated different asynchronized normoxic repair-competent mammalian cell lines. The only exception (Chinese Hamster peritoneal fibroblasts, B14FAF28), is likely due to the limited dataset (all in vitro ion data were extracted from a single publication), systematic differences in the linear energy transfer (LET) calculations for the employed very-heavy ions, and the use of reference photon survival curves extracted from a different publication. Finally, the in silico predictions for the 10 ions not used for the model development were in good agreement with the corresponding in vitro data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Parisi
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration, Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgiun, Mol, 2400, BELGIUM
| | - Lara Struelens
- Radiation Protection, Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK.CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, BELGIUM
| | - Filip Vanhavere
- Institute of Advanced Nuclear Systems, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK.CEN, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Mol, BELGIUM
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tamborino G, Perrot Y, De Saint-Hubert M, Struelens L, Nonnekens J, de Jong M, Konijnenberg MW, Villagrasa C. Modeling early radiation DNA damage occurring during [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-[Tyr 3]octreotate radionuclide therapy. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:761-769. [PMID: 34503959 PMCID: PMC9051596 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to build a simulation framework to evaluate the number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by in vitro targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). This work represents the first step toward exploring underlying biologic mechanisms and the influence of physical and chemical parameters to enable a better response prediction in patients. We used this tool to characterize early DSB induction by 177Lu-DOTATATE, a commonly used TRT for neuroendocrine tumors. Methods: A multiscale approach was implemented to simulate the number of DSBs produced over 4 h by the cumulated decays of 177Lu distributed according to the somatostatin receptor binding. The approach involves 2 sequential simulations performed with Geant4/Geant4-DNA. The radioactive source is sampled according to uptake experiments on the distribution of activities within the medium and the planar cellular cluster, assuming instant and permanent internalization. A phase space is scored around the nucleus of the central cell. Then, the phase space is used to generate particles entering the nucleus containing a multiscale description of the DNA in order to score the number of DSBs per particle source. The final DSB computations are compared with experimental data, measured by immunofluorescent detection of p53-binding protein 1 foci. Results: The probability of electrons reaching the nucleus was significantly influenced by the shape of the cell compartment, causing a large variance in the induction pattern of DSBs. A significant difference was found in the DSBs induced by activity distributions in cell and medium, as is explained by the specific energy (z¯) distributions. The average number of simulated DSBs was 14 DSBs per cell (range, 7–24 DSBs per cell), compared with 13 DSBs per cell (range, 2–30 DSBs per cell) experimentally determined. We found a linear correlation between the mean absorbed dose to the nucleus and the number of DSBs per cell: 0.014 DSBs per cell mGy−1 for internalization in the Golgi apparatus and 0.017 DSBs per cell mGy−1 for internalization in the cytoplasm. Conclusion: This simulation tool can lead to a more reliable absorbed-dose–to–DNA correlation and help in prediction of biologic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yann Perrot
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, France
| | | | - Lara Struelens
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zankl M, Eakins J, Gómez Ros JM, Huet C, Jansen J, Moraleda M, Reichelt U, Struelens L, Vrba T. EURADOS intercomparison on the usage of the ICRP/ICRU adult reference computational phantoms. RADIAT MEAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2021.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Tamborino G, Nonnekens J, De Saint-Hubert M, Struelens L, Feijtel D, de Jong M, Konijnenberg MW. Dosimetric evaluation of receptor-heterogeneity on the therapeutic efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy: correlation with DNA damage induction and in vivo survival. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:100-107. [PMID: 33837068 PMCID: PMC8717202 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our rationale was to build a refined dosimetry model for 177Lu-DOTATATE in vivo experiments enabling the correlation of absorbed dose with double-strand break (DSB) induction and cell death. Methods: Somatostatin receptor type 2 expression of NCI-H69 xenografted mice, injected with 177Lu-DOTATATE, was imaged at 0, 2, 5, and 11 d. This expression was used as input to reconstruct realistic 3-dimensional heterogeneous activity distributions and tissue geometries of both cancer and heathy cells. The resulting volumetric absorbed dose rate distributions were calculated using the GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) Monte Carlo code and compared with homogeneous dose rate distributions. The absorbed dose (0–2 d) on micrometer-scale sections was correlated with DSB induction, measured by γH2AX foci. Moreover, the absorbed dose on larger millimeter-scale sections delivered over the whole treatment (0–14 d) was correlated to the modeled in vivo survival to determine the radiosensitivity parameters α and β for comparison with experimental data (cell death assay, volume response) and external-beam radiotherapy. The DNA-damage repair half-life Tμ and proliferation doubling time TD were obtained by fitting the DSB and tumor volume data over time. Results: A linear correlation with a slope of 0.0223 DSB/cell mGy−1 between the absorbed dose and the number of DSBs per cell has been established. The heterogeneous dose distributions differed significantly from the homogeneous dose distributions, with their corresponding average S values diverging at 11 d by up to 58%. No significant difference between modeled in vivo survival was observed in the first 5 d when using heterogeneous and uniform dose distributions. The radiosensitivity parameter analysis for the in vivo survival correlation indicated that the minimal effective dose rates for cell kill was 13.72 and 7.40 mGy/h, with an α of 0.14 and 0.264 Gy−1, respectively, and an α/β of 100 Gy; decreasing the α/β led to a decrease in the minimal effective dose rate for cell kill. Within the linear quadratic model, the best matching in vivo survival correlation (α = 0.1 Gy−1, α/β = 100 Gy, Tμ = 60 h, TD = 14.5 d) indicated a relative biological effectiveness of 0.4 in comparison to external-beam radiotherapy. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that accurate dosimetric modeling is crucial to establishing dose–response correlations enabling optimization of treatment protocols.
Collapse
|
25
|
Rabus H, Gómez-Ros JM, Villagrasa C, Eakins J, Vrba T, Blideanu V, Zankl M, Tanner R, Struelens L, Brkić H, Domingo C, Baiocco G, Caccia B, Huet C, Ferrari P. Quality assurance for the use of computational methods in dosimetry: activities of EURADOS Working Group 6 'Computational Dosimetry'. J Radiol Prot 2021; 41:46-58. [PMID: 33406511 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abd914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Working Group (WG) 6 'Computational Dosimetry' of the European Radiation Dosimetry Group promotes good practice in the application of computational methods for radiation dosimetry in radiation protection and the medical use of ionising radiation. Its cross-sectional activities within the association cover a large range of current topics in radiation dosimetry, including more fundamental studies of radiation effects in complex systems. In addition, WG 6 also performs scientific research and development as well as knowledge transfer activities, such as training courses. Monte Carlo techniques, including the use of anthropomorphic and other numerical phantoms based on voxelised geometrical models, play a strong part in the activities pursued in WG 6. However, other aspects and techniques, such as neutron spectra unfolding, have an important role as well. A number of intercomparison exercises have been carried out in the past to provide information on the accuracy with which computational methods are applied and whether best practice is being followed. Within the exercises that are still ongoing, the focus has changed towards assessing the uncertainty that can be achieved with these computational methods. Furthermore, the future strategy of WG 6 also includes an extension of the scope toward experimental benchmark activities and evaluation of cross-sections and algorithms, with the vision of establishing a gold standard for Monte Carlo methods used in medical and radiobiological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - J M Gómez-Ros
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Villagrasa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - J Eakins
- Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - T Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Blideanu
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Saclay, France
| | - M Zankl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - L Struelens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - H Brkić
- J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek (MEFOS), Osijek, Croatia
| | - C Domingo
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Baiocco
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Caccia
- National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - C Huet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - P Ferrari
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ainsbury EA, Dalke C, Hamada N, Benadjaoud MA, Chumak V, Ginjaume M, Kok JL, Mancuso M, Sabatier L, Struelens L, Thariat J, Jourdain JR. Radiation-induced lens opacities: Epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence, methodological issues, research gaps and strategy. Environ Int 2021; 146:106213. [PMID: 33276315 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended reducing the occupational equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye from 150 mSv/year to 20 mSv/year, averaged over five years, with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. With this recommendation, several important assumptions were made, such as lack of dose rate effect, classification of cataracts as a tissue reaction with a dose threshold at 0.5 Gy, and progression of minor opacities into vision-impairing cataracts. However, although new dose thresholds and occupational dose limits have been set for radiation-induced cataract, ICRP clearly states that the recommendations are chiefly based on epidemiological evidence because there are a very small number of studies that provide explicit biological and mechanistic evidence at doses under 2 Gy. Since the release of the 2011 ICRP statement, the Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI) supported in April 2019 a scientific workshop that aimed to review epidemiological, clinical and biological evidence for radiation-induced cataracts. The purpose of this article is to present and discuss recent related epidemiological and clinical studies, ophthalmic examination techniques, biological and mechanistic knowledge, and to identify research gaps, towards the implementation of a research strategy for future studies on radiation-induced lens opacities. The authors recommend particularly to study the effect of ionizing radiation on the lens in the context of the wider, systemic effects, including in the retina, brain and other organs, and as such cataract is recommended to be studied as part of larger scale programs focused on multiple radiation health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Public Health England (PHE) Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Oxon, United Kingdom.
| | - Claudia Dalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Germany.
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), BP 17, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Vadim Chumak
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Ukraine.
| | | | - Judith L Kok
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Saclay, France.
| | | | - Juliette Thariat
- Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire IN2P3/ENSICAEN -UMR6534 - Unicaen - Normandie University, France
| | - Jean-René Jourdain
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), BP 17, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rodríguez Pérez S, Coolen J, Marshall NW, Cockmartin L, Biebaû C, Desmet J, De Wever W, Struelens L, Bosmans H. Methodology to create 3D models of COVID-19 pathologies for virtual clinical trials. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2021; 8:013501. [PMID: 33447646 PMCID: PMC7791575 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.8.s1.013501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We describe the creation of computational models of lung pathologies indicative of COVID-19 disease. The models are intended for use in virtual clinical trials (VCT) for task-specific optimization of chest x-ray (CXR) imaging. Approach: Images of COVID-19 patients confirmed by computed tomography were used to segment areas of increased attenuation in the lungs, all compatible with ground glass opacities and consolidations. Using a modeling methodology, the segmented pathologies were converted to polygonal meshes and adapted to fit the lungs of a previously developed polygonal mesh thorax phantom. The models were then voxelized with a resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm 3 and used as input in a simulation framework to generate radiographic images. Primary projections were generated via ray tracing while the Monte Carlo transport code was used for the scattered radiation. Realistic sharpness and noise characteristics were also simulated, followed by clinical image processing. Example images generated at 120 kVp were used for the validation of the models in a reader study. Additionally, images were uploaded to an Artificial Intelligence (AI) software for the detection of COVID-19. Results: Nine models of COVID-19 associated pathologies were created, covering a range of disease severity. The realism of the models was confirmed by experienced radiologists and by dedicated AI software. Conclusions: A methodology has been developed for the rapid generation of realistic 3D models of a large range of COVID-19 pathologies. The modeling framework can be used as the basis for VCTs for testing detection and triaging of COVID-19 suspected cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunay Rodríguez Pérez
- KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
- SCK CEN, Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration, Mol, Belgium
| | - Johan Coolen
- KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas W. Marshall
- KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jeroen Desmet
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter De Wever
- KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lara Struelens
- SCK CEN, Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration, Mol, Belgium
| | - Hilde Bosmans
- KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Parisi A, Sato T, Matsuya Y, Kase Y, Magrin G, Verona C, Tran L, Rosenfeld A, Bianchi A, Olko P, Struelens L, Vanhavere F. Development of a new microdosimetric biological weighting function for the RBE 10 assessment in case of the V79 cell line exposed to ions from 1H to 238U. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:235010. [PMID: 33274727 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abbf96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An improved biological weighting function (IBWF) is proposed to phenomenologically relate microdosimetric lineal energy probability density distributions with the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the in vitro clonogenic cell survival (surviving fraction = 10%) of the most commonly used mammalian cell line, i.e. the Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79). The IBWF, intended as a simple and robust tool for a fast RBE assessment to compare different exposure conditions in particle therapy beams, was determined through an iterative global-fitting process aimed to minimize the average relative deviation between RBE calculations and literature in vitro data in case of exposure to various types of ions from 1H to 238U. By using a single particle- and energy- independent function, it was possible to establish an univocal correlation between lineal energy and clonogenic cell survival for particles spanning over an unrestricted linear energy transfer range of almost five orders of magnitude (0.2 keV µm-1 to 15 000 keV µm-1 in liquid water). The average deviation between IBWF-derived RBE values and the published in vitro data was ∼14%. The IBWF results were also compared with corresponding calculations (in vitro RBE10 for the V79 cell line) performed using the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (modified MKM). Furthermore, RBE values computed with the reference biological weighting function (BWF) for the in vivo early intestine tolerance in mice were included for comparison and to further explore potential correlations between the BWF results and the in vitro RBE as reported in previous studies. The results suggest that the modified MKM possess limitations in reproducing the experimental in vitro RBE10 for the V79 cell line in case of ions heavier than 20Ne. Furthermore, due to the different modelled endpoint, marked deviations were found between the RBE values assessed using the reference BWF and the IBWF for ions heavier than 2H. Finally, the IBWF was unchangingly applied to calculate RBE values by processing lineal energy density distributions experimentally measured with eight different microdosimeters in 19 1H and 12C beams at ten different facilities (eight clinical and two research ones). Despite the differences between the detectors, irradiation facilities, beam profiles (pristine or spread out Bragg peak), maximum beam energy, beam delivery (passive or active scanning), energy degradation system (water, PMMA, polyamide or low-density polyethylene), the obtained IBWF-based RBE trends were found to be in good agreement with the corresponding ones in case of computer-simulated microdosimetric spectra (average relative deviation equal to 0.8% and 5.7% for 1H and 12C ions respectively).
Collapse
|
29
|
F. Nascimento L, Verellen D, Goossens J, Struelens L, Vanhavere F, Leblans P, Akselrod M. Two-dimensional real-time quality assurance dosimetry system using μ-Al 2O 3:C,Mg radioluminescence films. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 2020; 16:26-32. [PMID: 33458340 PMCID: PMC7807545 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is a continual need for more accurate and effective dosimetric systems for quality assurance (QA) as radiotherapy evolves in complexity. The purpose of this project was to introduce a new system that minimally perturbs the main beam, while assessing its real time 2D dose-rate and field shapes. The system combined reusability, linear dose-rate response, and high spatial and time resolution in a single radiation detection technology that can be applied to surface dose estimation and QA. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a 2D prototype system consisting of a camera, focusing lenses and short pass filter, placed on the head of a linear accelerator, facing an Al2O3:C,Mg radioluminescent film. To check the appropriateness of multi-leaf collimator, stability/reproducibility QA tests were prepared using the treatment planning system: including the routinely used alternating leaves, chair and pyramid checks. RESULTS The Al2O3:C,Mg film did not perturb the dose vs. depth dose curves determined with a point detector (-0.5% difference). Our results showed a dose-rate linear film response (R2 = 0.999), from 5 to 600 MU/min. Measured output factors agreed with reference data within ~1%, indicating a potential for small field dosimetry. Both chair and pyramid measured profiles were comparable with those obtained with the treatment planning system within 1%. The alternating leaves test showed an average discrepancy in the valleys of 14%. CONCLUSIONS The prototype demonstrated promising results. It obviated the need for corrections regarding the relative position of the camera, confirming accurate dose-rate delivery and detection of radiation fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Verellen
- Iridium Kankernetwerk, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jo Goossens
- Iridium Kankernetwerk, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Mark Akselrod
- Landauer, Stillwater Crystal Growth Division, Stillwater, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bianchi A, Selva A, Colautti P, Bortot D, Mazzucconi D, Pola A, Agosteo S, Petringa G, Cirrone G, Reniers B, Parisi A, Struelens L, Vanhavere F, Conte V. Microdosimetry with a sealed mini-TEPC and a silicon telescope at a clinical proton SOBP of CATANA. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Castillo Seoane D, de Saint-Hubert M, Crabbe M, Struelens L, Koole M. Targeted alpha therapy: a critical review of translational dosimetry research with emphasis on actinium-225. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 64:265-277. [PMID: 32441067 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a general overview of the current achievements and challenges in translational dosimetry for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). The concept of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is described with an overview of its clinical applicability and the added value of TAT is discussed. For TAT, we focused on actinium-225 (225Ac) as an example for alpha particle emitting radionuclides and their features, such as limited range within tissue and high linear energy transfer, which make alpha particle emissions more effective in targeted killing of tumour cells compared to beta radiation. Starting with the state-of-the-art dosimetry for TRNT and TAT, we then describe the challenges that still need to be met in order to move to a personalized dosimetry approach for TAT. Specifically for 225Ac, we discuss the recoiled daughter effect which may provoke significant damage to healthy tissue or organs and should be considered. Next, a broad overview is given of the pre-clinical research on 225Ac-TAT with an extensive description of tools which are only available in a pre-clinical setting and their added value. In addition, we review the preclinical biodistribution and dosimetry studies that have been performed on TAT-agents and more specifically of 225Ac and its multiple progeny, and describe their potential role to better characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of TAT-agents and to optimize the use of theranostic approaches for dosimetry. Finally, we discuss the support pre-clinical studies may provide in understanding dose-effect relationships, linking radiation dose quantities to biological endpoints and even moving away from macro- to microdosimetry. As such, the translation of pre-clinical findings may provide valuable information and new approaches for improved clinical dosimetry, thus paving the way to personalized TAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Castillo Seoane
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium - .,Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium -
| | - Marijke de Saint-Hubert
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Melissa Crabbe
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Lara Struelens
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chauvin M, Borys D, Botta F, Bzowski P, Dabin J, Denis-Bacelar AM, Desbrée A, Falzone N, Lee BQ, Mairani A, Malaroda A, Mathieu G, McKay E, Mora-Ramirez E, Robinson AP, Sarrut D, Struelens L, Gil AV, Bardiès M. OpenDose: Open-Access Resource for Nuclear Medicine Dosimetry. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1514-1519. [PMID: 32169912 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.240366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceutical dosimetry depends on the localization in space and time of radioactive sources and requires the estimation of the amount of energy emitted by the sources deposited within targets. In particular, when computing resources are not accessible, this task can be performed using precomputed tables of specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) or S values based on dosimetric models. The aim of the OpenDose collaboration is to generate and make freely available a range of dosimetric data and tools. Methods: OpenDose brings together resources and expertise from 18 international teams to produce and compare traceable dosimetric data using 6 of the most popular Monte Carlo codes in radiation transport (EGSnrc/EGS++, FLUKA, GATE, Geant4, MCNP/MCNPX, and PENELOPE). SAFs are uploaded, together with their associated statistical uncertainties, in a relational database. S values are then calculated from monoenergetic SAFs on the basis of the radioisotope decay data presented in International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 107. Results: The OpenDose collaboration produced SAFs for all source region and target combinations of the 2 International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 110 adult reference models. SAFs computed from the different Monte Carlo codes were in good agreement at all energies, with SDs below individual statistical uncertainties. Calculated S values were in good agreement with OLINDA/EXM 2.0 (commercial) and IDAC-Dose 2.1 (free) software. A dedicated website (www.opendose.org) has been developed to provide easy and open access to all data. Conclusion: The OpenDose website allows the display and downloading of SAFs and the corresponding S values for 1,252 radionuclides. The OpenDose collaboration, open to new research teams, will extend data production to other dosimetric models and implement new free features, such as online dosimetric tools and patient-specific absorbed dose calculation software, together with educational resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Chauvin
- CRCT, UMR 1037, Inserm, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Damian Borys
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Francesca Botta
- Medical Physics Unit, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pawel Bzowski
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jérémie Dabin
- SCK-CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Aurélie Desbrée
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nadia Falzone
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United, Kingdom.,GenesisCare, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Boon Quan Lee
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United, Kingdom.,GenesisCare, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Mairani
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Physics, National Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Malaroda
- School of Physics and CMRP, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Theranostic and Nuclear Medicine Department, St. Vincent's Public Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gilles Mathieu
- Département du Système d'Information, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Erin McKay
- St. George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erick Mora-Ramirez
- CRCT, UMR 1037, Inserm, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CICANUM, Escuela de Física, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Andrew P Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom.,Schuster Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alex Vergara Gil
- CRCT, UMR 1037, Inserm, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Manuel Bardiès
- CRCT, UMR 1037, Inserm, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tamborino G, De Saint-Hubert M, Struelens L, Seoane DC, Ruigrok EAM, Aerts A, van Cappellen WA, de Jong M, Konijnenberg MW, Nonnekens J. Cellular dosimetry of [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-[Tyr 3]octreotate radionuclide therapy: the impact of modeling assumptions on the correlation with in vitro cytotoxicity. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:8. [PMID: 32040783 PMCID: PMC7010903 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-0276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survival and linear-quadratic model fitting parameters implemented in treatment planning for targeted radionuclide therapy depend on accurate cellular dosimetry. Therefore, we have built a refined cellular dosimetry model for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-[Tyr3]octreotate (177Lu-DOTATATE) in vitro experiments, accounting for specific cell morphologies and sub-cellular radioactivity distributions. Methods Time activity curves were measured and modeled for medium, membrane-bound, and internalized activity fractions over 6 days. Clonogenic survival assays were performed at various added activities (0.1–2.5 MBq/ml). 3D microscopy images (stained for cytoplasm, nucleus, and Golgi) were used as reference for developing polygonal meshes (PM) in 3DsMax to accurately render the cellular and organelle geometry. Absorbed doses to the nucleus per decay (S values) were calculated for 3 cellular morphologies: spheres (MIRDcell), truncated cone-shaped constructive solid geometry (CSG within MCNP6.1), and realistic PM models, using Geant4-10.03. The geometrical set-up of the clonogenic survival assays was modeled, including dynamic changes in proliferation, proximity variations, and cell death. The absorbed dose to the nucleus by the radioactive source cell (self-dose) and surrounding source cells (cross-dose) was calculated applying the MIRD formalism. Finally, the correlation between absorbed dose and survival fraction was fitted using a linear dose-response curve (high α/β or fast sub-lethal damage repair half-life) for different assumptions, related to cellular shape and localization of the internalized fraction of activity. Results The cross-dose, depending on cell proximity and colony formation, is a minor (15%) contributor to the total absorbed dose. Cellular volume (inverse exponential trend), shape modeling (up to 65%), and internalized source localization (up to + 149% comparing cytoplasm to Golgi) significantly influence the self-dose to nucleus. The absorbed dose delivered to the nucleus during a clonogenic survival assay is 3-fold higher with MIRDcell compared to the polygonal mesh structures. Our cellular dosimetry model indicates that 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment might be more effective than suggested by average spherical cell dosimetry, predicting a lower absorbed dose for the same cellular survival. Dose-rate effects and heterogeneous dose delivery might account for differences in dose-response compared to x-ray irradiation. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that modeling of cellular and organelle geometry is crucial to perform accurate in vitro dosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tamborino
- Research in Dosimetric Application, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lara Struelens
- Research in Dosimetric Application, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Dayana C Seoane
- Research in Dosimetric Application, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Eline A M Ruigrok
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark W Konijnenberg
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Nonnekens
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Parisi A, Olko P, Swakoń J, Horwacik T, Jabłoński H, Malinowski L, Nowak T, Struelens L, Vanhavere F. Modeling the radiation-induced cell death in a therapeutic proton beam using thermoluminescent detectors and radiation transport simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:015008. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab491f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
35
|
Kollaard RP, Carinou E, Ginjaume M, Struelens L. HOW TO ESTABLISH AN ADEQUATE SYSTEM FOR EYE LENS DOSE MONITORING: A PROPOSAL FOR TYPICAL WORKPLACES. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 185:296-302. [PMID: 30753644 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For years, the dose limit of 150 mSv for occupational exposure of the lens of the eye to ionising radiation was rarely exceeded, and the dose to the eye was only monitored occasionally. With the national implementation of the European Basic Safety Standards in 2018, this dose limit was reduced to 20 mSv and the Member States are expected to implement an adequate system for the monitoring of category A workers. Where the system for monitoring the whole body dose is settled in most countries, this is not the situation for the lens of the eye. This article presents a system for eye lens dose monitoring, based on the particle type, energy, angle of incidence and geometry of the radiation field and the use of protective measures. The system provides recommendations for the adequate operational quantity and dosemeter position for some of the most relevant workplaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Kollaard
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), PO Box 9034, 6800 ES Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - E Carinou
- Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE), PO Box 60092, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - M Ginjaume
- Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Struelens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol BE-2400, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bernier MO, Baysson H, Pearce MS, Moissonnier M, Cardis E, Hauptmann M, Struelens L, Dabin J, Johansen C, Journy N, Laurier D, Blettner M, Le Cornet L, Pokora R, Gradowska P, Meulepas JM, Kjaerheim K, Istad T, Olerud H, Sovik A, Bosch de Basea M, Thierry-Chef I, Kaijser M, Nordenskjöld A, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Harbron RW, Kesminiene A. Cohort Profile: the EPI-CT study: a European pooled epidemiological study to quantify the risk of radiation-induced cancer from paediatric CT. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:379-381g. [PMID: 30388267 PMCID: PMC6469297 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Odile Bernier
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Hélène Baysson
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Mark S Pearce
- Institute of Health & Society
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health ISGlobal, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Radiation Programme, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Struelens
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Department, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Jeremie Dabin
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Department, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Neige Journy
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucian Le Cornet
- Section of Environment and Radiation, IARC, Lyon, France
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Pokora
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrycja Gradowska
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Meulepas
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tore Istad
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway
| | - Hilde Olerud
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway
- Department of Physics, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aste Sovik
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway
| | | | - Isabelle Thierry-Chef
- Section of Environment and Radiation, IARC, Lyon, France
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health ISGlobal, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Radiation Programme, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Magnus Kaijser
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arvid Nordenskjöld
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Richard W Harbron
- Institute of Health & Society
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Struelens L, Covens P, Benadjaoud M, Auvinen A, Gianicolo E, Wegener A, Domienik J, Carinou E, Dragusin O, Teles P, Widmark A, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Andreassi MG, Padovani R. 69. The European epidemiological study (EURALOC) on radiation-induced lens opacities among interventional cardiologists. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
38
|
Silva EH, Struelens L, Covens P, Ueno S, Koguchi Y, Vanhavere F, Buls N. OPTIMIZATION OF A RADIOPHOTOLUMINESCENT GLASS DOSEMETER FOR OCCUPATIONAL EYE LENS DOSIMETRY IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY/CARDIOLOGY. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2018; 182:177-183. [PMID: 29584902 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hospital based workers that perform interventional radiology are at risk of reaching the eye lens dose limit of 20 mSv/y. These workers are exposed to the radiation scattered by the patient, which creates a complex field, with low radiation energy reaching the eyes of the medical staff from wide angles. Therefore, the dosemeter used in the assessment of the eye lens dose of interventional radiologists needs to respond accurately in such conditions. In this study, the angular response of a commercially available radiophotoluminescent glass dosemeter, GD-352M, was optimized via Monte Carlo simulations, aiming at its use as eye lens dosemeter in interventional radiology. The improved dosemeter was manufactured and then characterized in terms of Hp(3), the quantity recommended for eye lens dosimetry. Its response was compared to the IEC 62387:2012 requirements for Hp(3) and to requirements proposed specifically for eye lens dosemeters used in interventional radiology. The improved dosemeter meets the IEC 62387:2012 requirements for energy and angular response for Hp(3) and also shows good agreement with the more strict requisites proposed for eye lens dosemeters to be used in interventional radiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edilaine H Silva
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Universitair Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lara Struelens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Peter Covens
- Department of Radiation Protection, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Satoshi Ueno
- Oarai Reseach Center, Chiyoda Technol Corporation, 3681 Narita-cho, Oarai-machi, Higashiibaraki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koguchi
- Oarai Reseach Center, Chiyoda Technol Corporation, 3681 Narita-cho, Oarai-machi, Higashiibaraki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Filip Vanhavere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nico Buls
- Universitair Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Askounis P, Covens P, Dragusin O, Jacob S, Farah J, Gianicolo E, Padovani R, Teles P, Widmark A, Struelens L. Past and present work practices of European interventional cardiologists in the context of radiation protection of the eye lens-results of the EURALOC study. J Radiol Prot 2018; 38:934-950. [PMID: 29780037 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aac64b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates over five decades of work practices in interventional cardiology, with an emphasis on radiation protection. The analysis is based on data from more than 400 cardiologists from various European countries recruited for a EURALOC study and collected in the period from 2014 to 2016. Information on the types of procedures performed and their annual mean number, fluoroscopy time, access site choice, x-ray units and radiation protection means used was collected using an occupational questionnaire. Based on the specific European data, changes in each parameter have been analysed over decades, while country-specific data analysis has allowed us to determine the differences in local practices. In particular, based on the collected data, the typical workload of a European cardiologist working in a haemodynamic room and an electrophysiology room was specified for various types of procedures. The results showed that when working in a haemodynamic room, a transparent ceiling-suspended lead shield or lead glasses are necessary in order to remain below the recommended eye lens dose limit of 20 mSv. Moreover, the analysis revealed that new, more complex cardiac procedures such as chronic total occlusion, valvuloplasty and pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation ablation might contribute substantially to annual doses, although they are relatively rarely performed. The results revealed that considerable progress has been made in the use of radiation protection tools. While their use in electrophysiology procedures is not generic, the situation in haemodynamic procedures is rather encouraging, as ceiling-suspended shields are used in 90% of cases, while the combination of ceiling shield and lead glasses is noted in more than 40% of the procedures. However, we find that still 7% of haemodynamic procedures are performed without any radiation protection tools.
Collapse
|
40
|
Covens P, Dabin J, De Troyer O, Dragusin O, Maushagen J, Struelens L. Track, calculate and optimise eye lens doses of interventional cardiologists using mEyeDose and mEyeDose_X. J Radiol Prot 2018; 38:678-687. [PMID: 29488905 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aab2e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The European epidemiological study EURALOC aimed to establish a dose response relationship for low dose radiation induced eye lens opacities using interventional cardiologists as the study group. Within the EURALOC project, two dosimetry methodologies were developed serving as the basis for cumulative eye lens dose assessment. Besides being the cornerstone of the epidemiological part of the project, these dosimetry methodologies were also used to develop two calculation tools, 'mEyeDose' and 'mEyeDose_X' which enable to track, calculate, optimise and analyse eye lens doses in interventional cardiology. mEyeDose was developed as a Mobile Web App and serves as a readily accessible, highly didactic educational tool for interventional cardiologists whereas the user-friendly desktop application mEyeDose_X is designed for radiation protection professionals. Both tools are freely available and can be used for a wide range of purposes such as optimisation of working practices, calculation of cumulative eye lens doses or risk assessment prior to routine eye lens dose monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Covens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel VUB, Department of Radiation Protection, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lombardo PA, Vanhavere F, Lebacq AL, Struelens L, Bogaerts R. Development and Validation of the Realistic Anthropomorphic Flexible (RAF) Phantom. Health Phys 2018; 114:486-499. [PMID: 29578897 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Voxel phantoms developed by segmenting computed tomography images are known to be more anatomically accurate than mathematical phantoms. However, due to their lack of flexibility and the complexity of voxel datasets, the use of voxel phantoms in dosimetry is often impractical. This paper describes the development of the realistic anthropomorphic flexible (RAF) polygonal mesh phantom, a novel phantom based on Boundary Representation (B-Rep) that merges anatomical accuracy and flexibility. Rather than using segmentation of tomography images, the modeling of the phantom's organs was based on freely and commercially available anatomical atlases, ICRP 89, and recent medical literature. To validate the phantom, a high-resolution voxel version was created for the MCNPx transport code. The voxelized RAF phantom was validated by comparing it with the ICRP 110 male phantom for external irradiations with parallel beams of photons and electrons. Dose coefficients obtained from simulations with the RAF phantom were compared with those from ICRP Publication 116. Relevant differences in organ doses were found.
Collapse
|
42
|
Struelens L, Dabin J, Carinou E, Askounis P, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Berus D, Padovani R, Farah J, Covens P. Radiation-Induced Lens Opacities among Interventional Cardiologists: Retrospective Assessment of Cumulative Eye Lens Doses. Radiat Res 2018; 189:399-408. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14970.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Struelens
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Belgium
| | - J. Dabin
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Belgium
| | - E. Carinou
- Dosimetry and Calibration Department, Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE), Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - P. Askounis
- Dosimetry and Calibration Department, Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE), Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - O. Ciraj-Bjelac
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J. Domienik-Andrzejewska
- Radiation Protection Department, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), 91-348 Lodz, Poland
| | - D. Berus
- Department of Radiation Protection, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R. Padovani
- Department of Medical Physics, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - P. Covens
- Department of Radiation Protection, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rodríguez Pérez S, Marshall NW, Struelens L, Bosmans H. Characterization and validation of the thorax phantom Lungman for dose assessment in chest radiography optimization studies. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2018; 5:013504. [PMID: 29430474 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.5.1.013504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work concerns the validation of the Kyoto-Kagaku thorax anthropomorphic phantom Lungman for use in chest radiography optimization. The equivalence in terms of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was established for the lung and mediastinum regions of the phantom. Patient chest examination data acquired under automatic exposure control were collated over a 2-year period for a standard x-ray room. Parameters surveyed included exposure index, air kerma area product, and exposure time, which were compared with Lungman values. Finally, a voxel model was developed by segmenting computed tomography images of the phantom and implemented in PENELOPE/penEasy Monte Carlo code to compare phantom tissue-equivalent materials with materials from ICRP Publication 89 in terms of organ dose. PMMA equivalence varied depending on tube voltage, from 9.5 to 10.0 cm and from 13.5 to 13.7 cm, for the lungs and mediastinum regions, respectively. For the survey, close agreement was found between the phantom and the patients' median values (deviations lay between 8% and 14%). Differences in lung doses, an important organ for optimization in chest radiography, were below 13% when comparing the use of phantom tissue-equivalent materials versus ICRP materials. The study confirms the value of the Lungman for chest optimization studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunay Rodríguez Pérez
- SCK CEN, Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration, Mol, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Lara Struelens
- SCK CEN, Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration, Mol, Belgium
| | - Hilde Bosmans
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Honorio da Silva E, Vanhavere F, Struelens L, Covens P, Buls N. Effect of protective devices on the radiation dose received by the brains of interventional cardiologists. EUROINTERVENTION 2018; 13:e1778-e1784. [DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-17-00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
45
|
Saldarriaga Vargas C, Struelens L, Vanhavere F. THE CHALLENGES IN THE ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECTIVE DOSE WHEN WEARING RADIOPROTECTIVE GARMENTS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2018; 178:101-111. [PMID: 28985413 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a single or double dosimetry (SD or DD) algorithm on estimating effective dose wearing radioprotective garments (ERPG) depends on the specific irradiation conditions. This study investigates the photon energies and angles of incidence for which the estimation of ERPG with the personal dose equivalents measured over and under the RPG (Ho and Hu) becomes more challenging. The energy and angular dependences of ERPG, Ho and Hu were Monte Carlo calculated for photon exposures. The personal dosimeter of SCK · CEN was modeled and used to determine Ho and Hu. Different SD and DD algorithms were tested and critical exposure conditions were identified. Moreover, the influence of calibration methods was investigated for the SCK · CEN dosimeter when worn over RPG. We found that the accuracy with which ERPG is calculated using SD and DD is strongly dependent on the energy and angle of incidence of photons. Also, the energy of the photon beam used to calibrate the Ho dosimeter can bias the estimation of ERPG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - L Struelens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK · CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - F Vanhavere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK · CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Saldarriaga Vargas C, Rodríguez Pérez S, Baete K, Pommé S, Paepen J, Van Ammel R, Struelens L. Intercomparison of 99m Tc, 18 F and 111 In activity measurements with radionuclide calibrators in Belgian hospitals. Phys Med 2018; 45:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
47
|
Vargas CS, Struelens L, Vanhavere F. Abstract ID: 73 Design of a personal dosimeter for estimating the effective dose of medical staff when wearing radioprotective garments using Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
48
|
Chauvin M, Borys D, Botta F, Bzowski P, Coca Pérez MA, Cremonesi M, Dabin J, Denis-Bacelar AM, Desbrée A, Bitar ZE, Falzone N, Ferrer L, Franck D, Lanconelli N, Mairani A, Malaroda A, Matusik K, McKay E, Pacilio M, Pieter J, Robinson AP, Rodríguez JL, Struelens L, Torres Aroches LA, Gil AV, Bardiès M. Abstract ID: 155 OpenDose: A collaborative effort to produce reference dosimetric data with Monte Carlo simulation software. Phys Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
49
|
De Saint-Hubert M, Verellen D, Poels K, Crijns W, Magliona F, Depuydt T, Vanhavere F, Struelens L. Out-of-field doses from pediatric craniospinal irradiations using 3D-CRT, IMRT, helical tomotherapy and electron-based therapy. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:5293-5311. [PMID: 28398210 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa6c9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma treatment involves irradiation of the entire central nervous system, i.e. craniospinal irradiation (CSI). This is associated with the significant exposure of large volumes of healthy tissue and there is growing concern regarding treatment-associated side effects. The current study compares out-of-field organ doses in children receiving CSI through 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), helical tomotherapy (HT) and an electron-based technique, and includes radiation doses resulting from imaging performed during treatment. An extensive phantom study is performed, using an anthropomorphic phantom corresponding to a five year old child, in which organ absorbed doses are measured using thermoluminescent detectors. Additionally, the study evaluates and explores tools for calculating out-of-field patient doses using the treatment planning system (TPS) and analytical models. In our study, 3D-CRT resulted in very high doses to a limited number of organs, while it was able to spare organs such as the lungs and breast when compared to IMRT and HT. Both IMRT and HT spread the dose over more organs and were able to spare the heart, thyroid, bladder, uterus and testes when compared to 3D-CRT. The electron-based technique considerably decreased the out-of-field doses in deep-seated organs but could not avoid nearby out-of-field organs such as the lungs, ribs, adrenals, kidneys and uterus. The daily imaging dose is small compared to the treatment dose burden. The TPS error for out-of-field doses was most pronounced for organs further away from the target; nevertheless, no systematic underestimation was observed for any of the studied TPS systems. Finally, analytical modeling was most optimal for 3D-CRT although the number of organs that could be modeled was limited. To conclude, none of the techniques studied was capable of sparing all organs from out-of-field doses. Nevertheless, the electron-based technique showed the most promise for out-of-field organ dose reduction during CSI when compared to photon techniques.
Collapse
|
50
|
Salvagnini E, Bosmans H, Van Ongeval C, Van Steen A, Michielsen K, Cockmartin L, Struelens L, Marshall NW. Impact of compressed breast thickness and dose on lesion detectability in digital mammography: FROC study with simulated lesions in real mammograms. Med Phys 2017; 43:5104. [PMID: 27587041 DOI: 10.1118/1.4960630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was twofold: (1) to examine whether, with standard automatic exposure control (AEC) settings that maintain pixel values in the detector constant, lesion detectability in clinical images decreases as a function of breast thickness and (2) to verify whether a new AEC setup can increase lesion detectability at larger breast thicknesses. METHODS Screening patient images, acquired on two identical digital mammography systems, were collected over a period of 2 yr. Mammograms were acquired under standard AEC conditions (part 1) and subsequently with a new AEC setup (part 2), programmed to use the standard AEC settings for compressed breast thicknesses ≤49 mm, while a relative dose increase was applied above this thickness. The images were divided into four thickness groups: T1 ≤ 29 mm, T2 = 30-49 mm, T3 = 50-69 mm, and T4 ≥ 70 mm, with each thickness group containing 130 randomly selected craniocaudal lesion-free images. Two measures of density were obtained for every image: a BI-RADS score and a map of volumetric breast density created with a software application (VolparaDensity, Matakina, NZ). This information was used to select subsets of four images, containing one image from each thickness group, matched to a (global) BI-RADS score and containing a region with the same (local) volpara volumetric density value. One selected lesion (a microcalcification cluster or a mass) was simulated into each of the four images. This process was repeated so that, for a given thickness group, half the images contained a single lesion and half were lesion-free. The lesion templates created and inserted in groups T3 and T4 for the first part of the study were then inserted into the images of thickness groups T3 and T4 acquired with higher dose settings. Finally, all images were visualized using the ViewDEX software and scored by four radiologists performing a free search study. A statistical jackknife-alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis was applied. RESULTS For part 1, the alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic curves for the four readers were 0.80, 0.65, 0.55 and 0.56 in going from T1 to T4, indicating a decrease in detectability with increasing breast thickness. P-values and the 95% confidence interval showed no significant difference for the T3-T4 comparison (p = 0.78) while all the other differences were significant (p < 0.05). Separate analysis of microcalcification clusters presented the same results while for mass detection, the only significant difference came when comparing T1 to the other thickness groups. Comparing the scores of part 1 and part 2, results for the T3 group acquired with the new AEC setup and T3 group at standard AEC doses were significantly different (p = 0.0004), indicating improved detection. For this group a subanalysis for microcalcification detection gave the same results while no significant difference was found for mass detection. CONCLUSIONS These data using clinical images confirm results found in simple QA tests for many mammography systems that detectability falls as breast thickness increases. Results obtained with the AEC setup for constant detectability above 49 mm showed an increase in lesion detection with compressed breast thickness, bringing detectability of lesions to the same level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Salvagnini
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Radiology, KUL, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium and SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Hilde Bosmans
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Radiology, KUL, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium and Department of Radiology, Radiology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Chantal Van Ongeval
- Department of Radiology, Radiology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Andreas Van Steen
- Department of Radiology, Radiology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Koen Michielsen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KUL, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Lesley Cockmartin
- Department of Radiology, Radiology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | | | - Nicholas W Marshall
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Radiology, KUL, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium and Department of Radiology, Radiology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|