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Dreindl R, Bolsa‐Ferruz M, Fayos‐Sola R, Padilla Cabal F, Scheuchenpflug L, Elia A, Amico A, Carlino A, Stock M, Grevillot L. Commissioning and clinical implementation of an independent dose calculation system for scanned proton beams. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2024; 25:e14328. [PMID: 38553788 PMCID: PMC11087175 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental patient-specific QA (PSQA) is a time and resource-intensive process, with a poor sensitivity in detecting errors. Radiation therapy facilities aim to substitute it by means of independent dose calculation (IDC) in combination with a comprehensive beam delivery QA program. This paper reports on the commissioning of the IDC software tool myQA iON (IBA Dosimetry) for proton therapy and its clinical implementation at the MedAustron Ion Therapy Center. METHODS The IDC commissioning work included the validation of the beam model, the implementation and validation of clinical CT protocols, and the evaluation of patient treatment data. Dose difference maps, gamma index distributions, and pass rates (GPR) have been reviewed. The performance of the IDC tool has been assessed and clinical workflows, simulation settings, and GPR tolerances have been defined. RESULTS Beam model validation showed agreement of ranges within ± 0.2 mm, Bragg-Peak widths within ± 0.1 mm, and spot sizes at various air gaps within ± 5% compared to physical measurements. Simulated dose in 2D reference fields deviated by -0.3% ± 0.5%, while 3D dose distributions differed by 1.8% on average to measurements. Validation of the CT calibration resulted in systematic differences of 2.0% between IDC and experimental data for tissue like samples. GPRs of 99.4 ± 0.6% were found for head, head and neck, and pediatric CT protocols on a 2%/2 mm gamma criterion. GPRs for the adult abdomen protocol were at 98.9% on average with 3%/3 mm. Root causes of GPR outliers, for example, implants were identified and evaluated. CONCLUSION IDC has been successfully commissioned and integrated into the MedAustron clinical workflow for protons in 2021. IDC has been stepwise and safely substituting experimental PSQA since February 2021. The initial reduction of proton experimental PSQA was about 25% and reached up to 90% after 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Dreindl
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CenterWiener NeustadtAustria
| | | | - Rosa Fayos‐Sola
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CenterWiener NeustadtAustria
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation ProtectionHospital Universitario La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Fatima Padilla Cabal
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CenterWiener NeustadtAustria
- Division Medical Radiation PhysicsDepartment of Radiation OncologyMedical University of Vienna/AKH WienViennaAustria
| | - Lukas Scheuchenpflug
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CenterWiener NeustadtAustria
- Department of Isotope PhysicsFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alessio Elia
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CenterWiener NeustadtAustria
| | - Antonio Amico
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CenterWiener NeustadtAustria
- Medical Physics DepartmentVeneto Institute of Oncology IOV ‐ IRCCSPaduaItaly
| | | | - Markus Stock
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CenterWiener NeustadtAustria
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Rossi E, Russo S, Maestri D, Magro G, Mirandola A, Molinelli S, Vai A, Grevillot L, Bolsa-Ferruz M, Rossomme S, Ciocca M. Characterization of a flat-panel detector for 2D dosimetry in scanned proton and carbon ion beams. Phys Med 2023; 107:102561. [PMID: 36898300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To fully characterize the flat panel detector of the new Sphinx Compact device with scanned proton and carbon ion beams. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Sphinx Compact is designed for daily QA in particle therapy. We tested its repeatability and dose rate dependence as well as its proportionality with an increasing number of particles and potential quenching effect. Potential radiation damage was evaluated. Finally, we compared the spot characterization (position and profile FWHM) with our radiochromic EBT3 film baseline. RESULTS The detector showed a repeatability of 1.7% and 0.9% for single spots of protons and carbon ions, respectively, while for small scanned fields it was inferior to 0.2% for both particles. The response was independent from the dose rate (difference from nominal value < 1.5%). We observed an under-response due to quenching effect for both particles, mostly for carbon ions. No radiation damage effects were observed after two months of weekly use and approximately 1350 Gy delivered to the detector. Good agreement was found between the Sphinx and EBT3 films for the spot position (central-axis deviation within 1 mm). The spot size measured with the Sphinx was larger compared to films. For protons, the average and maximum differences over different energies were 0.4 mm (3%) and 1 mm (7%); for carbon ions they were 0.2 mm (4%) and 0.4 mm (6%). CONCLUSIONS Despite the quenching effect the Sphinx Compact fulfills the requirements needed for constancy checks and could represent a time-saving tool for daily QA in scanned particle beams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Davide Maestri
- Fondazione CNAO, Pavia, Italy; Ospedale Ca' Foncello, Treviso, Italy
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Grevillot L, Moreno JO, Fuchs H, Dreindl R, Elia A, Bolsa-Ferruz M, Stock M, Palmans H. Implementation of Sphinx/Lynx as daily QA equipment for scanned proton and carbon ion beams. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2023; 24:e13896. [PMID: 36704919 PMCID: PMC10113702 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Reporting on the first implementation of a proton dedicated commercial device (IBA Sphinx/Lynx) for daily Quality Assurance (QA) of scanned proton and carbon ion beams. METHODS Daily QA trendlines over more than 3 years for protons and more than 2 years for carbon ions have been acquired. Key daily QA parameters were reviewed, namely the spot size and position, beam range, Bragg peak width, coincidence (between beam and imaging system isocenters), homogeneity and dose. RESULTS The performance of the QA equipment for protons and carbon ions was evaluated. Daily QA trendlines allowed us to detect machine performance drifts and changes. The definition of tolerances and action levels is provided and compared with levels used in the literature. CONCLUSION The device has been successfully implemented for routine daily QA activities in a dual particle therapy facility for more than 2 years. It improved the efficiency of daily QA and provides a comprehensive QA process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hermann Fuchs
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Ralf Dreindl
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Alessio Elia
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | | | - Markus Stock
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,Department of Oncology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
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Sarrut D, Arbor N, Baudier T, Borys D, Etxebeste A, Fuchs H, Gajewski J, Grevillot L, Jan S, Kagadis GC, Kang HG, Kirov A, Kochebina O, Krzemien W, Lomax A, Papadimitroulas P, Pommranz C, Roncali E, Rucinski A, Winterhalter C, Maigne L. The OpenGATE ecosystem for Monte Carlo simulation in medical physics. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8c83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper reviews the ecosystem of GATE, an open-source Monte Carlo toolkit for medical physics. Based on the shoulders of Geant4, the principal modules (geometry, physics, scorers) are described with brief descriptions of some key concepts (Volume, Actors, Digitizer). The main source code repositories are detailed together with the automated compilation and tests processes (Continuous Integration). We then described how the OpenGATE collaboration managed the collaborative development of about one hundred developers during almost 20 years. The impact of GATE on medical physics and cancer research is then summarized, and examples of a few key applications are given. Finally, future development perspectives are indicated.
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Resch AF, Schafasand M, Lackner N, Niessen T, Beck S, Elia A, Boersma D, Grevillot L, Fossati P, Glimelius L, Stock M, Georg D, Carlino A. Technical note: Impact of beamline-specific particle energy spectra on clinical plans in carbon ion beam therapy. Med Phys 2022; 49:4092-4098. [PMID: 35416302 PMCID: PMC9321194 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Local Effect Model version one (LEM I) is applied clinically across Europe to quantify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon ion beams. It requires the full particle fluence spectrum differential in energy in each voxel as input parameter. Treatment planning systems (TPSs) use beamline-specific look-up tables generated with Monte Carlo (MC) codes. In this study, the changes in RBE weighted dose were quantified using different levels of details in the simulation or different MC codes. METHODS The particle fluence differential in energy was simulated with FLUKA and Geant4 at 500 depths in water in 1-mm steps for 58 initial carbon ion energies (between 120.0 and 402.8 MeV/u). A dedicated beam model was applied, including the full description of the Nozzle using GATE-RTionV1.0 (Geant4.10.03p03). In addition, two tables generated with FLUKA were compared. The starting points of the FLUKA simulations were phase space (PhS) files from, firstly, the Geant4 nozzle simulations, and secondly, a clinical beam model where an analytic approach was used to mimic the beamline. Treatment plans (TPs) were generated with RayStation 8B (RaySearch Laboratories AB, Sweden) for cubic targets in water and 10 clinical patient cases using the clinical beam model. Subsequently, the RBE weighted dose was re-computed using the two other fluence tables (FLUKA PhS or Geant4). RESULTS The fluence spectra of the primary and secondary particles simulated with Geant4 and FLUKA generally agreed well for the primary particles. Differences were mainly observed for the secondary particles. Interchanging the two energy spectra (FLUKA vs. GEANT4) to calculate the RBE weighted dose distributions resulted in average deviations of less than 1% in the entrance up to the end of the target region, with a maximum local deviation at the distal edge of the target. In the fragment tail, larger discrepancies of up to 5% on average were found for deep-seated targets. The patient and water phantom cases demonstrated similar results. CONCLUSION RBE weighted doses agreed well within all tested setups, confirming the clinical beam model provided by the TPS vendor. Furthermore, the results showed that the open source and generally available MC code Geant4 (in particular using GATE or GATE-RTion) can also be used to generate basic beam data required for RBE calculation in carbon ion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessio Elia
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CentreWiener NeustadtAustria
| | - David Boersma
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CentreWiener NeustadtAustria
- ACMITGmbHWiener NeustadtAustria
| | | | | | | | - Markus Stock
- MedAustron Ion Therapy CentreWiener NeustadtAustria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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6
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Grevillot L, Dreindl R, Fayos-Solà Capilla R, Elia A, Bolsa-Ferruz M, Gora J, Amico A, Padilla-Cabal F, Carlino A, Stock M. PH-0597 Commissioning and clinical implementation of myQAiON for proton independent dose calculation (IDC). Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bolsa-Ferruz M, Palmans H, Boersma D, Stock M, Grevillot L. Monte Carlo computation of 3D distributions of stopping power ratios in light ion beam therapy using GATE-RTion. Med Phys 2021; 48:2580-2591. [PMID: 33465819 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper presents a novel method for the calculation of three-dimensional (3D) Bragg-Gray water-to-detector stopping power ratio (sw,det ) distributions for proton and carbon ion beams. METHODS Contrary to previously published fluence-based calculations of the stopping power ratio, the sw,det calculation method used in this work is based on the specific way GATE/Geant4 scores the energy deposition. It only requires the use of the so-called DoseActor, as available in GATE, for the calculation of the sw,det at any point of a 3D dose distribution. The simulations are performed using GATE-RTion v1.0, a dedicated GATE release that was validated for the clinical use in light ion beam therapy. RESULTS The Bragg-Gray water-to-air stopping power ratio (sw,air ) was calculated for monoenergetic proton and carbon ion beams with the default stopping power data in GATE-RTion v1.0 and the new ICRU90 recommendation. The sw,air differences between the use of the default and the ICRU90 configuration were 0.6% and 5.4% at the physical range (R80 - 80% dose level in the distal dose fall-off) for a 70 MeV proton beam and a 120 MeV/u carbon ion beam, respectively. For protons, the sw,det results for lithium fluoride, silicon, gadolinium oxysulfide, and the active layer material of EBT2 (radiochromic film) were compared with the literature and a reasonable agreement was found. For a real patient treatment plan, the 3D distributions of sw,det in proton beams were calculated. CONCLUSIONS Our method was validated by comparison with available literature data. Its equivalence with Bragg-Gray cavity theory was demonstrated mathematically. The capability of GATE-RTion v1.0 for the sw,det calculation at any point of a 3D dose distribution for simple and complex proton and carbon ion plans was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bolsa-Ferruz
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, A-2700, Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, A-2700, Austria.,Medical Radiation Science, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - David Boersma
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, A-2700, Austria.,ACMIT Gmbh, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/1, Wiener Neustadt, A-2700, Austria
| | - Markus Stock
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, A-2700, Austria
| | - Loïc Grevillot
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, A-2700, Austria
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Fuchs H, Elia A, Resch AF, Kuess P, Lühr A, Vidal M, Grevillot L, Georg D. Computer-assisted beam modeling for particle therapy. Med Phys 2020; 48:841-851. [PMID: 33283910 PMCID: PMC7986420 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a computer‐driven and thus less user‐dependent method, allowing for a simple and straightforward generation of a Monte Carlo (MC) beam model of a scanned proton and carbon ion beam delivery system. Methods In a first step, experimental measurements were performed for proton and carbon ion energies in the available energy ranges. Data included depth dose profiles measured in water and spot sizes in air at various isocenter distances. Using an automated regularization‐based optimization process (AUTO‐BEAM), GATE/Geant4 beam models of the respective beam lines were generated. These were obtained sequentially by using least square weighting functions with and without regularization, to iteratively tune the beam parameters energy, energy spread, beam sigma, divergence, and emittance until a user‐defined agreement was reached. Based on the parameter tuning for a set of energies, a beam model was semi‐automatically generated. The resulting beam models were validated for all centers comparing to independent measurements of laterally integrated depth dose curves and spot sizes in air. For one representative center, three‐dimensional dose cubes were measured and compared to simulations. The method was applied on one research as well as four different clinical beam lines for proton and carbon ions of three different particle therapy centers using synchrotron or cyclotron accelerator systems: (a) MedAustron ion therapy center, (b) University Proton Therapy Dresden, and (c) Center Antoine Lacassagne Nice. Results Particle beam ranges in the MC beam models agreed on average within 0.2 mm compared to measurements for all energies and beam lines. Spot sizes in air (full‐width at half maximum) at all positions differed by less than 0.4% from the measurements. Dose calculation with the beam model for the clinical beam line at MedAustron agreed better than 1.7% in absolute dose for a representative clinical case treated with protons. For protons, beam model generation, including geometry creation, data conversion, and validation, was possible within three working days. The number of iterations required for the optimization process to converge, was found to be similar for all beam line geometries and particle types. Conclusion The presented method was demonstrated to work independently of the beam optics behavior of the different beam lines, particle types, and geometries. Furthermore, it is suitable for non‐expert users and requires only limited user interaction. Beam model validation for different beam lines based on different beam delivery systems, showed good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Fuchs
- Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Alessio Elia
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, 2700, Austria
| | - Andreas F Resch
- Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Peter Kuess
- Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Armin Lühr
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01309, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, 01309, Germany.,Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Marie Vidal
- Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, 06189, France
| | - Loïc Grevillot
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, 2700, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Winterhalter C, Taylor M, Boersma D, Elia A, Guatelli S, Mackay R, Kirkby K, Maigne L, Ivanchenko V, Resch AF, Sarrut D, Sitch P, Vidal M, Grevillot L, Aitkenhead A. Evaluation of GATE-RTion (GATE/Geant4) Monte Carlo simulation settings for proton pencil beam scanning quality assurance. Med Phys 2020; 47:5817-5828. [PMID: 32967037 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Geant4 is a multi-purpose Monte Carlo simulation tool for modeling particle transport in matter. It provides a wide range of settings, which the user may optimize for their specific application. This study investigates GATE/Geant4 parameter settings for proton pencil beam scanning therapy. METHODS GATE8.1/Geant4.10.3.p03 (matching the versions used in GATE-RTion1.0) simulations were performed with a set of prebuilt Geant4 physics lists (QGSP_BIC, QGSP_BIC_EMY, QGSP_BIC_EMZ, QGSP_BIC_HP_EMZ), using 0.1mm-10mm as production cuts on secondary particles (electrons, photons, positrons) and varying the maximum step size of protons (0.1mm, 1mm, none). The results of the simulations were compared to measurement data taken during clinical patient specific quality assurance at The Christie NHS Foundation Trust pencil beam scanning proton therapy facility. Additionally, the influence of simulation settings was quantified in a realistic patient anatomy based on computer tomography (CT) scans. RESULTS When comparing the different physics lists, only the results (ranges in water) obtained with QGSP_BIC (G4EMStandardPhysics_Option0) depend on the maximum step size. There is clinically negligible difference in the target region when using High Precision neutron models (HP) for dose calculations. The EMZ electromagnetic constructor provides a closer agreement (within 0.35 mm) to measured beam sizes in air, but yields up to 20% longer execution times compared to the EMY electromagnetic constructor (maximum beam size difference 0.79 mm). The impact of this on patient-specific quality assurance simulations is clinically negligible, with a 97% average 2%/2 mm gamma pass rate for both physics lists. However, when considering the CT-based patient model, dose deviations up to 2.4% are observed. Production cuts do not substantially influence dosimetric results in solid water, but lead to dose differences of up to 4.1% in the patient CT. Small (compared to voxel size) production cuts increase execution times by factors of 5 (solid water) and 2 (patient CT). CONCLUSIONS Taking both efficiency and dose accuracy into account and considering voxel sizes with 2 mm linear size, the authors recommend the following Geant4 settings to simulate patient specific quality assurance measurements: No step limiter on proton tracks; production cuts of 1 mm for electrons, photons and positrons (in the phantom and range-shifter) and 10 mm (world); best agreement to measurement data was found for QGSP_BIC_EMZ reference physics list at the cost of 20% increased execution times compared to QGSP_BIC_EMY. For simulations considering the patient CT model, the following settings are recommended: No step limiter on proton tracks; production cuts of 1 mm for electrons, photons and positrons (phantom/range-shifter) and 10 mm (world) if the goal is to achieve sufficient dosimetric accuracy to ensure that a plan is clinically safe; or 0.1 mm (phantom/range-shifter) and 1 mm (world) if higher dosimetric accuracy is needed (increasing execution times by a factor of 2); most accurate results expected for QGSP_BIC_EMZ reference physics list, at the cost of 10-20% increased execution times compared to QGSP_BIC_EMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Winterhalter
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Michael Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - David Boersma
- ACMIT Gmbh, Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2, Wiener Neustadt, A-2700, Austria.,EBG MedAustron GmbH, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, A-2700, Austria
| | - Alessio Elia
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, A-2700, Austria
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Centre For Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Ranald Mackay
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Karen Kirkby
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Lydia Maigne
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, UMR 6533 CNRS - University Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Vladimir Ivanchenko
- CERN, Geneva 23, 1211, Switzerland.,Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Andreas F Resch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - David Sarrut
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Sitch
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Marie Vidal
- Institut Méditerranéen de Protonthérapie - Centre Antoine Lacassagne - Fédération Claude Lalanne, Nice, 06200, France
| | - Loïc Grevillot
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt, A-2700, Austria
| | - Adam Aitkenhead
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
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Kuess P, Haupt S, Osorio J, Grevillot L, Fuchs H, Georg D, Palmans H. Characterization of the PTW-34089 type 147 mm diameter large-area ionization chamber for use in light-ion beams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:17NT02. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Grevillot L, Boersma DJ, Fuchs H, Aitkenhead A, Elia A, Bolsa M, Winterhalter C, Vidal M, Jan S, Pietrzyk U, Maigne L, Sarrut D. Technical Note: GATE‐RTion: a GATE/Geant4 release for clinical applications in scanned ion beam therapy. Med Phys 2020; 47:3675-3681. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Grevillot
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center Marie Curie‐Straße 5A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - D. J. Boersma
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center Marie Curie‐Straße 5A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
- ACMIT Gmbh Viktor‐Kaplan‐Straße 2/1A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - H Fuchs
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center Marie Curie‐Straße 5A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
- Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Department of Radiation Therapy Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - A. Aitkenhead
- Division of Cancer Sciences University of ManchesterManchester Cancer Research CentreThe Christie NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
| | - A. Elia
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center Marie Curie‐Straße 5A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - M. Bolsa
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center Marie Curie‐Straße 5A‐2700Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - C. Winterhalter
- Division of Cancer Sciences University of ManchesterThe Christie NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
| | - M. Vidal
- Centre Antoine LACASSAGNE Université Côte d’Azur – Fédération Claude Lalanne Nice France
| | - S. Jan
- UMR BioMaps CEACNRSInsermUniversité Paris‐Saclay 4 place du Général Leclerc91401Orsay France
| | | | - L. Maigne
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRS/IN2P3Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, UMR6533 4 avenue Blaise Pascal TSA 60026 CS60026 63178Aubière cedex France
| | - D. Sarrut
- Université de LyonCREATISCNRS UMR5220Inserm U1044INSA‐LyonUniversité Lyon 1 Lyon France
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Elia A, Resch AF, Carlino A, Böhlen TT, Fuchs H, Palmans H, Letellier V, Dreindl R, Osorio J, Stock M, Sarrut D, Grevillot L. A GATE/Geant4 beam model for the MedAustron non-isocentric proton treatment plans quality assurance. Phys Med 2020; 71:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Grevillot L, Osorio Moreno J, Letellier V, Dreindl R, Elia A, Fuchs H, Carlino A, Kragl G, Palmans H, Vatnitsky S, Stock M. Clinical implementation and commissioning of the MedAustron Particle Therapy Accelerator for non‐isocentric scanned proton beam treatments. Med Phys 2019; 47:380-392. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Grevillot
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | | | - Virgile Letellier
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Ralf Dreindl
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Alessio Elia
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Hermann Fuchs
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- Department of Radiation Therapy Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Antonio Carlino
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Gabriele Kragl
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- National Physical Laboratory Hampton Road TW11 0LW Teddington UK
| | | | - Markus Stock
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
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Carlino A, Böhlen T, Vatnitsky S, Grevillot L, Osorio J, Dreindl R, Palmans H, Stock M, Kragl G. Commissioning of pencil beam and Monte Carlo dose engines for non-isocentric treatments in scanned proton beam therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:17NT01. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Resch AF, Elia A, Fuchs H, Carlino A, Palmans H, Stock M, Georg D, Grevillot L. Evaluation of electromagnetic and nuclear scattering models in GATE/Geant4 for proton therapy. Med Phys 2019; 46:2444-2456. [PMID: 30870583 PMCID: PMC6850424 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The dose core of a proton pencil beam (PB) is enveloped by a low dose area reaching several centimeters off the central axis and containing a considerable amount of the dose. Adequate modeling of the different components of the PB profile is, therefore, required for accurate dose calculation. In this study, we experimentally validated one electromagnetic and two nuclear scattering models in GATE/Geant4 for dose calculation of proton beams in the therapeutic energy window (62–252 MeV) with and without range shifter (RaShi). Methods The multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) model was validated by lateral dose core profiles measured for five energies at up to four depths from beam plateau to Bragg peak region. Nuclear halo profiles of single PBs were evaluated for three (62.4, 148.2, and 252.7 MeV) and two (97.4 and 124.7 MeV) energies, without and with RaShi, respectively. The influence of the dose core and nuclear halo on field sizes varying from 2–20 cm was evaluated by means of output factors (OFs), namely frame factors (FFs) and field size factors (FSFs), to quantify the relative increase of dose when increasing the field size. Results The relative increase in the dose core width in the simulations deviated negligibly from measurements for depths until 80% of the beam range, but was overestimated by up to 0.2 mm in σ toward the end of range for all energies. The dose halo region of the lateral dose profile agreed well with measurements in the open beam configuration, but was notably overestimated in the deepest measurement plane of the highest energy or when the beam passed through the RaShi. The root‐mean‐square deviations (RMSDs) between the simulated and the measured FSFs were less than 1% at all depths, but were higher in the second half of the beam range as compared to the first half or when traversing the RaShi. The deviations in one of the two tested hadron physics lists originated mostly in elastic scattering. The RMSDs could be reduced by approximately a factor of two by exchanging the default elastic scattering cross sections for protons. Conclusions GATE/Geant4 agreed satisfyingly with most measured quantities. MCS was systematically overestimated toward the end of the beam range. Contributions from nuclear scattering were overestimated when the beam traversed the RaShi or at the depths close to the end of the beam range without RaShi. Both, field size effects and calculation uncertainties, increased when the beam traversed the RaShi. Measured field size effects were almost negligible for beams up to medium energy and were highest for the highest energy beam without RaShi, but vice versa when traversing the RaShi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Resch
- Division Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Radiotherapy, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessio Elia
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Centre/EBG MedAustron, Marie-Curie-Straße 5, 2700, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Hermann Fuchs
- Division Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Radiotherapy, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Carlino
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Centre/EBG MedAustron, Marie-Curie-Straße 5, 2700, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Centre/EBG MedAustron, Marie-Curie-Straße 5, 2700, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,Medical Radiation Science, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, TW11 0LW, Teddington, UK
| | - Markus Stock
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Centre/EBG MedAustron, Marie-Curie-Straße 5, 2700, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Division Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Radiotherapy, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loïc Grevillot
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Centre/EBG MedAustron, Marie-Curie-Straße 5, 2700, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
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Resch A, Carlino A, Fuchs H, Elia A, Stock M, Georg D, Grevillot L. EP-1805: Dose calculation accuracy of Gate/Geant4 on transverse dose profiles of proton pencil beams in water. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Fuchs H, Elia A, Resch A, Lee C, Grevillot L, Georg D. EP-1807: Impact of a medical treatment nozzle on beam optics: Experimental measurements and simulations. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stock M, Grevillot L, Kragl G, Ableitinger A, Palmans H, Osorio J, Böhlen T, Gora J, Hopfgartner J, Letellier V, Dreindl R, Fuchs H, Knäusl B, Carlino A, Utz A, Mumot M, Zechner A, Elia A, Vatnitsky S. 46. Medical commissioning of a Light Ion Beam Therapy facility: The MedAustron experience of starting up using innovative technology. Phys Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Grevillot L, Stock M, Palmans H, Osorio Moreno J, Letellier V, Dreindl R, Elia A, Fuchs H, Carlino A, Vatnitsky S. Implementation of dosimetry equipment and phantoms at the MedAustron light ion beam therapy facility. Med Phys 2017; 45:352-369. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Grevillot
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Markus Stock
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- National Physical Laboratory; Hampton Road TW11 0LW Teddington UK
| | | | - Virgile Letellier
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Ralf Dreindl
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Alessio Elia
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- Centre Léon Bérard; CREATIS, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1; 69007 Lyon France
| | - Hermann Fuchs
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Antonio Carlino
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- Department of Physics and Chemistry; University of Palermo; Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18 90128 Palermo Italy
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Grevillot L, Osorio J, Letellier V, Dreindl R, Elia A, Fuchs H, Carlino A, Vatnitsky S, Palmans H, Stock M. EP-1450: Implementation of dosimetry equipment and phantoms in clinical practice of light ion beam therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kragl G, Böhlen T, Carlino A, Grevillot L, Palmans H, Elia A, Knäusl B, Osorio J, Dreindl R, Hopfgartner J, Vatnitsky S, Stock M. EP-1556: Dosimetric commissioning of a TPS for a synchrotron-based proton PBS delivery system. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Elia A, Grevillot L, Carlino A, Böhlen T, Fuchs H, Stock M, Sarrut D. EP-1504: Monte Carlo modeling of non-isocentric proton pencil beam scanning treatments. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Grevillot L. 1. New technologies for light ion beam therapy facilities. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Grevillot L, Stock M, Vatnitsky S. Evaluation of beam delivery and ripple filter design for non-isocentric proton and carbon ion therapy. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:7985-8005. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/20/7985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Ion-beam therapy faces a growing demand of tools able to map radiation quality within the irradiated volume. Although analytical computations and simulations provide useful estimations of dose and radiation quality, the direct measure of those parameters would improve ion-beam therapy in particular when deep-seated tumours are irradiated, tissue composition and density are variable or organs at risk are near the tumour. Several ion-beam therapy facilities are studying detectors and procedures for measuring the radiation quality on a microdosimetric as well as a nanodosimetric scale. Simplicity and miniaturisation of the devices are essential for measurements first in phantoms and thereafter during therapy, particularly for intra-cavity detectors. MedAustron is studying solid-state detectors based on a single crystal chemical vapour deposition diamond. In collaboration with Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Tor Vergata and Legnaro; INFN-microdosimetry and track structure project; Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna; and Italian National agency for new technologies, energy and sustainable economic development, Rome, prototypes have been developed to characterise radiation quality in sizes equivalent to one micrometre of biological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Magrin
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt A-2700, Austria
| | - R Mayer
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt A-2700, Austria
| | - C Verona
- INFN Tor Vervata University, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Loïc Grevillot
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, Marie Curie-Straße 5, Wiener Neustadt A-2700, Austria
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Grevillot L, Vatnitsky S. 83: Evaluation of existing ripple filter designs for clinical use at the MedAustron ion beam therapy facility. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Robert C, Fourrier N, Sarrut D, Stute S, Gueth P, Grevillot L, Buvat I. PET-based dose delivery verification in proton therapy: a GATE based simulation study of five PET system designs in clinical conditions. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:6867-85. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/19/6867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Grevillot L, Bertrand D, Dessy F, Freud N, Sarrut D. GATE as a GEANT4-based Monte Carlo platform for the evaluation of proton pencil beam scanning treatment plans. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:4223-44. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/13/4223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Grevillot L, Bertrand D, Dessy F, Freud N, Sarrut D. A Monte Carlo pencil beam scanning model for proton treatment plan simulation using GATE/GEANT4. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:5203-19. [PMID: 21791731 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/16/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes a generic method for modeling scanned ion beam delivery systems, without simulation of the treatment nozzle and based exclusively on beam data library (BDL) measurements required for treatment planning systems (TPS). To this aim, new tools dedicated to treatment plan simulation were implemented in the Gate Monte Carlo platform. The method was applied to a dedicated nozzle from IBA for proton pencil beam scanning delivery. Optical and energy parameters of the system were modeled using a set of proton depth-dose profiles and spot sizes measured at 27 therapeutic energies. For further validation of the beam model, specific 2D and 3D plans were produced and then measured with appropriate dosimetric tools. Dose contributions from secondary particles produced by nuclear interactions were also investigated using field size factor experiments. Pristine Bragg peaks were reproduced with 0.7 mm range and 0.2 mm spot size accuracy. A 32 cm range spread-out Bragg peak with 10 cm modulation was reproduced with 0.8 mm range accuracy and a maximum point-to-point dose difference of less than 2%. A 2D test pattern consisting of a combination of homogeneous and high-gradient dose regions passed a 2%/2 mm gamma index comparison for 97% of the points. In conclusion, the generic modeling method proposed for scanned ion beam delivery systems was applicable to an IBA proton therapy system. The key advantage of the method is that it only requires BDL measurements of the system. The validation tests performed so far demonstrated that the beam model achieves clinical performance, paving the way for further studies toward TPS benchmarking. The method involves new sources that are available in the new Gate release V6.1 and could be further applied to other particle therapy systems delivering protons or other types of ions like carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grevillot
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
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Vidal M, De Marzi L, Szymanowski H, Nauraye C, Grevillot L, Hierso E, Ferrand R, Freud N, Sarrut D. Proton therapy aperture contamination analytical model: consequences on dose calculation. Phys Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2011.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Jan S, Benoit D, Becheva E, Carlier T, Cassol F, Descourt P, Frisson T, Grevillot L, Guigues L, Maigne L, Morel C, Perrot Y, Rehfeld N, Sarrut D, Schaart DR, Stute S, Pietrzyk U, Visvikis D, Zahra N, Buvat I. GATE V6: a major enhancement of the GATE simulation platform enabling modelling of CT and radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2011. [PMID: 21248393 DOI: 10.1088/0031‐9155/56/4/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
GATE (Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography) is a Monte Carlo simulation platform developed by the OpenGATE collaboration since 2001 and first publicly released in 2004. Dedicated to the modelling of planar scintigraphy, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) acquisitions, this platform is widely used to assist PET and SPECT research. A recent extension of this platform, released by the OpenGATE collaboration as GATE V6, now also enables modelling of x-ray computed tomography and radiation therapy experiments. This paper presents an overview of the main additions and improvements implemented in GATE since the publication of the initial GATE paper (Jan et al 2004 Phys. Med. Biol. 49 4543-61). This includes new models available in GATE to simulate optical and hadronic processes, novelties in modelling tracer, organ or detector motion, new options for speeding up GATE simulations, examples illustrating the use of GATE V6 in radiotherapy applications and CT simulations, and preliminary results regarding the validation of GATE V6 for radiation therapy applications. Upon completion of extensive validation studies, GATE is expected to become a valuable tool for simulations involving both radiotherapy and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jan
- DSV/I2BM/SHFJ, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Orsay, France
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Grevillot L, Frisson T, Maneval D, Zahra N, Badel JN, Sarrut D. Simulation of a 6 MV Elekta Precise Linac photon beam using GATE/GEANT4. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:903-18. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/4/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jan S, Benoit D, Becheva E, Carlier T, Cassol F, Descourt P, Frisson T, Grevillot L, Guigues L, Maigne L, Morel C, Perrot Y, Rehfeld N, Sarrut D, Schaart DR, Stute S, Pietrzyk U, Visvikis D, Zahra N, Buvat I. GATE V6: a major enhancement of the GATE simulation platform enabling modelling of CT and radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:881-901. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/4/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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