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Khosravani V, Nikčević AV, Spada MM, Samimi Ardestani SM, Najafi M. The Independent Contribution of Positive and Negative Metacognitions About Smoking to Urge to Smoke, Withdrawal Symptoms and Dependence in Smoking-Dependent Men. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e3024. [PMID: 38940697 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that various factors, such as psychological distress, distress intolerance, anhedonia, impulsivity and smoking metacognitions, have been individually linked to the urge to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and dependence. However, these factors have not been collectively examined to determine whether smoking metacognitions independently and significantly contribute to these outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of distress intolerance, anhedonia, impulsivity and smoking metacognitions on the urge to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and dependency in men who are dependent on smoking. A total of 300 smoking-dependent men completed psychological scales and smoking-related measures. The findings of the study indicated that positive metacognitions about emotion regulation significantly predicted the urge to smoke, even when accounting for other significant predictors such as the number of daily cigarettes smoked, psychological distress, anhedonia and impulsivity. Furthermore, positive metacognitions about cognitive regulation were found to be a significant predictor of withdrawal symptoms, independent of other significant predictors such as psychological distress and the urge to smoke. Smoking dependence was predicted by negative metacognitions about uncontrollability beyond other significant predictors, including the number of daily cigarettes smoked and distress intolerance. These results highlight the role of metacognitions about smoking in both short- and long-term clinical outcomes related to smoking. Consequently, addressing such beliefs during treatment for smoking dependence should be an important therapeutic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khosravani
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ana V Nikčević
- Department of Psychology, School of Law, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Marcantonio M Spada
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Seyed Mehdi Samimi Ardestani
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Najafi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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Jiang W, Yang Y, He Y, Liu Q, Deng X, Hua Y, Hayixibayi A, Ni Y, Guo L. Contribution of diversity of social participation on the mental health of humanitarian migrants during resettlement. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2024; 33:e29. [PMID: 38779823 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796024000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS By the end of 2022, an estimated 108.4 million individuals worldwide experienced forced displacement. Identifying modifiable factors associated with the mental illness of refugees is crucial for promoting successful integration and developing effective health policies. This study aims to examine the associations between the changes in the diversity of social participation and psychological distress among refugees throughout the resettlement process, specifically focusing on gender differences. METHODS Utilizing data from three waves of a longitudinal, nationally representative cohort study conducted in Australia, this study involved 2399 refugees interviewed during Wave 1, 1894 individuals interviewed during Wave 3 and 1881 respondents during Wave 5. At each wave, we assessed psychological distress and 10 types of social participation across 3 distinct dimensions, including social activities, employment and education. The primary analysis employed mixed linear models and time-varying Cox models. Gender-stratified analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS Refugees engaging in one type or two or more types of social participation, compared with those not engaging in any, consistently had lower psychological distress scores (β = -0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI), -1.07 to -0.17] for one type of social participation; β = -0.57 [95% CI, -1.04 to -0.10] for two or more types of social participation) and a reduced risk of experiencing psychological distress (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81 [95% CI, 0.65-0.99] for one type of social participation; HR = 0.77 [95% CI, 0.61-0.97] for two or more types of social participation) during the resettlement period. When stratifying the results by gender, these associations in the adjusted models only remained significant in male refugees. Moreover, three specific types of social participation, namely sporting activities, leisure activities and current employment status, were most prominently associated with a reduced risk of psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this cohort study suggest that social participation was consistently associated with reduced risks of psychological distress among male refugees during resettlement. These findings highlight the significance of promoting meaningful social participation and interaction may be an effective strategy to improve the mental health of refugees and facilitate their successful integration into society, especially among male refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Jiang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong He
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Deng
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Hua
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Alimila Hayixibayi
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yanyan Ni
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Heidari Z, Feizi A, Haghighatdoost F. Validity and reliability of the Persian version of food preferences questionnaire (Persian-FPQ) in Iranian adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11493. [PMID: 38769328 PMCID: PMC11106254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The assessment of dietary intakes and habits using reliable and youth-specific measurement tools during adolescence is essential. The aim of the present study was to culturally adapt and investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the food preferences questionnaire (Persian-FPQ) among Iranian adolescents. This methodological cross-sectional study was conducted among 452 Persian-speaking adolescents, living in Isfahan, Iran. Translation of the FPQ was performed using forward-backward method. Intra Class Correlation (ICC) and Cronbach's α were used to assess test-retest reliability and internal consistency, respectively. Construct validity was investigated by using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Divergent validity was determined using correlation analysis with Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10). Known-group validity was assessed based on differences in mean food preference score between boys and girls and different categories of body mass index (BMI). The internal and external reliabilities for the Persian-FPQ were in the range of good to excellent in all domains (Cronbach's α: 0.76-0.96 and ICCs: 0.982-0.998). Boys had higher scores of food preferences than girls, indicating good known-group validity. Construct validity evaluated by EFA led to extraction of seven factors ("Vegetables", "Fruit", "Dairy", "Snacks", "Meat/Fish", "Starches" and "Miscellaneous foods"), explaining 37.8% of the variance. Divergent validity revealed significant negative correlations between five sub-scales of the Persian-FPQ and psychological distress. The Persian version of the FPQ is a reliable and valid instrument with applicability in a broad range of the population of Persian-speaking adolescents for assessing food preferences in community-based research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Ave., P.O. Box 319, Isfahan, 81746-3461, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Ave., P.O. Box 319, Isfahan, 81746-3461, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Bruzeguini MV, Corassa RB, Wang YP, Andrade LH, Sarti TD, Viana MC. The performance of K6 as a screening tool for mood disorders: A population-based study of the São Paulo metropolitan area. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:320-328. [PMID: 37655542 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The use of screening instruments allows the detection of psychological and behavioural manifestations there are often not identified in users of health services. We evaluated the performance of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) in identifying mood disorders (MD), using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) as gold-standard, in a population-based sample (n = 5037) of adult residents of metropolitan São Paulo. METHODS Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were calculated to assess the performance of K6 in detecting 30-day CIDI MD. All cut-points for each disorder were analysed using the Youden index and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the best cut-points were identified. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency. RESULTS In total, 5.5% respondents screened positive for any MD (95% IC 4.84-6.14). A good detection performance was observed for all MD, with AUC values for any MD of 0.91 (95% IC 0.89-0.92), ranging from 0.80 (95% CI 0.71-0.98) for minor depression to 0.93 (95% CI 0.87-0.98) for bipolar I disorder. Best cut-points for each MD were identified, with overall sensitivity and specificity of 88.8% and 80.2%, respectively. Cronbach's alpha was 0.83. CONCLUSIONS K6 is a good screening tool for MD in the Brazilian population. It is a brief and easy to use instrument that can promote the early identification and treatment of MD, reducing the burden of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Bello Corassa
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas da faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - LIM 23, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Helena Andrade
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas da faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - LIM 23, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dias Sarti
- Department of Social Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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Vahedian-Azimi A, Sanjari MJ, Rahimi-Bashar F, Gohari-Mogadam K, Ouahrani A, Mustafa EMM, Ait Hssain A, Sahebkar A. Cardiac Rehabilitation Using the Family-Centered Empowerment Model is Effective in Improving Long-term Mortality in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A 10-year Follow-Up Randomized Clinical Trial. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2024; 31:189-204. [PMID: 38564167 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-024-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) play a critical role in reducing the risk of future cardiovascular events and enhancing the quality of life for individuals who have survived a heart attack. AIM To assess the mortality rates and stability of the effects in myocardial infarction (MI) survivors after implementing a Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM)-focused hybrid cardiac rehabilitation program. METHODS This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, conducted at Shariati Hospital, an academic teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran (2012-2023), involved 70 MI patients and their families. Participants were randomly assigned to an FCEM intervention group or standard CR control group. The intervention commenced after the MI patient's safe discharge from the CCU and continued for the entire 10-year follow-up period. Various questionnaires were utilized to collect data on mortality rates and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS The 10-year follow-up period revealed lower mortality rates in the intervention group (5.7%, 11.4%, and 17.1% at 5, 7, and 10 years, respectively) compared to the control group (20%, 37.1%, and 48.9%). After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, the control group had a four times higher mortality risk (HR: 4.346, 95% CI 1.671-7.307, P = 0.003). The FCEM-focused program demonstrated a significant and sustained positive impact on participants' quality of life for 48 months, with greater improvement compared to the control group. CONCLUSION This study highlights the effectiveness of FCEM-based hybrid CR programs in enhancing long-term patient outcomes and reducing mortality rates among MI survivors. Further research is needed to explore the potential benefits in larger samples and diverse populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study (Identifier: NCT02402582) was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov on 03/30/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Vahedian-Azimi
- Trauma research center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Sanjari
- Trauma research center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keivan Gohari-Mogadam
- Medical ICU and Pulmonary Unit, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayoub Ouahrani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | | | - Ali Ait Hssain
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Talebi M, Taghipour A, Raouf-Rahmati A, Farokhani EM, Ghaffariyan-Jam S, Samarghandi A, Nemati M, Nemati A. Prevalence of mental disorders among middle-aged population of primary healthcare centers in Northeastern Iran. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:80. [PMID: 38172756 PMCID: PMC10763134 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary healthcare centers (PHCs) serve as the cornerstone of accessible medical services in society, playing a crucial role in screening, detecting, and treating various health issues. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in middle-aged individuals who refer to PHCs and the potential of PHCs in diagnosing mental disorders. METHODS This cross-sectional study was implemented at PHCs under the supervision of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) in northeast Iran in 2018. The enrolled subjects were middle-aged adults who had electronic medical records in SINA, an integrated health management system, and the electronic medical records of MUMS. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders by type and their relationship with demographic information was evaluated by a Chi-square test using SPSS 22. RESULTS This study involved 218,341 middle-aged participants. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 8.59%, and depression (53.72%) and anxiety (42.02%) were the most common psychiatric disorders in both males and females. The prevalence of mental disorders was significantly higher in females than in males (88.18% vs. 18.81%; P < 0.0001). Indeed, a significant higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatoform, childhood psychiatric disorder, and bipolar disorders was observed in females compared to males (P < 0.05). In addition, individuals between the age of 45-60 years, and those from rural areas showed more prevalence of mental disorders than others, but these differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Considering the previous studies in Iran, the prevalence of mental disorders among patients presenting to PHCs was noticeably lower than expected rates. It seems probable that this huge difference is due to poor screening and detection of mental illness in PHCs of MUMS. It is recommended that health policymakers pursue specific measures to make PHCs more helpful for people with mental health problems in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Talebi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amene Raouf-Rahmati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Azadeh Samarghandi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes Optum, Laguna Niguel, Ca, USA
| | - Ahmad Nemati
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Alvand S, Amin-Esmaeili M, Poustchi H, Roshandel G, Sadeghi Y, Sharifi V, Kamangar F, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Malekzadeh R, Etemadi A. Prevalence and determinants of opioid use disorder among long-term opiate users in Golestan Cohort Study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:958. [PMID: 38129791 PMCID: PMC10734090 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Number of opiate users worldwide has doubled over the past decade, but not all of them are diagnosed with opioid use disorder. We aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors for OUD after ten years of follow-up. METHODS Among 8,500 chronic opiate users at Golestan Cohort Study baseline (2004-2008), we recalled a random sample of 451 subjects in 2017. We used three questionnaires: a questionnaire about current opiate use including type and route of use, the drug use disorder section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview lifetime version, and the validated Kessler10 questionnaire. We defined opioid use disorder and its severity based on the DSM-5 criteria and used a cutoff of 12 on Kessler10 questionnaire to define psychological distress. RESULTS Mean age was 61.2 ± 6.6 years (84.7% males) and 58% were diagnosed with opioid use disorder. Starting opiate use at an early age and living in underprivileged conditions were risk factors of opioid use disorder. Individuals with opioid use disorder were twice likely to have psychological distress (OR = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.44-3.52) than the users without it. In multivariate regression, former and current opiate dose and oral use of opiates were independently associated with opioid use disorder. Each ten gram per week increase in opiate dose during the study period almost tripled the odds of opioid use disorder (OR = 3.18; 95%CI: 1.79-5.63). CONCLUSIONS Chronic opiate use led to clinical opioid use disorder in more than half of the users, and this disorder was associated with psychological distress, increasing its physical and mental burden in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Alvand
- Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Sadeghi
- Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vandad Sharifi
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Rafati F, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Dastyar N, Pilevarzadeh M, Mehralizadeh A. Relationship Between the Psychological Distress and Spiritual Well-Being in Pregnant Women Exposed to Domestic Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:3252-3266. [PMID: 36894696 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal psychological distress is often associated with domestic violence. Spiritual well-being can affect the psychological capacity to deal with distress. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and spiritual well-being in pregnant women exposed to domestic violence. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 305 pregnant women subjected to domestic violence in southern Iran. The participants were selected using the census method. Data were collected using the Spiritual Well-being Scale (SWB), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and the Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream (HITS) screening tool (short form) and were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, ANOVA, the Spearman correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression) in SPSS software version 24. The mean scores ± standard deviation of the participants' psychological distress, spiritual well-being, and domestic violence were 24.68 ± 6.43, 79.89 ± 18.98, and 11.24 ± 1.5, respectively. The results showed that psychological distress had a significant negative correlation with spiritual well-being (ρ = - 0.84, P < 0.001) and domestic violence (ρ = - 0.73, P < 0.001). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis also showed that spiritual well-being and domestic violence could predict the psychological distress of pregnant women who were exposed to domestic violence, which explained 73% of the psychological distress in the participants. According to the study results, spiritually oriented education can be provided for women to reduce their psychological distress. Also, it is recommended that necessary interventions be used to reduce domestic violence and empower women to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foozieh Rafati
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevaran Square, PO Box: 7861763730, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki
- Department of Nursing, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft-Bagh Highway, PO Box: 7861763730, Kerman, Iran
| | - Neda Dastyar
- Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery School, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevaran Square, PO Box: 7861763730, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Motahareh Pilevarzadeh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevaran Square, PO Box: 7861763730, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
| | - Akbar Mehralizadeh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevaran Square, PO Box: 7861763730, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
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Sangsefidi N, Jamali J, Rahimi Z, Kazemi A. Examination of Behavioural Patterns of Psychological Distress and Evaluation of Related Factors: A latent class regression. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2023; 23:311-319. [PMID: 37655085 PMCID: PMC10467542 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.12.2022.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify the behavioural pattern of psychological distress (PD) in the population of 18 to 65 years old people in Mashhad, Iran, using latent class regression and evaluate the related factors. PD is a unique emotional state with suffering in response to a stressor or specific need that leads to temporary or permanent impacts. Due to its negative effects on several features of life like the quality of life, health, performance and productivity of individuals, PD and its consequences are considered a public health priority. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 425,286 individuals aged 18 to 65, who were referred to health centres in Mashhad, northeastern Iran in the first half of 2018. The information required for this study, including a checklist of demographic information and the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6), was obtained from the Sina System. Results Latent class regression identified three latent patterns of PD in answering the questions of the K-6 questionnaire, including severe PD (14%), low PD distress (40%) and no PD (46%). Statistical variables of this study due to the results are considered as the following: women, illiterate people, unemployed and divorced people, individuals aged between 50 and 59 years and people with low weight were more likely to be in the severe PD class than in the no PD class. Conclusion Although a small percentage of people were classified as severely disturbed, the findings showed a high rate of symptoms of distress and sadness even in the no PD class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sangsefidi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Jamali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ana Kazemi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
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Uchida H, Kuroiwa C, Ohki S, Takahashi K, Tsuchiya K, Kikuchi S, Hirao K. Assessing the Smallest Detectable Change of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale Score in an Adult Population in Japan. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2647-2654. [PMID: 37465046 PMCID: PMC10351679 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s417446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological distress is prevalent worldwide and can lead to the development of mental conditions such as major depression and anxiety disorders. It is essential to assess the severity of patient-reported outcomes to provide effective treatment for psychological distress. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) is one of the most widely used psychological distress scales. However, the smallest detectable change (SDC) of the K6 score has not been elucidated. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the SDC of the K6 score in a Japanese adult population. Methods Participants aged 20-59 years who are native Japanese speakers were recruited from the panel list of a web research firm. The K6 score was assessed at baseline (T1) and at 2-week follow-up (T2). SDCs were calculated at the individual (SDCind) and group (SDCgroup) levels. Intraclass correlation coefficient agreement (ICCagreement) was calculated to assess test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha to evaluate internal consistency. Results A total of 3254 (1627 [50%] female) responded at T1 and T2. The mean (standard deviation) K6 scores were 5.71 (5.84) at T1 and 5.65 (5.83) at T2. The SDCind and SDCgroup of the K6 score were 8.47 (35.31%) and 0.15 (0.63%), respectively. The ICCagreement was 0.73, and the Cronbach's alpha was 0.94. Conclusion Our study provided evidence on the reliability and interpretation of the K6 score. Calculating the SDC of the K6 score can help identify the significance of changes in psychological distress over time and can determine the efficacy of interventions for psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kuroiwa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sae Ohki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kana Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Okayama Kounan Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nagano University of Health and Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Senichiro Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hirao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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11
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Jiang W, Shi G, Li Y, Lu C, Guo L, Zhang W. Dynamic contributions of socioeconomic status to mental health with the resettlement process among refugees. Psychiatry Res 2023; 324:115197. [PMID: 37058795 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) is shown to be associated with refugees' mental health, but few studies have considered that these associations may vary over time. This study aimed to examine the dynamic contributions of SES to refugees' mental health during resettlement. We used five waves of data from a cohort study in Australia; 2399 refugees completed the interview in Wave 1, and the remaining waves had 2009, 1894, 1929, and 1881 participants, respectively. SES, high risk of severe mental illness (HR-SMI), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed in each wave. Weighted multilevel regression models were performed, and analyses were stratified by sex. For both sexes, financial hardships were consistently positively associated with HR-SMI and PTSD across all five waves. However, time or sex differences were more pronounced for associations between other SES factors and mental health. For males, there were negative associations of current paid jobs with HR-SMI and PTSD in Waves 3-5. For females, the current paid job was negatively associated with HR-SMI only in Wave 5. Our findings highlight the dynamic associations and sex differences between SES and refugees' mental health. We recommend interventions focusing on increasing employment opportunities, particularly for male refugees in the later resettlement stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Jiang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guangduoji Shi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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12
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Hirao K, Takahashi H, Kuroda N, Uchida H, Tsuchiya K, Kikuchi S. Differences in Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress Scores between Smartphone Version versus Paper Version Administration: Evidence of Equivalence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4773. [PMID: 36981682 PMCID: PMC10049019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of electronic patient-reported outcomes has increased recently, and smartphones offer distinct advantages over other devices. However, previous systematic reviews have not investigated the reliability of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6) when used with smartphones, and this has not been fully explored. This study aimed to evaluate the equivalence of the paper and smartphone versions of the CES-D, GAD-7, and K6, which were compared following a randomized crossover design method in 100 adults in Gunma, Japan. Participants responded to the paper and smartphone versions at 1-week intervals. The equivalence of paper and smartphone versions was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCagreement). The mean participant age was 19.86 years (SD = 1.08, 23% male). The ICCagreements for the paper and smartphone versions of the CES-D, GAD-7, and K6 were 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-0.83), 0.68 (95% CI 0.59-0.77), and 0.83 (95% CI 0.75-0.88), respectively. Thus, the CES-D and K6 scales are appropriate for use in a smartphone version, which could be applied to clinical and research settings in which the paper or smartphone versions could be used as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hirao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan
| | - Hyono Takahashi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kuroda
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki 710-0826, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nagano University of Health and Medicine, Nagano 381-2227, Japan
| | - Senichiro Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan
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13
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Osman N, Chow WS, Michel C, Meisenzahl E, Schimmelmann BG, Schultze-Lutter F. Psychometric properties of the Kessler psychological scales in a Swiss young-adult community sample indicate poor suitability for community screening for mental disorders. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:85-95. [PMID: 35352501 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM The Kessler psychological distress scales (K10 and K6) are used as screening tools to assess psychological distress related to the likely presence of a mental disorder. Thus, we studied the psychometric properties of their German versions in a Swiss community sample to evaluate their potential usefulness to screen for mental disorders or relevant mental problems in the community and, relatedly, for low threshold transdiagnostic German-speaking services. METHODS The sample consisted of 829 citizens of the Swiss canton Bern of age 19-43 years. K10/K6 were validated against mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.) diagnoses, questionnaires about health status and quality of life. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to test for general discriminative ability and to select optimal cut-offs of the K10 and K6 for non-psychotic full-blown and subthreshold mental disorders. RESULTS Cronbach's alphas were 0.81 (K10) and 0.70 (K6). ROC analyses indicated much lower optimal thresholds than earlier suggested; 10 for K10 and 6 for K6. At these thresholds, against M.I.N.I. diagnoses, Cohen's κ (≤0.173) and correspondence rates (≤58.14%) were insufficient throughout. Values were higher at the earlier suggested threshold, yet, at the cost of sensitivity that was below 0.5 in all but three, and below 0.3 in all but six cases. CONCLUSIONS For the lack of sufficient validity and sensitivity, respectively, our findings suggest that both K10 and K6 would only be of limited use in a low-threshold transdiagnostic mental health service for young adults in Switzerland and likely other German-speaking countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naweed Osman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Winnie S Chow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benno G Schimmelmann
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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14
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Falahat K, Baradarn Eftekhari M, Dejman M, Forouzan AS, Mahmoodi Z, Padyab M, Tavassoli S. Determining the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy interventions based on the transdiagnostic approach in the treatment of common mental health problems: Presenting an experience from the Islamic Republic of Iran. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2551. [PMID: 35377557 PMCID: PMC9120869 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is growing support to develop transdiagnostic approaches that provide new insights into mental health problems and cut across the existing traditional diagnostic boundaries all over the world. The present study was conducted to test the transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (TCBT) approach in treating patients with common mental health problems and evaluate its effectiveness compared to the current treatment settings of the healthcare system. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Semnan Province, north of Iran. The study took pace in urban health centers. A sample of 520 Iranian adults, tested as positive on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, were enrolled. Participants who received a score above the cut-off point in any of the three mental health disorders (depression, anxiety, or obsessive compulsive disorder [OCD]) based on the locally validated study instrument were randomly allocated to the study. The intervention group received TCBT during eight sessions provided by trained general health service providers without previous mental health training; the standby control group received Mental Health Services as Usual (MHSU). The post-test interviews were conducted using the study instrument after the completion of both group treatments. RESULTS A total of 459 individuals (87.8% female) ultimately entered the study. The withdrawal rate was 24% (53 participants in the TCBT and 56 in the MHSU). Reduction in depression, anxiety, and OCD symptoms was significant within each group and when comparing TCBT and MHSU (mean difference). CONCLUSION This trial recommends that the transdiagnostic CBT approach can be effective in improving common mental health problems and functions among individuals by trained general healthcare providers in the primary healthcare system. The results can be more useful in decision making when defining the process of providing mental healthcare in the National Primary Healthcare System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Falahat
- Deputy for Research and TechnologyMinistry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | | | - Masoumeh Dejman
- Department of Mental HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ameneh Setareh Forouzan
- Social Welfare Management Research CenterUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | | | - Samira Tavassoli
- Gallatin School of Individualized StudyNew York UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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15
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Amin-Esmaeili M, Shadloo B, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Samimi Ardestani SM, Hajebi A, Khatibzadeh S, Sharifi V, Samadi R, Yasamy MT, Zarghami M, Farzadfar F, Shahraz S. Major Depressive Disorder in Iran: Epidemiology, Health Care Provision, Utilization, and Challenges. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2022; 25:329-338. [PMID: 35943010 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One in eight adults in Iran is estimated to have major depressive disorder (MDD) - a leading cause of disability in the country. Many remain undiagnosed, and some receive only partial treatment. An estimated 60% of those with MDD were reported to have received no treatment during the past year. In this paper, we have critically reviewed the current health-care structure in the country along with prevailing patterns of health-care service utilization. We have addressed the role of psychiatrists, general practitioners (GPs), psychologists, and other health-care personnel in the treatment and care of patients with MDD, with an emphasis on the quality of service provision. In addition, the strengths and weaknesses of primary healthcare (PHC), the health insurance system, and inpatient care have been discussed. We have paid attention to the contextual issues such as mental health literacy, stigma, and healthcare inequity where relevant. Finally, practical recommendations have been provided to improve the quality of care for patients with MDD in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Mental Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Behrang Shadloo
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Hajebi
- Research Center for Addiction & Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychiatric Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Khatibzadeh
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vandad Sharifi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Samadi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Yasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Zarghami
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine AND Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahraz
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
- Tufts Medical Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Reciprocal relationships between employment status and psychological symptoms: findings from the Building a New Life in Australia study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1085-1095. [PMID: 34817636 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding work is an important priority for many refugees in the initial years following settlement in a host country. Difficulties in finding work could conceivably both contribute to and be a consequence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological distress commonly reported by refugees. PURPOSE We sought to determine the direction of these relationships and the possibility of a reciprocal association between employment status on one hand, and symptoms of PTSD and psychological distress on the other, in a large refugee sample. METHODS A secondary analysis of three face-to-face interview assessments conducted across 5 years with 894 adult refugee participants (M = 39.9 years, SD = 12.8) from the Building a New Life in Australia study was conducted. Symptoms of psychological distress, posttraumatic stress, and employment status were assessed on each occasion. Preliminary analysis identified the cross-sectional relationships between psychological distress, PTSD symptoms, and employment status, while cross-lagged models were used to identify the longitudinal relationships between these respective symptoms. RESULTS Symptoms of psychological distress and not being in paid work were significantly correlated with each other at each time point (ranging 0.09-0.25) and they reciprocally influenced each other over time. Likewise, PTSD symptoms and not being in paid work were correlated with each other after 3 years and 5 years (r = 0.21 and 0.23 respectively), and a reciprocal relationship between these was found over time. CONCLUSION The current findings indicate that interventions which target either mental health or work opportunities could have multiple downstream benefits for refugees.
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17
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Rafiemanesh H, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Shadloo B, Rostam-Abadi Y, Nedjat S, Yazdani K. Prevalence, pattern, and associated factors of alcohol use disorder among male treatment-seeking people with illicit drug use disorder in Tehran, Iran. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.2020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rafiemanesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrang Shadloo
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasna Rostam-Abadi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nedjat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Yazdani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Merson F, Newby J, Shires A, Millard M, Mahoney A. The temporal stability of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1893603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Merson
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Jill Newby
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Black Dog Institute, Randwick, Australia
| | - Alice Shires
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Michael Millard
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent’s Hospital and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Alison Mahoney
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent’s Hospital and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
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19
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Kageyama K, Kato Y, Mesaki T, Uchida H, Takahashi K, Marume R, Sejima Y, Hirao K. Effects of video viewing smartphone application intervention involving positive word stimulation in people with subthreshold depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:74-81. [PMID: 33401126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A smartphone application (i.e., SPSRS) was developed to help people with subthreshold depression (StD) improve depressive symptoms by presenting positive word stimuli in videos. However, to date, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to investigate SPSRS application interventions for depressive symptoms in people with StD. Therefore, a pilot RCT was conducted to assess the preliminary efficacy of the SPSRS application intervention for people with StD. METHODS In a pilot RCT, 32 participants (female = 34.4%, mean age = 20.06, SD = 1.24) with StD were randomized to SPSRS application intervention for approximately 10 min/a day for 5 weeks (experimental group; n = 16) or no intervention (wait list control group; n = 16). The primary outcome is the change from baseline in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score after the 5-week intervention. The secondary outcomes are the change from baseline in the Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K-6) score and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) after the 5-week intervention. RESULTS No participants dropped out of the study. The experimental group displayed medium, small, and small improvements in CES-D, K-6, and GAD-7 scores (adjusted Hedge's g = -0.64, -0.29, and -0.40), respectively, compared with control. LIMITATIONS The observed effects must be considered preliminary due to the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the potential of intervention using the SPSRS application to reduce depressive symptoms in people with StD. Future studies should replicate these findings in a full-scale RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Kageyama
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Yudai Kato
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Takanori Mesaki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kana Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Okayama Kounan Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Risako Marume
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sejima
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hirao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
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20
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Nedjat S, Mehrdad R, Yunesian M, Pouragha H, Biagi V, Monazzam-Esmaeelpour MR. Prospective cohort study on the social determinants of health: Tehran University of Medical Sciences employees` cohort (TEC) study protocol. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1703. [PMID: 33187513 PMCID: PMC7666496 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, the association between the social determinants of health (SDH) as well as other health risk factors and outcomes will be evaluated at different socioeconomic layers. Methods/design This is a prospective cohort study that was launched in January 2018 on Tehran University of Medical Sciences’ employees. The initial enrolment phase will continue up to March 2021, or until a sample size of 5500 is reached. In addition to annual phone-calls, the participants will be followed thrice at 5-year intervals. Data are collected through blood and urine samples, complete physical examination, anthropometric evaluation, and the completion of questionnaires related to SDH, such as socioeconomic status and social capital, history of diseases, lifestyle (including, nutrition, physical activity, cigarette and hookah smoking), occupational exposures (including psychosocial factors at work and work-family conflicts), and different aspects of physical, mental and occupational health as health outcomes. The association between independent variables and health (objective or subjective) are examined using multiple models and by controlling the confounding effects. Moreover, the trend in lifestyle changes and its impact on health are evaluated. Discussion Our study will explore the key social determinants as well as other factors including socioeconomic status and social capital, history of diseases, lifestyle and occupational exposures that affect health. This will provide social and occupational health decision-makers and stakeholders with new and valuable evidence in an era in which we are witnessing huge changes in lifestyle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09798-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharnaz Nedjat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Mehrdad
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pouragha
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vali Biagi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Kawakami N, Thi Thu Tran T, Watanabe K, Imamura K, Thanh Nguyen H, Sasaki N, Kuribayashi K, Sakuraya A, Thuy Nguyen Q, Thi Nguyen N, Minh Bui T, Thi Huong Nguyen G, Minas H, Tsutsumi A. Internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and item response characteristics of the Kessler 6 scale among hospital nurses in Vietnam. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233119. [PMID: 32437454 PMCID: PMC7241835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and item response characteristics of a newly developed Vietnamese version of the Kessler 6 (K6) scale among hospital nurses in Hanoi, Vietnam. The K6 was translated into the Vietnamese language following a standard procedure. A survey was conducted of nurses in a large general hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, using a questionnaire including the Vietnamese K6, other scales (DASS21, health-related QOL, self-rated health, and psychosocial work environment), and questions about demographic variables. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) was calculated. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Eleven hypotheses were tested (as Pearson's correlations with the K6) to assess the scale's construct validity. Item response theory (IRT) analysis was conducted to identify the item response characteristics. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.864. The explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a one-factor structure. Most hypotheses tested for construct validity were supported. IRT analysis indicated that response categories were located in order according to severity. K6 provided reliable information regarding higher levels of psychological distress. The findings suggest that the Vietnamese version of the K6 is a reliable and valid instrument to measure psychological distress among hospital nurses in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Tran
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Imamura
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huong Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Social Sciences—Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Natsu Sasaki
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kuribayashi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Sakuraya
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Quynh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Social Sciences—Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thu Minh Bui
- Nursing Office, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Harry Minas
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Akizumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kato Y, Kageyama K, Mesaki T, Uchida H, Sejima Y, Marume R, Takahashi K, Hirao K. Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial on a smartphone application-based intervention for subthreshold depression: Study protocol clinical trial (SPIRIT Compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18934. [PMID: 31977910 PMCID: PMC7004731 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interventions aimed at addressing subthreshold depression (StD) are important to prevent the onset of major depressive disorder. Our video playback application (SPSRS) is designed to reduce depressive symptoms by presenting positive words in videos, shedding new light on the treatment of StD. However, no randomized controlled trial (RCT) has utilized this video playback application for the treatment of individuals with StD. Therefore, a pilot RCT was designed to determine the feasibility of a full-scale trial. We herein present a study protocol for investigating the utility of a video playback application intervention for individuals with StD. METHODS This 5-week, single-blind, 2-arm, parallel-group, pilot RCT will determine the effectiveness of the video playback application by comparing individuals who had and had not been exposed to the same. A total of 32 individuals with StD will be randomly assigned to the experimental or control group at a 1:1 ratio. The experimental group will receive a 10-minute intervention containing the video playback application per day, whereas the control group will receive no intervention. The primary outcome will include changes in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score after the 5-week intervention, while secondary outcomes will include changes in the Kessler Screening Scale for psychological distress and the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale score after the 5-week intervention. Statistical analysis using linear mixed models with the restricted maximum likelihood estimation method will then be performed. DISCUSSION This pilot RCT will have been the first to explore the utility of SPSRS application interventions that display positive words in videos for individuals with StD. The results of this pilot trial are expected to help in the design and implementation of a full-scale RCT that investigates the effects of SPSRS applications among individuals with StD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04136041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Kato
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi
| | - Kaito Kageyama
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi
| | - Takanori Mesaki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki
| | - Yoshiyuki Sejima
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki
| | - Risako Marume
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki
| | - Kana Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Okayama Kounan Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hirao
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University, Takahashi
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Hajebi A, Motevalian A, Amin‐Esmaeili M, Rahimi‐Movaghar A, Sharifi V, Hoseini L, Shadloo B, Mojtabai R. Adaptation and validation of short scales for assessment of psychological distress in Iran: The Persian K10 and K6. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1726. [PMID: 29888523 PMCID: PMC6877187 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to translate into Persian and culturally adapt the Kessler Psychological Distress Scales, K10 and K6, and to assess their reliability and validity. METHOD The sample was recruited from primary health care (PHC) settings by quota nonprobability sampling, stratified by sex and age. Validity was assessed against the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (v2.1). The psychometric properties of K6 and K10 were also compared with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). RESULTS A total of 818 participants completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha were 0.92 and 0.87 for K6 and K10, respectively. Optimal cutoff scores for detecting any mood or anxiety disorder in the past 30 days were 15 for K10 and 10 for K6. At these cutoff points, the measures had sensitivities of 0.77 and 0.73, specificities of 0.74 and 0.78, and positive predictive values of 0.48 and 0.52, respectively. Psychometric properties of K10 and K6 were similar to GHQ-12. CONCLUSION Persian K10 and K6 have acceptable psychometric properties as screening instruments for common mental health conditions. Given its brevity and similar psychometric properties to the longer instruments, the Persian K6 appears to be a suitable scale for use in PHC settings and, possibly, epidemiologic studies in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hajebi
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychiatric DepartmentIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Motevalian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoumeh Amin‐Esmaeili
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Afarin Rahimi‐Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Vandad Sharifi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Leila Hoseini
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Behrang Shadloo
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Department of PsychiatryJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
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