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Walton KE, Krueger RF, Elkins I, D'Accordo C, McGue M, Iacono WG. Personality Traits Predict the Developmental Course of Externalizing: A Four-Wave Longitudinal Study Spanning Age 17 to Age 29. J Pers 2016; 85:364-375. [PMID: 26808279 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine whether and how personality predicts the developmental course of externalizing problems, including antisocial behavior and substance dependence. In a large, population-based longitudinal study (N = 1,252), the 11 personality traits assessed by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire were measured at age 17, and DSM diagnoses of adult antisocial behavior, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence were obtained at ages 17, 20, 24, and 29. We fit a quadratic multiple indicator latent growth model where the three diagnoses loaded onto an externalizing factor. This model fit the data well, and externalizing increased until it started to decline at age 24. High aggression and low control were the most significant predictors of the development of externalizing, with aggression playing a significant role in the development of externalizing across the 12-year time span, and control predicting the development from age 17 to 24. The findings highlight the importance of considering the developmental course of externalizing in the context of personality and suggest that the specific personality traits of aggression and control might be targeted in externalizing prevention and intervention programs.
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Boyd A, Van de Velde S, Pivette M, Ten Have M, Florescu S, O'Neill S, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, Vilagut G, Haro JM, Alonso J, Kovess-Masféty V. Gender differences in psychotropic use across Europe: Results from a large cross-sectional, population-based study. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:778-88. [PMID: 26052073 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many epidemiological studies, women have been observed to consume psychotropic medication more often than men. However, the consistency of this relationship across Europe, with differences in mental health care (MHC) resources and reimbursement policies, is unknown. METHODS Questions on 12-month psychotropic use (antidepressants, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers) were asked to 34,204 respondents from 10 European countries of the EU-World Mental Health surveys. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) criteria were used to determine 12-month prevalence of mood/anxiety disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (v3.0). RESULTS For all participating countries, women were significantly more likely than men to use psychotropic medication within the previous 12 months (overall-OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.81-2.31). This relationship remained significant after adjusting for common sociodemographic factors (age, income level, employment status, education, marital status) and country-level indicators (MHC provision, private household out-of-pocket expenditure, and Gender Gap Index). In multivariable gender-stratified risk-factor analysis, both women and men were more likely to have taken psychotropic medication with increasing age, decreasing income level, and mental health care use within the past 12 months, with no significant differences between genders. When only including participants with a mental disorder, gender differences overall were still significant with any 12-month mood disorder but not with any 12-month anxiety disorder, remaining so after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and country-level indicators. CONCLUSIONS Women use psychotropic medication consistently more often than men, yet reasons for their use are similar between genders. These differences also appear to be contingent on the specific mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boyd
- École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S1136, Institut Pierre-Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Van de Velde
- École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Pivette
- École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M Ten Have
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Florescu
- National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S O'Neill
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Well-Being, University of Ulster, Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - J-M Caldas-de-Almeida
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - J M Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Kovess-Masféty
- École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France.
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Carragher N, Krueger RF, Eaton NR, Markon KE, Keyes KM, Blanco C, Saha TD, Hasin DS. ADHD and the externalizing spectrum: direct comparison of categorical, continuous, and hybrid models of liability in a nationally representative sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014; 49:1307-17. [PMID: 24081325 PMCID: PMC3972373 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol use disorders, substance use disorders, and antisocial personality disorder share a common externalizing liability, which may also include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have compared formal quantitative models of externalizing liability, with the aim of delineating the categorical and/or continuous nature of this liability in the community. This study compares categorical, continuous, and hybrid models of externalizing liability. METHOD Data were derived from the 2004-2005 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 34,653). Seven disorders were modeled: childhood ADHD and lifetime diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, marijuana dependence, cocaine dependence, and other substance dependence. RESULTS The continuous latent trait model provided the best fit to the data. Measurement invariance analyses supported the fit of the model across genders, with females displaying a significantly lower probability of experiencing externalizing disorders. Cocaine dependence, marijuana dependence, other substance dependence, alcohol dependence, ASPD, nicotine dependence, and ADHD provided the greatest information, respectively, about the underlying externalizing continuum. CONCLUSIONS Liability to externalizing disorders is continuous and dimensional in severity. The findings have important implications for the organizational structure of externalizing psychopathology in psychiatric nomenclatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Carragher
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia,
| | - Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0344, USA
| | - Nicholas R. Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA
| | | | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive 123, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carlos Blanco
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 69, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tulshi D. Saha
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, USA
| | - Deborah S. Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive No. 123, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Sabaté M, Pacheco JF, Ballarín E, Ferrer P, Petri H, Hasford J, Schoonen MW, Rottenkolber M, Fortuny J, Laporte JR, Ibáñez L. A compilation of research working groups on drug utilisation across Europe. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:143. [PMID: 24625054 PMCID: PMC4008312 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The assessment of the benefit-risk of medicines needs careful consideration concerning their patterns of utilization. Systems for the monitoring of medicines consumption have been established in many European countries, and several international groups have identified and described them. No other compilation of European working groups has been published. As part of the PROTECT project, as a first step in searching for European data sources on the consumption of five selected groups of medicines, we aimed to identify and describe the main characteristics of the existing collaborative European working groups. Findings Google and bibliographic searches (PubMed) of articles containing information on databases and other sources of drug consumption data were conducted. For each working group the main characteristics were recorded. Nineteen selected groups were identified, focusing on: a) general drug utilisation (DU) research (EuroDURG, CNC, ISPE’S SIG-DUR, EURO-MED-STAT, PIPERSKA Group, NorPEN, ENCePP, DURQUIM), b) specific DU research: b.1) antimicrobial drugs (ARPAC, ESAC, ARPEC, ESGAP, HAPPY AUDIT), b.2) cardiovascular disease (ARITMO, EUROASPIRE), b.3) paediatrics (TEDDY), and b.4) mental health/central nervous system effects (ESEMeD, DRUID, TUPP/EUPoMMe). Information on their aims, methods and activities is presented. Conclusions We assembled and updated information on European working groups in DU research and in the utilisation of five selected groups of drugs for the PROTECT project. This information should be useful for academic researchers, regulatory and health authorities, and pharmaceutical companies conducting and interpreting post-authorisation and safety studies. European health authorities should encourage national research and collaborations in this important field for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luisa Ibáñez
- Fundació Institut Català de Farmacologia, Pg, Valld'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
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Almansa J, Vermunt JK, Forero CG, Alonso J. A factor mixture model for multivariate survival data: an application to the analysis of lifetime mental disorders. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josué Almansa
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Carlos G. Forero
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona Spain
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Vilagut G, Forero CG, Pinto-Meza A, Haro JM, de Graaf R, Bruffaerts R, Kovess V, de Girolamo G, Matschinger H, Ferrer M, Alonso J. The mental component of the short-form 12 health survey (SF-12) as a measure of depressive disorders in the general population: results with three alternative scoring methods. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2013; 16:564-73. [PMID: 23796290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of the Mental Component of the Short-Form 12 Health Survey, Version 1(SF-12v1), as a screening measure of depressive disorders. METHODS Data come from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD), a cross-sectional survey carried out on representative samples of 21,425 individuals from the noninstitutionalized adult general population of six European countries (response rate = 61.2%). The SF-12 was administered and scored according to three algorithms: the "original" method (mental component summary of SF-12 [MCS-12]), the RAND-12 (RAND-12 Mental Health Composite [RAND-12 MHC]), and the Bidemensional Response Process Model 12 mental health score (BRP-12 MHS), based on a two-factor Item Response Theory graded response model. Thirty-day and 12-month depressive disorders (major depressive episode or dysthymia) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Version 3.0, by using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis was carried out, and optimal cutoff points maximizing balance between sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) were chosen for the three methods. RESULTS Prevalence of 30-day and 12-month depressive disorders in the overall sample was 1.5% and 4.4%, respectively. The area under the curve for 30-day depressive disorders was 0.92, and it decreased to 0.85 for 12-month disorders, regardless of the scoring method. Optimal cutoff for 30-day depressive disorders was 45.6 (SN = 0.86; SP = 0.88) for the MCS-12, 44.5 for the RAND-12 MHC (SN = 0.87, SP = 0.86), and 40.2 for the BRP-12 MHS (SN = 0.87, SP = 0.87). The selected 12-month cutoffs for MCS-12 and RAND-12 MHC were between 4.2 and 5.8 points below the general population means of each country, with SN range 0.67 to 0.78 and SP range 0.77 to 0.87. CONCLUSIONS The SF-12 yielded acceptable results for detecting both active and recent depressive disorders in general population samples, suggesting that the questionnaire could be used as a useful screening tool for monitoring the prevalence of affective disorders and for targeting treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
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