1
|
Long J, Qi C, Carragher N. Editorial: Deepening our understanding of the etiology of gaming disorder and gambling disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1266531. [PMID: 37680452 PMCID: PMC10482224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1266531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- The Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Natacha Carragher
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carragher N, Long J, Radu I, King DL, Billieux J, Rumpf HJ, Assanangkornchai S, Saunders JB, Higuchi S. Monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on problematic gambling and gaming: an international key informant survey. International Gambling Studies 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Carragher
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ilinca Radu
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel L. King
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sawitri Assanangkornchai
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - John B. Saunders
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carragher N, Billieux J, Bowden-Jones H, Achab S, Potenza MN, Rumpf HJ, Long J, Demetrovics Z, Gentile D, Hodgins D, Aricak OT, Baigent M, Gandin C, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Scafato E, Assanangkornchai S, Siste K, Hao W, King DL, Saunders J, Higuchi S, Poznyak V. Brief overview of the WHO Collaborative Project on the Development of New International Screening and Diagnostic Instruments for Gaming Disorder and Gambling Disorder. Addiction 2022; 117:2119-2121. [PMID: 34882889 DOI: 10.1111/add.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Carragher
- Alcohol, Drugs and Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henrietta Bowden-Jones
- National Problem Gambling Clinic; National Centre for Gaming Disorders, UK.,Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia Achab
- WHO Collaborating Centre in Research and Training in Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland.,Treatment Facility for Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar.,Addiction Research Group, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Douglas Gentile
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - David Hodgins
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Osman Tolga Aricak
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey.,Turkish Green Crescent Society, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Michael Baigent
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Statewide Gambling Therapy Service, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Claudia Gandin
- National Observatory on Alcohol, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emanuele Scafato
- National Observatory on Alcohol, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Sawitri Assanangkornchai
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kristiana Siste
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wei Hao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China.,Consortium on Clinical bigdata and Biobank for Addiction Research (3CBAR), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daniel L King
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Australia
| | - John Saunders
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Japan
| | - Vladimir Poznyak
- Alcohol, Drugs and Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mullins-Sweatt SN, Bornovalova MA, Carragher N, Clark LA, Corona Espinosa A, Jonas K, Keyes KM, Lynam DR, Michelini G, Miller JD, Min J, Rodriguez-Seijas C, Samuel DB, Tackett JL, Watts AL. HiTOP Assessment of Externalizing Antagonism and Disinhibition. Assessment 2021; 29:34-45. [PMID: 34823365 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211033900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article outlines the Phase 1 efforts of the HiTOP Measure Development group for externalizing constructs, which include disinhibited externalizing, antagonistic externalizing, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance use, and externalizing/maladaptive behaviors. We provide background on the constructs included and the process and issues involved in developing a measure for this diverse range of psychopathology symptoms, traits, and behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natacha Carragher
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiwon Min
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diaz-Skeete YM, McQuaid D, Akinosun AS, Ekerete I, Carragher N, Carragher L. Analysis of Apps With a Medication List Functionality for Older Adults With Heart Failure Using the Mobile App Rating Scale and the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics Functionality Score: Evaluation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e30674. [PMID: 34726613 PMCID: PMC8596242 DOI: 10.2196/30674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Managing the care of older adults with heart failure (HF) largely centers on medication management. Because of frequent medication or dosing changes, an app that supports these older adults in keeping an up-to-date list of medications could be advantageous. During the COVID-19 pandemic, HF outpatient consultations are taking place virtually or by telephone. An app with the capability to share a patient’s medication list with health care professionals before consultation could support clinical efficiency, for example, by reducing consultation time. However, the influence of apps on maintaining an up-to-date medication history for older adults with HF in Ireland remains largely unexplored. Objective The aims of this review are twofold: to review apps with a medication list functionality and to assess the quality of the apps included in the review using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) and the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality scale. Methods A systematic search of apps was conducted in June 2019 using the Google Play Store and iTunes App Store. The MARS was used independently by 4 researchers to assess the quality of the apps using an Android phone and an iPad. Apps were also evaluated using the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality score. Results Google Play and iTunes App store searches identified 483 potential apps (292 from Google Play and 191 from iTunes App stores). A total of 6 apps (3 across both stores) met the inclusion criteria. Of the 6 apps, 4 achieved an acceptable MARS score (3/5). The Medisafe app had the highest overall MARS score (4/5), and the Medication List & Medical Records app had the lowest overall score (2.5/5). On average, the apps had 8 functions based on the IMS functionality criteria (range 5-11). A total of 2 apps achieved the maximum score for number of features (11 features) according to the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality score, and 2 scored the lowest (5 features). Peer-reviewed publications were identified for 3 of the apps. Conclusions The quality of current apps with medication list functionality varies according to their technical aspects. Most of the apps reviewed have an acceptable MARS objective quality (ie, the overall quality of an app). However, subjective quality (ie, satisfaction with the apps) was poor. Only 3 apps are based on scientific evidence and have been tested previously. A total of 2 apps featured all the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionalities, and half did not provide clear instructions on how to enter medication data, did not display vital parameter data in an easy-to-understand format, and did not guide users on how or when to take their medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Natacha Carragher
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Alcohol, Drugs and Addictive Behaviours, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Carragher
- NetwellCASALA Advanced Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Forbes MK, Sunderland M, Rapee RM, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Carragher N, Ruggero C, Zimmerman M, Baillie AJ, Lynch SJ, Mewton L, Slade T, Krueger RF. A detailed hierarchical model of psychopathology: From individual symptoms up to the general factor of psychopathology. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 9:139-168. [PMID: 33758691 PMCID: PMC7983870 DOI: 10.1177/2167702620954799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Much of our knowledge about the relationships among domains of psychopathology is built on the diagnostic categories described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), with relatively little research examining the symptom-level structure of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to delineate a detailed hierarchical model of psychopathology-from individual symptoms up to a general factor of psychopathology-allowing both higher- and lower-order dimensions to depart from the structure of the DSM. We explored the hierarchical structure of hundreds of symptoms spanning 18 DSM disorders, in two large samples-one from the general population in Australia (n = 3175), and the other a treatment-seeking clinical sample from the USA (n = 1775). There was marked convergence between the two samples, offering new perspectives on higher-order dimensions of psychopathology. We also found several noteworthy departures from the structure of the DSM in the symptom-level data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Alcohol, Drugs and Addictive Behaviors, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andrew J Baillie
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samantha J Lynch
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise Mewton
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sunderland M, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Carragher N, Slade T. The psychometric properties of 30-day versions of the DSM-5 dimensional severity scales for social anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113229. [PMID: 32580090 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the DSM-5 dimensional severity scales for social anxiety disorder (SAD) and panic disorder (PD) using a past 30 day timeframe. METHODS Data were from a sample of 1,052 Australian community dwelling adults (aged 18 years or older) recruited using online advertisements. Respondents completed the DSM-5 severity scales for SAD and PD as well as a range of additional widely used self-administered scales for SAD and PD in the past 30 days prior to the survey. RESULTS Both scales exhibited high internal consistency (alpha>=0.94) and a strong general factor that justified unidimensional item response analysis (OmegaH=0.96). There was no evidence of significant local dependence amongst item pairs after accounting for the single factor. Similarly, there was no evidence for meaningful differential item functioning of the scales across sex, age, education level, and residential location. There was high convergent validity (0.71 - 0.85) amongst conceptually related scale and moderate to high correlations (0.54 - 0.80) between conceptually unrelated scales. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide support for the use of past month versions of the DSM-5 severity scales for SAD and PD by researchers and clinicians to inform and supplement diagnostic decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few very brief measures that accurately identify multiple common mental disorders. AIMS The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a new composite measure to screen for five common mental disorders. METHOD Two cross-sectional psychometric surveys were used to develop (n = 3175) and validate (n = 3620) the new measure, the Rapid Measurement Toolkit-20 (RMT20) against diagnostic criteria. The RMT20 was tested against a DSM-5 clinical checklist for major depression, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, with comparison with two measures of general psychological distress: the Kessler-10 and Distress Questionnaire-5. RESULTS The area under the curve for the RMT20 was significantly greater than for the distress measures, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 across the five disorders. Sensitivity and specificity at prescribed cut-points were excellent, with sensitivity ranging from 0.85 to 0.93 and specificity ranging from 0.73 to 0.83 across the five disorders. CONCLUSIONS The RMT20 outperformed two established scales assessing general psychological distress, is free to use and has low respondent burden. The measure is well-suited to clinical screening, internet-based screening and large-scale epidemiological surveys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- World Health Organization, Switzerland; and Office of Medical Education, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
AIM Critics of gaming disorder (GD; i.e., Internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5; Gaming disorder in the ICD-11) have expressed concerns about the potential risks of misclassification (e.g., false positives). An important consideration of relevance to this discussion is the extent to which commonly used screening instruments contain appropriate, sensible, and relevant items. The aim of this review was to evaluate the face validity of items within current tools for GD. METHODS A systematic review of databases identified 29 instruments. An item bank (n = 417 items) was independently evaluated by three professional raters (i.e., a senior academic in clinical psychology, a senior psychometrician, and an academic/clinical psychologist) according to guidelines for defining and measuring addiction and gaming disorder. FINDINGS Evaluation of the item bank identified issues related to: scope (i.e., "scope creep" or items of questionable relevance); language (i.e., confusing language, unusual wording or syntax); and overpathologizing (i.e., pathologizing typical and/or beneficial aspects or consequences of gaming). A total of 71 items across 23 tools had at least one face validity issue. CONCLUSIONS Most items (83%) demonstrated satisfactory face validity and were consistent with either the DSM-5 or ICD-11 GD classification. However, many tests contain at least one item that may pathologize normal gaming behaviors. Such items refer to basic changes in mood when gaming, a desire to play or continue playing games, and experiencing immersion when gaming. This analysis highlights the challenges of screening for problematic behaviors that are thought to arise within the context of normal recreational activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. King
- College of Education, Psychology, & Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia,School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Corresponding author. College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia, Tel.: +61 (08) 8201 7800. E-mail:
| | - Joel Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors Lab, Institute for Health and Behavior, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Australia,Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul H. Delfabbro
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
King DL, Chamberlain SR, Carragher N, Billieux J, Stein D, Mueller K, Potenza MN, Rumpf HJ, Saunders J, Starcevic V, Demetrovics Z, Brand M, Lee HK, Spada M, Lindenberg K, Wu AMS, Lemenager T, Pallesen S, Achab S, Kyrios M, Higuchi S, Fineberg NA, Delfabbro PH. Screening and assessment tools for gaming disorder: A comprehensive systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 77:101831. [PMID: 32143109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of gaming disorder (GD) as an official diagnosis in the ICD-11 was a significant milestone for the field. However, the optimal measurement approaches for GD are currently unclear. This comprehensive systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate all available English-language GD tools and their corresponding evidence. A search of PsychINFO, PsychArticles, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified 32 tools employed in 320 studies (N = 462,249 participants). The evaluation framework examined tools in relation to: (1) conceptual and practical considerations; (2) alignment with DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria; (3) type and quantity of studies and samples; and (4) psychometric properties. The evaluation showed that GD instrumentation has proliferated, with 2.5 tools, on average, published annually since 2013. Coverage of DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria was inconsistent, especially for the criterion of continued use despite harm. Tools converge on the importance of screening for impaired control over gaming and functional impairment. Overall, no single tool was found to be clearly superior, but the AICA-Sgaming, GAS-7, IGDT-10, IGDS9-SF, and Lemmens IGD-9 scales had greater evidential support for their psychometric properties. The GD field would benefit from a standard international tool to identify gaming-related harms across the spectrum of maladaptive gaming behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L King
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Joel Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dan Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kai Mueller
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy at the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hans Juergen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - John Saunders
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Nepean Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Hae Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marcantonio Spada
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Katajun Lindenberg
- Institute for Psychology, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Tagrid Lemenager
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sophia Achab
- WHO Collaborating Center for Training and Research in Mental Health, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mike Kyrios
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Paul H Delfabbro
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Calear AL, Batterham PJ, Sunderland M, Carragher N. Development and Validation of Static and Adaptive Screeners to Assess Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:189-200. [PMID: 31343755 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to use a 23-item bank of self-reported symptoms of suicidal thoughts and behaviors to develop new brief measures of suicide risk using data-driven methods. Collectively referred to as the Rapid Measurement Toolkit for Suicidality (RMTS), the new brief static and adaptive measures would allow more efficient screening for suicide risk in clinical and research settings. METHOD Data for the current study consist of 3,175 Australian adults who form the development sample and 3,755 Australian adults who form the validation sample. Both samples were independently recruited online using Facebook advertisements. Item response theory (IRT) was applied to the 23-item suicide item bank to develop a brief static dimensional measure and to simulate various computerized adaptive algorithms. RESULTS A 5-item brief static dimensional screener was developed, which performed as well as the commonly used Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), with marginally greater sensitivity and more information across the continuum of suicidality. An adaptive screener required a mean of 6.2 items and correlated 0.98 with the full item bank. CONCLUSIONS The RMTS provides reliable and valid brief static and adaptive screeners for the measurement of suicide risk in community, research, and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sellbom M, Carragher N, Sunderland M, Calear AL, Batterham PJ. The role of maladaptive personality domains across multiple levels of the HiTOP structure. Personal Ment Health 2020; 14:30-50. [PMID: 31397079 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine associations between maladaptive personality traits and psychopathology from the perspective of the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP). We tested hierarchical structural models to further validate a portion of the structural components of HiTOP. We also tested a priori personality and psychopathology associations with three levels of the HiTOP hierarchy: general psychopathology, spectra and syndromes/disorders. We used a large sample from the general Australian population who completed a large set of personality and psychopathology inventories online. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that internalizing, externalizing and thought dysfunction spectra emerged structurally, as expected per HiTOP, but also revealed that obsessive-compulsive disorder loaded on both internalizing and thought dysfunction and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on both externalizing and internalizing. Furthermore, results indicated that almost all personality and psychopathology hypotheses were supported, although trait antagonism did not predict externalizing to the degree initially expected. Implications for personality and psychopathology are discussed. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McCallum SM, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Sunderland M, Carragher N, Kazan D. Associations of fatigue and sleep disturbance with nine common mental disorders. J Psychosom Res 2019; 123:109727. [PMID: 31376877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the contribution of nine mental/substance use disorders to fatigue and sleep disturbance. METHODS 3620 Australians aged 18 years or older recruited from the general community via Facebook during January-February 2016 completed an online survey assessing demographic characteristics, diagnosed medical conditions and nine mental disorders. Outcome measures were Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) fatigue and PROMIS sleep disturbance. RESULTS Overall, 56% of the sample met criteria for at least one mental disorder. Linear regression models of sleep disturbance revealed all mental disorders except obsessive compulsive disorder (β = 0.038) had independent associations with sleep disturbance, with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) (β = 0.173), major depressive disorder (MDD) (β = 0.117) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (β = 0.111) making the greatest contribution. Inclusion of fatigue in the model attenuated the effects of panic disorder, MDD and attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) to non-significance. For the outcome of fatigue, GAD (β = 0.223), MDD (β = 0.176) and PTSD (β = 0.147) made the greatest contributions, although all disorders had significant independent relationships. After adjusting for sleep disturbance, all mental disorders continued to make a significant contribution except for alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder. CONCLUSION Sleep disturbance and fatigue have independent associations with many mental disorders after correcting for comorbidity and known confounds. The disorders providing the greatest contribution to sleep disturbance and fatigue were GAD and MDD. Sleep disturbance and fatigue may be appropriate transdiagnostic targets for improving symptoms and global functioning for people with mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organisation Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland; Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominique Kazan
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
King DL, Delfabbro PH, Doh YY, Wu AMS, Kuss DJ, Pallesen S, Mentzoni R, Carragher N, Sakuma H. Policy and Prevention Approaches for Disordered and Hazardous Gaming and Internet Use: an International Perspective. Prev Sci 2019; 19:233-249. [PMID: 28677089 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-017-0813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Problems related to high levels of gaming and Internet usage are increasingly recognized as a potential public health burden across the developed world. The aim of this review was to present an international perspective on prevention strategies for Internet gaming disorder and related health conditions (e.g., Internet addiction), as well as hazardous gaming and Internet use. A systematic review of quantitative research evidence was conducted, followed by a search of governmental reports, policy and position statements, and health guidelines in the last decade. The regional scope included the USA, UK, Australia, China, Germany, Japan, and South Korea. Prevention studies have mainly involved school-based programs to train healthier Internet use habits in adolescents. The efficacy of selective prevention is promising but warrants further empirical attention. On an international scale, the formal recognition of gaming or Internet use as a disorder or as having quantifiable harms at certain levels of usage has been foundational to developing structured prevention responses. The South Korean model, in particular, is an exemplar of a coordinated response to a public health threat, with extensive government initiatives and long-term strategic plans at all three levels of prevention (i.e., universal, selective, and indicated). Western regions, by comparison, are dominated by prevention approaches led by non-profit organizations and private enterprise. The future of prevention of gaming and Internet problems ultimately relies upon all stakeholders working collaboratively in the public interest, confronting the reality of the evidence base and developing practical, ethical, and sustainable countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L King
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Level 5, Hughes Building, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Paul H Delfabbro
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Level 5, Hughes Building, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Young Yim Doh
- Graduate School of Culture Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Zhuhai, China
| | - Daria J Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Mentzoni
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Sakuma
- National Hospital Organization, Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Conway CC, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Fried EI, Hallquist MN, Kotov R, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Shackman AJ, Skodol AE, South SC, Sunderland M, Waszczuk MA, Zald DH, Afzali MH, Bornovalova MA, Carragher N, Docherty AR, Jonas KG, Krueger RF, Patalay P, Pincus AL, Tackett JL, Reininghaus U, Waldman ID, Wright AG, Zimmermann J, Bach B, Bagby RM, Chmielewski M, Cicero DC, Clark LA, Dalgleish T, DeYoung CG, Hopwood CJ, Ivanova MY, Latzman RD, Patrick CJ, Ruggero CJ, Samuel DB, Watson D, Eaton NR. A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research. Perspect Psychol Sci 2019; 14:419-436. [PMID: 30844330 PMCID: PMC6497550 DOI: 10.1177/1745691618810696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For more than a century, research on psychopathology has focused on categorical diagnoses. Although this work has produced major discoveries, growing evidence points to the superiority of a dimensional approach to the science of mental illness. Here we outline one such dimensional system-the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)-that is based on empirical patterns of co-occurrence among psychological symptoms. We highlight key ways in which this framework can advance mental-health research, and we provide some heuristics for using HiTOP to test theories of psychopathology. We then review emerging evidence that supports the value of a hierarchical, dimensional model of mental illness across diverse research areas in psychological science. These new data suggest that the HiTOP system has the potential to accelerate and improve research on mental-health problems as well as efforts to more effectively assess, prevent, and treat mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Conway
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Miriam K. Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Eiko I. Fried
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael N. Hallquist
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Alexander J. Shackman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E. Skodol
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Susan C. South
- Purdue University, Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Monika A. Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Natacha Carragher
- Medical Education and Student Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Katherine G. Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aaron L. Pincus
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | | | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Aidan G.C. Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - R. Michael Bagby
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - David C. Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin G. DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Masha Y. Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Robert D. Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Camilo J. Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Douglas B. Samuel
- Purdue University, Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas R. Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sunderland M, Afzali MH, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Carragher N, Hobbs M, Mahoney A, Peters L, Slade T. Comparing Scores From Full Length, Short Form, and Adaptive Tests of the Social Interaction Anxiety and Social Phobia Scales. Assessment 2019; 27:518-532. [PMID: 30873852 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119832657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The current study developed and examined the performance of a computerized adaptive version of the Social Interaction Anxiety and Social Phobia Scales (SIAS/SPS) and compared results with a previously developed static short form (SIAS-6/SPS-6) in terms of measurement precision, concordance with the full forms, and sensitivity to treatment. Among an online sample of Australian adults, there were relatively minor differences in the performance of the adaptive tests and static short forms when compared with the full scales. Moreover, both adaptive and static short forms generated similar effect sizes across treatment in a clinical sample. This provides further evidence for the use of static or adaptive short forms of the SIAS/SPS rather than the lengthier 20-item versions. However, at the individual level, the adaptive tests were able to maintain an acceptable level of precision, using few items as possible, across the severity continua in contrast to the static short forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip J Batterham
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Megan Hobbs
- UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Lorna Peters
- Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sheridan P, Carragher L, Carragher N, Treacy J. Development and validation of an instrument to measure stress among older adult nursing students: The Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale. J Clin Nurs 2019; 28:1336-1345. [PMID: 30485587 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To report the development, testing and validation of an instrument to assess the stressors experienced by student nurses during their older adult clinical placements. BACKGROUND The world's population of older adults is accelerating rapidly, with associated increased healthcare demands and a growing need for skilled nursing staff. However, this sector fails to attract adequate numbers of nursing graduates which is leading to a significant gap between nursing supply and demand. Older adult care is considered to be less attractive than other specialties and accompanied by more sources of stress. DESIGN A quantitative design was used. METHODS Data were collected from a cohort of Irish student nurses (n = 242) completing older adult clinical placements as part of their undergraduate degree. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis examined the instrument's underlying latent structure. Discriminant validity was investigated using a confirmatory factor analysis model with covariates. STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies informed reporting of this paper's research. RESULTS Factor analyses identified two factors relating to "Knowledge and Workload" and "Resources," which were assessed by nine and six items, respectively. Discriminant validity analyses found a significant relationship between age and the workload and knowledge factor, and between year of programme and the resources factor. The new instrument was labelled the Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale. CONCLUSIONS The SNS-15 contained some overlap with stressors from extant general student nurse stress instruments and a number of unique stressors encountered in older adult care. Future research directions are discussed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The SNS-15 may assist stakeholders in nurse education and practice with the development of undergraduate degree programmes and clinical placements, and ultimately, in improving patient care and student retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Carragher
- Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
| | | | - Joe Treacy
- Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McCallum SM, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Sunderland M, Carragher N. Reductions in quality of life and increased economic burden associated with mental disorders in an Australian adult sample. AUST HEALTH REV 2019; 43:644-652. [DOI: 10.1071/ah16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a broad range of common mental disorders and their comorbidity on health-related quality of life and functional disability.
Methods
In all, 2734 Australians aged ≥18 years, recruited from the general community via Facebook during August–December 2014, completed an online survey assessing demographic characteristics, nine mental disorders, suicidal ideation and attempt. Outcome measures were health-related quality of life (assessed using the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL)-4D measure and functional disability (days out of role).
Results
Overall, 53.1% of the sample met criteria for at least one mental disorder. Participants with each of the 11 mental health problems had significantly lower mean AQoL-4D scores and significantly greater functional disability compared with not having the disorder (P<0.001). A monotonic decrease in quality of life and an increase in functional disability were observed with an increased total number of comorbid disorders (P<0.001). Accounting for disorder prevalence, annual economic burden for each mental disorder was estimated to be in the range of A$870 million–A$17 billion.
Conclusions
Mental disorders negatively affect health-related quality of life and functional disability, exacerbated by increased comorbidity. The economic burden to participants and employers estimated in this study is of concern, and highlights the importance of evidence-based treatment and prevention approaches.
What is known about the topic?
Mental disorders are associated with poorer health-related quality of life, increased functional disability and increased economic costs.
What does this paper add?
This paper furthers our understanding of the associations of nine mental disorders, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts with quality of life in an Australian setting, highlighting the considerable economic implications of these associations. Further, it reveals that comorbidity of mental disorders exacerbates reductions in quality of life and increased functional disability.
What are the implications for practitioners?
The economic burden associated with lost productivity and quality of life for individuals with mental disorders is considerable. Therefore, prioritising funding to prevention and treatment using evidence-based approaches will have significant effect in terms of economic productivity and personal well-being for individuals.
Collapse
|
19
|
Király O, Bőthe B, Ramos-Diaz J, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Lukavska K, Hrabec O, Miovsky M, Billieux J, Deleuze J, Nuyens F, Karila L, Griffiths MD, Nagygyörgy K, Urbán R, Potenza MN, King DL, Rumpf HJ, Carragher N, Demetrovics Z. Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10): Measurement invariance and cross-cultural validation across seven language-based samples. Psychol Addict Behav 2018; 33:91-103. [PMID: 30589307 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) is a short screening instrument developed to assess Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), adopting a concise, clear, and consistent item-wording. According to initial studies conducted in 2014, the instrument showed promising psychometric characteristics. The present study tested the psychometric properties, including language and gender invariance, in a large international sample of online gamers. In this study, data were collected from 7,193 participants comprising Hungarian (n = 3,924), Iranian (n = 791), English-speaking (n = 754), French-speaking (n = 421), Norwegian (n = 195), Czech (n = 496), and Peruvian (n = 612) online gamers via gaming-related websites and gaming-related social-networking-site groups. A unidimensional factor structure provided a good fit to the data in all language-based samples. In addition, results indicated both language and gender invariance on the level of scalar invariance. Criterion and construct validity of the IGDT-10 was supported by its strong association with the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire and moderate association with weekly gaming time, psychopathological symptoms, and impulsivity. The proportions of each sample that met the cut-off score on the IGDT-10 varied between 1.61% and 4.48% in the individual samples, except for the Peruvian sample (13.44%). The IGDT-10 shows robust psychometric properties and appears suitable for conducting cross-cultural and gender comparisons across seven languages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
20
|
Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Christensen H, Carragher N, Sunderland M. Independent Effects of Mental Disorders on Suicidal Behavior in the Community. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2018; 48:512-521. [PMID: 28782126 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the independent contributions of nine common mental disorders on suicide ideation and suicide attempt. A community-based survey of Australian adults (N = 3,175) was conducted to identify common mental disorders associated with recent suicide attempt. Nine disorders were assessed using DSM-5 clinical criteria. Logistic regression models indicated that all disorders were significantly and independently associated with suicide ideation. However, only obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder were significantly associated with suicide attempt among participants with ideation, independently of other disorders (OR = 2.0 for both). Increasing comorbidity had a significant monotonic association with suicide ideation but not attempts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sriskandarajah P, Macleod K, Carragher N, Kaiser M, Whittaker S. Trametinib synergizes with dexamethasone in KRAS-mutant myeloma cell lines through modulation of NDRG1 and induction of apoptosis. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy268.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
22
|
Newton NC, Teesson M, Mather M, Champion KE, Barrett EL, Stapinski L, Carragher N, Kelly E, Conrod PJ, Slade T. Universal cannabis outcomes from the Climate and Preventure (CAP) study: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2018; 13:34. [PMID: 30253790 PMCID: PMC6157057 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-018-0171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The Climate and Preventure (CAP) study was the first trial to assess and demonstrate the effectiveness of a combined universal and selective approach for preventing alcohol use and related harms among adolescents. The current paper reports universal effects from the CAP study on cannabis-related outcomes over three years. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with 2190 students from twenty-six Australian high schools (mean age: 13.3 yrs., SD 0.48). Participants were randomised to one of four conditions; universal prevention for all students (Climate); selective prevention for high-risk students (Preventure); combined universal and selective prevention (Climate and Preventure; CAP); or health education as usual (Control). Participants were assessed at baseline, post intervention (6–9 months post baseline), and at 12-, 24- and 36-months, on measures of cannabis use, knowledge and related harms. This paper compares cannabis-related knowledge, harms and cannabis use in the Control, Climate and CAP groups as specified in the protocol, using multilevel mixed linear models to assess outcomes. Results Compared to Control, the Climate and CAP groups showed significantly greater increases in cannabis-related knowledge initially (p < 0.001), and had higher knowledge at the 6, 12 and 24-month follow-ups. There was no significant difference between the Climate and CAP groups. While no differences were detected between Control and the CAP and Climate groups on cannabis use or cannabis-related harms, the prevalence of these outcomes was lower than anticipated, possibly limiting power to detect intervention effects. Additional Bayesian analyses exploring confidence in accepting the null hypothesis showed there was insufficient evidence to conclude that the interventions had no effect, or to conclude that they had a meaningfully large effect. Conclusions Both the universal Climate and the combined CAP programs were effective in increasing cannabis-related knowledge for up to 2 years. The evidence was inconclusive regarding whether the interventions reduced cannabis use and cannabis-related harms. A longer-term follow-up will ascertain whether the interventions become effective in reducing these outcomes as adolescents transition into early adulthood. Trial registration This trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12612000026820) on the 6th of January 2012, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=347906&isReview=true Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13011-018-0171-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Newton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Maree Teesson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Marius Mather
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Katrina E Champion
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Emma L Barrett
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Erin Kelly
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,CHU Ste Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tim Slade
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rumpf HJ, Achab S, Billieux J, Bowden-Jones H, Carragher N, Demetrovics Z, Higuchi S, King DL, Mann K, Potenza M, Saunders JB, Abbott M, Ambekar A, Aricak OT, Assanangkornchai S, Bahar N, Borges G, Brand M, Chan EML, Chung T, Derevensky J, Kashef AE, Farrell M, Fineberg NA, Gandin C, Gentile DA, Griffiths MD, Goudriaan AE, Grall-Bronnec M, Hao W, Hodgins DC, Ip P, Király O, Lee HK, Kuss D, Lemmens JS, Long J, Lopez-Fernandez O, Mihara S, Petry NM, Pontes HM, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rehbein F, Rehm J, Scafato E, Sharma M, Spritzer D, Stein DJ, Tam P, Weinstein A, Wittchen HU, Wölfling K, Zullino D, Poznyak V. Including gaming disorder in the ICD-11: The need to do so from a clinical and public health perspective. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:556-561. [PMID: 30010410 PMCID: PMC6426367 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The proposed introduction of gaming disorder (GD) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) has led to a lively debate over the past year. Besides the broad support for the decision in the academic press, a recent publication by van Rooij et al. (2018) repeated the criticism raised against the inclusion of GD in ICD-11 by Aarseth et al. (2017). We argue that this group of researchers fails to recognize the clinical and public health considerations, which support the WHO perspective. It is important to recognize a range of biases that may influence this debate; in particular, the gaming industry may wish to diminish its responsibility by claiming that GD is not a public health problem, a position which maybe supported by arguments from scholars based in media psychology, computer games research, communication science, and related disciplines. However, just as with any other disease or disorder in the ICD-11, the decision whether or not to include GD is based on clinical evidence and public health needs. Therefore, we reiterate our conclusion that including GD reflects the essence of the ICD and will facilitate treatment and prevention for those who need it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,Corresponding author: PD Dr. Hans-Jürgen Rumpf; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Phone: +49 451 5009 8751; Fax: +49 451 5009 8754; E-mail:
| | - Sophia Achab
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Service of Addictology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,Geneva WHO Collaborating Center for Training and Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joël Billieux
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Henrietta Bowden-Jones
- Central North West London NHS Trust, Division of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daniel L. King
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karl Mann
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Child Study Center, The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John B. Saunders
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Max Abbott
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Atul Ambekar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sawitri Assanangkornchai
- Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Alcohol Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Norharlina Bahar
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition Center for Behavioral Addiction Research, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Elda Mei-Lo Chan
- Integrated Centre on Addiction Prevention and Treatment, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Jeff Derevensky
- Applied Child Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ahmad El Kashef
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi A. Fineberg
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK,Department of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Claudia Gandin
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, National Observatory on Alcohol, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Mental Health Care, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wei Hao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David C. Hodgins
- Department of Psychology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick Ip
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hae Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daria Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jeroen S. Lemmens
- Center for Research on Children, Adolescents, and the Media, Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiang Long
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Olatz Lopez-Fernandez
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Satoko Mihara
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nancy M. Petry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Halley M. Pontes
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Florian Rehbein
- Criminological Research Institute Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Epidemiological Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuele Scafato
- National Observatory on Alcohol, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Manoi Sharma
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Daniel Spritzer
- Study Group on Technological Addictions, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Philip Tam
- Network for Internet Investigation and Research in Australia, The Delta Clinic, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aviv Weinstein
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Ariel, Ariel, Israel
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Epidemiological Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniele Zullino
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Service of Addictology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Poznyak
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sunderland M, Batterham P, Calear A, Carragher N, Baillie A, Slade T. High agreement was obtained across scores from multiple equated scales for social anxiety disorder using item response theory. J Clin Epidemiol 2018; 99:132-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
25
|
Keatley DA, Hardcastle SJ, Carragher N, Chikritzhs TN, Daube M, Lonsdale A, Hagger MS. Attitudes and beliefs towards alcohol minimum pricing in Western Australia. Health Promot Int 2018; 33:400-409. [PMID: 28011651 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daw092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling data have provided good evidence to support the efficacy of a minimum pricing policy for alcoholic beverages as a means to reduce alcohol consumption and risky and harmful drinking. The aim of the present study was to investigate attitudes and beliefs towards a minimum price policy for alcohol among members of the general public in Western Australia (WA). The study also explored what factors might promote acceptance of the policy. Eleven focus groups, comprising participants from a broad range of backgrounds in WA, were conducted. Using a facilitator-administered semi-structured interview schedule participants discussed their beliefs about the policy and how its acceptability might be promoted. Transcriptions of discussions were analysed using qualitative inductive content analysis for emergent themes. Three major themes emerged: attitudes towards the policy, beliefs about effectiveness and strategies to increase acceptability. Participants expressed negative attitudes towards the policy and thought that it would lead to increased crime, drug use and financial strain. Participants identified the policy as unfair on disadvantaged groups, and suggested that individuals would find a way to procure alcohol regardless of minimum pricing policies. Suggestions to make the policy more acceptable included increasing alcohol education and directing the revenue towards alcohol reduction initiatives. Participants' negative views and perceived lack of effectiveness corroborate research conducted in the UK. Information and education campaigns aimed at reducing misunderstanding of the policy and highlighting its effectiveness may help to promote greater acceptability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Keatley
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sarah J Hardcastle
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Mike Daube
- Public Health Advocacy Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Adam Lonsdale
- Department of Psychology, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin S Hagger
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Department of Sports Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.,School of Human, Health, and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Batterham PJ, Sunderland M, Slade T, Calear AL, Carragher N. Assessing distress in the community: psychometric properties and crosswalk comparison of eight measures of psychological distress. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1316-1324. [PMID: 28967345 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many measures are available for measuring psychological distress in the community. Limited research has compared these scales to identify the best performing tools. A common metric for distress measures would enable researchers and clinicians to equate scores across different measures. The current study evaluated eight psychological distress scales and developed crosswalks (tables/figures presenting multiple scales on a common metric) to enable scores on these scales to be equated. METHODS An Australian online adult sample (N = 3620, 80% female) was administered eight psychological distress measures: Patient Health Questionnaire-4, Kessler-10/Kessler-6, Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ5), Mental Health Inventory-5, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), Self-Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) and Distress Thermometer. The performance of each measure in identifying DSM-5 criteria for a range of mental disorders was tested. Scale fit to a unidimensional latent construct was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Finally, crosswalks were developed using Item Response Theory. RESULTS The DQ5 had optimal performance in identifying individuals meeting DSM-5 criteria, with adequate fit to a unidimensional construct. The HSCL-25 and SRQ-20 also had adequate fit but poorer specificity and/or sensitivity than the DQ5 in identifying caseness. The unidimensional CFA of the combined item bank for the eight scales showed acceptable fit, enabling the creation of crosswalk tables. CONCLUSIONS The DQ5 had optimal performance in identifying risk of mental health problems. The crosswalk tables developed in this study will enable rapid conversion between distress measures, providing more efficient means of data aggregation and a resource to facilitate interpretation of scores from multiple distress scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research,The Australian National University,Canberra,Australia
| | - M Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
| | - T Slade
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
| | - A L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research,The Australian National University,Canberra,Australia
| | - N Carragher
- Office of Medical Education,University of New South Wales,Sydney,NSW,Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McElroy E, Belsky J, Carragher N, Fearon P, Patalay P. Developmental stability of general and specific factors of psychopathology from early childhood to adolescence: dynamic mutualism or p-differentiation? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:667-675. [PMID: 29197107 PMCID: PMC6001631 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research indicates that the best-fitting structural model of psychopathology includes a general factor capturing comorbidity (p) and several more specific, orthogonal factors. Little is known about the stability of these factors, although two opposing developmental processes have been proposed: dynamic mutualism suggests that symptom-level interaction and reinforcement may lead to a strengthening of comorbidity (p) over time, whereas p-differentiation suggests a general vulnerability to psychopathology that gives way to increasingly distinct patterns of symptoms over time. In order to test both processes, we examine two forms of developmental stability from ages 2 to 14 years: strength (i.e., consistency in the amount of variance explained by general and specific factors) and phenotypic stability (i.e., homotypic and heterotypic continuity). METHODS Data are from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed nine times between ages 2 and 14 years (n = 1,253) using the Child Behavior Checklist completed by mothers. Confirmatory bifactor modeling was used to test structural models of psychopathology at each age. Consistency in strength was examined by calculating the Explained Common Variance (ECV) and phenotypic stability was investigated with cross-lagged modeling of the general and specific factors. RESULTS Bifactor models fit the data well across this developmental period. ECV values were reasonably consistent across development, with the general factor accounting for the majority of shared variance (61%-71%). Evidence of both homotypic and heterotypic continuity emerged, with most heterotypic continuity involving the general factor, as it both predicted and was predicted by specific factors. CONCLUSIONS A bifactor model effectively captures psychopathological comorbidity from early childhood through adolescence. The longitudinal associations between the general and specific factors provide evidence for both the hypothesized processes (dynamic mutualism and p-differentiation) occurring through development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin McElroy
- Institute of Psychology Health and SocietyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human EcologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical EducationUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Institute of Psychology Health and SocietyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Afzali MH, Sunderland M, Carragher N, Conrod P. The Structure of Psychopathology in Early Adolescence: Study of a Canadian Sample: La structure de la psychopathologie au début de l'adolescence: étude d'un échantillon canadien. Can J Psychiatry 2018; 63:223-230. [PMID: 29061067 PMCID: PMC5894914 DOI: 10.1177/0706743717737032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigates the correlational structure of psychopathology in a large sample of Canadian adolescents and highlights the association between the psychopathological dimensions and gender. METHOD Data came from 3826 Canadian adolescents aged 12.8 ± 0.4 y. Five alternative dimensional models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis, and the association between gender, language, and the mean level of psychopathological dimensions was examined using a multiple-indicators multiple-causes model. RESULTS A bifactor model with 1 general psychopathology factor and 3 specific dimensions (internalizing, externalizing, thought disorder) provided the best fit to the data. Results indicated metric invariance of the bifactor structure with respect to language. Females reported higher mean levels of internalizing, and males reported higher mean levels of externalizing. No significant sex differences emerged in liability to thought disorder or general psychopathology. The presence of a general psychopathology factor increased the association between gender and specific dimensions. CONCLUSIONS The current study is the first to highlight the bifactor structure including a specific thought disorder factor in a Canadian sample of adolescents. The findings further highlight the importance of transdiagnostic approaches to prevention and intervention among young adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Afzali
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- 2 Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- 3 Medical Education and Student Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patricia Conrod
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Carragher N, Sunderland M. Prevalence and predictors of distress associated with completion of an online survey assessing mental health and suicidality in the community. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:348-350. [PMID: 28843625 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While there is evidence that mental health surveys do not typically increase distress, limited research has examined distress in online surveys. The study investigated whether completion of a 60-min online community-based mental health survey (n = 3620) was associated with reliable increases in psychological distress. 2.5% of respondents had a reliable increase in distress, compared to 5.0% with a reliable decrease, and decreased distress overall across the sample (Cohen's d = -0.22, p < 0.001). Initial depression/anxiety symptoms were associated with increased distress, but suicidality was not. Online mental health surveys are associated with low prevalence of increased distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, 63 Eggleston Road, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, 63 Eggleston Road, Canberra, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sunderland M, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Carragher N. The development and validation of static and adaptive screeners to measure the severity of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2017; 26:e1561. [PMID: 28370638 PMCID: PMC6877206 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of static and adaptive screeners for panic disorder, social anxiety disorder (SAD), and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) were developed and compared using data-driven methods to facilitate the measurement of each disorder in community samples. Data comprised 3175 respondents for the development sample and 3755 respondents for the validation sample, recruited independently using Facebook advertising. Item Response Theory (IRT) was utilized to develop static continuous screeners and to simulate computerized adaptive algorithms. The screeners consisted of a small subset of items from each bank (79% reduction in items for panic disorder, 85% reduction in items for SAD, and 84% reduction in items for OCD) that provided similar scores (r = 0.88-0.96). Both static and adaptive screeners were valid with respect to existing scales that purportedly measure similar constructs (r > 0.70 for panic disorder, r > 0.76 for SAD, and r > 0.68 for OCD). The adaptive scales were able to maintain a higher level of precision in comparison to the static scales and evidenced slightly higher concordance with scores generated by the full item banks. The screeners for panic disorder, SAD, and OCD could be used as a flexible approach to measure and monitor the severity of psychopathology in tailored treatment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Afzali MH, Sunderland M, Batterham PJ, Carragher N, Slade T. Trauma characteristics, post-traumatic symptoms, psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviours: Results from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51:1142-1151. [PMID: 29087229 DOI: 10.1177/0004867416683815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether trauma characteristics such as the type and number of traumatic events were associated with three suicidal behaviours (i.e. ideation, plan and attempt) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, post-traumatic symptoms and history of psychiatric disorders. METHOD Data came from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing ( N = 8841). Respondents were asked about exposure to 28 traumatic events that occurred during their lifetime. Suicidal behaviours were measured using three statements about whether the person ever seriously thought about or planned or attempted suicide. RESULTS Sexual violence and exposure to multiple traumatic events were particularly associated with suicidal behaviours. The presence of the emotional numbing symptom cluster and co-occurrence of three psychiatric disorders (major depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder) also increased the odds of suicidal behaviours. Analysis of age of onset revealed that the mean age of traumatic exposure was earlier than the age at which suicidal behaviours emerged. CONCLUSIONS The current study is the first to demonstrate that sexual violence and exposure to multiple traumatic events are associated with suicidal behaviours in a representative sample of Australian adults. The results underline the potential benefits of thorough assessment of trauma history, post-traumatic symptoms and history of psychiatric disorders and their additive contribution in suicide risk among trauma victims. These findings can be used by clinicians and researchers for early intervention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Afzali
- 1 NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- 1 NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- 2 National Institute for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- 3 Medical Education and Student Office, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- 1 NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Saunders JB, Hao W, Long J, King DL, Mann K, Fauth-Bühler M, Rumpf HJ, Bowden-Jones H, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Chung T, Chan E, Bahar N, Achab S, Lee HK, Potenza M, Petry N, Spritzer D, Ambekar A, Derevensky J, Griffiths MD, Pontes HM, Kuss D, Higuchi S, Mihara S, Assangangkornchai S, Sharma M, Kashef AE, Ip P, Farrell M, Scafato E, Carragher N, Poznyak V. Gaming disorder: Its delineation as an important condition for diagnosis, management, and prevention. J Behav Addict 2017; 6:271-279. [PMID: 28816494 PMCID: PMC5700714 DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Online gaming has greatly increased in popularity in recent years, and with this has come a multiplicity of problems due to excessive involvement in gaming. Gaming disorder, both online and offline, has been defined for the first time in the draft of 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). National surveys have shown prevalence rates of gaming disorder/addiction of 10%-15% among young people in several Asian countries and of 1%-10% in their counterparts in some Western countries. Several diseases related to excessive gaming are now recognized, and clinics are being established to respond to individual, family, and community concerns, but many cases remain hidden. Gaming disorder shares many features with addictions due to psychoactive substances and with gambling disorder, and functional neuroimaging shows that similar areas of the brain are activated. Governments and health agencies worldwide are seeking for the effects of online gaming to be addressed, and for preventive approaches to be developed. Central to this effort is a need to delineate the nature of the problem, which is the purpose of the definitions in the draft of ICD-11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John B. Saunders
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Corresponding author: John B. Saunders; Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, 1 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; Phone: +61 2 9252 0959; E-mail:
| | - Wei Hao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daniel L. King
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karl Mann
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mira Fauth-Bühler
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrietta Bowden-Jones
- Central North West London NHS Trust and Division of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elda Chan
- Integrated Centre on Addiction Prevention and Treatment, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Norharlina Bahar
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sophia Achab
- Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hae Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marc Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Child Study Center, and The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nancy Petry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Spritzer
- Study Group on Technological Addictions, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Atul Ambekar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeffrey Derevensky
- Applied Child Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Halley M. Pontes
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daria Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Mihara
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sawitri Assangangkornchai
- Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Alcohol Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Manoj Sharma
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ahmad El Kashef
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Emanuele Scafato
- National Observatory on Alcohol, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Poznyak
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Teesson M, Newton NC, Slade T, Carragher N, Barrett EL, Champion KE, Kelly EV, Nair NK, Stapinski LA, Conrod PJ. Combined universal and selective prevention for adolescent alcohol use: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1761-1770. [PMID: 28222825 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No existing models of alcohol prevention concurrently adopt universal and selective approaches. This study aims to evaluate the first combined universal and selective approach to alcohol prevention. METHOD A total of 26 Australian schools with 2190 students (mean age: 13.3 years) were randomized to receive: universal prevention (Climate Schools); selective prevention (Preventure); combined prevention (Climate Schools and Preventure; CAP); or health education as usual (control). Primary outcomes were alcohol use, binge drinking and alcohol-related harms at 6, 12 and 24 months. RESULTS Climate, Preventure and CAP students demonstrated significantly lower growth in their likelihood to drink and binge drink, relative to controls over 24 months. Preventure students displayed significantly lower growth in their likelihood to experience alcohol harms, relative to controls. While adolescents in both the CAP and Climate groups demonstrated slower growth in drinking compared with adolescents in the control group over the 2-year study period, CAP adolescents demonstrated faster growth in drinking compared with Climate adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Findings support universal, selective and combined approaches to alcohol prevention. Particularly novel are the findings of no advantage of the combined approach over universal or selective prevention alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Teesson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - N C Newton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - T Slade
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - N Carragher
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - E L Barrett
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - K E Champion
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - E V Kelly
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - N K Nair
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - L A Stapinski
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use (CREMS), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales,Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - P J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry,Université de Montréal,Montréal,Quebec,Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sunderland M, Batterham P, Carragher N, Calear A, Slade T. Developing and Validating a Computerized Adaptive Test to Measure Broad and Specific Factors of Internalizing in a Community Sample. Assessment 2017; 26:1030-1045. [PMID: 28467115 DOI: 10.1177/1073191117707817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient assessments that better account for comorbidity between mood and anxiety disorders (internalizing) are required to identify individuals who are most at risk of psychopathology in the community. The current study examined the efficiency and validity associated with a multidimensional computerized adaptive test (CAT) to measure broad and specific levels of internalizing psychopathology. The sample comprised 3,175 respondents to an online survey. Items from five banks (generalized anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder) were jointly calibrated using a bifactor item response theory model. Simulations indicated that an adaptive algorithm could accurately (rs ≥ 0.90) estimate general internalizing and specific disorder scores using on average 44 items in comparison with the full 133-item bank (67% reduction in items). Scores on the CAT demonstrate convergent and divergent validity with previously validated short severity scales and could significantly differentiate cases of DSM-5 disorder. As such, the CAT validly measures both broad and specific constructs of internalizing disorders in a manner similar to the full item bank and a static brief form but with greater gains in efficiency and, therefore, a reduced degree of respondent burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Batterham
- 2 Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Alison Calear
- 2 Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- 1 University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
King DL, Delfabbro PH, Wu AMS, Doh YY, Kuss DJ, Pallesen S, Mentzoni R, Carragher N, Sakuma H. Treatment of Internet gaming disorder: An international systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 54:123-133. [PMID: 28458097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment services for Internet gaming disorder are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, particularly in East Asia. This international systematic review was designed to appraise the quality standards of the gaming disorder treatment literature, a task previously undertaken by King et al. (2011) prior to the inclusion of Internet gaming disorder in Section III of the DSM-5 and 'Gaming disorder' in the draft ICD-11. The reporting quality of 30 treatment studies conducted from 2007 to 2016 was assessed. Reporting quality was defined according to the 2010 Consolidating Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement. The results reaffirmed previous criticisms of these trials, namely: (a) inconsistencies in the definition, diagnosis, and measurement of disordered use; (b) lack of randomization and blinding; (c) lack of controls; and (d) insufficient information on recruitment dates, sample characteristics, and effect sizes. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy has a larger evidence base than other therapies, it remains difficult to make definitive statements on its benefits. Study design quality has not improved over the last decade, indicating a need for greater consistency and standardization in this area. Continuing international efforts to understand the core psychopathology of gaming disorder are vital to developing a model of best practice in treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L King
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, China
| | - Young Yim Doh
- Graduate School of Culture Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Daria J Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Mentzoni
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Sakuma
- National Hospital Organization, Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Afzali MH, Sunderland M, Batterham PJ, Carragher N, Calear A, Slade T. Network approach to the symptom-level association between alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:329-339. [PMID: 28013328 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The high prevalence of alcohol use disorder among individuals with a history of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder is well documented. The current study applied network analysis to map the structure of symptom associations between these disorders. METHODS Data come from a community sample of 449 Australian adults with a history of trauma and alcohol consumption during the last 12 months. Data analysis consisted of the construction of the comorbidity network of PTSD/AUD symptoms, identification of the bridging symptoms, computation of the centrality measures, and evaluation of the robustness of the results. RESULTS Results highlighted two main symptom clusters, corresponding to two disorders, and that only nine edges connected the two clusters. Bridging symptoms connecting the two clusters were: alcohol use in dangerous situations, physical or mental health problems as a result of alcohol use, loss of interest or reduced social activities, and reckless/self-destructive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Identification of both central symptoms, because of their key role in the constellation and strong associations with majority of symptoms, and bridge symptoms, because of their mediating role between two disorders, has some implications in terms of self-medication and risk-taking/self-regulation theories of comorbidity and provides a number of clinical implications, which warrants further exploration within clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Afzali
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- National Institute for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Faulty of Medicine, Office of Medical Education, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison Calear
- National Institute for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Silove D, Baker JR, Mohsin M, Teesson M, Creamer M, O'Donnell M, Forbes D, Carragher N, Slade T, Mills K, Bryant R, McFarlane A, Steel Z, Felmingham K, Rees S. The contribution of gender-based violence and network trauma to gender differences in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171879. [PMID: 28207775 PMCID: PMC5313180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs twice as commonly amongst women as men. Two common domains of trauma, network trauma and gender based violence (GBV), may contribute to this gender difference in PTSD rates. We examined data from a nationally representative sample of the Australian population to clarify the characteristics of these two trauma domains in their contributions to PTSD rates in men and women. Methods We drew on data from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being to assess gender differences across a comprehensive range of trauma domains, including (1) prevalence of lifetime exposure; (2) identification of an index trauma or DSM-IV Criterion A event; and (3) the likelihood of developing full DSM-IV PTSD symptoms once an index trauma was identified. Results Men reported more traumatic events (TEs) overall but women reported twice the prevalence of lifetime PTSD (women, 13.4%; men, 6.3%). Women reported a threefold higher level of exposure to GBV and were seven times more likely to nominate GBV as the index trauma as compared to men. Women were twice more likely than men to identify a network trauma as the index trauma and more likely to meet full PTSD symptoms in relation to that event (women, 20.6%; men, 14.6%). Conclusion Women are more likely to identify GBV and network trauma as an index trauma. Women’s far greater exposure to GBV contributes to their higher prevalence of PTSD. Women are markedly more likely to develop PTSD when network trauma is identified as the index trauma. Preventing exposure to GBV and providing timely interventions for acute psychological reactions following network trauma may assist in reducing PTSD rates amongst women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Silove
- Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jess R. Baker
- Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohammed Mohsin
- Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Creamer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meaghan O'Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Mills
- Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander McFarlane
- Centre for traumatic Stress Studies, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zachary Steel
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim Felmingham
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan Rees
- Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Afzali MH, Sunderland M, Teesson M, Carragher N, Mills K, Slade T. A network approach to the comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: The role of overlapping symptoms. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:490-496. [PMID: 27810269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of symptom overlap between major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in comorbidity between two disorders is unclear. The current study applied network analysis to map the structure of symptom associations between these disorders. METHODS Data comes from a sample of 909 Australian adults with a lifetime history of trauma and depressive symptoms. Data analysis consisted of the construction of two comorbidity networks of PTSD/MDD with and without overlapping symptoms, identification of the bridging symptoms, and computation of the centrality measures. RESULTS The prominent bridging role of four overlapping symptoms (i.e., sleep problems, irritability, concentration problems, and loss of interest) and five non-overlapping symptoms (i.e., feeling sad, feelings of guilt, psychomotor retardation, foreshortened future, and experiencing flashbacks) is highlighted. LIMITATIONS The current study uses DSM-IV criteria for PTSD and does not take into consideration significant changes made to PTSD criteria in DSM-5. Moreover, due to cross-sectional nature of the data, network estimates do not provide information on whether a symptom actively triggers other symptoms or whether a symptom mostly is triggered by other symptoms. CONCLUSION The results support the role of dysphoria-related symptoms in PTSD/MDD comorbidity. Moreover, Identification of central symptoms and bridge symptoms will provide useful targets for interventions that seek to intervene early in the development of comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Afzali
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- Office of Medical Education, Faulty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Mills
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Batterham PJ, Sunderland M, Carragher N, Calear AL. Psychometric Properties of 7- and 30-Day Versions of the PROMIS Emotional Distress Item Banks in an Australian Adult Sample. Assessment 2017; 26:249-259. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191116685809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the PROMIS depression, anxiety, and anger item banks in a large Australian population-based sample. The study tested for unidimensionality; evaluated invariance across age, gender, and education; assessed local independence; and tested item bank scores as an indicator for clinical criteria. In addition, equivalence of the 7-day time frame against an alternative 30-day time frame was assessed. A sample of 3,175 Australian adults were recruited into the study through online advertising. All three item banks showed strong evidence of unidimensionality and parsimony, with no items showing local dependence. All items were invariant across age, gender, and education. The item banks were accurate in detecting clinical criteria for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder, although legacy measures designed for this purpose sometimes performed marginally better. Responses to the 30-day time frame were highly consistent with the original 7-day time frame. The study provided support for the validity of the PROMIS emotional distress item banks as measures of depression, anxiety, and anger in the Australian population, supporting the generalizability of the measures. The time frame chosen for assessing mental health outcomes using these item banks should be based on pragmatic considerations.
Collapse
|
40
|
Batterham PJ, Sunderland M, Carragher N, Calear AL. Development and community-based validation of eight item banks to assess mental health. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:453-62. [PMID: 27500552 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for precise but brief screening of mental health problems in a range of settings. The development of item banks to assess depression and anxiety has resulted in new adaptive and static screeners that accurately assess severity of symptoms. However, expansion to a wider array of mental health problems is required. The current study developed item banks for eight mental health problems: social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug use, psychosis and suicidality. The item banks were calibrated in a population-based Australian adult sample (N=3175) by administering large item pools (45-75 items) and excluding items on the basis of local dependence or measurement non-invariance. Item Response Theory parameters were estimated for each item bank using a two-parameter graded response model. Each bank consisted of 19-47 items, demonstrating excellent fit and precision across a range of -1 to 3 standard deviations from the mean. No previous study has developed such a broad range of mental health item banks. The calibrated item banks will form the basis of a new system of static and adaptive measures to screen for a broad array of mental health problems in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Newton NC, Conrod PJ, Slade T, Carragher N, Champion KE, Barrett EL, Kelly EV, Nair NK, Stapinski L, Teesson M. The long-term effectiveness of a selective, personality-targeted prevention program in reducing alcohol use and related harms: a cluster randomized controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:1056-65. [PMID: 27090500 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the long-term effectiveness of Preventure, a selective personality-targeted prevention program, in reducing the uptake of alcohol, harmful use of alcohol, and alcohol-related harms over a 3-year period. METHODS A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Preventure. Schools were block randomized to one of two groups: the Preventure group (n = 7 schools) and the Control group (n = 7 schools). Only students screening as high-risk on one of four personality profiles (anxiety sensitivity, negative thinking, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) were included in the analysis. All students were assessed at five time points over a 3-year period: baseline; immediately after the intervention; and 12, 24, and 36 months after baseline. Students were assessed on frequency of drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related harms. Two-part latent growth models were used to analyze intervention effects, which included all students with data available at each time point. This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12612000026820; www.anzctr.org.au). RESULTS A total of 438 high-risk adolescents (mean age, 13.4 years; SD = 0.47) from 14 Australian schools were recruited to the study and completed baseline assessments. Relative to high-risk Control students, high-risk Preventure students displayed significantly reduced growth in their likelihood to consume alcohol [b = -0.225 (0.061); p < .001], to binge drink [b = -0.305 (.096); p = 0.001], and to experience alcohol-related harms [b = -0.255 (0.096); p = .008] over 36 months. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study support the use of selective personality-targeted preventive interventions in reducing the uptake of alcohol, alcohol misuse, and related harms over the long term. This trial is the first to demonstrate the effects of a selective alcohol prevention program over a 3-year period and the first to demonstrate the effects of a selective preventive intervention in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Newton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Slade
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Office of Medical Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina E Champion
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma L Barrett
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin V Kelly
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natasha K Nair
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Swift W, Slade T, Carragher N, Coffey C, Degenhardt L, Hall W, Patton G. Adolescent Predictors of a Typology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms in Young Adults Derived by Latent Class Analysis Using Data From an Australian Cohort Study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016; 77:757-65. [DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
43
|
Carragher N, Teesson M, Sunderland M, Newton NC, Krueger RF, Conrod PJ, Barrett EL, Champion KE, Nair NK, Slade T. The structure of adolescent psychopathology: a symptom-level analysis. Psychol Med 2016; 46:981-994. [PMID: 26620582 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most empirical studies into the covariance structure of psychopathology have been confined to adults. This work is not developmentally informed as the meaning, age-of-onset, persistence and expression of disorders differ across the lifespan. This study investigates the underlying structure of adolescent psychopathology and associations between the psychopathological dimensions and sex and personality risk profiles for substance misuse and mental health problems. METHOD This study analyzed data from 2175 adolescents aged 13.3 years. Five dimensional models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis and the external validity was examined using a multiple-indicators multiple-causes model. RESULTS A modified bifactor model, with three correlated specific factors (internalizing, externalizing, thought disorder) and one general psychopathology factor, provided the best fit to the data. Females reported higher mean levels of internalizing, and males reported higher mean levels of externalizing. No significant sex differences emerged in liability to thought disorder or general psychopathology. Liability to internalizing, externalizing, thought disorder and general psychopathology was characterized by a number of differences in personality profiles. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to identify a bifactor model including a specific thought disorder factor. The findings highlight the utility of transdiagnostic treatment approaches and the importance of restructuring psychopathology in an empirically based manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Carragher
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
| | - M Teesson
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
| | - M Sunderland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
| | - N C Newton
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
| | - R F Krueger
- Department of Psychology,University of Minnesota,MN,USA
| | - P J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry,Université de Montréal,Montréal,Canada
| | - E L Barrett
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
| | - K E Champion
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
| | - N K Nair
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
| | - T Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sunderland M, Carragher N, Chapman C, Mills K, Teesson M, Lockwood E, Forbes D, Slade T. The shared and specific relationships between exposure to potentially traumatic events and transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology. J Anxiety Disord 2016; 38:102-9. [PMID: 26874292 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The experience of traumatic events has been linked to the development of psychopathology. Changing perspectives on psychopathology have resulted in the hypothesis that broad dimensional constructs account for the majority of variance across putatively distinct disorders. As such, traumatic events may be associated with several disorders due to their relationship with these broad dimensions rather than any direct disorder-specific relationship. The current study used data from 8871 Australians to test this hypothesis. Two broad dimensions accounted for the majority of relationships between traumatic events and mental and substance use disorders. Direct relationships remained between post-traumatic stress disorder and six categories of traumatic events in the total population and between drug dependence and accidents/disasters for males only. These results have strong implications for how psychopathology is conceptualized and offer some evidence that traumatic events are associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing psychopathology in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Natacha Carragher
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cath Chapman
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Mills
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma Lockwood
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Forbes
- Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Carragher N, Sunderland M, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Elhai JD, Chapman C, Mills K. Discriminant validity and gender differences in DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:56-67. [PMID: 26480212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) literature is replete with investigations of factor structure, however, few empirical studies have examined discriminant validity and the moderating role of gender on factor structure and symptom expression. This study aimed to address these gaps. METHODS An online, population-based study of 3175 Australian adults was conducted. This study analyzed data from 642 participants who reported a traumatic event. Overall, 10.2% (13.4% females, 7.6% males) met diagnostic criteria for current PTSD. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that eight factor models provided excellent fit to the data. The DSM-5 model, anhedonia and hybrid models provided strong fit to the data, based on statistical fit indices and parsimony. The models' factors were significantly associated with a number of external correlates. Factor structure was gender invariant for the three models, albeit significant latent mean-level differences were apparent in relation to the intrusion/re-experiencing and alterations in arousal and reactivity factors. Bonferroni-adjusted Wald chi-square tests indicated significant gender differences in four DSM-5 PTSD symptoms: females reported significantly higher rates of negative beliefs, diminished interest, restricted affect and sleep disturbance symptoms compared to men. LIMITATIONS Response rate to the survey was low. However, the number of respondents who completed the survey was high and population weights were employed to account for self-selection biases and aid generalizability. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide support for the DSM-5, anhedonia and hybrid models compared to alternative models based on DSM-5 symptoms. Discriminant validity analyses indicated similar patterns of significant associations with the transdiagnostic factors, potentially suggesting that all the PTSD factors are related to non-specific distress. Further research investigating how gender influences PTSD symptom expression is warranted, including possible gender differences in symptom item interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Carragher
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- National Institute for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- National Institute for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, United States
| | - Catherine Chapman
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Mills
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Sunderland M, Carragher N, Brewer JL. Online screening and feedback to increase help-seeking for mental health problems: population-based randomised controlled trial. BJPsych Open 2016; 2:67-73. [PMID: 27703756 PMCID: PMC4995576 DOI: 10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.001552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-based screening for mental health problems may increase service use through feedback to individuals about their severity of symptoms and provision of contacts for appropriate services. AIMS The effect of symptom feedback on service use was assessed. Secondary outcomes included symptom change and study attrition. METHOD Using online recruitment, 2773 participants completed a comprehensive survey including screening for depression (n=1366) or social anxiety (n=1407). Across these two versions, approximately half (n=1342) of the participants were then randomly allocated to receive tailored feedback. Participants were reassessed after 3 months (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR12614000324617). RESULTS A negative effect of providing social anxiety feedback to individuals was observed, with significant reductions in professional service use. Greater attrition and lower intentions to seek help were also observed after feedback. CONCLUSIONS Online mental health screening with feedback is not effective for promoting professional service use. Alternative models of online screening require further investigation. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None. COPYRIGHT AND USAGE © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) licence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison L. Calear
- Alison L. Calear, BAppPsych (Hons), PhD, National Institute for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Natacha Carragher
- Natacha Carragher, BSc (Hons) Applied Psych, PhD, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacqueline L. Brewer
- Jacqueline L. Brewer, BPsych (Hons), PhD, National Institute for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Keatley DA, Carragher N, Chikritzhs T, Daube M, Hardcastle SJ, Hagger MS. Western Australian Public Opinions of a Minimum Pricing Policy for Alcohol: Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2015; 4:e127. [PMID: 26582408 PMCID: PMC4704946 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive alcohol consumption has significant adverse economic, social, and health outcomes. Recent estimates suggest that the annual economic costs of alcohol in Australia are up to AUD $36 billion. Policies influencing price have been demonstrated to be very effective in reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms. Interest in minimum pricing has gained traction in recent years. However, there has been little research investigating the level of support for the public interest case of minimum pricing in Australia. Objective This article describes protocol for a study exploring Western Australian (WA) public knowledge, understanding, and reaction to a proposed minimum price policy per standard drink. Methods The study will employ a qualitative methodological design. Participants will be recruited from a wide variety of backgrounds, including ethnic minorities, blue and white collar workers, unemployed, students, and elderly/retired populations to participate in focus groups. Focus group participants will be asked about their knowledge of, and initial reactions to, the proposed policy and encouraged to discuss how such a proposal may affect their own alcohol use and alcohol consumption at the population level. Participants will also be asked to discuss potential avenues for increasing acceptability of the policy. The focus groups will adopt a semi-structured, open-ended approach guided by a question schedule. The schedule will be based on feedback from pilot samples, previous research, and a steering group comprising experts in alcohol policy and pricing. Results The study is expected to take approximately 14 months to complete. Conclusions The findings will be of considerable interest and relevance to government officials, policy makers, researchers, advocacy groups, alcohol retail and licensed establishments and organizations, city and town planners, police, and other stakeholder organizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Keatley
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Batterham PJ, Sunderland M, Carragher N, Calear AL, Mackinnon AJ, Slade T. The Distress Questionnaire-5: Population screener for psychological distress was more accurate than the K6/K10. J Clin Epidemiol 2015; 71:35-42. [PMID: 26464194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The K6 and K10 are well-validated screening measures for psychological distress and are widely used. However, the accuracy of these scales in identifying common mental disorders may be suboptimal. This study aimed to develop a brief scale of psychological distress--the Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ5)--and validate its diagnostic accuracy in identifying common mental disorders, relative to the K6 and K10. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING The DQ5 was developed from a pool of 347 items reflecting a range of mental health symptoms. Validation of the DQ5 was conducted concurrently, on the basis of DSM-5 criteria for seven common mental disorders. A population-based sample of Australian adults (n = 3,175) was recruited online, with data weighted to reflect population estimates of disorder prevalence, age, and gender. RESULTS At specified cut points, the DQ5 was significantly more accurate in identifying individuals who met criteria for each of the disorders examined relative to the K6, with the exception of major depression where there was no significant difference in sensitivity or specificity. CONCLUSION The DQ5 is a promising tool for identifying psychological distress in the community, with potential for use in a range of clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- National Institute for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, 63 Eggleston Road, Acton ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Natacha Carragher
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- National Institute for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, 63 Eggleston Road, Acton ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew J Mackinnon
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Carragher N, Byrnes J, Doran CM, Shakeshaft A. Methodological and statistical considerations in alcohol policy evaluation. Bull World Health Organ 2015; 93:740. [PMID: 26600620 PMCID: PMC4645436 DOI: 10.2471/blt.14.151803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Carragher
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua Byrnes
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Shakeshaft
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Batterham PJ, Brewer JL, Tjhin A, Sunderland M, Carragher N, Calear AL. Systematic item selection process applied to developing item pools for assessing multiple mental health problems. J Clin Epidemiol 2015; 68:913-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|