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Bhagat S, Pal S. A Heteronuclear NMR Study of Aqueous Lithium Salt Solutions of l-Alanine: Revealing Solute Hydrophobic Association through the NMR B' Coefficient. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7027-7034. [PMID: 37526300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a set of heteronuclear NMR approaches has been adopted to investigate the solution behavior of a small hydrophobic solute l-alanine in the presence of lithium (Li) salts. The presence of salts plays a major role in determining the structure and solvation of biomolecules. It therefore evokes interest to understand the effect of Li salts on amino acids (alanine), the building block of biomolecules. The ionic solute dynamics in the present case has been probed using 1H, 7Li, and 13C nuclei available in the aqueous Li salt solution of l-alanine. Nuclear longitudinal spin relaxation of alanine protons was examined at a variable concentration range of three lithium salts, i.e., LiCl, Li2SO4 and LiClO4, to introduce the NMR B' coefficient for each salt defining ionic solute/solvent interaction in the solution. Analysis of the active relaxation mechanism of 7Li spin-lattice relaxation further revealed the presence of alanine in the solvation shell of Li ion depending on the anionic counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Bhagat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, India 342037
| | - Samanwita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, India 342037
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2
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Balos V, Kaliannan NK, Elgabarty H, Wolf M, Kühne TD, Sajadi M. Time-resolved terahertz-Raman spectroscopy reveals that cations and anions distinctly modify intermolecular interactions of water. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1031-1037. [PMID: 35773490 PMCID: PMC9417992 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The solvation of ions changes the physical, chemical and thermodynamic properties of water, and the microscopic origin of this behaviour is believed to be ion-induced perturbation of water's hydrogen-bonding network. Here we provide microscopic insights into this process by monitoring the dissipation of energy in salt solutions using time-resolved terahertz-Raman spectroscopy. We resonantly drive the low-frequency rotational dynamics of water molecules using intense terahertz pulses and probe the Raman response of their intermolecular translational motions. We find that the intermolecular rotational-to-translational energy transfer is enhanced by highly charged cations and is drastically reduced by highly charged anions, scaling with the ion surface charge density and ion concentration. Our molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the water-water hydrogen-bond strength between the first and second solvation shells of cations increases, while it decreases around anions. The opposite effects of cations and anions on the intermolecular interactions of water resemble the effects of ions on the stabilization and denaturation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Balos
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany. .,IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaliannan
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Hossam Elgabarty
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Mohsen Sajadi
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany. .,Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.
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3
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Rezaei‐Ghaleh N. Water Dynamics in Highly Concentrated Salt Solutions: A Multi‐Nuclear NMR Approach. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200080. [PMID: 35642137 PMCID: PMC9156811 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Living cells often contain compartments with high concentration of charged biomolecules. A key question pertinent to the function of biomolecules is how water dynamics are affected by interaction with charged molecules. Here, we study the dynamical behavior of water in an extreme condition, that is, in saturated salt solutions, where nearly all water molecules are located within the first hydration layer of ions. To facilitate disentangling the effects of cations and anions, our study is focused on alkali chloride solutions. Following a multi‐nuclear NMR approach enabling direct monitoring of protons and the quadrupolar nuclei 7Li, 17O, 23Na, 35Cl, 87Rb and 133Cs, we investigate how the translational and rotational mobility of water molecules, chloride anion and corresponding cations are affected within the constrained environment of saturated solutions. Our results indicate that water molecules preserve a large level of mobility within saturated alkali chloride solutions that is significantly independent of adjacent ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Rezaei‐Ghaleh
- Institute of Physical Biology Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
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4
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Piacenza E, Chillura Martino DF, Cinquanta L, Conte P, Lo Meo P. Differentiation among dairy products by combination of fast field cycling NMR relaxometry data and chemometrics. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:369-385. [PMID: 34632630 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A set of commercial milk and Sicilian cheeses was analysed by a combination of fast field cycling (FFC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and chemometrics. The NMR dispersion (NMRD) curves were successfully analysed with a mathematical model applied on Parmigiano-Reggiano (PR) cheese. Regression parameters were led back to the molecular components of cheeses (water trapped in casein micelles, proteins and fats) and milk samples (water belonging to hydration shells around dispersed colloidal particles of different sizes and bulk water). The application of chemometric analysis on relaxometric data enabled differentiating milk from cheeses and revealing differences within the two sample groups of either cheeses or milk samples. Marked differences among cheeses were evidenced by statistical analysis of the sole quadrupolar peaks parameters, suggesting that these contain information on the nature of the milk used during cheese production. Hence, combination of FFC NMR and chemometrics represents a powerful tool to investigate alterations in dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piacenza
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Cinquanta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Conte
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Lo Meo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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5
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Abstract
Biochar is a porous material obtained by biomass thermal degradation in oxygen-starved conditions. It is nowadays applied in many fields. For instance, it is used to synthesize new materials for environmental remediation, catalysis, animal feeding, adsorbent for smells, etc. In the last decades, biochar has been applied also to soils due to its beneficial effects on soil structure, pH, soil organic carbon content, and stability, and, therefore, soil fertility. In addition, this carbonaceous material shows high chemical stability. Once applied to soil it maintains its nature for centuries. Consequently, it can be considered a sink to store atmospheric carbon dioxide in soils, thereby mitigating the effects of global climatic changes. The literature contains plenty of papers dealing with biochar’s environmental effects. However, a discrepancy exists between studies dealing with biochar applications and those dealing with the physical-chemistry behind biochar behavior. On the one hand, the impression is that most of the papers where biochar is tested in soils are based on trial-and-error procedures. Sometimes these give positive results, sometimes not. Consequently, it appears that the scientific world is divided into two factions: either supporters or detractors. On the other hand, studies dealing with biochar’s physical-chemistry do not appear helpful in settling the factions’ problem. This review paper aims at collecting all the information on physical-chemistry of biochar and to use it to explain biochar’s role in different fields of application.
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Modeling of the Refractive Index for the Systems MX+H2O, M2X+H2O, H3BO3+MX+H2O, and H3BO3+M2X+H2O. M = K+, Na+, or Li+ and X = Cl− or SO42−. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The modeling of the refractive index for binary aqueous solutions of boric acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, lithium sulfate, and potassium sulfate, as well as ternary aqueous solutions of boric acid in the presence of sodium sulfate, lithium sulfate, or potassium chloride, is reported. The refraction index was represented by molar refraction. It was described as the sum of solutes’ partial molar refraction and solvent molar refraction. The solutes’ partial molar refraction was estimated from the molar refraction of the binary solutions. The excess molar refraction for these systems was described with the equation of Wang et al. The polarizability of the solutes present in the studied systems was estimated using the Lorenz–Lorenz relation. The results showed the model is appropriate for describing the systems studied; the interactions of boric acid, sodium, potassium, lithium, chloride, and sulfate ions with water molecules are relevant to explain the molar refraction and refractive index, and those for the binary systems of lithium chloride and sodium chloride are also relevant the ion–ion interactions. The model is robust and presents estimation capabilities within and beyond the concentrations and temperature range studied. Therefore, the outcomes represent valuable information to understand and follow the industrial processing of natural brines.
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Stenina IA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Ionic Mobility in Ion-Exchange Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:198. [PMID: 33799886 PMCID: PMC7998860 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane technologies are widely demanded in a number of modern industries. Ion-exchange membranes are one of the most widespread and demanded types of membranes. Their main task is the selective transfer of certain ions and prevention of transfer of other ions or molecules, and the most important characteristics are ionic conductivity and selectivity of transfer processes. Both parameters are determined by ionic and molecular mobility in membranes. To study this mobility, the main techniques used are nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy. In this comprehensive review, mechanisms of transfer processes in various ion-exchange membranes, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and hybrid ones, are discussed. Correlations of structures of ion-exchange membranes and their hydration with ion transport mechanisms are also reviewed. The features of proton transfer, which plays a decisive role in the membrane used in fuel cells and electrolyzers, are highlighted. These devices largely determine development of hydrogen energy in the modern world. The features of ion transfer in heterogeneous and hybrid membranes with inorganic nanoparticles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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8
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with Fast Field-Cycling Setup: A Valid Tool for Soil Quality Investigation. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques are largely employed in several fields. As an example, NMR spectroscopy is used to provide structural and conformational information on pure systems, while affording quantitative evaluation on the number of nuclei in a given chemical environment. When dealing with relaxation, NMR allows understanding of molecular dynamics, i.e., the time evolution of molecular motions. The analysis of relaxation times conducted on complex liquid–liquid and solid–liquid mixtures is directly related to the nature of the interactions among the components of the mixture. In the present review paper, the peculiarities of low resolution fast field-cycling (FFC) NMR relaxometry in soil science are reported. In particular, the general aspects of the typical FFC NMR relaxometry experiment are firstly provided. Afterwards, a discussion on the main mathematical models to be used to “read” and interpret experimental data on soils is given. Following this, an overview on the main results in soil science is supplied. Finally, new FFC NMR-based hypotheses on nutrient dynamics in soils are described
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9
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Farashishiko A, Slack JR, Botta M, Woods M. ParaCEST Agents Encapsulated in Reverse Nano-Assembled Capsules (RACs): How Slow Molecular Tumbling Can Quench CEST Contrast. Front Chem 2018; 6:96. [PMID: 29682499 PMCID: PMC5897432 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although paraCEST is a method with immense scope for generating image contrast in MRI, it suffers from the serious drawback of high detection limits. For a typical discrete paraCEST agent the detection limit is roughly an order of magnitude higher than that of a clinically used relaxation agent. One solution to this problem may be the incorporation of a large payload of paraCEST agents into a single macromolecular agent. Here we report a new synthetic method for accomplishing this goal: incorporating a large payload of the paraCEST agent DyDOTAM3+ into a Reverse Assembled nano-Capsule. An aggregate can be generated between this chelate and polyacrylic acid (PAA) after the addition of ethylene diamine. Subsequent addition of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) followed by silica nanoparticles generated a robust encapsulating shell and afforded capsule with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 650 ± 250 nm. Unfortunately this encapsulation did not have the effect of amplifying the CEST effect per agent, but quenched the CEST altogether. The quenching effect of encapsulation could be attributed to the effect of slowing molecular tumbling, which is inevitable when the chelate is incorporated into a nano-scale material. This increases the transverse relaxation rate of chelate protons and a theoretical examination using Solomon Bloembergen Morgan theory and the Bloch equations shows that the increase in the transverse relaxation rate constant for the amide protons, in even modestly sized nano-materials, is sufficient to significantly quench CEST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah Farashishiko
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jacqueline R. Slack
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mark Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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10
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Sharma B, Chandra A. Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Bromate Ion in Water Reveal Its Dual Kosmotropic and Chaotropic Behavior. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2090-2101. [PMID: 29376361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The solvation structure and dynamics of a bromate (BrO3-) ion in water are studied by means of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations at two different temperatures using the Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr functional with Grimme D3 dispersion corrections. The bromate ion possesses a pyramidal structure, and it has two types of solvation sites, namely, the bromine and oxygen atoms. We have looked at different radial and orientational distributions of water molecules around the bromate ion and also investigated their hydrogen bonding properties. The solvation structure of the bromate ion is also compared with that of the iodate (IO3-) ion, which is structurally rather similar to the bromate ion and was found to have some unusual solvation properties in water. It is found that the bromate ion follows a similar trend as that followed by the iodate ion as far as the solvation structure is concerned. However, the effect of the former on surrounding water is found to be much weaker than that of the latter. On the dynamical side, we have looked at diffusion, residence dynamics, and also the orientational and hydrogen bond relaxation of water molecules around the BrO3- ion and compared them with those of the bulk. Dynamical results are presented for both H2O and D2O around the BrO3- ion. Interpretation of the dynamical results in terms of structure-making (kosmotropic)/-breaking (chaotropic) properties of the BrO3- ion reveals that the bromine atom of this ion acts as a water structure breaker, whereas the three oxygens act as water structure makers. Thus, in spite of being a single ion, the bromate ion has dual characteristics and the experimentally observed kosmotropic ability of this ion is actually a trade-off between a chaotropic site (the bromine atom) and three kosmotropic sites (three oxygen atoms) that are present in the ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikramjit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Amalendu Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
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11
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Yadav S, Choudhary A, Chandra A. A First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Study of the Solvation Shell Structure, Vibrational Spectra, Polarity, and Dynamics around a Nitrate Ion in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9032-9044. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India 208016
| | - Ashu Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India 208016
| | - Amalendu Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India 208016
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12
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Payne KM, Wilds JM, Carniato F, Botta M, Woods M. On Water and its Effect on the Performance of T
1
-Shortening Contrast Agents. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Payne
- Department of Chemistry; Portland State University; 1719 SW 10 Ave Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Wilds
- Department of Chemistry; Portland State University; 1719 SW 10 Ave Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale Teresa Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale Teresa Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Mark Woods
- Department of Chemistry; Portland State University; 1719 SW 10 Ave Portland, OR 97201 USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center; Oregon Health and Science University; 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd Portland, OR 97239 USA
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13
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Conte P, Kucerik J. Water Dynamics and Its Role in Structural Hysteresis of Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2210-2216. [PMID: 26815011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of structural dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is of paramount importance for understanding DOM stability and role in the fate of solubilized organic and inorganic compounds (e.g., nutrients and pollutants), either in soils or aquatic systems. In this study, fast field cycling (FFC) (1)H NMR relaxometry was applied to elucidate structural dynamics of terrestrial DOM, represented by two structurally contrasting DOM models such as Suwanee River (SRFA) and Pahokee peat (PPFA) fulvic acids purchased by the International Humic Substance Society. Measurement of NMR relaxation rate of water protons in heating-cooling cycles revealed structural hysteresis in both fulvic acids. In particular, structural hysteresis was related to the delay in re-establishing water network around fulvic molecules as a result of temperature fluctuations. The experiments revealed that the structural temperature dependency and hysteresis were more pronounced in SRFA than in PPFA. This was attributed to the larger content of hydrogel-like structure in SRFA stabilized, at a larger extent, by H-bonds between carboxylic and phenolic groups. Moreover, results supported the view that terrestrial DOM consist of a hydrophobic rigid core surrounded by progressively assembling amphiphilic and polar molecules, which form an elastic structure that can mediate reactivity of the whole DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Viale delle Scienze edificio 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau , Campus Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 768 29 Landau, Germany
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Kammann CI, Schmidt HP, Messerschmidt N, Linsel S, Steffens D, Müller C, Koyro HW, Conte P, Joseph S, Stephen J. Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11080. [PMID: 26057083 PMCID: PMC4460888 DOI: 10.1038/srep11080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil amendment with pyrogenic carbon (biochar) is discussed as strategy to improve soil fertility to enable economic plus environmental benefits. In temperate soils, however, the use of pure biochar mostly has moderately-negative to -positive yield effects. Here we demonstrate that co-composting considerably promoted biochars' positive effects, largely by nitrate (nutrient) capture and delivery. In a full-factorial growth study with Chenopodium quinoa, biomass yield increased up to 305% in a sandy-poor soil amended with 2% (w/w) co-composted biochar (BC(comp)). Conversely, addition of 2% (w/w) untreated biochar (BC(pure)) decreased the biomass to 60% of the control. Growth-promoting (BC(comp)) as well as growth-reducing (BC(pure)) effects were more pronounced at lower nutrient-supply levels. Electro-ultra filtration and sequential biochar-particle washing revealed that co-composted biochar was nutrient-enriched, particularly with the anions nitrate and phosphate. The captured nitrate in BC(comp) was (1) only partly detectable with standard methods, (2) largely protected against leaching, (3) partly plant-available, and (4) did not stimulate N2O emissions. We hypothesize that surface ageing plus non-conventional ion-water bonding in micro- and nano-pores promoted nitrate capture in biochar particles. Amending (N-rich) bio-waste with biochar may enhance its agronomic value and reduce nutrient losses from bio-wastes and agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I Kammann
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Schmidt
- Ithaka Institute for Carbon Intelligence, Ancienne Eglise 9, CH-1974 Arbaz, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Messerschmidt
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Linsel
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diedrich Steffens
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- 1] Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany [2] Earth Science Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hans-Werner Koyro
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Pellegrino Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze ed. 4 90128 - Palermo (Italy)
| | - Stephen Joseph
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; University of New South Wales, School of Material Science and Engineering, NSW 2052, Australia
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