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Clemente L, Bird IM. The epidermal growth factor receptor in healthy pregnancy and preeclampsia. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 70:e220105. [PMID: 36197759 PMCID: PMC9742168 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed robustly in the placenta, and critical processes of pregnancy such as placental growth and trophoblast fusion are dependent on EGFR function. However, the role that aberrant EGFR signaling might play in the etiology and/or maintenance of preeclampsia (PE) remains largely unexplored. Recently, we have shown that overexpression of EGFR in cultured uterine artery endothelial cells (UAEC), which express little endogenous EGFR, remaps responsiveness away from vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling and toward EGFR, suggesting that endothelial EGFR expression may be kept low to preserve VEGFR control of angiogenesis. Here we will consider the evidence for the possibility that the endothelial dysfunction observed in PE might in some cases result from elevation of endothelial EGFR. During pregnancy, trophoblasts are known to synthesize large amounts of EGFR protein, and the placenta regularly releases syncytiotrophoblast-derived exosomes and microparticles into the maternal circulation. Although there are no reports of elevated EGFR gene expression in preeclamptic endothelial cells, the ongoing shedding of placental vesicles into the vascular system raises the possibility that EGFR-rich vesicles might fuse with endothelium, thereby contributing to the symptoms of PE by interrupting angiogenesis and blocking pregnancy-adapted vasodilatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Clemente
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Ian M. Bird
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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α-Ketoglutarate Improves Meiotic Maturation of Porcine Oocytes and Promotes the Development of PA Embryos, Potentially by Reducing Oxidative Stress through the Nrf2 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7113793. [PMID: 35237383 PMCID: PMC8885182 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7113793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
α-Ketoglutarate (α-KG) is a metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It has a strong antioxidant function and can effectively prevent oxidative damage. Previous studies have shown that α-KG exists in porcine follicles, and its content gradually increases as the follicles grow and mature. However, the potential mechanism of supplementation of α-KG on porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) has not yet been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of α-KG on the early embryonic development of pigs and the mechanisms underlying these effects. We found that α-KG can enhance the development of early pig embryos. Adding 20 μM α-KG to the in vitro culture medium significantly increased the rate of blastocyst formation and the total cell number. Compared with to that of the control group, apoptosis in blastocysts of the supplement group was significantly reduced. α-KG reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels in cells. α-KG not only improved the activity of mitochondria but also inhibited the occurrence of apoptosis. After supplementation with α-KG, pig embryo pluripotency-related genes (OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2) and antiapoptotic genes (Bcl2) were upregulated. In terms of mechanism, α-KG activates the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway to regulate the expression of antioxidant-related targets, thus combating oxidative stress during the in vitro culture of oocytes. Activated Nrf2 promotes the transcription of Bcl2 genes and inhibits cell apoptosis. These results indicate that α-KG supplements have a beneficial effect on IVM by regulating oxidative stress during the IVM of porcine oocytes and can be used as a potential antioxidant for IVM of porcine oocytes.
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Cai L, Jeong YW, Jin YX, Lee JY, Jeong YI, Hwang KC, Hyun SH, Hwang WS. Effects of human recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment during in vitro culture on porcine pre-implantation embryos. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230247. [PMID: 32182268 PMCID: PMC7077850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a pleiotropic cytokine, belongs to the hematopoietic growth factor family. Recent studies have reported that G-CSF is a predictive biomarker of oocyte and embryo developmental competence in humans. The aim of our study was to determine whether CSF3 and its receptor (CSF3R) were expressed in porcine maternal reproductive tissues (oviduct and uterus), cumulus cells, and embryos and to investigate the effects of human recombinant G-CSF (hrG-CSF) supplementation during in vitro culture (IVC) on the developmental competence of pre-implantation embryos. To do this, we first performed reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Second, we performed parthenogenetic activation (PA), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to evaluate the embryonic developmental potential after hrG-CSF supplementation based on various concentrations (0 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, and 100 ng/mL) and durations (Un-treated, Days 0–3, Days 4–7, and Days 0–7) of IVC. Finally, we examined transcriptional levels of several marker genes in blastocysts. The results of our study showed that CSF3 transcript was present in all samples we assessed. CSF3-R was also detected, except in cumulus cells and blastocysts from PA. Furthermore, 10 ng/mL and Days 0–7 were the optimal concentration and duration for the viability of in vitro embryonic development, especially for SCNT-derived embryos. The rate of blastocyst formation and the total cell number of blastocysts were significantly enhanced, while the number and index of apoptotic nuclei were significantly decreased in optimal condition groups compared to others. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of anti-apoptotis- (BCL2), proliferation- (PCNA), and pluripotency- (POU5F1) related genes were dramatically upregulated. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated that CSF3 and CSF3R were expressed in porcine reproductive organs, cells, and embryos. Additionally, we determined that hrG-CSF treatment improved porcine embryonic development capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Cai
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yeon-woo Jeong
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-xun Jin
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jong-yun Lee
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-ik Jeong
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-chan Hwang
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-hwan Hyun
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- * E-mail: (WSH); (SHH)
| | - Woo-suk Hwang
- Abu Dhabi Biotech Research Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (WSH); (SHH)
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Mesalam A, Lee KL, Khan I, Chowdhury MMR, Zhang S, Song SH, Joo MD, Lee JH, Jin JI, Kong IK. A combination of bovine serum albumin with insulin-transferrin-sodium selenite and/or epidermal growth factor as alternatives to fetal bovine serum in culture medium improves bovine embryo quality and trophoblast invasion by induction of matrix metalloproteinases. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:333-346. [PMID: 30086822 DOI: 10.1071/rd18162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the use of bovine serum albumin (BSA) plus insulin-transferrin-sodium selenite (ITS) and/or epidermal growth factor (EGF) as alternatives to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in embryo culture medium. The developmental ability and quality of bovine embryos were determined by assessing their cell number, lipid content, gene expression and cryotolerance, as well as the invasion ability of trophoblasts. The percentage of embryos that underwent cleavage and formed a blastocyst was higher (P<0.01) in medium containing ITS plus EGF and BSA than in medium containing FBS. Culture with ITS plus EGF and BSA also increased the hatching ability of blastocysts and the total cell number per blastocyst. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of BAS plus ITS and EGF on embryos were associated with a significantly reduced intracellular lipid content, which increased their cryotolerance. An invasion assay confirmed that culture with ITS plus EGF and BSA significantly improved the invasion ability of trophoblasts. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3, acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase long-chain and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase significantly increased upon culture with ITS plus EGF and BSA. Moreover, protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 increased (P<0.01) in medium supplemented with ITS plus EGF and BSA compared with medium supplemented with FBS. Taken together, these data suggest that supplementation of medium with ITS plus EGF and BSA improves invitro bovine embryo production, cryotolerance and invasion ability of trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mesalam
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Lim Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - M M R Chowdhury
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Song
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Jin
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
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Saeed-Zidane M, Tesfaye D, Mohammed Shaker Y, Tholen E, Neuhoff C, Rings F, Held E, Hoelker M, Schellander K, Salilew-Wondim D. Hyaluronic acid and epidermal growth factor improved the bovine embryo quality by regulating the DNA methylation and expression patterns of the focal adhesion pathway. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223753. [PMID: 31661494 PMCID: PMC6818761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion pathway is one of the key molecular pathways affected by suboptimal culture conditions during embryonic development. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are believed to be involved in the focal adhesion pathway function by regulating the adherence of the molecules to the extracellular matrix. However, regulatory and molecular mechanisms through which the EGF and HA could influence the embryo development is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of continued or stage specific supplementation of EGF and/or HA on the developmental competence and quality of bovine preimplantation embryos and the subsequent consequences on the expression and DNA methylation patterns of genes involved in the focal adhesion pathway. The results revealed that, the supplementation of EGF or HA from zygote to the blastocysts stage reduced the level of reactive oxygen species and increased hatching rate after thawing. On the other hand, HA decreased the apoptotic nuclei and increased blastocyst compared to EGF supplemented group. Gene expression and DNA methylation analysis in the resulting blastocysts indicated that, combined supplementation of EGF and HA increased the expression of genes involved in focal adhesion pathway while supplementation of EGF, HA or a combination of EGF and HA during the entire preimplantation period changed the DNA methylation patterns of genes involved in focal adhesion pathway. On the other hand, blastocysts developed in culture media supplemented with EGF + HA until the 16-cell stage exhibited higher expression level of genes involved in focal adhesion pathway compared to those supplemented after the 16-cell stage. Conversely, the DNA methylation level of candidate genes was increased in the blastocysts obtained from embryos cultured in media supplemented with EGF + HA after 16-cell stage. In conclusion, supplementation of bovine embryos with EGF and/or HA during the entire preimplantation period or in a stage specific manner altered the DNA methylation and expression patterns of candidate genes involved in the focal adhesion pathway which was in turn associated with the observed embryonic developmental competence and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saeed-Zidane
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Animal and Poultry Physiology Department, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
- Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yousri Mohammed Shaker
- Animal and Poultry Physiology Department, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franca Rings
- Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
| | - Eva Held
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
- Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
- Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Exogenous growth factors do not affect the development of individually cultured murine embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 35:523-531. [PMID: 29270871 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of multiple growth factors on the development of individually cultured murine embryos. METHODS Embryos produced by in vitro fertilization using in vitro (IVM) or in vivo (IVO) matured oocytes from three strains of mice (CF1, Swiss Webster, B6D2F1) were cultured individually (10 μl) in the absence (control) or presence of growth factors (paf, epidermal growth factor [EGF], insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1], and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]). Blastocyst formation, hatching, and blastocyst cell numbers (trophectoderm, inner cell mass, and total) were evaluated on days 4 and 5 of culture. Post-hatching development of CF1 IVO embryos was also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The presence of growth factors did not improve the proportion of embryos forming blastocysts or initiating hatching for any of the types of embryos tested. The only significant (P < 0.05) effect of growth factors was a decrease in the proportion of embryos that formed blastocysts by day 5 in CF1 IVM embryos. The presence of growth factors also did not affect blastocyst cell numbers. For CF1 IVO embryos, the presence of growth factors during culture did not affect the proportion of embryos that attached to fibronectin-coated dishes, the size of the resulting outgrowths, or in vivo development following transfer. CONCLUSION Combinations of paf, EGF, GM-CSF, and IGF-1 did not improve development of murine embryos cultured individually in a sequential medium containing a defined protein source.
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Zygote arrest 1, nucleoplasmin 2, and developmentally associated protein 3 mRNA profiles throughout porcine embryo development in vitro. Theriogenology 2016; 86:2254-2262. [PMID: 27566850 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Maternal effect genes (MEGs) are expressed in oocytes and embryos and play an important role in activation of the embryonic genome. An abnormality in the expression of these genes may lead to arrest of embryonic cleavage or to altered transcription of factors responsible for further embryonic development. In vitro-produced porcine embryos have a lower developmental potential than embryos produced in vivo. We hypothesized that in vitro embryo culture conditions have an effect on the expression of MEGs at various developmental stages, which may affect their developmental potential. Here, using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we examined mRNA profiles of the MEGs, zygote arrest 1 (ZAR-1), nucleoplasmin 2 (NPM2), and developmentally associated pluripotency protein 3 (DPPA3), in porcine oocytes and embryos produced in vitro and in vivo. Further, we evaluated the effect of the combined addition of EGF, interleukin 1β, and leukemia inhibitory factor to the porcine in vitro embryo production system on mRNA profiles of selected MEGs. Finally, we studied localization of the MEG protein products in in vitro-obtained oocytes and embryos using confocal microscopy. We found that the ZAR-1 mRNA profile differed throughout in vitro and in vivo embryo development. In the embryos produced in vitro, the decrease in ZAR-1 mRNA levels was observed at the 2-cell stage, whereas in in vivo embryos, ZAR-1 mRNA levels declined significantly starting at the 4-cell stage (P < 0.05). In vitro culture conditions affected transiently also DPPA3 mRNA levels at the 4-cell stage (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the NPM2 mRNA profile during in vitro and in vivo embryo development. The ZAR-1 and DPPA3 proteins were localized in the cytoplasm of the oocytes and embryos, whereas the NPM2 protein was found both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. All proteins were expressed until blastocyst stage. The addition of EGF and cytokines to the culture medium decreased DPPA3 mRNA levels in 8-cell embryos (P < 0.05). This study indicated that IVC conditions affect ZAR-1 mRNA levels before the 4-cell stage, which may disturb the activation of the embryonic genome in pigs. The expression of the proteins after the 4-cell to 8-cell transition indicates that these factors play a role beyond activation of the embryonic genome. Supplementation of the culture media with EGF and cytokines affects DPPA3 mRNA levels after maternal to embryonic transition.
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Chen J, Zeng F, Forrester SJ, Eguchi S, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Expression and Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1025-1069. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated by multiple ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, HB-EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and epigen. EGFR is expressed in multiple organs and plays important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation in both development and normal physiology, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. In addition, EGFR transactivation underlies some important biologic consequences in response to many G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Aberrant EGFR activation is a significant factor in development and progression of multiple cancers, which has led to development of mechanism-based therapies with specific receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review highlights the current knowledge about mechanisms and roles of EGFR in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Cheng EH, Liu JY, Lee TH, Huang CC, Chen CI, Huang LS, Lee MS. Requirement of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor or Epidermal Growth Factor for Pre-Implantation Embryogenesis via JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153086. [PMID: 27096934 PMCID: PMC4838257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) plays a key role in the survivability of mouse embryos during pre-implantation. In this study, we verified the role of LIF by detecting gene expression in morula stage embryos through DNA microarray. Our results showed that LIF knockdown affected expression of 369 genes. After LIF supplementation, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) is most affected by LIF expression. To observe the correlation between LIF and EGF, the LIF knockdown embryos were supplemented with various growth factors, including LIF, EGF, GM-CSF, TGF, and IGF II. Only LIF and EGF caused the rate of blastocyst development to recover significantly from 52% of control to 83% and 93%, respectively. All of the variables, including the diameter of blastocysts, the number of blastomeres, and cells in ICM and TE, were almost restored. Moreover, EGF knockdown also impaired blastocyst development, which was reversed by LIF or EGF supplementation. The treatment with various signaling suppressors revealed that both EGF and LIF promoted embryonic development through the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. These data suggest that the EGF and LIF can be compensatory to each other during early embryonic development, and at least one of them is necessary for sustaining the normal development of pre-implantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Hui Cheng
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsein Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Huang
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-I Chen
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lii-Sheng Huang
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Lee
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Jeong W, Jung S, Bazer FW, Song G, Kim J. Epidermal growth factor: Porcine uterine luminal epithelial cell migratory signal during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:66-74. [PMID: 26620571 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of early conceptus mortality in pregnancy occurs during the peri-implantation period, suggesting that this period is important for conceptus viability and the establishment of pregnancy. Successful establishment of pregnancy in all mammalian species depends on the orchestrated molecular events that transpire at the conceptus-uterine interface during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. This maternal-conceptus interaction is especially crucial in pigs because they have a non-invasive epitheliochorial placentation during a protracted peri-implantation period. During the pre-implantation period of pregnancy, conceptus survival and the establishment of pregnancy depend on the developing conceptus receiving an adequate supply of histotroph which contains a wide range of nutrients and growth factors. Evidence links epidermal growth factor (EGF) to embryogenesis or implantation in various mammalian species. EGF exhibits potential growth-promoting activities on the conceptus and endometrium; however, in the case of pigs, little is known its functions, especially their regulatory mechanisms at the maternal-conceptus interface. EGF receptor (EGFR) mRNA and protein are abundant in endometrial luminal (LE) and glandular (GE) epithelia and conceptus trophectoderm on Days 13-14 of pregnancy, suggesting that EGF provides an autocrine signal to uterine LE and GE just prior to implantation. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the potential intracellular signaling pathways responsible for the activities of EGF in porcine uterine LE (pLE) cells; and 2) the changes in cellular activities induced by EGF. EGF treatment of pLE cells increased the abundance of phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2, p-P70RSK and p-RPS6 compared to that for control cells. Furthermore, EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK was inhibited in pLE cells transfected with an EGFR siRNA compared with control siRNA-transfected pLE cells. Moreover, EGF stimulated migration of pLE cells, but this stimulatory effect was blocked by U0126, a pharmacological inhibitor or ERK1/2 MAPK. Collectively, these results provide new insights into mechanisms whereby EGF regulates development of the peri-implantation uterine LE at the fetal-maternal interface. These results indicate that endometrial- and/or conceptus derived EGF effects migration of uterine LE and that those stimulatory effects are regulated via the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway during early pregnancy in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Jeong
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoungo Jung
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Epidermal growth factor enhances the developmental competence of yak (Bos grunniens) preimplantation embryos by modulating the expression of survivin and HSP70. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Amiri Roudbar M, Dehghani H, Tahmoorespur M, Zahmatkesh A, Adeldust H, Ansari Majd S, Daliri Joupari M. Quantitative analysis of RNA abondance for CTCF during reprogramming of bovine embryo from oocyte to blastocyst. Arch Anim Breed 2015. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-58-171-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. CTCF is a highly conserved protein among eukaryotes and it is involved in many of regulatory functions including, transcriptional repression and activation, chromatin insulation, imprinting, X chromosome inactivation, higher-order chromatin organization, and alternative splicing. Studies performed on mouse embryos indicate that CTCF can be a maternal-effect gene, and is essential for normal development of embryos. CTCF can be used as a molecular effector for the proper epigenetic establishment of embryonic development. The aim of this study was to determine changes in transcript levels of the CTCF gene in bovine preimplantation embryos. RNA was extracted from immature and mature oocytes and embryos at various developmental stages (two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell, and blastocysts). Results showed that the amounts of CTCF transcripts decreased in mature oocyte in comparison with immature oocytes, but this change was not significant. In addition, the amount of CTCF transcript in embryos at two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell, and blastocyst stages significantly increased in comparison with immature oocytes. These data show that CTCF expression in bovine embryo begins at minor embryonic genome activation.
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Barnea ER, Lubman DM, Liu YH, Absalon-Medina V, Hayrabedyan S, Todorova K, Gilbert RO, Guingab J, Barder TJ. Insight into PreImplantation Factor (PIF*) mechanism for embryo protection and development: target oxidative stress and protein misfolding (PDI and HSP) through essential RIKP [corrected] binding site. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100263. [PMID: 24983882 PMCID: PMC4077574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous PIF, upon which embryo development is dependent, is secreted only by viable mammalian embryos, and absent in non-viable ones. Synthetic PIF (sPIF) administration promotes singly cultured embryos development and protects against their demise caused by embryo-toxic serum. To identify and characterize critical sPIF-embryo protein interactions novel biochemical and bio-analytical methods were specifically devised. Methods FITC-PIF uptake/binding by cultured murine and equine embryos was examined and compared with scrambled FITC-PIF (control). Murine embryo (d10) lysates were fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC, fractions printed onto microarray slides and probed with Biotin-PIF, IDE and Kv1.3 antibodies, using fluorescence detection. sPIF-based affinity column was developed to extract and identify PIF-protein interactions from lysates using peptide mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In silico evaluation examined binding of PIF to critical targets, using mutation analysis. Results PIF directly targets viable cultured embryos as compared with control peptide, which failed to bind. Multistep Biotin-PIF targets were confirmed by single-step PIF-affinity column based isolation. PIF binds protein disulfide isomerases a prolyl-4-hydroxylase β-subunit, (PDI, PDIA4, PDIA6-like) containing the antioxidant thioredoxin domain. PIF also binds protective heat shock proteins (70&90), co-chaperone, BAG-3. Remarkably, PIF targets a common RIPK site in PDI and HSP proteins. Further, single PIF amino acid mutation significantly reduced peptide-protein target bonding. PIF binds promiscuous tubulins, neuron backbones and ACTA-1,2 visceral proteins. Significant anti-IDE, while limited anti-Kv1.3b antibody-binding to Biotin-PIF positive lysates HPLC fractions were documented. Conclusion Collectively, data identifies PIF shared targets on PDI and HSP in the embryo. Such are known to play a critical role in protecting against oxidative stress and protein misfolding. PIF-affinity-column is a novel utilitarian method for small molecule targets direct identification. Data reveals and completes the understanding of mechanisms involved in PIF-induced autotrophic and protective effects on the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan R. Barnea
- Research & Development, SIEP The Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, United States of America
- Research & Development, BioIncept, LLC, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Victor Absalon-Medina
- Reproductive Medicine, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Robert O. Gilbert
- Reproductive Medicine, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Joy Guingab
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics, Banyan Biomarkers, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Barder
- Research & Development, Eprogen, Downers Grove, Illinois, United States of America
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Zeng F, Harris RC. Epidermal growth factor, from gene organization to bedside. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 28:2-11. [PMID: 24513230 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In 1962, epidermal growth factor (EGF) was discovered by Dr. Stanley Cohen while studying nerve growth factor (NGF). It was soon recognized that EGF is the prototypical member of a family of peptide growth factors that activate the EGF receptors, and that the EGF/EGF receptor signaling pathway plays important roles in proliferation, differentiation and migration of a variety of cell types, especially in epithelial cells. After the basic characterization of EGF function in the first decade or so after its discovery, the studies related to EGF and its signaling pathway have extended to a broad range of investigations concerning its biological and pathophysiological roles in development and in human diseases. In this review, we briefly describe the gene organization and tissue distribution of EGF, with emphasis on its biological and pathological roles in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zeng
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States.
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Wasielak M, Fujii T, Ohsaki T, Hashizume T, Bogacki M, Sawai K. Transcript abundance and apoptosis in day-7 porcine blastocyst cultured with exogenous insulin-like growth factor-I. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Kwak SS, Cheong SA, Jeon Y, Hyun SH. Porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor improves the in vitro development of cloned porcine embryos. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1095-102. [PMID: 22531103 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (pGM-CSF) on the in vitro development of porcine embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for the first time. We evaluated the effects of pGM-CSF on SCNT-derived blastocyst formation and investigated gene expression. A total of 522 cloned embryos in 6 replicates were treated with 10 ng/ml pGM-CSF during in vitro culture (IVC). This treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased blastocyst formation and total cell number in blastocysts compared with the control (12.3% and 41.4 vs. 9.0% and 34.7, respectively). However, there was no effect on cleavage rate. The numbers of cells in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm were significantly higher in the pGM-CSF treatment group (6.0 and 43.0, respectively) compared with the control (4.4 and 31.9, respectively). Treatment with 10 ng/ml pGM-CSF significantly increased POU5F1 and Cdx2 mRNA expression in blastocysts. In addition, Bcl-2, Dnmt1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA expression were upregulated in blastocysts in the pGM-CSF supplemented group compared with the control. These results suggest that pGM-CSF improves the quality and developmental viability of porcine SCNT embryos by regulating transcription factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Sung Kwak
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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17
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Effects of porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on porcine in vitro-fertilized embryos. Theriogenology 2011; 77:1186-97. [PMID: 22153263 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (pGM-CSF) on the developmental potential of porcine in vitro-fertilized (IVF) embryos in chemically and semidefined (with BSA) medium. In experiment 1, zygotes were treated with different concentrations of pGM-CSF (0, 2, 10, 100 ng/mL). The results indicated that 10 ng/mL pGM-CSF significantly (P < 0.05) increased blastocyst development and total cell number (15.1% and 53.5, respectively) compared with the control (6.1%, and 38.8, respectively). Comparing blastocyst formation, early and expanded blastocyst formation was significantly higher in the 10 ng/mL-pGM-CSF group than in the control on Days 6 and 7 of the culture period. However, there was no significant difference in cleavage rate. Experiment 2 demonstrated that pGM-CSF influenced the percentage of blastocyst formation and total cell number when pGM-CSF was added during Days 4 to 7 (14.6% and 53.9, respectively) or Days 0 to 7 (15.2% and 54.0, respectively) compared with the control (7.8% and 43.1, respectively) and compared with Days 0 to 3 (8.7% and 42.5, respectively). Similarly, early blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher at Days 4 to 7 than in the control, and expanded blastocyst formation was significantly higher at Days 4 to 7 or Days 0 to 7. No significant difference in cleavage rates appeared among the groups. In experiment 3, in the presence of BSA, pGM-CSF also increased the percentage of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage and the total cell number (20.3% and 59.8, respectively) compared with the control (14.9% and 51.4, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in cleavage rate. Experiment 4 found that the total cell number and the number of cells in the inner cell mass (ICM) were significantly increased compared with the control when zygotes were cultured in either porcine zygotic medium (PZM)-3 or PZM-4 supplemented with 10 ng/mL pGM-CSF. The number of trophectoderm (TE) cells was significantly higher in PZM-3 medium supplemented with pGM-CSF than in the control, and the number tended to increase (P = 0.058) in PZM-4 medium supplemented with pGM-CSF. The ratio of inner cell mass to trophectoderm cells was significantly higher in PZM-4 supplemented with 10 ng/mL pGM-CSF, but not in PZM-3. In experiment 5, it was found that the male pronuclear formation rate, monospermic penetration and sperm/oocyte were 95.4%, 37.2%, and 2.4, respectively. Together, these results suggest that pGM-CSF may have a physiological role in promoting the development of porcine preimplantation embryos and regulating cell viability and that addition of pGM-CSF to IVC medium at Days 4 to 7 or 0 to 7 improves the developmental potential of porcine IVF embryos.
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Preimplantation factor negates embryo toxicity and promotes embryo development in culture. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 23:517-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Amphiregulin promotes the proliferation of trophoblast cells during preimplantation development of porcine embryos. Theriogenology 2009; 72:1023-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou P, Liu DJ, Cang M, Ma YZ, Yang DS, Li HJ, Wang LM, Bou S, Feng HL. TGFα and EGFR in ovine preimplantation embryos and effects on development. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 104:370-81. [PMID: 17412533 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess location and relative amounts of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) and its receptor (EGFR) in ovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos by using immunohistochemical technique that was graded on a relative scale of 0-3, with 0 representing absence of staining, and 3 exhibiting prominent staining, and to evaluate the effects of TGFalpha/EGF on in vitro development of preimplantation embryos by adding different concentrations of EGF and TGFalpha to culture medium. The results showed that EGFR was abundant in cell plasma membranes in immature and mature oocytes, cumulus cells of immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC), fertilized oocytes and at different stages of embryo development. However, the relative amounts in inner cell mass (ICM) (1+) was less than that in trophectoderm (TE) cells (2+) at the blastocysts stage. The staining pattern for TGFalpha was a similar to EGFR. However, the staining for TGFalpha slightly increased in the fertilized oocytes (1-2+) as compared to immature and mature oocytes (1+). TGFalpha was mainly detected in the cytoplasm close to the membrane in both ICM and trophectoderm (TE) cells. The developmental rate of 8-cell stage embryos cultured with 5 ng/ml TGFalpha was increased as compared to other treatments (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of development of blastocysts cultured with 5 ng/ml TGFalpha, 20 ng/ml EGF, 20 ng/ml EGF+5 ng/ml TGFalpha or the control treatment (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the number of cells in blastocyst stage as compared with different treatments (P>0.05). However, TGFalpha alone enhanced cell survival rated (P<0.01) and reduced apoptosis. We concluded that TGFalpha can improve development of ovine preimplantation embryos at the 8-cell and blastocyst stages in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Mammal Reproduction Biology and Biotechnology of Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, PR China
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21
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Kobayashi M, Asakuma S, Fukui Y. Blastocyst production by in vitro maturation and development of porcine oocytes in defined media following intracytoplasmic sperm injection. ZYGOTE 2007; 15:93-102. [PMID: 17462101 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199406004035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe present study was carried out to establish porcine defined IVP. In Experiments 1 and 2, we investigated the efficacy of additional 0.6 mM cystine and/or 100 µM cysteamine (Cys) to a defined TCM199 maturation medium with regard to the intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration and the developmental competence of in vitro matured porcine oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The control medium was a modified TCM199 containing 0.05% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Cys and/or cystine were added to the control medium. The control group and immature oocytes (presumptive germinal vesicle oocytes; GV) were prepared for GSH assay. In Experiment 3, the efficacy of epidermal growth factor (EGF) addition to a modified porcine zygote medium (mPZM) for in vitro culture (IVC) medium was investigated on embryonic development and the mean cell number of blastocysts following ICSI. As a positive or negative control, 0.3% BSA (mPZM-3) or 0.3% PVA (mPZM-4), respectively, was added to the base medium. The defined IVC medium was supplemented with 5 or 10 ng/ml EGF. In Experiment 1, no significant difference was found in the rates of cleavage (31.4–64.3%) and blastocyst formation (6.5–22.9%) among the treatment and control groups. The mean cell numbers per blastocyst ranged from 30 to 48 among the groups without significant differences. However, in Experiment 2, the intracellular GSH concentrations in the oocytes cultured in the medium supplemented with 100 µM Cys (9.6 pmol/oocyte) or Cys + cystine (9.9 pmol/oocyte) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control (2.5 pmol/oocyte) and 0.6 mM cystine (6.5 pmol/oocyte) groups, but not different from the GV group (9.0 pmol/oocyte). The GSH concentration in the cystine group was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the control group, but not different from the GV group. In Experiment 3, the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation and the mean cell numbers of blastocysts were not significantly different among the groups. However, the addition of 5 ng/ml EGF into the mPZM-4 resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) higher blastocyst rate per cleaved embryo than the other two defined groups (mPZM-4 + 5 ng/ml: 48.6%, mPZM-4 and mPZM-4 +10 ng/ml: 23.4% and 23.1%, respectively).The present results indicate that the addition of Cys to a defined medium for in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes increases intracellular GSH concentration. Further addition of cystine into the IVM medium containing 100 µM Cys is not necessary and TCM199 plus Cys (100 µM) could be used as a defined IVM medium for porcine oocytes. The addition of 5 ng/ml EGF to a defined IVC medium has enhanced subsequent development after ICSI. This study shows that porcine blastocysts can be produced by defined media throughout the steps of IVP (IVM, ICSI and IVC).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Production Science, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080 8555, Japan
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22
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Aflalo ED, Sod-Moriah UA, Potashnik G, Har-Vardi I. EGF increases expression and activity of PAs in preimplantation rat embryos and their implantation rate. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2007; 5:4. [PMID: 17261179 PMCID: PMC1794411 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-5-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryo implantation plays a major role in embryogenesis and the outcome of pregnancy. Plasminogen activators (PAs) have been implicated in mammalian fertilization, early stages of development and embryo implantation. As in-vitro developing embryos resulted in lower implantation rate than those developed in-vivo we assume that a reduced PAs activity may be involved. In the present work we studied the effect of EGF on PAs activity, quantity and embryo implantation. METHODS Zygotes were flushed from rat oviducts on day one of pregnancy and grown in-vitro in R1ECM supplemented with EGF (10 ng/ml) and were grown up to the blastocyst stage. The control groups were grown in the same medium without EGF. The distribution and quantity of the PAs were examined using fluorescence immunohistochemistry followed by measurement of PAs activity using the chromogenic assay. Implantation rate was studied using the embryo donation model. RESULTS PAs distribution in the embryos was the same in EGF treated and untreated embryos. Both PAs were localized in the blastocysts' trophectoderm, supporting the assumption that PAs play a role in the implantation process in rats.EGF increased the quantity of uPA at all stages studied but the 8-cell stage as compared with controls. The tissue type PA (tPA) content was unaffected except the 8-cell stage, which was increased. The activity of uPA increased gradually towards the blastocyst stage and more so due to the presence of EGF. The activity of tPA did not vary with the advancing developmental stages although it was also increased by EGF. The presence of EGF during the preimplantation development doubled the rate of implantation of the treated group as compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliahu D Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Uriel A Sod-Moriah
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Gad Potashnik
- Fertility and In vitro Fertilization (IVF) Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Iris Har-Vardi
- Fertility and In vitro Fertilization (IVF) Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
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Taka M, Iwayama H, Fukui Y. Effect of the well of the well (WOW) system on in vitro culture for porcine embryos after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. J Reprod Dev 2006; 51:533-7. [PMID: 16141648 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.17005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For developmental competence of porcine embryos in vitro, it is important to improve the culture environment. The present study was performed to evaluate four different culture systems for in vitro matured porcine oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); drop, well and two sizes of the well of the well (WOW) systems (500 and 1,000 microm in diameter). The cleavage rate on Day 2 and the mean cell number in blastocysts on Day 6 were not significantly different among the four treatments. However, the 1,000 microm WOW (24.6%) resulted in a significantly higher (P<0.05) blastocyst rate than those in the other culture systems (12.9, 14.8, and 7.1% for drop, well, and 500 microm WOW, respectively). The present study indicates that the microenvironment created by the 1,000 microm diameter WOW improves blastocyst production of in vitro matured porcine oocytes after ICSI, and that the effectiveness of the WOW system is dependent on the size (diameter) of the WOW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Taka
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan
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24
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Kamiya C, Kobayashi M, Fukui Y. In Vitro Culture Conditions Using Chemically Defined Media for In Vitro Matured and Intracytoplasmically Inseminated Porcine Oocytes. J Reprod Dev 2006; 52:625-32. [PMID: 16905878 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.18025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated in vitro culture methods [droplet and Well of the Well (WOW)] using semi-defined and defined media [modified porcine zygote medium (mPZM)] and the additional effects of insulin on in vitro matured and intracytoplasmically inseminated porcine oocytes. In Experiment 1, in vitro matured and intracytoplasmically inseminated porcine oocytes were cultured for 6 days in the following four groups: 1) mPZM-3 (containing bovine serum albumin) + droplet (30 mul), 2) mPZM-3 + WOW, 3) mPZM-4 (containing polyvinyl alcohol) + droplet, and 4) mPZM-4+ WOW. The culture media (mPZM-3 and mPZM-4) and methods (droplet and WOW) did not significantly affect the cleavage rate, but the blastocyst rate of the oocytes cultured in mPZM-3 was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of mPZM-4 (20.1 and 9.4%, respectively). The blastocyst rates as percentages of the cleaved oocytes (51.8 and 16.9%) and the hatched blastocyst rate as percentages of the number of blastocysts (12.3 and 2.2%) were also significantly (P<0.01) higher in mPZM-3 compared with those in mPZM-4. There was significant interaction (P<0.05) between the two main factors; the effects of the culture media and methods on the rate of hatched blasyocysts as percentages of the blastocysts produced and, the hatched blastocyst rate (20.3%) as percentages of the number of blastocysts produced in mPZM-3 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in the other groups. In Experiment 2, the additional effects of insulin (100 ng/ml) in mPZM-3 and mPZM-4 media was investigated in the WOW culture system. Insulin addition did not improve cleavage, blastocyst formation, or the number of cells in blastocysts. However, as in Experiment 1, mPZM-3 resulted in a significantly higher blastocyst rate as percentages of the cleaved oocytes than mPZM-4 (33.9 and 18.4%). These results indicate that a chemically defined medium (mPZM-4) needs to be improved to provide more suitable culture conditions for in vitro development of in vitro matured and intracytoplasmically inseminated porcine oocytes. However, the WOW system may be a useful IVC method for blastocyst development of in vitro matured porcine oocytes following ICSI when a semi-defined medium (mPZM-3) is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kamiya
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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Okada K, Krylov V, Kren R, Fulka J. Development of pig embryos after electro-activation and in vitro fertilization in PZM-3 or PZM supplemented with fetal bovine serum. J Reprod Dev 2005; 52:91-8. [PMID: 16293938 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study was to optimize culture conditions for pig embryos. Initially, we evaluated three different basic culture conditions. When embryos from electro-activation (parthenotes) or in vitro fertilization (IVF-embryos) were cultured in PZM supplemented with 3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (PZM-3) in 4-well dishes, in medium covered with oil in 4-well dishes or in droplets under oil, 0%, 33% and 20% of the parthenotes, and 11%, 23% and 20% of the IVF-embryos developed to blastocysts. Subsequently, we examined the development of embryos when they were cultured in 4-well dishes in medium covered with oil continuously for 7 days or cultured under the same conditions but with a change to fresh medium on Days 2 and 4. In this experiment, 23% (no medium change) and 34% (change) of the parthenotes developed to blastocysts, respectively. When IVF-embryos were cultured under similar conditions, 33% and 38% of the embryos developed to blastocysts. Further improvement was achieved when PZM was supplemented with FBS from Day 4. In this experiment, 47% of the parthenotes developed to blastocysts with an average cell number of 57 +/- 7.7. In IVF-embryo group, 49% of the embryos developed to blastocysts with a mean cell number of 60 +/- 6.1. These results indicate that a change to fresh medium and inclusion of FBS in the medium during the late stages of culture can generate a higher proportion of high-quality blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konosuke Okada
- Center for Cell Therapy and Tissue Repair, VUZV Laboratory, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Whitworth KM, Agca C, Kim JG, Patel RV, Springer GK, Bivens NJ, Forrester LJ, Mathialagan N, Green JA, Prather RS. Transcriptional Profiling of Pig Embryogenesis by Using a 15-K Member Unigene Set Specific for Pig Reproductive Tissues and Embryos1. Biol Reprod 2005; 72:1437-51. [PMID: 15703372 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.037952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential mRNA expression patterns were evaluated between germinal vesicle oocytes (pgvo), four-cell (p4civv), blastocyst (pblivv), and in vitro-produced four-cell (p4civp) and in vitro-produced blastocyst (pblivp) stage embryos to determine key transcripts responsible for early embryonic development in the pig. Five comparisons were made: pgvo to p4civv, p4civv to pblivv, pgvo to pblivv, p4civv to p4civp, and pblivv to pblivp. ANOVA (P < 0.05) was performed with the Benjamini and Hochberg false-discovery-rate multiple correction test on each comparison. A comparison of pgvo to p4civv, p4civv to pblivv, and pgvo to pblivv resulted in 3214, 1989, and 4528 differentially detected cDNAs, respectively. Real-time PCR analysis on seven transcripts showed an identical pattern of changes in expression as observed on the microarrays, while one transcript deviated at a single cell stage. There were 1409 and 1696 differentially detected cDNAs between the in vitro- and in vivo-produced embryos at the four-cell and blastocyst stages, respectively, without the Benjamini and Hochberg false-discovery-rate multiple correction test. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on four genes at the four-cell stage showed an identical pattern of gene expression as found on the microarrays. Real-time PCR analysis on four of five genes at the blastocyst stage showed an identical pattern of gene expression as found on the microarrays. Thus, only 1 of the 39 comparisons of the pattern of gene expression exhibited a major deviation between the microarray and the real-time PCR. These results illustrate the complex mechanisms involved in pig early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Whitworth
- Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Kim HS, Lee GS, Hyun SH, Nam DH, Lee SH, Jeong YW, Kim S, Kim JH, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Embryotropic effect of glycosaminoglycans and receptors in development of porcine pre-implantation embryos. Theriogenology 2005; 63:1167-80. [PMID: 15710201 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Revised: 04/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression of receptors for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the effect of GAGs supplementation on development of porcine IVF embryos. Total RNA was prepared from oocytes, 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos, morulae and blastocysts. The expression of hyaluronic acid receptor (CD44) and heparin (HP) interacting protein (HIP) was determined using RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis. The CD44 and HIP mRNA were detected from in vitro matured oocytes and all stages of pre-implantation embryos. The IVF embryos were cultured in modified NCSU-23 medium supplemented with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/mL) of hyaluronic acid (HA) or heparin. Supplementing with 0.5 mg/mL HA significantly increased total cell number compared to other experimental groups, due to increase in trophectoderm cells. Supplementing with 1.0 mg/mL, HP significantly increased blastocyst formation rate compared to the control group. Supplementing media, in which IVF embryos were cultured with 0.5 mg/mL HA + 1.0 mg/mL HP, significantly increased blastocyst formation rate compared to the control group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the expression of HA and HP receptors and the embryotrophic effect of HA or HP on porcine IVF embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Soo Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Lee GS, Kim HS, Hyun SH, Jeon HY, Nam DH, Jeong YW, Kim S, Kim JH, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Effect of epidermal growth factor in preimplantation development of porcine cloned embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2005; 71:45-51. [PMID: 15736135 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFr) gene, and the effect of exogenous EGF supplementation on preimplantation development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. In vitro matured gilt oocytes were fertilized with frozen-thawed semen in vitro or reconstructed with fetal fibroblasts by SCNT. In Experiment 1, total RNA was isolated from oocytes, preimplantation SCNT, or in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. The expression of EGF and EGFr mRNA was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In SCNT and IVF embryos, the EGF mRNA was detected in oocytes, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, morulae, and blastocysts, while EGFr mRNA was detected in oocytes, 2-cell, morulae, and blastocysts. In Experiment 2, SCNT embryos at 1-cell stage were cultured in North Carolina State University (NCSU)-23 medium supplemented with different concentrations of EGF (0.1, 1, or 10 ng/ml). Supplementing with 10 ng/ml EGF improved cleavage rate (82.8% vs. 76.8%, P<0.05), but not the rate of blastocyst formation compared to the control. At all concentrations, EGF increased (P<0.05) the total cell number in blastocysts (range 50.5-53.7 vs. 43.9). In Experiment 3, EGF (10 ng/ml) was added to NCSU-23 medium at the morula stage. The EGF did not affect blastocyst formation, total cell number in blastocysts or the ratio of inner cell mass (ICM) to total cell number. In conclusion, we demonstrated that EGF and EGFr mRNA are expressed in porcine IVF and SCNT preimplantation embryos, and that EGF increased the quality of blastocysts by increasing total cell numbers in porcine SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gab Sang Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Park JI, Hong JY, Yong HY, Hwang WS, Lim JM, Lee ES. High oxygen tension during in vitro oocyte maturation improves in vitro development of porcine oocytes after fertilization. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 87:133-41. [PMID: 15885446 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Revised: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oxygen tension during IVM and/or IVC on developmental competence of porcine follicular oocytes. Prospective, randomized experiments were designed, and oocytes were matured, inseminated and cultured in vitro in the designated condition. In experiment 1, either high (20%) or low (7%) oxygen tension was used for IVM. The high oxygen significantly improved blastocyst formation (23% versus 13%; P<0.01) after IVF than the low oxygen. Such treatment, however, did not significantly (P>0.05) improve the rates of nuclear maturation (89% in each treatment), sperm penetration (62-72%), monospermic fertilization (56-67%), pronuclear formation (90-96%), cleavage (49-53%) and blastocyst cell number (31-32 cells). In experiment 2, the combined effect of oxygen tension during IVM and IVC of embryos was evaluated by a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Again, the high oxygen tension during IVM supported blastocyst formation more efficiently (P<0.01) than the low oxygen, and this was independent of oxygen tension during IVC (26-28% versus 15-16%). In oocytes matured under the high oxygen, a tendency to increase blastomere number (P=0.0630) was found, when the low oxygen was used for IVC after insemination (39-45 cells/blastocyst). In conclusion, the use of high oxygen tension (20% maintained by exposure to 5% CO2 in air) for IVM of porcine oocytes promoted blastocyst formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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Taniguchi F, Harada T, Nara M, Deura I, Mitsunari M, Terakawa N. Coculture with a human granulosa cell line enhanced the development of murine preimplantation embryos via SCF/c-kit system. J Assist Reprod Genet 2004; 21:223-8. [PMID: 15526978 PMCID: PMC3455229 DOI: 10.1023/b:jarg.0000040238.61586.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect on the coculture of murine embryos with a human ovarian granulosa tumor derived cell line (KGN cells). METHODS We observed microscopically the growth of murine preimplantation embryos in the coculture system with KGN cells or in the presence with exogenous stem cell factor (SCF). The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to analyze the gene expression of SCF in KGN cells cocultured with murine embryos. RESULTS The coculture system with KGN cells significantly increased the rate of embryo development to late blastocyst and to hatching stage. We also found that coculture with murine embryos enhanced the gene expression of SCF in KGN cells. Adding human recombinant SCF to the medium significantly enhanced embryo development to late blastocyst and hatching stage. CONCLUSIONS KGN cells may facilitate preimplantion embryo development through SCF/c-kit paracrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Taniguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
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Hong JY, Yong HY, Lee BC, Hwang WS, Lim JM, Lee ES. Effects of amino acids on maturation, fertilization and embryo development of pig follicular oocytes in two IVM media. Theriogenology 2004; 62:1473-82. [PMID: 15451256 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2003] [Revised: 11/11/2003] [Accepted: 02/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a serum-free, defined medium for IVM of pig oocytes. Modified North Carolina State University (mNCSU)-23 media with or without supplementation with both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and gonadotrophin were used as base media. In separate experiments, each base medium was supplemented with porcine follicular fluid (pFF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PVA and essential amino acids (EAA), PVA and nonessential amino acids (NEAA) or PVA with both EAA and NEAA. Averaged across these five treatments, the percentage of blastocyst formation was higher (P < 0.05) in the base medium supplemented with EGF and gonadotrophins. In both base media, the addition of NEAA yielded similar percentages of maturation (81-82% versus 75-80%), sperm penetration (89-93% versus 80-86%) and blastocyst formation (4-18% versus 4-13%) as media supplemented with pFF. Although similar benefits were found after the addition of EAA, their addition was associated with lower (P < 0.05) maturation (66%) and sperm penetration (58%) than when pFF was added to the base medium without EGF and gonadotrophins. However, decreased maturation after EAA addition was not detected in the base medium containing EGF and gonadotrophins. Within the same base medium, monospermy, male pronucleus formation, cleavage and blastocyst formation were not affected by the treatments; and combined addition of EAA and NEAA did not further improve oocyte development. In conclusion, a maturation system using a defined mNCSU-23 medium supplemented with EGF, gonadotrophins and EAA or NEAA was developed which yielded a similar number of blastocysts compared with a pFF-containing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Hong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
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Lee SH, Kim DY, Nam DH, Hyun SH, Lee GS, Kim HS, Lee CK, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Role of messenger RNA expression of platelet activating factor and its receptor in porcine in vitro-fertilized and cloned embryo development. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:919-25. [PMID: 15151927 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.026138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet activating factor (PAF) is known as an autocrine growth/survival factor in mammalian preimplantation embryos. This study investigated the expression of porcine PAF receptor (PAFr) mRNA and its role in porcine in vitro fertilized (IVF) or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo development. The expression of PAFr mRNA in IVF or SCNT blastocysts was shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot analysis. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis demonstrated that PAFr mRNA was expressed during preimplantation embryo development, it was highly expressed through the 2-cell to 8-cell embryo stage, and it decreased at the morula stage. PAFr mRNA expression was detected steadily in IVF embryos, whereas it was varied at the 2-cell, 4-cell, and blastocyst stages in SCNT embryos. To determine the role of PAF in IVF and SCNT embryo development, embryos were cultured in North Carolina State University (NCSU)-23 medium supplemented with different concentrations of PAF (0, 0.037, 0.37, 3.72, or 37.2 nM). The PAF supplement significantly increased the rate of blastocyst formation in SCNT embryos, but not in IVF embryos. The PAF supplement for the entire 168 h of culture showed significantly higher blastocyst formation in SCNT embryos. Upregulation of PAFr mRNA by PAF in SCNT embryos indicated that the embryotrophic effect of PAF was mediated through its functional receptors in SCNT embryos. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PAFr mRNA was expressed in porcine IVF and SCNT embryos, and that PAF supplement improved the developmental competence of SCNT embryos through its specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnololgy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Kidson A, Rubio-Pomar FJ, Van Knegsel A, Van Tol HTA, Hazeleger W, Ducro-Steverink DWB, Colenbrander B, Dieleman SJ, Bevers MM. Quality of porcine blastocysts produced in vitro in the presence or absence of GH. Reproduction 2004; 127:165-77. [PMID: 15056782 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
GH receptor (GHR) mRNA is expressed in bovinein vitroproduced embryos up to the blastocyst stage and GH improves the quality of bovine embryos by increasing blastocyst cell numbers and reducing the incidence of apoptosis as evaluated by DNA strand-break labelling. Porcinein vitroproduced blastocysts have lower cell numbers thanin vivoblastocysts and exhibit higher incidences of apoptosis. Therefore we investigated the effects of 100 ng GH/ml NCSU23 medium duringin vitroculture of presumptivein vitrofertilized sow zygotes on embryo development and blastocyst quality (defined by diameter, cell number, apoptosis and survival after non-surgical transfer).In vivoproduced blastocysts were analysed concurrently as a reference value. GHR was expressed in embryos from the 2-cell to blastocyst stages. GH had no effect on blastocyst development or cell numbers, but increased the mean blastocyst diameter. The incidence of apoptosis, detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL), was decreased by GH, but when non-TUNEL-labelled apoptotic fragmented nuclei were included, no difference was seen. GH appeared to slow down the progression of apoptosis though.In vivoproduced blastocysts presented no apoptotic nuclei, and contained higher cell numbers and larger diameters. Pregnancy rates on day 11 were similar for all groups, but survival was poorer forin vitrothanin vivoproduced blastocysts. In this study GH appeared to be beneficial only from the blastocyst stage, but the presence of GHR from early cleavage stages nevertheless indicates a role for GH throughout porcine embryo development and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kidson
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Cui XS, Kim NH. Epidermal growth factor induces Bcl-xL gene expression and reduces apoptosis in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2003; 66:273-8. [PMID: 14502606 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.10353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the interactive effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the viability and development of porcine presumptive diploid parthenotes developing in vitro. The addition of 0.1 and 0.4% BSA to the culture medium enhanced the development of 4-cell parthenotes to the blastocyst stage but EGF had no effect. However, while BSA also increased cell numbers, it did so only when EGF was also present. Either agent on its own had no effect. Similarly, apoptosis in the blastocysts was not influenced by either agent on its own but was reduced when both BSA and EGF were present. Furthermore, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that EGF enhanced the mRNA expression of Bcl-xL in the presence of 0.4% BSA but BSA and EGF alone had no effect. EGF and/or BSA did not influence Bak gene expression in the blastocyst stage parthenotes. These results suggest that EGF and BSA synergistically enhance Bcl-xL gene expression, which may result in a net increase in cell number in porcine presumptive diploid parthenotes developing in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Chungbuk, South Korea
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