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Su Y, Zhu J, Salman S, Tang Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells from farm animals. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5937369. [PMID: 33098420 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has revolutionized the world on the establishment of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) across a great variety of animal species. Generation of iPSCs from domesticated animals would provide unrestricted cell resources for the study of embryonic development and cell differentiation of these species, for screening and establishing desired traits for sustainable agricultural production, and as veterinary and preclinical therapeutic tools for animal and human diseases. Induced PSCs from domesticated animals thus harbor enormous scientific, economical, and societal values. Although much progress has been made toward the generation of PSCs from these species, major obstacles remain precluding the exclamation of the establishment of bona fide iPSCs. The most prominent of them remain the inability of these cells to silence exogenous reprogramming factors, the obvious reliance on exogenous factors for their self-renewal, and the restricted development potential in vivo. In this review, we summarize the history and current progress in domestic farm animal iPSC generation, with a focus on swine, ruminants (cattle, ovine, and caprine), horses, and avian species (quails and chickens). We also discuss the problems associated with the farm animal iPSCs and potential future directions toward the complete reprogramming of somatic cells from farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Saleh Salman
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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Scarfone RA, Pena SM, Russell KA, Betts DH, Koch TG. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells in domestic animals: a narrative review. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:477. [PMID: 33292200 PMCID: PMC7722595 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are undifferentiated stem cells characterized by the ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. iPSCs are a relatively new and rapidly developing technology in many fields of biology, including developmental anatomy and physiology, pathology, and toxicology. These cells have great potential in research as they are self-renewing and pluripotent with minimal ethical concerns. Protocols for their production have been developed for many domestic animal species, which have since been used to further our knowledge in the progression and treatment of diseases. This research is valuable both for veterinary medicine as well as for the prospect of translation to human medicine. Safety, cost, and feasibility are potential barriers for this technology that must be considered before widespread clinical adoption. This review will analyze the literature pertaining to iPSCs derived from various domestic species with a focus on iPSC production and characterization, applications for tissue and disease research, and applications for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Scarfone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Samantha M Pena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Keith A Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dean H Betts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Analyzing bovine OCT4 and NANOG enhancer activity in pluripotent stem cells using fluorescent protein reporters. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203923. [PMID: 30289916 PMCID: PMC6173392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporters controlled by the regulatory region of OCT4 and NANOG—two master regulators for pluripotency are widely used in studies of pluripotent stem cell establishment and embryo development. Alongside the challenge in establishing bovine pluripotent stem cells, the application of bovine-specific gene reporters has rarely been explored. Using lentivirus-based GFP reporter, we investigated the upstream regulatory regions of bovine OCT4 and NANOG. These reporters show activity in both naïve- and primed-state pluripotency when infected into mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), respectively. Consistent with what is found in humans and mice, the bovine OCT4-distal enhancer (bOCT4-DE) but not the proximal enhancer (bOCT4-PE) region is preferentially activated in naïve-state pluripotency. Furthermore, the bOCT4-DE region is silenced upon conversion of naive-state ESCs into primed-state epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs). Co-infection of mouse fibroblasts with the reprograming factors for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) induction leads to the generation of GFP positive colonies, demonstrating that these GFP reporters can serve as live indicators for induced pluripotent cell establishment. We further proved that the bovine OCT4 distal enhancer is active in bovine blastocysts. We established the lentiviral-based fluorescent reporters controlled by bovine OCT4 and NANOG enhancer sequences. These reporter constructs show activity in naïve- and primed-pluripotent states. These reporters may serve as versatile tools for bovine ESC/iPSC generation and identification, as well as for developmental studies of bovine embryos.
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Canizo JR, Vazquez Echegaray C, Klisch D, Aller JF, Paz DA, Alberio RH, Alberio R, Guberman AS. Exogenous human OKSM factors maintain pluripotency gene expression of bovine and porcine iPS-like cells obtained with STEMCCA delivery system. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:509. [PMID: 30053877 PMCID: PMC6062933 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells as an alternative to embryonic stem cells to produce transgenic animals requires the development of a biotechnological platform for their generation. In this study, different strategies for the generation of bovine and porcine iPS cells were evaluated. Lentiviral vectors were used to deliver human factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC (OKSM) into bovine and porcine embryonic fibroblasts and different culture conditions were evaluated. RESULTS Protocols based on the integrative lentiviral vector STEMCCA produced porcine iPS-like cells more efficiently than in bovine cells. The iPS-like cells generated displayed stem cell features; however, expression of exogenous factors was maintained along at least 12 passages. Since inactivation of the exogenous factors is still a major bottleneck for establishing fully reprogrammed iPS cells, defining culture conditions that support endogenous OKSM expression is critical for the efficient generation of farm animals' iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica R Canizo
- Departamento de Producción Animal, INTA EEA Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Vazquez Echegaray
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Doris Klisch
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Juan F Aller
- Departamento de Producción Animal, INTA EEA Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dante A Paz
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo H Alberio
- Departamento de Producción Animal, INTA EEA Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Alberio
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alejandra S Guberman
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Construction of a Dual-Fluorescence Reporter System to Monitor the Dynamic Progression of Pluripotent Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1390284. [PMID: 27999597 PMCID: PMC5143739 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1390284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oct4 is a crucial germ line-specific transcription factor expressed in different pluripotent cells and downregulated in the process of differentiation. There are two conserved enhancers, called the distal enhancer (DE) and proximal enhancer (PE), in the 5' upstream regulatory sequences (URSs) of the mouse Oct4 gene, which were demonstrated to control Oct4 expression independently in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs). We analyzed the URSs of the pig Oct4 and identified two similar enhancers that were highly consistent with the mouse DE and PE. A dual-fluorescence reporter was later constructed by combining a DE-free-Oct4-promoter-driven EGFP reporter cassette with a PE-free-Oct4-promoter-driven mCherry reporter cassette. Then, it was tested in a mouse ESC-like cell line (F9) and a mouse EpiSC-like cell line (P19) before it is formally used for pig. As a result, a higher red fluorescence was observed in F9 cells, while green fluorescence was primarily detected in P19 cells. This fluorescence expression pattern in the two cell lines was consistent with that in the early naïve pluripotent state and late primed pluripotent state during differentiation of mouse ESCs. Hence, this reporter system will be a convenient tool for screening out ESC-like naïve pluripotent stem cells from other metastable state cells in a heterogenous population.
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Zhang M, Pan C, Lin Q, Hu S, Dang R, Lei C, Chen H, Lan X. Exploration of the exonic variations of the iPSC-related <i>Nanog</i> gene and their effects on phenotypic traits in cattle. Arch Anim Breed 2016. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-59-351-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Nanog is an important pluripotent transcription regulator transforming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and its overexpression leads to a high expression of the growth and differentiation factor 3 (GDF3), which affects animal growth traits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the genetic variations within the Nanog gene and their effects on phenotypic traits in cattle. Six novel exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in six cattle breeds. Seven haplotypes were analyzed: TCAACC (0.260), TCAATA (0.039), TCATCC (0.019), TCGACC (0.506), TCGATA (0.137), TCGTCC (0.036), and CTGATA (0.003). There were strong linkage disequilibriums of SNP1 and SNP2 in Jiaxian cattle as well as of SNP5 and SNP6 in both Jiaxian cattle and Nanyang cattle. Moreover, SNP3, SNP4, and SNP5 were associated with phenotypes. The individuals with GG genotype at the SNP3 locus or AA genotype at the SNP4 locus showed better body slanting length and chest circumference or body height and hucklebone width in Nanyang cattle. The superiority of the SNP5-C allele regarding body height and cannon circumference was observed in Jiaxian cattle. The combination of SNP3 and SNP4 (GG–AA) had positive effects on body height, body slanting length, and chest circumference. These findings may indicate that Nanog, as a regulator of bovine growth traits, could be a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding and genetics in cattle.
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Cravero D, Martignani E, Miretti S, Accornero P, Pauciullo A, Sharma R, Donadeu FX, Baratta M. Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Bovine Epithelial Cells and Partial Redirection Toward a Mammary Phenotype In Vitro. Cell Reprogram 2016; 17:211-20. [PMID: 26053520 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be grown robustly in vitro and differentiated into virtually any tissue, thus providing an attractive alternative for biomedical applications. Although iPSC technology is already being used in human biomedicine, its potential in animal production has not been investigated. Herein, we investigated the potential application of iPSCs in dairy production by generating bovine iPSCs and establishing their ability to generate mammary epithelial tissue. iPSCs were derived by retrovirus-mediated expression of murine Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc in mammary epithelium and dermal fibroblasts. The resulting reprogrammed cells stained positive for alkaline phosphatase and showed renewed expression of pluripotency genes, including Lin28, Rex1, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. In addition, injection of epithelial- or fibroblast-derived reprogrammed cells into nonobese diabetic (NOD/NOD) mice resulted in the formation of teratomas containing differentiated derivatives of the three germ layers, including cartilage, membranous ossification, stratified squamous epithelial tissue, hair follicles, neural pinwheels, and different types of glandular tissue. Finally, mammary epithelium-derived iPSCs could be induced to differentiate back to a mammary phenotype characterized by epithelial cells expressing cytokeratin 14 (CK14), CK18, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) as a result of treatment with 10 nM progesterone. This study reports for the first time the generation of iPSCs from bovine epithelial cells and demonstrates the potential of using iPSCs technology for generating bovine mammary tissue in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cravero
- 1 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino , 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Eugenio Martignani
- 1 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino , 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Silvia Miretti
- 1 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino , 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Paulo Accornero
- 1 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino , 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Alfredo Pauciullo
- 2 Department Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino , Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- 3 The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Xavier Donadeu
- 3 The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Baratta
- 1 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino , 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Yang F, Zhang J, Liu Y, Cheng D, Wang H. Structure and functional evaluation of porcine NANOG that is a single-exon gene and has two pseudogenes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 59:142-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Guo Y, Lei L, Ma X, Wang H. Characterization of the proximal region of the goat NANOG promoter that is used for monitoring cell reprogramming and early embryo development. Vet J 2014; 199:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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