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Golkar-Narenji A, Dziegiel P, Kempisty B, Petitte J, Mozdziak PE, Bryja A. In vitro culture of reptile PGCS to preserve endangered species. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1314-1326. [PMID: 37178380 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs), are the source of gametes in vertebrates. There are similarities in the development of PGCs of reptiles with avian and mammalian species PGCs development. PGCs culture has been performed for avian and mammalian species but there is no report for reptilian PGCs culture. In vitro culture of PGCs is needed to produce transgenic animals, preservation of endangered animals and for studies on cell behaviour and research on fertility. Reptiles are traded as exotic pets and a source of food and they are valuable for their skin and they are useful as model for medical research. Transgenic reptile has been suggested to be useful for pet industry and medical research. In this research different aspects of PGCs development was compared in three main classes of vertebrates including mammalian, avian and reptilian species. It is proposed that a discussion on similarities between reptilian PGCs development with avian and mammalian species helps to find clues for studies of reptilian PGCs development details and finding an efficient protocol for in vitro culture of reptilian PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Golkar-Narenji
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
- Graduate Physiology Program NC State University North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
| | - James Petitte
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Edward Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Graduate Physiology Program NC State University North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Artur Bryja
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
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Dehdilani N, Yousefi Taemeh S, Rival-Gervier S, Montillet G, Kress C, Jean C, Goshayeshi L, Dehghani H, Pain B. Enhanced cultivation of chicken primordial germ cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12323. [PMID: 37516783 PMCID: PMC10387062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultivation and expansion of chicken primordial germ cells (cPGCs) are of critical importance for both biotechnological applications and the management of poultry genetic biodiversity. The feeder-free culture system has become the most popular approach for the cultivation and expansion of cPGCs. However, despite some success in the cultivation of cPGCs, the reproducibility of culture conditions across different laboratories remains a challenge. This study aimed to compare two defined and enriched media for the growth of cPGCs originating from the Hubbard JA57 broiler. To this end, cPGCs were isolated from the embryonic blood of Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stages 14-16 and cultured at various time points. The Growth properties and characteristics of these cells were evaluated in two different culture conditions (the defined or enriched medium) and their migratory properties were assessed after genetic engineering and injection into the vasculature of 2.5-day-old chicken embryos. The main finding of this study was that the use of an enriched medium (the defined medium with Knock-Out Serum Replacement; KOSR) resulted in improved growth properties of cPGCs originating from the Hubbard JA57 broiler compared to a defined medium. The ability to cultivate and expand cPGCs is crucial for the generation of both genetically engineered birds and breeds of interest from local or commercial origins. Therefore, these results highlight the importance of choosing an appropriate culture medium for cPGCs growth and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Dehdilani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Yousefi Taemeh
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sylvie Rival-Gervier
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Guillaume Montillet
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Clémence Kress
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Christian Jean
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Lena Goshayeshi
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bertrand Pain
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France.
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3
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Ichikawa K, Horiuchi H. Fate Decisions of Chicken Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs): Development, Integrity, Sex Determination, and Self-Renewal Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030612. [PMID: 36980885 PMCID: PMC10048776 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursor cells of sperm and eggs. The fate decisions of chicken PGCs in terms of their development, integrity, and sex determination have unique features, thereby providing insights into evolutionary developmental biology. Additionally, fate decisions in the context of a self-renewal mechanism have been applied to establish culture protocols for chicken PGCs, enabling the production of genome-edited chickens and the conservation of genetic resources. Thus, studies on the fate decisions of chicken PGCs have significantly contributed to both academic and industrial development. Furthermore, studies on fate decisions have rapidly advanced owing to the recent development of essential research technologies, such as genome editing and RNA sequencing. Here, we reviewed the status of fate decisions of chicken PGCs and provided insight into other important research issues that require attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennosuke Ichikawa
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Hiroshima, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Hiroshima, Japan
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4
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Rengaraj D, Cha DG, Lee HJ, Lee KY, Choi YH, Jung KM, Kim YM, Choi HJ, Choi HJ, Yoo E, Woo SJ, Park JS, Park KJ, Kim JK, Han JY. Dissecting chicken germ cell dynamics by combining a germ cell tracing transgenic chicken model with single-cell RNA sequencing. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1654-1669. [PMID: 35465157 PMCID: PMC9010679 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian germ cells can be distinguished by certain characteristics during development. On the basis of these characteristics, germ cells can be used for germline transmission. However, the dynamic transcriptional landscape of avian germ cells during development is unknown. Here, we used a novel germ-cell-tracing method to monitor and isolate chicken germ cells at different stages of development. We targeted the deleted in azoospermia like (DAZL) gene, a germ-cell-specific marker, to integrate a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene without affecting endogenous DAZL expression. The resulting transgenic chickens (DAZL::GFP) were used to uncover the dynamic transcriptional landscape of avian germ cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of 4,752 male and 13,028 female DAZL::GFP germ cells isolated from embryonic day E2.5 to 1 week post-hatch identified sex-specific developmental stages (4 stages in male and 5 stages in female) and trajectories (apoptosis and meiosis paths in female) of chicken germ cells. The male and female trajectories were characterized by a gradual acquisition of stage-specific transcription factor activities. We also identified evolutionary conserved and species-specific gene expression programs during both chicken and human germ-cell development. Collectively, these novel analyses provide mechanistic insights into chicken germ-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivendran Rengaraj
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong Gon Cha
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ha Choi
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Eunhui Yoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Je Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
- Corresponding authors at: POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, South Korea (J.K. Kim). Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea (J.Y. Han).
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Corresponding authors at: POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, South Korea (J.K. Kim). Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea (J.Y. Han).
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5
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Rengaraj D, Cha DG, Park KJ, Lee KY, Woo SJ, Han JY. Finer resolution analysis of transcriptional programming during the active migration of chicken primordial germ cells. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5911-5924. [PMID: 36382185 PMCID: PMC9636429 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in chickens polarize and move passively toward the anterior region by the morphogenetic movement of the embryo. Further migration of PGCs towards the genital ridge via the germinal crescent region and blood vessels occurs actively through the chemoattractive signals. The mechanisms of initiation of PGCs migration, lodging the PGCs in the vascular system, and colonization of PGCs in the gonads are well-studied. However, transcriptome sequencing-based cues directing the migration of the PGCs towards gonads, some of the relevant molecules, biological processes, and transcription factors (TFs) are less studied in chickens. The current study comprehensively interprets the transcriptional programming of PGCs during their active migration (E2.5 to E8). Current results revealed several vital understandings, including a set of genes that upregulated male-specifically (XPA, GNG10, RPL17, RPS23, and NDUFS4) or female-specifically (HINTW, NIPBL, TERAL2, ATP5F1AW, and SMAD2W) in migrating PGCs, and transcriptionally distinct PGCs, particularly in the gonadal environment. We identified DNA methylation and histone modification-associated genes that are novel in chicken PGCs and show a time-dependent enrichment in migrating PGCs. We further identified a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs, including TFs) in blood PGCs (at E2.5) compared to gonadal PGCs (at E8) in both sexes; however, this difference was greater in males. We also revealed the enriched biological processes and signaling pathways of significant DEGs identified commonly, male-specifically, or female-specifically between the PGCs isolated at E2.5, E6, and E8. Collectively, these analyses provide molecular insights into chicken PGCs during their active migration phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivendran Rengaraj
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dong Gon Cha
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Je Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding author at: Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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6
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Dehdilani N, Taemeh SY, Goshayeshi L, Dehghani H. Genetically engineered birds; pre-CRISPR and CRISPR era. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:24-46. [PMID: 34668968 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating biopharmaceuticals in genetically engineered bioreactors continues to reign supreme. Hence, genetically engineered birds have attracted considerable attention from the biopharmaceutical industry. Fairly recent genome engineering methods have made genome manipulation an easy and affordable task. In this review, we first provide a broad overview of the approaches and main impediments ahead of generating efficient and reliable genetically engineered birds, and various factors that affect the fate of a transgene. This section provides an essential background for the rest of the review, in which we discuss and compare different genome manipulation methods in the pre-CRISPR and CRISPR era in the field of avian genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Dehdilani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Yousefi Taemeh
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lena Goshayeshi
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Chicken Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Applications: A Mini Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071883. [PMID: 34202772 PMCID: PMC8300106 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are capable of differentiation into bone, muscle, fat, and closely related lineages and express unique and specific cell surface markers. They can be used as an avian culture model to better understand osteogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic pathways. Moreover, MSCs could also be used as a model to study various developmental and physiological processes in avian and other species. To obtain a comprehensive overview of this topic, the keywords “mesenchymal stem cells”, “chicken”, “disease”, “chicken dermatitis”, “viral infections in chicken”, and “antibiotics in chicken” were searched in WOS and PUBMED databases to obtain relevant information. Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that adhere to plastic; express the specific markers CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105; and produce cytokines and growth factors supporting and regulating hematopoiesis. MSCs have capacity for differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes. They are useful for research toward better understanding the pathogenic potential of the infectious bursal disease virus, mineralization during osteogenesis, and interactions between MSCs as a feeder layer to other cells. MSCs are also important for immunomodulatory cell therapy, can provide a suitable strategy model for coculture with pathogens causing dermatitis disorders in chickens, can be cultured in vitro with probiotics and prebiotics with a view to eliminate the feeding of antibiotic growth promoters, and offer cell-based meat production. Moreover, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) in coculture with hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells (HPCs/HSCs) can support expansion and regulation of the hematopoiesis process using the 3D-culture system in future research in chickens. MSCs’ several advantages, including ready availability, strong proliferation, and immune modulatory properties make them a suitable model in the field of stem cell research. This review summarizes current knowledge about the general characterization of MSCs and their application in chicken as a model organism.
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Amporn C, Tang PC, Wang CK. Derivation and characterization of putative embryonic stem cells isolated from blastoderms of Taiwan Country chicken for the production of chimeric chickens. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:920-929. [PMID: 33970791 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1848856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The conservation of Taiwan Country chicken (TCC) is important due to concerns for the local breed's adaptability to the area and disease resistance. Furthermore, the genetic resource base of native chickens can be used to improve egg and meat production efficiency in commercial TCC. As the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold great potential for regenerative medicine and species conservation, the aims of this study were to isolate and characterize ESCs of TCC. The blastodermal cells (BCs) were isolated from the zona pellucida of stage X chicken embryos and cultured in conditioned medium for the proliferation and maintenance of BCs in vitro. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that POUV, SOX2 and NANOG were expressed in the putative ESCs. In addition, the expression of pluripotent markers, SSEA-1 and SSEA-4, was detected. The DiI-stained ESCs were injected into the dorsal aorta of the E3.5 recipient fetuses soon after staining and the injected embryos were continuously incubated and checked on day 7 of incubation. It was shown that some DiI-positive cells were found in the 7-d-old chimeric embryos. The results demonstrated that some pluripotent cells existed in the cultured BCs for the production of germline chimeric embryos from TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalothon Amporn
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Kai Wang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Long-term in vitro culture and preliminary establishment of chicken primordial germ cell lines. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196459. [PMID: 29709001 PMCID: PMC5927411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of functional gametes and can be used as efficient transgenic tools and carriers in bioreactors. Few methods for long-term culture of PGCs are available. In this study, we tested various culture conditions for PGCs, and used the optimum culture system to culture chicken gonad PGCs for about three hundred days. Long-term-cultured PGCs were detected and characterized by karyotype analysis, immunocytochemical staining of SSEA-1, c-kit, Sox2, cDAZL, and quantitative RT-PCR for specific genes like Tert, DAZL, POUV, and NANOG. Cultured PGCs labeled with PKH26 were reinjected into Stage X recipient embryos and into the dorsal aorta of Stage 14–17 embryos to assay their ability of migration into the germinal crescent and gonads, respectively. In conclusion, the most suitable culture system for PGCs is as follows: feeder layer cells treated with 20 μg/mL mitomycin C for 2 hours, and with 50% conditioned medium added to the factor culture medium. PGCs cultured in this system retain their pluripotency and the unique ability of migration without transformation, indicating the successful preliminary establishment of chicken primordial germ cell lines and these PGCs can be considered for use as carriers in transgenic bioreactors.
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10
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Liu C, Chang IK, Khazanehdari KA, Thomas S, Varghese P, Baskar V, Alkhatib R, Li W, Kinne J, McGrew MJ, Wernery U. Uniparental chicken offsprings derived from oogenesis of chicken primordial germ cells (ZZ). Biol Reprod 2017; 96:686-693. [PMID: 28339605 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.144253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer) in avian species has proven unachievable due to the physical structure of the avian oocyte. Here, the sexual differentiation of primordial germ cells with genetic sex ZZ (ZZ PGCs) was investigated in female germline chimeric chicken hosts with the aim to produce uniparental offspring. ZZ PGCs were expanded in culture and transplanted into the same and opposite sex chicken embryos which were partially sterilized using irradiation. All tested chimeric roosters (ZZ/ZZ) showed germline transmission with transmission rates of 3.2%-91.4%. Unexpectedly, functional oogenesis of chicken ZZ PGCs was found in three chimeric hens, resulting in a transmission rate of 2.3%-27.8%. Matings were conducted between the germline chimeras (ZZ/ZZ and ZZ/ZW) which derived from the same ZZ PGCs line. Paternal uniparental chicken offspring were obtained with a transmission rate up to 28.4% and as expected, all uniparental offspring were phenotypic male (ZZ). Genotype analysis of uniparental offsprings was performed using 13 microsatellite markers. The genotype profile showed that uniparental offspring were 100% genetically identical to the donor ZZ PGC line, shared 69.2%-88.5% identity with the donor bird. Homozygosity of the tested birds varied from 61.5% to 84.6%, which was higher than the donor bird (38.5%). These results demonstrate that male avian ZZ PGCs can differentiate into functional ova in an ovary, and uniparental avian clones are possible. This technology suggests novel approaches for generating genetically similar flocks of birds and for the conservation of avian genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhai Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | - Il-Kuk Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Shruti Thomas
- Department of Cell Biology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | - Preetha Varghese
- Department of Cell Biology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | - Vijaya Baskar
- Department of Cell Biology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | - Razan Alkhatib
- Department of Cell Biology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | - Wenhai Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | - Jörg Kinne
- Department of Cell Biology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | - Michael J McGrew
- Division of Developmental Biology, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ulrich Wernery
- Department of Cell Biology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
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Tonus C, Cloquette K, Ectors F, Piret J, Gillet L, Antoine N, Desmecht D, Vanderplasschen A, Waroux O, Grobet L. Long term-cultured and cryopreserved primordial germ cells from various chicken breeds retain high proliferative potential and gonadal colonisation competency. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:628-39. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
When derived from chicken embryos, avian primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been reported to keep their germline-specific properties and proliferative potential even after long-term culture and genetic modifications. Few teams to date have reported such long-term expansion and engineering without differentiation of primary avian PGCs’ cultures. We have developed original and robust methods that allow more than 1 year culture, expansion and cryobanking of primary cultures of PGCs without obvious effects on their biological properties, including their ability to colonise the genital ridges. Overall, 38% of embryonic samples gave rise to PGCs lines derived from three commercial layers and two Belgian endangered breeds. The lines kept their proliferative potential and their characteristic PGCs phenotype after 20 months in culture, whether or not interrupted by a cryopreservation step. All the resulting lines appeared devoid of female cells, although initially pooled from male and female embryos. Labelled PGCs from 12 long-term cultured lines colonised the genital ridges of recipient embryos. Thus, this procedure allows derivation, long-term expansion and cryobanking of primary cultures of PGCs without obvious changes to their original characteristics, providing an alternative access to applications in avian biotechnology and preservation of genetic resources.
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12
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Sisakhtnezhad S, Bahrami AR, Matin MM, Dehghani H, Momeni-Moghaddam M, Boozarpour S, Farshchian M, Dastpak M. The molecular signature and spermatogenesis potential of newborn chicken spermatogonial stem cells in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:415-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rengaraj D, Lee SI, Park TS, Lee HJ, Kim YM, Sohn YA, Jung M, Noh SJ, Jung H, Han JY. Small non-coding RNA profiling and the role of piRNA pathway genes in the protection of chicken primordial germ cells. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:757. [PMID: 25185950 PMCID: PMC4286946 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes, RNAs, and proteins play important roles during germline development. However, the functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) on germline development remain unclear in avian species. Recent high-throughput techniques have identified several classes of ncRNAs, including micro RNAs (miRNAs), small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). These ncRNAs are functionally important in the genome, however, the identification and annotation of ncRNAs in a genome is challenging. The aim of this study was to identify different types of small ncRNAs particularly piRNAs, and the role of piRNA pathway genes in the protection of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). RESULTS At first, we performed next-generation sequencing to identify ncRNAs in chicken PGCs, and we performed ab initio predictive analysis to identify putative piRNAs in PGCs. Then, we examined the expression of three repetitive sequence-linked piRNAs and 14 genic-transcript-linked piRNAs along with their linked genes using real-time PCR. All piRNAs and their linked genes were highly expressed in PGCs. Subsequently, we knocked down two known piRNA pathway genes of chicken, PIWI-like protein 1 (CIWI) and 2 (CILI), in PGCs using siRNAs. After knockdown of CIWI and CILI, we examined their effects on the expression of six putative piRNA-linked genes and DNA double-strand breakage in PGCs. The knockdown of CIWI and CILI upregulated chicken repetitive 1 (CR1) element and RAP2B, a member of RAS oncogene family, and increased DNA double-strand breakage in PGCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results increase the understanding of PGC-expressed piRNAs and the role of piRNA pathway genes in the protection of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
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