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Siquara da Rocha LDO, Souza BSDF, Coletta RD, Lambert DW, Gurgel Rocha CA. Mapping Cell-in-Cell Structures in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2418. [PMID: 37830632 PMCID: PMC10572403 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-in-cell (CIC) structures contribute to tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In vitro 3D models may contribute to the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of these events. We employed a spheroid model to study the CIC structures in OSCC. Spheroids were obtained from OSCC (HSC3) and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) lines using the Nanoshuttle-PLTM bioprinting system (Greiner Bio-One). Spheroid form, size, and reproducibility were evaluated over time (EvosTM XL; ImageJ version 1.8). Slides were assembled, stained (hematoxylin and eosin), and scanned (Axio Imager Z2/VSLIDE) using the OlyVIA System (Olympus Life Science) and ImageJ software (NIH) for cellular morphology and tumor zone formation (hypoxia and/or proliferative zones) analysis. CIC occurrence, complexity, and morphology were assessed considering the spheroid regions. Well-formed spheroids were observed within 6 h of incubation, showing the morphological aspects of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxic (core) and proliferative zone (periphery) formation. CIC structures were found in both homotypic and heterotypic groups, predominantly in the proliferative zone of the mixed HSC3/CAF spheroids. "Complex cannibalism" events were also noted. These results showcase the potential of this model in further studies on CIC morphology, formation, and relationship with tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Oliveira Siquara da Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (L.d.O.S.d.R.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (L.d.O.S.d.R.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Clarissa A. Gurgel Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (L.d.O.S.d.R.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
- Department of Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, BA, Brazil
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