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Siquara da Rocha LDO, de Morais EF, de Oliveira LQR, Barbosa AV, Lambert DW, Gurgel Rocha CA, Coletta RD. Exploring beyond Common Cell Death Pathways in Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:103. [PMID: 38392321 PMCID: PMC10886582 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common and lethal type of head and neck cancer in the world. Variable response and acquisition of resistance to traditional therapies show that it is essential to develop novel strategies that can provide better outcomes for the patient. Understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell death control has increased rapidly in recent years. Activation of cell death pathways, such as the emerging forms of non-apoptotic programmed cell death, including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, NETosis, parthanatos, mitoptosis and paraptosis, may represent clinically relevant novel therapeutic opportunities. This systematic review summarizes the recently described forms of cell death in OSCC, highlighting their potential for informing diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Original studies that explored any of the selected cell deaths in OSCC were included. Electronic search, study selection, data collection and risk of bias assessment tools were realized. The literature search was carried out in four databases, and the extracted data from 79 articles were categorized and grouped by type of cell death. Ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis represented the main forms of cell death in the selected studies, with links to cancer immunity and inflammatory responses, progression and prognosis of OSCC. Harnessing the potential of these pathways may be useful in patient-specific prognosis and individualized therapy. We provide perspectives on how these different cell death types can be integrated to develop decision tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Oliveira Siquara da Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
| | - Everton Freitas de Morais
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology and Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilianny Querino Rocha de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology and Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Vollono Barbosa
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Clarissa A Gurgel Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
- Department of Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-909, BA, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology and Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, SP, Brazil
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Siquara da Rocha LDO, Souza BSDF, Coletta RD, Lambert DW, Gurgel Rocha CA. Mapping Cell-in-Cell Structures in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2418. [PMID: 37830632 PMCID: PMC10572403 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-in-cell (CIC) structures contribute to tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In vitro 3D models may contribute to the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of these events. We employed a spheroid model to study the CIC structures in OSCC. Spheroids were obtained from OSCC (HSC3) and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) lines using the Nanoshuttle-PLTM bioprinting system (Greiner Bio-One). Spheroid form, size, and reproducibility were evaluated over time (EvosTM XL; ImageJ version 1.8). Slides were assembled, stained (hematoxylin and eosin), and scanned (Axio Imager Z2/VSLIDE) using the OlyVIA System (Olympus Life Science) and ImageJ software (NIH) for cellular morphology and tumor zone formation (hypoxia and/or proliferative zones) analysis. CIC occurrence, complexity, and morphology were assessed considering the spheroid regions. Well-formed spheroids were observed within 6 h of incubation, showing the morphological aspects of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxic (core) and proliferative zone (periphery) formation. CIC structures were found in both homotypic and heterotypic groups, predominantly in the proliferative zone of the mixed HSC3/CAF spheroids. "Complex cannibalism" events were also noted. These results showcase the potential of this model in further studies on CIC morphology, formation, and relationship with tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Oliveira Siquara da Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (L.d.O.S.d.R.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (L.d.O.S.d.R.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Clarissa A. Gurgel Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (L.d.O.S.d.R.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
- Department of Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, BA, Brazil
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Woodley JP, Lambert DW, Asencio IO. Reduced Fibroblast Activation on Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030348. [PMID: 36978739 PMCID: PMC10045272 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo, quiescent fibroblasts reside in three-dimensional connective tissues and are activated in response to tissue injury before proliferating rapidly and becoming migratory and contractile myofibroblasts. When deregulated, chronic activation drives fibrotic disease. Fibroblasts cultured on stiff 2D surfaces display a partially activated phenotype, whilst many 3D environments limit fibroblast activation. Cell mechanotransduction, spreading, polarity, and integrin expression are controlled by material mechanical properties and micro-architecture. Between 3D culture systems, these features are highly variable, and the challenge of controlling individual properties without altering others has led to an inconsistent picture of fibroblast behaviour. Electrospinning offers greater control of mechanical properties and microarchitecture making it a valuable model to study fibroblast activation behaviour in vitro. Here, we present a comprehensive characterisation of the activation traits of human oral fibroblasts grown on a microfibrous scaffold composed of electrospun polycaprolactone. After over 7 days in the culture, we observed a reduction in proliferation rates compared to cells cultured in 2D, with low KI67 expression and no evidence of cellular senescence. A-SMA mRNA levels fell, and the expression of ECM protein-coding genes also decreased. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds, therefore, represent a tuneable platform to investigate the mechanisms of fibroblast activation and their roles in fibrotic disease.
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Morchio M, Sher E, Collier DA, Lambert DW, Boissonade FM. The Role of miRNAs in Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030775. [PMID: 36979754 PMCID: PMC10045079 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition affecting around 8% of the adult population in the UK. The pathophysiology is complex and involves a wide range of processes, including alteration of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, dysregulated intracellular signalling and activation of pro-inflammatory immune and glial cells. In the past 15 years, multiple miRNAs–small non-coding RNA–have emerged as regulators of neuropathic pain development. They act by binding to target mRNAs and preventing the translation into proteins. Due to their short sequence (around 22 nucleotides in length), they can have hundreds of targets and regulate several pathways. Several studies on animal models have highlighted numerous miRNAs that play a role in neuropathic pain development at various stages of the nociceptive pathways, including neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, intracellular signalling and communication with non-neuronal cells. Studies on animal models do not always translate in the clinic; fewer studies on miRNAs have been performed involving human subjects with neuropathic pain, with differing results depending on the specific aetiology underlying neuropathic pain. Further studies using human tissue and liquid samples (serum, plasma, saliva) will help highlight miRNAs that are relevant to neuropathic pain diagnosis or treatment, as biomarkers or potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Morchio
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Emanuele Sher
- UK Neuroscience Hub, Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell RG12 1PU, UK
| | - David A. Collier
- UK Neuroscience Hub, Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell RG12 1PU, UK
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Fiona M. Boissonade
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Correspondence:
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Gains AF, Lambert DW, Stafford GP. Identification of a Czc-like operon of the periodontal pathobiont P. gingivalis involved in metal ion efflux. Anaerobe 2023; 80:102696. [PMID: 36642290 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the role of the PGN2012 gene of the periodontitis contributing pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis. PGN2012 is a homolgue of TolC and is a gene our group previously showed was overexpressed in hyperinvasive cells. METHODS The study used a combination of bioinformatics, knockout mutagenesis, growth experiments, biofilm assays and human cell invation assays to investigate PGN2012 function. RESULTS Bioinformatics identified that PGN2012 is part of one of four TolC containing gene loci in P. gingivalis that we predicted may encode a metal resistance RND family tripartite pump, similar to those present in other Gram-negative bacteria, but which are not well understood in anaerobic bacteria. A ΔPGN2012 deletion displayed slightly reduced growth in liquid culture but did not effect biofilm formation or human cell invasion. When metal ions were included in the medium the mutant displayed significantly increased sensitivity to the divalent metal ions Zn2+ (500 μM), Co2+ (2 mM), and Cd2+(0.1 mM) but not Cu2+. CONCLUSIONS We propose to rename the PGN2012-2014 genes czcCBA, which we suggest plays a role in intracellular stress resistance where zinc is often employed by host cells in antibacterial defence with implications for chronic infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Gains
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - D W Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - G P Stafford
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
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Kato K, Miyazawa H, Kawashiri S, Lambert DW. Tumour: Fibroblast Interactions Promote Invadopodia-Mediated Migration and Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Oncol 2022; 2022:5277440. [PMID: 36471888 PMCID: PMC9719419 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5277440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the progression of cancer, interactions between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles. Cancer cell invasion is facilitated by filamentous actin (F-actin)-rich membrane protrusions called invadopodia, and the relationship between CAFs and invadopodia has been unclear. We used oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to investigate CAFs' effects on the formation of invadopodia, and we assessed the expressions of invadopodia markers and CAF markers ex vivo and their relationship with clinical parameters and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effect of culture with normal oral fibroblast (NOF)-derived and CAF-derived conditioned medium on the migration and invasion of two OSCC-derived cell lines using Transwells in the absence/presence of Matrigel. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry were conducted to assess the expressions of the invadopodia markers tyrosine kinase substrate 5 (Tks5) and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). We also used immunohistochemistry to examine patients with OSCC for an evaluation of the relationship between the CAF marker alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and the expression of Tks5. The patients' survival was also assessed. RESULTS Compared to the use of culture medium alone, NOF-CM and CAF-CM both significantly increased the OSCC cells' migration and invasion (p < 0.05), and they significantly increased the expressions of both Tks5 and MT1-MMP. After the depletion of Tks5, the OSCC cells' migration and invasion abilities decreased. The expression of Tks5 and that of αSMA were correlated with poor survival, and a high expression of both markers was associated with an especially poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the formation of invadopodia is (i) important for OSCC cells' migration and invasion and (ii) regulated by the interaction of OSCC cells and stromal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koroku Kato
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyazawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kawashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
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7
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Siquara da Rocha LDO, Souza BSDF, Lambert DW, Gurgel Rocha CDA. Cell-in-Cell Events in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:931092. [PMID: 35847959 PMCID: PMC9280122 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.931092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, cells within other cells have been detected by pathologists as common histopathological findings in tumors, being generally identified as “cell-in-cell” structures. Despite their characteristic morphology, these structures can originate from various processes, such as cannibalism, entosis and emperipolesis. However, only in the last few decades has more attention been given to these events due to their importance in tumor development. In cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, cell-in-cell events have been linked to aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. This review aims to summarize relevant information about the occurrence of various cell-in-cell phenomena in the context of oral squamous cell carcinoma, addressing their causes and consequences in cancer. The lack of a standard terminology in diagnosing these events makes it difficult to classify the existing cases and to map the behavior and impacts of these structures. Despite being frequently reported in oral squamous cell carcinoma and other cancers, their impacts on carcinogenesis aren’t fully understood. Cell-in-cell formation is seen as a survival mechanism in the face of a lack of nutritional availability, an acid microenvironment and potential harm from immune cell defense. In this deadly form of competition, cells that engulf other cells establish themselves as winners, taking over as the predominant and more malignant cell population. Understanding the link between these structures and more aggressive behavior in oral squamous cell carcinoma is of paramount importance for their incorporation as part of a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Oliveira Siquara da Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Clarissa de Araújo Gurgel Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Propedeutics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Clarissa de Araújo Gurgel Rocha,
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van Niel G, Carter DRF, Clayton A, Lambert DW, Raposo G, Vader P. Challenges and directions in studying cell-cell communication by extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:369-382. [PMID: 35260831 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication. They have important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes, and show considerable promise as novel biomarkers of disease, as therapeutic agents and as drug delivery vehicles. Intriguingly, however, understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the many observed functions of EVs remains far from comprehensive, at least partly due to technical challenges in working with these small messengers. Here, we highlight areas of consensus as well as contentious issues in our understanding of the intracellular and intercellular journey of EVs: from biogenesis, release and dynamics in the extracellular space, to interaction with and uptake by recipient cells. We define knowledge gaps, identify key questions and challenges, and make recommendations on how to address these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume van Niel
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France. .,GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France.
| | - David R F Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Healthy Lifespan Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Pieter Vader
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Hunter KD, Lambert DW, Coletta RD. Editorial: The Translational and Therapeutic Potential of the Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Cancer. Front Oral Health 2022; 2:763731. [PMID: 35048064 PMCID: PMC8757758 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.763731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Hunter
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Niklander SE, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. Senescent Cells in Cancer: Wanted or Unwanted Citizens. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123315. [PMID: 34943822 PMCID: PMC8699088 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, the field of cellular senescence has attracted considerable attention due to its association with aging, the development of age-related diseases and cancer. Senescent cells are unable to proliferate, as the pathways responsible for initiating the cell cycle are irreversibly inhibited. Nevertheless, senescent cells accumulate in tissues and develop a pro-inflammatory secretome, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can have serious deleterious effects if not properly regulated. There is increasing evidence suggesting senescent cells contribute to different stages of carcinogenesis in different anatomical sites, mainly due to the paracrine effects of the SASP. Thus, a new therapeutic field, known as senotherapeutics, has developed. In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the senescence response and its relationship with cancer development, focusing on the link between senescence-related inflammation and cancer. We will also discuss different approaches to target senescent cells that might be of use for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven E. Niklander
- Unidad de Patologia y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-(32)2845108
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.W.L.); (K.D.H.)
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.W.L.); (K.D.H.)
- Oral Biology and Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Zainal Abidin SAI, Paterson IC, Hunt S, Lambert DW, Higginbotham S, Pink RC. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation is associated with changes in cellular and extracellular vesicle miRNA abundance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256812. [PMID: 34762649 PMCID: PMC8584782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), a pro-fibrotic tumour-derived factor promotes fibroblast differentiation in the tumour microenvironment and is thought to contribute to the development of pro-tumourigenic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) by promoting myofibroblast differentiation. miRNA dysregulation has been demonstrated in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and CAF activation, however, their expression varies among cell types and with the method of fibroblast induction. Here, the expression profile of miRNA in human primary oral fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1, to derive a myofibroblastic, CAF-like phenotype, was determined compared to untreated fibroblasts. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation was determined by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin-1 extra domain A (FN-EDA1) using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The formation of stress fibres was assessed by fluorescence microscopy, and associated changes in contractility were assessed using collagen contraction assays. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were purified by using size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation and their size and concentration were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. miRNA expression profiling in oral fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1 and their extracellular vesicles was carried out using tiling low-density array cards. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used to perform functional and pathway enrichment analysis of target genes. In this study, TGF-β1 induced a myofibroblastic phenotype in normal oral fibroblasts as assessed by expression of molecular markers, the formation of stress fibres and increased contractility. TaqMan Low-Density Array (TLDA) analysis demonstrated that miR-503 and miR-708 were significantly upregulated, while miR-1276 was significantly downregulated in TGF-β1-treated oral fibroblasts (henceforth termed experimentally-derived CAF, eCAF). The gene functional enrichment analysis showed that the candidate miRNAs have the potential to modulate various pathways; including the Ras associated protein 1 (Rap1), PI3K-Akt, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling pathways. In addition, altered levels of several miRNAs were detected in eCAF EV, including miR-142 and miR-222. No differences in size or abundance of EV were detected between eCAF and normal oral fibroblast (NOF). Little overlap was observed between changes in cellular and EV miRNA profiles, suggesting the possibility of selective loading of EV miRNA. The study reveals miRNA expression signature could be involved in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and the miRNA cargo of their EV, providing novel insight into the involvement of miRNA in CAF development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Amalina Inche Zainal Abidin
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ian Charles Paterson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stuart Hunt
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Higginbotham
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Traditional monolayer culture fails to fully recapitulate the in vivo environment of connective tissue cells such as the fibroblast. When cultured on stiff two-dimensional (2D) plastic, fibroblasts become highly proliferative forming broad lamellipodia and stress fibers. Conversely, in different three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, fibroblasts have displayed a diverse array of features; from an "activated" phenotype like that observed in 2D cultures and by myofibroblasts, to a quiescent state that likely better represents in vivo fibroblasts at rest. Today, a plethora of microfabrication techniques have made 3D culture commonplace, for both tissue engineering purposes and in the study of basic biological interactions. However, establishing the in vivo mimetic credentials of different biomimetic materials is not always straightforward, particularly in the context of fibroblast responses. Fibroblast behavior is governed by the complex interplay of biological features such as integrin binding sites, material mechanical properties that influence cellular mechanotransduction, and microarchitectural features like pore and fiber size, as well as chemical cues. Furthermore, fibroblasts are a heterogeneous group of cells with specific phenotypic traits dependent on their tissue of origin. These features have made understanding the influence of biomaterials on fibroblast behavior a challenging task. In this study, we present a review of the strategies used to investigate fibroblast behavior with a focus on the material properties that influence fibroblast activation, a process that becomes pathological in fibrotic diseases and certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe P Woodley
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Integrated Bioscience Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ilida Ortega Asencio
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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13
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Niklander S, Bandaru D, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. AGING AND ORAL CANCER DEVELOPMENT. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Dos Santos ES, Wagner VP, Cabral Ramos J, Lambert DW, Castilho RM, Paes Leme AF. Epigenetic modulation of the tumor microenvironment in head and neck cancer: Challenges and opportunities. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 164:103397. [PMID: 34146679 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is globally challenging due to the resistance to therapy and aggressive behavior leading to high rates of mortality. Recent findings show that the tumor microenvironment plays a role in the maintenance and progression of many solid tumors, including head and neck cancer. The mechanisms involved in the modulation and regulation of the tumor microenvironment remain poorly understood. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic events can modulate the crosstalk between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells during tumor progression. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the involvement of epigenetic events in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and its impact on head and neck cancer behavior. We also explore the latest therapeutic strategies that use epigenetic-modulating drugs to manage tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- The University of Sheffield Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health, 152607, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Joab Cabral Ramos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- The University of Sheffield Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health, 152607, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry. Ann Arbor, 48109-1078, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- The Brazilian Bioscience National Laboratory, Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
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15
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Niklander SE, Crane HL, Darda L, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. The role of icIL-1RA in keratinocyte senescence and development of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.252080. [PMID: 33526711 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that senescent cells, through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), can promote malignant transformation and invasion. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key mediator of this cytokine network, but the control of its activity in the senescence programme has not been elucidated. IL-1 signalling is regulated by IL-1RA, which has four variants. Here, we show that expression of intracellular IL-1RA type 1 (icIL-1RA1), which competitively inhibits binding of IL-1 to its receptor, is progressively lost during oral carcinogenesis ex vivo and that the pattern of expression is associated with keratinocyte replicative fate in vitro We demonstrate that icIL-1RA1 is an important regulator of the SASP in mortal cells, as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated icIL-1RA1 knockdown in normal and mortal dysplastic oral keratinocytes is followed by increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, and rapid senescence following release from RhoA-activated kinase inhibition. Thus, we suggest that downregulation of icIL-1RA1 in early stages of the carcinogenesis process can enable the development of a premature and deregulated SASP, creating a pro-inflammatory state in which cancer is more likely to arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven E Niklander
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.,Departamento de Cirugia y Patologia Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, 2520000 Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Hannah L Crane
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Lav Darda
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK .,Oral Biology and Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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16
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Niklander S, Bandaru D, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. ROCK inhibition modulates the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in oral keratinocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2740-2749. [PMID: 33095981 PMCID: PMC7714064 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in different organs and develop a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), associated with the development of age‐related pathologies. The constitution of the SASP varies among cell types and with the method of senescence induction; nevertheless, there is substantial overlap among SASPs, especially the presence of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐1α, IL‐6 and IL‐8. These cytokines are highly conserved among SASPs and are implicated in the development of several cancers. Here, we report that ROCK inhibition by Y‐27632 reduces levels of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 secreted by senescent normal and dysplastic oral keratinocytes without affecting the permanent cell growth arrest. The data indicate some inflammatory genes downregulated by Y‐27632 remain downregulated even after repeated passage in the absence of Y‐27632. We propose ROCK kinase inhibition as a novel alternative to current strategies to modulate the inflammatory components of the SASP, without compromising the permanent cell growth arrest. This observation potentially has wide clinical applications, given the involvement of senescence in cancer and a wide range of age‐related disease. It also suggests care should be exercised when using Y‐27632 to facilitate cell expansion of primary cells, as its effects on gene expression are not entirely reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Niklander
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Departamento de Cirugia y Patologia Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Deepti Bandaru
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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17
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Alqurashi H, Ortega Asencio I, Lambert DW. The Emerging Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Cell-Free Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2020; 27:530-538. [PMID: 33126845 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (Evs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by all cell types that mediate cell-cell communication via their protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid (RNA, DNA) cargo. EVs are involved in a multitude of physiological processes, including development, cell differentiation, and angiogenesis, and have been implicated in tissue repair. Thus, they have been suggested to offer opportunities for the development of novel cell-free tissue engineering (TE) approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of current understanding and emerging applications of EVs in TE and address opportunities and challenges for clinical translation. In addition, we discuss systemic and local routes of delivery of EVs and the advantages and disadvantages of different biomaterials in providing a substrate for the sustained release of EVs in vivo. Impact statement Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale, membrane-bound vesicles released by most, if not all, cells in the body. They are implicated in a wide range of physiological processes and diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration, and hold huge potential as mediators of tissue regeneration. This has led to an explosion of interest in using EVs in a variety of tissue engineering applications. In this review, we provide an overview of current progress in the field and highlight the opportunities and challenges of harnessing the potential of EVs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Alqurashi
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Alhassa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilida Ortega Asencio
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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18
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Kelwaip RA, Fose S, Siddiqui MS, Molumi CP, Apaio LM, Conway DI, Johnson NW, Thomas SJ, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. Oral cancer in Papua New Guinea: looking back and looking forward. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:292-297. [PMID: 32665206 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, including cancers, affect 3.5 billion people globally and remain largely untreated in low- to middle-income countries because of lack of resources. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), oral cancer has, for many decades, been identified as the most common cancer in men, but as the GLOBOCAN 2018 data are estimates extrapolated from surrounding countries, the real prevalence of this disease is not known. The PNG National Health Plan (2011-2020) highlights the need to improve health care, but oral health is not identified as a priority. Alcohol, tobacco, and areca nut/betel quid, which are the social and commercial determinants of oral cancer, are common risk factors, and there are robust data linking these risk factors to oral cancer in PNG. Our recent Global Challenges Research Fund Workshop on Oral Cancer, held in Port Moresby, PNG, brought together a number of researchers in oral cancer epidemiology and translational science with clinicians from PNG to assess the current situation and plan ways to move forward. In this article, we will review the literature on oral cancer in PNG, and make suggestions as to how, collaboratively, we can address the issues identified, ultimately, for the benefit of the people of PNG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth Fose
- National Department of Health, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; Port Moresby General Hospital, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | | | | | | | - David I Conway
- Glasgow Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland & School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Australia and Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steve J Thomas
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Keith D Hunter
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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19
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Al-Magsoosi MJN, Lambert DW, Ali Khurram S, Whawell SA. Oral cancer stem cells drive tumourigenesis through activation of stromal fibroblasts. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1383-1393. [PMID: 32593227 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells are responsible for tumour progression and chemoresistance. Fibroblasts surrounding a tumour also promote progression and fibroblast "activation" is an independent prognostic marker in oral cancer. Cancer stem cells may therefore promote tumourigenesis through communication with stromal fibroblasts. METHODS Cancer stem cells were isolated from oral cancer cell lines by adherence to fibronectin or cisplatin resistance. Fibroblasts were exposed to conditioned medium from these cells, and the activation markers, alpha smooth muscle actin and interleukin-6, were assessed using qPCR and immunofluorescence. Stem cell markers and smooth muscle actin were examined in oral cancer tissue using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Adherent and chemoresistant cells expressed increased levels of stem cell markers CD24, CD44 and CD29 compared with unsorted cells. Adherent cells exhibited lower growth rate, higher colony forming efficiency and increased cisplatin resistance than unsorted cells. Smooth muscle actin and Interleukin-6 expression were increased in fibroblasts exposed to conditioned medium. In oral cancer tissue, there was a positive correlation between expression of αSMA and stem cell markers. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to fibronectin and chemoresistance isolates stem-like cells that can activate fibroblasts, which together with a correlation between markers of both in vivo, provides a mechanism by which such cells drive tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Syed Ali Khurram
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon A Whawell
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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20
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Tavares-Ferreira D, Lawless N, Bird EV, Atkins S, Collier D, Sher E, Malki K, Lambert DW, Boissonade FM. Correlation of miRNA expression with intensity of neuropathic pain in man. Mol Pain 2020; 15:1744806919860323. [PMID: 31218919 PMCID: PMC6620726 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919860323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve injury causes changes in expression of multiple receptors and mediators that participate in pain processing. We investigated the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) – a class of post-transcriptional regulators involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes – and their potential role in the development or maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain following lingual nerve injury in human and rat. Methods We profiled miRNA expression in Sprague-Dawley rat and human lingual nerve neuromas using TaqMan® low-density array cards. Expression of miRNAs of interest was validated via specific probes and correlated with nerve injury-related behavioural change in rat (time spent drinking) and clinical pain (visual analogue scale (VAS) score). Target prediction was performed using publicly available algorithms; gene enrichment and pathway analysis were conducted with MetaCore. Networks of miRNAs and putative target genes were created with Cytoscape; interaction of miRNAs and target genomes in rat and human was displayed graphically using CircosPlot. Results rno-miR-138 was upregulated in lingual nerve of injured rats versus sham controls. rno-miR-138 and rno-miR-667 expression correlated with behavioural change at day 3 post-injury (with negative (rno-miR-138) and positive (rno-miR-667) correlations between expression and time spent drinking). In human, hsa-miR-29a was downregulated in lingual nerve neuromas of patients with higher pain VAS scores (painful group) versus patients with lower pain VAS scores (non-painful). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between expression of both hsa-miR-29a and hsa-miR-500a, and pain VAS score. Conclusions Our results show that following lingual nerve injury, there are highly significant correlations between abundance of specific miRNAs, altered behaviour and pain scores. This study provides the first demonstration of correlations between human miRNA levels and VAS scores for neuropathic pain and suggests a potential contribution of specific miRNAs to the development of chronic pain following lingual nerve injury. Putative targets for candidate miRNAs include genes related to interleukin and chemokine receptors and potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Lawless
- 2 Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company, Surrey, UK
| | - Emma V Bird
- 1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon Atkins
- 1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - David Collier
- 2 Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company, Surrey, UK
| | - Emanuele Sher
- 2 Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company, Surrey, UK
| | - Karim Malki
- 2 Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company, Surrey, UK
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21
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Walters K, Sarsenov R, Too WS, Hare RK, Paterson IC, Lambert DW, Brown S, Bradford JR. Comprehensive functional profiling of long non-coding RNAs through a novel pan-cancer integration approach and modular analysis of their protein-coding gene association networks. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:454. [PMID: 31159744 PMCID: PMC6547491 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators of cellular processes in diseases such as cancer, although the functions of most remain poorly understood. To address this, here we apply a novel strategy to integrate gene expression profiles across 32 cancer types, and cluster human lncRNAs based on their pan-cancer protein-coding gene associations. By doing so, we derive 16 lncRNA modules whose unique properties allow simultaneous inference of function, disease specificity and regulation for over 800 lncRNAs. Results Remarkably, modules could be grouped into just four functional themes: transcription regulation, immunological, extracellular, and neurological, with module generation frequently driven by lncRNA tissue specificity. Notably, three modules associated with the extracellular matrix represented potential networks of lncRNAs regulating key events in tumour progression. These included a tumour-specific signature of 33 lncRNAs that may play a role in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through modulation of TGFβ signalling, and two stromal-specific modules comprising 26 lncRNAs linked to a tumour suppressive microenvironment and 12 lncRNAs related to cancer-associated fibroblasts. One member of the 12-lncRNA signature was experimentally supported by siRNA knockdown, which resulted in attenuated differentiation of quiescent fibroblasts to a cancer-associated phenotype. Conclusions Overall, the study provides a unique pan-cancer perspective on the lncRNA functional landscape, acting as a global source of novel hypotheses on lncRNA contribution to tumour progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5850-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Walters
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Radmir Sarsenov
- Sheffield RNAi Screening Facility (SRSF), Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Wen Siong Too
- Sheffield RNAi Screening Facility (SRSF), Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Roseanna K Hare
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Stephen Brown
- Sheffield RNAi Screening Facility (SRSF), Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - James R Bradford
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK. .,Almac Diagnostic Services, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK.
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22
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Pilborough AE, Lambert DW, Khurram SA. Extranodal extension in oral cancer: A role for the nodal microenvironment? J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:863-870. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Pilborough
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Syed A. Khurram
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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23
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Melling GE, Flannery SE, Abidin SA, Clemmens H, Prajapati P, Hinsley EE, Hunt S, Catto JWF, Coletta RD, Mellone M, Thomas GJ, Parkinson EK, Prime SS, Paterson IC, Buttle DJ, Lambert DW. A miRNA-145/TGF-β1 negative feedback loop regulates the cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:798-807. [PMID: 29506142 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of cancer cells to local and distant sites depends on a complex and poorly understood interplay between malignant cells and the cellular and non-cellular components surrounding them, collectively termed the tumour microenvironment. One of the most abundant cell types of the tumour microenvironment is the fibroblast, which becomes corrupted by locally derived cues such as TGF-β1 and acquires an altered, heterogeneous phenotype (cancer-associated fibroblasts, CAF) supportive of tumour cell invasion and metastasis. Efforts to develop new treatments targeting the tumour mesenchyme are hampered by a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of CAF. Here, we examine the contribution of microRNA to the development of experimentally-derived CAF and correlate this with changes observed in CAF derived from tumours. Exposure of primary normal human fibroblasts to TGF-β1 resulted in the acquisition of a myofibroblastic CAF-like phenotype. This was associated with increased expression of miR-145, a miRNA predicted in silico to target multiple components of the TGF-β signalling pathway. miR-145 was also overexpressed in CAF derived from oral cancers. Overexpression of miR-145 blocked TGF-β1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation and reverted CAF towards a normal fibroblast phenotype. We conclude that miR-145 is a key regulator of the CAF phenotype, acting in a negative feedback loop to dampen acquisition of myofibroblastic traits, a key feature of CAF associated with poor disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E Flannery
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - Siti A Abidin
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah Clemmens
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Emma E Hinsley
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stuart Hunt
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
| | - James W F Catto
- Unit of Academic Urology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Massimiliano Mellone
- Faculty of Medicine Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton University, Somers Building, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Faculty of Medicine Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton University, Somers Building, Southampton, UK
| | - E Ken Parkinson
- Centre for Clinical & Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stephen S Prime
- Centre for Clinical & Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - David J Buttle
- Department of Infection and Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Bolt R, Foran B, Murdoch C, Lambert DW, Thomas S, Hunter KD. HPV-negative, but not HPV-positive, oropharyngeal carcinomas induce fibroblasts to support tumour invasion through micro-environmental release of HGF and IL-6. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:170-179. [PMID: 29140428 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is causally related to a subset of oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPC) and is linked to a more favourable prognosis compared to HPV-negative OPC. The mechanisms underlying this effect on prognosis are not fully understood, but interactions with the tumour microenvironment may be pivotal. Here, we investigated the role of the tumour microenvironment in HPV-positive compared to HPV-negative cancer using 2D and 3D modelling of OPC interactions with stromal fibroblasts. HPV-negative, but not HPV-positive, OPC-derived cell lines induced a rapid fibroblast secretory response that supported 2D cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Array profiling of this HPV-negative induced fibroblast secretome identified hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as the principal secreted factor that promoted cancer cell migration. The interaction between HPV-negative cell lines and fibroblasts in 2D was prevented using c-Met (HGF receptor) inhibitors, which further restricted both HPV-negative and positive cell invasion in 3D co-culture models. Furthermore, we discovered a synergistic relationship between HGF and IL-6 in the support of migration that relates JAK activation to HGF responsiveness in HPV-negative lines. In summary, our data show significant differences in the interactions between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPC cells and stromal fibroblasts. In addition, we, provide in vitro evidence to support the clinical application of c-MET inhibitors in the control of early HPV-negative OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bolt
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Bernadette Foran
- Department of Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Sally Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Keith D Hunter
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
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25
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Platais C, Radhakrishnan R, Ebensberger SN, Morgan R, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. Targeting HOX-PBX interactions causes death in oral potentially malignant and squamous carcinoma cells but not normal oral keratinocytes. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:723. [PMID: 29980182 PMCID: PMC6035449 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High HOX gene expression has been described in many cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma and the functional roles of these genes are gradually being understood. The pattern of overexpression suggests that inhibition may be useful therapeutically. Inhibition of HOX protein binding to PBX cofactors by the use of synthetic peptides, such as HXR9, results in apoptosis in multiple cancers. METHODS Activity of the HOX-PBX inhibiting peptide HXR9 was tested in immortalised normal oral (NOK), potentially-malignant (PMOL) and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, compared to the inactive peptide CXR9. Cytotoxicity was assessed by LDH assay. Expression of PBX1/2 and c-Fos was assessed by qPCR and western blotting. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin-V assay. RESULTS PMOL and OSCC cells expressed PBX1/2. HOX-PBX inhibition by HXR9 caused death of PMOL and OSCC cells, but not NOKs. HXR9 treatment resulted in apoptosis and increased expression of c-Fos in some cells, whereas CXR9 did not. A correlation was observed between HOX expression and resistance to HXR9. CONCLUSION Inhibition of HOX-PBX interactions causes selective apoptosis of OSCC/PMOL, indicating selective toxicity that may be useful clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Platais
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sven Niklander Ebensberger
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, av. Valparaiso, 1560 Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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26
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Melling GE, Flannery SE, Abidin SA, Clemmens H, Prajapati P, Hinsley EE, Hunt S, Catto JWF, Coletta RD, Mellone M, Thomas GJ, Parkinson EK, Prime SS, Paterson IC, Buttle DJ, Lambert DW. Corrigendum: A miRNA-145/TGF-β1 negative feedback loop regulates the cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1094. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Carter DRF, Clayton A, Devitt A, Hunt S, Lambert DW. Extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0475. [PMID: 29158307 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Tenovus Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew Devitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Stuart Hunt
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK .,Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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28
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Kabir TD, Leigh RJ, Tasena H, Mellone M, Coletta RD, Parkinson EK, Prime SS, Thomas GJ, Paterson IC, Zhou D, McCall J, Speight PM, Lambert DW. A miR-335/COX-2/PTEN axis regulates the secretory phenotype of senescent cancer-associated fibroblasts. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1608-35. [PMID: 27385366 PMCID: PMC5032686 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) develop a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that is believed to contribute to cancer progression. The mechanisms underlying SASP development are, however, poorly understood. Here we examined the functional role of microRNA in the development of the SASP in normal fibroblasts and CAF. We identified a microRNA, miR-335, up-regulated in the senescent normal fibroblasts and CAF and able to modulate the secretion of SASP factors and induce cancer cell motility in co-cultures, at least in part by suppressing the expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN). Additionally, elevated levels of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (PTGS2; COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion were observed in senescent fibroblasts, and inhibition of COX-2 by celecoxib reduced the expression of miR-335, restored PTEN expression and decreased the pro-tumourigenic effects of the SASP. Collectively these data demonstrate the existence of a novel miRNA/PTEN-regulated pathway modulating the inflammasome in senescent fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnuva D Kabir
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin Medical School, Dunedin, University of Otago, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ross J Leigh
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Hataitip Tasena
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Massimiliano Mellone
- Faculty of Medicine Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton University, Somers Building, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Eric K Parkinson
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Stephen S Prime
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Faculty of Medicine Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton University, Somers Building, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Donghui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - John McCall
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin Medical School, Dunedin, University of Otago, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Paul M Speight
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
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Dourado MR, Guerra ENS, Salo T, Lambert DW, Coletta RD. Prognostic value of the immunohistochemical detection of cancer-associated fibroblasts in oral cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 47:443-453. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Rocha Dourado
- Department of Oral Diagnosis; School of Dentistry; University of Campinas; Piracicaba-SP Brazil
- Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Medical Research Center Oulu; Oulu University Hospital; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Eliete N. S. Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology; Health Sciences Faculty; University of Brasília; Brasília Brazil
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis; School of Dentistry; University of Campinas; Piracicaba-SP Brazil
- Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Medical Research Center Oulu; Oulu University Hospital; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease; HUSLAB; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences; School of Clinical Dentistry and Sheffield Cancer Centre; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis; School of Dentistry; University of Campinas; Piracicaba-SP Brazil
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30
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Rodrigues PC, Sawazaki-Calone I, Ervolino de Oliveira C, Soares Macedo CC, Dourado MR, Cervigne NK, Miguel MC, Ferreira do Carmo A, Lambert DW, Graner E, Daniela da Silva S, Alaoui-Jamali MA, Paes Leme AF, Salo TA, Coletta RD. Fascin promotes migration and invasion and is a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74736-74754. [PMID: 29088820 PMCID: PMC5650375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) prognosis is related to clinical stage and histological grade. However, this stratification needs to be refined. We conducted a comparative proteome study in microdissected samples from normal oral mucosa and OSCC to identify biomarkers for malignancy. Fascin and plectin were identified as differently expressed and both are implicated in several malignancies, but the clinical impacts of aberrant fascin and plectin expression in OSCCs remains largely unknown. Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR were carried out in ex vivo OSCC samples and cell lines. A loss-of-function strategy using shRNA targeting fascin was employed to investigate in vitro and in vivo the fascin role on oral tumorigenesis. Transfections of microRNA mimics were performed to determine whether the fascin overexpression is regulated by miR-138 and miR-145. We found that fascin and plectin are frequently upregulated in OSCC samples and cell lines, but only fascin overexpression is an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator of disease-specific survival. In combination with advanced T stage, high fascin level is also an independent factor of disease-free survival. Knockdown of fascin in OSCC cells promoted cell adhesion and inhibited migration, invasion and EMT, and forced expression of miR-138 in OSCC cells significantly decreased the expression of fascin. In addition, fascin downregulation leads to reduced filopodia formation and decrease on paxillin expression. The subcutaneous xenograft model showed that tumors formed in the presence of low levels of fascin were significantly smaller compared to those formed with high fascin levels. Collectively, our findings suggest that fascin expression correlates with disease progression and may serve as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Campioni Rodrigues
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Iris Sawazaki-Calone
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Dentistry School, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mauricio Rocha Dourado
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nilva K Cervigne
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Current/Present address: Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai, Jundiai, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Costa Miguel
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Andreia Ferreira do Carmo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry and Sheffield Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Edgard Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Tuula A Salo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Institute of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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31
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Mellone M, Hanley CJ, Thirdborough S, Mellows T, Garcia E, Woo J, Tod J, Frampton S, Jenei V, Moutasim KA, Kabir TD, Brennan PA, Venturi G, Ford K, Herranz N, Lim KP, Clarke J, Lambert DW, Prime SS, Underwood TJ, Vijayanand P, Eliceiri KW, Woelk C, King EV, Gil J, Ottensmeier CH, Thomas GJ. Induction of fibroblast senescence generates a non-fibrogenic myofibroblast phenotype that differentially impacts on cancer prognosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 9:114-132. [PMID: 27992856 PMCID: PMC5310659 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) remain a poorly characterized, heterogeneous cell population. Here we characterized two previously described tumor-promoting CAF sub-types, smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive myofibroblasts and senescent fibroblasts, identifying a novel link between the two. Analysis of CAF cultured ex vivo, showed that senescent CAF are predominantly SMA-positive; this was confirmed by immunochemistry in head & neck (HNSCC) and esophageal (EAC) cancers. In vitro, we found that fibroblasts induced to senesce develop molecular, ultrastructural and contractile features typical of myofibroblasts and this is dependent on canonical TGF-β signaling. Similar to TGF-β1-generated myofibroblasts, these cells secrete soluble factors that promote tumor cell motility. However, RNA-sequencing revealed significant transcriptomic differences between the two SMA-positive CAF groups, particularly in genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and organization, which differentially promote tumor cell invasion. Notably, second harmonic generation imaging and bioinformatic analysis of SMA-positive human HNSCC and EAC showed that collagen fiber organization correlates with poor prognosis, indicating that heterogeneity within the SMA-positive CAF population differentially impacts on survival. These results show that non-fibrogenic, SMA-positive myofibroblasts can be directly generated through induction of fibroblast senescence and suggest that senescence and myofibroblast differentiation are closely linked processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Mellone
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Christopher J Hanley
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Steve Thirdborough
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Toby Mellows
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Edwin Garcia
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO166YD, UK
| | - Joanne Tod
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Steve Frampton
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Veronika Jenei
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Karwan A Moutasim
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Tasnuva D Kabir
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S102TA, UK
| | - Peter A Brennan
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth PO63LY, UK
| | - Giulia Venturi
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Kirsty Ford
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Nicolas Herranz
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12, UK
| | - Kue Peng Lim
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation. Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - James Clarke
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S102TA, UK
| | - Stephen S Prime
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E12AD, UK
| | - Timothy J Underwood
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | | | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Madison, Wisconsin, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christopher Woelk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO166YD, UK
| | - Emma V King
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
| | - Jesus Gil
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12, UK
| | | | - Gareth J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO166YD, UK
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32
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Yap LF, Lai SL, Patmanathan SN, Gokulan R, Robinson CM, White JB, Chai SJ, Rajadurai P, Prepageran N, Liew YT, Lopes V, Wei W, Hollows RJ, Murray PG, Lambert DW, Hunter KD, Paterson IC. HOPX functions as a tumour suppressor in head and neck cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38758. [PMID: 27934959 PMCID: PMC5146930 DOI: 10.1038/srep38758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is generalized term that encompasses a diverse group of cancers that includes tumours of the oral cavity (OSCC), oropharynx (OPSCC) and nasopharynx (NPC). Genetic alterations that are common to all HNSCC types are likely to be important for squamous carcinogenesis. In this study, we have investigated the role of the homeodomain-only homeobox gene, HOPX, in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. We show that HOPX mRNA levels are reduced in OSCC and NPC cell lines and tissues and there is a general reduction of HOPX protein expression in these tumours and OPSCCs. HOPX promoter methylation was observed in a subset of HNSCCs and was associated with a worse overall survival in HPV negative tumours. RNAseq analysis of OSCC cells transfected with HOPX revealed a widespread deregulation of the transcription of genes related to epithelial homeostasis and ectopic over-expression of HOPX in OSCC and NPC cells inhibited cell proliferation, plating efficiency and migration, and enhanced sensitivity to UVA-induced apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that HOPX functions as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC and suggest a central role for HOPX in suppressing epithelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Fah Yap
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Ling Lai
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sathya Narayanan Patmanathan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Gokulan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C. Max Robinson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Joe B. White
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, Unite Kingdom
| | - San Jiun Chai
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Narayanan Prepageran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yew Toong Liew
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Lopes
- Department of Oral surgery, Edinburgh Postgraduate Dental Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Hollows
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Murray
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, Unite Kingdom
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, Unite Kingdom
| | - Ian C. Paterson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nithiananthan S, Crawford A, Knock JC, Lambert DW, Whawell SA. Physiological Fluid Flow Moderates Fibroblast Responses to TGF-β1. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:878-890. [PMID: 27748539 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the major cellular component of connective tissue and experience mechanical perturbations due to matrix remodelling and interstitial fluid movement. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) can promote differentiation of fibroblasts in vitro to a contractile myofibroblastic phenotype characterised by the presence of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) rich stress fibres. To study the role of mechanical stimulation in this process, we examined the response of primary human fibroblasts to physiological levels of fluid movement and its influence on fibroblast differentiation and responses to TGF-β1. We reported that in both oral and dermal fibroblasts, physiological levels of fluid flow induced widespread changes in gene expression compared to static cultures, including up-regulation of genes associated with TGFβ signalling and endocytosis. TGF-β1, activin A and markers of myofibroblast differentiation including α-SMA and collagen IA1 were also increased by flow but surprisingly the combination of flow and exogenous TGF-β1 resulted in reduced differentiation. Our findings suggest this may result from enhanced internalisation of caveolin and TGF-β receptor II. These findings suggest that a) low levels of fluid flow induce myofibroblast differentiation and b) fluid flow antagonises the fibroblast response to pro-differentiation signals such as TGF-β1. We propose that this may be a novel mechanism by which mechanical forces buffer responses to chemical signals in vivo, maintaining a context-specific fibroblast phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 878-890, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhvi Nithiananthan
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Aileen Crawford
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Johnathan Cooper Knock
- Department of Neuroscience, Academic Neurology Unit, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon A Whawell
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Nithiananthan S, Crawford A, Lambert DW, Whawell S. Abstract B35: Modeling interstitial fluid movement in the tumor microenvironment: A role in fibroblast activation? Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tme16-b35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The tissue dynamics of a growing tumor differ from normal tissue, with increased matrix stiffness and mechanical pressure causing alterations in interstitial fluid movement in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This change in fluid flow is known to affect the ability of chemotherapeutic drugs to penetrate tumors, but the effect of flow on the phenotype of cells of the tumor microenvironment has not been studied. The predominant cell type of the TME, the fibroblast, is known to become activated to a pro-tumorigenic phenotype upon exposure to factors such as TGF-β1 released by cancer cells, immune cells and also by mechanical forces. The effect of fluid flow on the fibroblast phenotype, however, remains undetermined.
Objectives: We hypothesize that stromal fibroblasts are activated by interstitial fluid flow and thereby promote tumor growth. We aim to investigate this by studying the markers of fibroblast activation under mechanically relevant interstitial fluid flow conditions.
Methods: Normal oral (NOF) and dermal (NHDF) fibroblasts were plated on collagen coated Thermonox cover slips, transferred into Quasi-vivo bioreactors and subjected to flow (150 μl/min) for 24 h. Expression of fibroblast activation markers, α-SMA and collagen IA1, were assessed by qPCR and microarray gene expression analysis was performed using RNA harvested from the cells. α-SMA and phospho-SMAD3 protein expression was studied using immunofluorescence and western blot.
Results: Media flow altered gene expression in oral and skin fibroblasts, increasing expression of α-SMA by 5.2 fold (NHDF) and 2.6 fold (NOF) and collagen IA by 2.9 fold (NHDF) and 3.2 fold (NOF) when compared to cells in static culture. TGF-β1 stimulation in the presence of flow decreased expression of these markers, but increased them in static culture. In dermal fibroblasts, flow stimulated α-SMA protein expression and translocation of phosphorylated SMAD3 to the cell nucleus and enhanced the expression of caveolin-1 alpha, which regulates the TGF-β1 pathway. Dermal fibroblasts exposed to flow revealed significant variations in expression of 16348 genes that may regulate the TGF-β1 pathway.
Conclusion: Flow activates fibroblasts to a similar extent as TGF-β1 stimulated static cultures. Concurrent TGF-β1 treatment with flow, however, does not cause fibroblast activation. It is possible that TGF-β1 stimulation of fibroblasts under flow leads to caveolin-mediated endocytosis of the receptor or negative regulation of SMAD intracellular signaling pathways resulting in decreased expression of activation markers. Regardless of their origin (oral or dermal), fibroblasts respond to even modest flow conditions. Our findings suggest caution should be used when extrapolating findings from static models to in vivo conditions. It further prompts exploration of novel anti-tumor strategies that alter the physical properties of the tumor microenvironment.
Citation Format: Sadhvi Nithiananthan, Aileen Crawford, Daniel W. Lambert, Simon Whawell. Modeling interstitial fluid movement in the tumor microenvironment: A role in fibroblast activation? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr B35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhvi Nithiananthan
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Aileen Crawford
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Whawell
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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Prime SS, Cirillo N, Hassona Y, Lambert DW, Paterson IC, Mellone M, Thomas GJ, James ENL, Parkinson EK. Fibroblast activation and senescence in oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:82-88. [PMID: 27237745 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that the tumour stroma plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancers of epithelial origin. The pre-eminent cell type of the stroma is carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. These cells demonstrate remarkable heterogeneity with activation and senescence being common stress responses. In this review, we summarise the part that these cells play in cancer, particularly oral cancer, and present evidence to show that activation and senescence reflect a unified programme of fibroblast differentiation. We report advances concerning the senescent fibroblast metabolome, mechanisms of gene regulation in these cells and ways in which epithelial cell adhesion is dysregulated by the fibroblast secretome. We suggest that the identification of fibroblast stress responses may be a valuable diagnostic tool in the determination of tumour behaviour and patient outcome. Further, the fact that stromal fibroblasts are a genetically stable diploid cell population suggests that they may be ideal therapeutic targets and early work in this context is encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Prime
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - N Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School and Oral Health CRC, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Y Hassona
- Department of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - D W Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - I C Paterson
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Co-ordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Mellone
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E N L James
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - E K Parkinson
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Prajapati P, Lambert DW. Cancer-associated fibroblasts - Not-so-innocent bystanders in metastasis to bone? J Bone Oncol 2016; 5:128-131. [PMID: 27761373 PMCID: PMC5063218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Prajapati
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom
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Platais C, Hakami F, Darda L, Lambert DW, Morgan R, Hunter KD. The role of HOX genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:239-47. [PMID: 26661059 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the publication of numerous studies reporting alterations in the genome and transcriptome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Currently, the utilisation of these alterations as biomarkers and targets for therapy is limited and new, useful molecular characteristics are being sought. Many of the published HNSCC gene expression profiles demonstrate alterations in the expression of HOX genes. These are a family of Homeobox-containing genes which are involved in developmental patterning and morphogenesis in the embryo, and which are often aberrantly expressed in cancer. The 39 HOX genes found in the human genome are arranged in four paralogous groups at different chromosomal loci. These control a wide range of cellular processes, including proliferation and migration, which are relevant in the context of cancer development. In this review article, we will outline the biology of HOX genes in relation to cancer and summarise the accumulating evidence for their role in the development of HNSCC and the possibility that they could be a therapeutic target in this malignancy. We will also identify areas where our current understanding is weak to focus future work and appraise the ongoing strategies for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Platais
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fahad Hakami
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City-WR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lav Darda
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Bufalino A, Cervigne NK, de Oliveira CE, Fonseca FP, Rodrigues PC, Macedo CCS, Sobral LM, Miguel MC, Lopes MA, Leme AFP, Lambert DW, Salo TA, Kowalski LP, Graner E, Coletta RD. Low miR-143/miR-145 Cluster Levels Induce Activin A Overexpression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Which Contributes to Poor Prognosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136599. [PMID: 26317418 PMCID: PMC4552554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated expression of activin A is reported in several tumors, but its biological functions in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are unknown. Here, we investigate whether activin A can play a causal role in OSCCs. Activin A expression was assessed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry in OSCC tissues. Low activin A-expressing cells were treated with recombinant activin A and assessed for apoptosis, proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Those phenotypes were also evaluated in high activin A-expressing cells treated with follistatin (an activin A antagonist) or stably expressing shRNA targeting activin A. Transfections of microRNA mimics were performed to determine whether the overexpression of activin A is regulated by miR-143/miR-145 cluster. Activin A was overexpressed in OSCCs in comparison with normal oral mucosa, and high activin A levels were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation and poor survival. High activin A levels promoted multiple properties associated with malignant transformation, including decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT. Both miR-143 and miR-145 were markedly downregulated in OSCC cell lines and in clinical specimens, and inversely correlated to activin A levels. Forced expression of miR-143 and miR-145 in OSCC cells significantly decreased the expression of activin A. Overexpression of activin A in OSCCs, which is controlled by downregulation of miR-143/miR-145 cluster, regulates apoptosis, proliferation and invasiveness, and it is clinically correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Bufalino
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Nilva K. Cervigne
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lays Martin Sobral
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Costa Miguel
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Marcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry and Sheffield Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tuula A. Salo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry and Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu and Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Edgard Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Darda L, Hakami F, Morgan R, Murdoch C, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. The role of HOXB9 and miR-196a in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122285. [PMID: 25860510 PMCID: PMC4393232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated that a number of HOX genes, a family of transcription factors with key roles in early development, are up-regulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other cancers. The loci of several Homeobox (HOX) genes also contain microRNAs (miRs), including miR-196a. Methods Global miR expression and expression of all 39 HOX genes in normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs), oral pre-malignant (OPM) and HNSCC cells was assessed by expression microarray and qPCR and in tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qPCR of laser microdissected (LCM) tissues. Expression of miR196a and HOXB9 was reduced using anti-miR-196a and siRNA, respectively. Expression microarray profiles of anti-miR196a and pre-miR196a transfected cells were compared to parental cells in order to identify novel targets of miR-196a. Putative miR196a targets were validated by qPCR and were confirmed as binding to the 3’UTR of miR196a by a dual luciferase reporter assay combined with mutational analysis of the miR-196a binding site. Results miR-196a and HOXB9 are highly expressed in HNSCC compared to NOKs, a pattern also seen in HNSCC tissues by HOXB9 IHC and qPCR of miR-196a in LCM tissue. Knock-down of miR-196a expression decreased HNSCC cell migration, invasion and adhesion to fibronectin, but had no effect on proliferation. Furthermore, knock-down of HOXB9 expression decreased migration, invasion and proliferation but did not alter adhesion. We identified a novel primary mRNA transcript containing HOXB9 and miR196a-1 as predicted from in-silico analysis. Expression array analysis identified a number of miR196a targets, including MAMDC2 and HOXC8. We confirmed that MAMDC2 is a novel miR-196a target using a dual luciferase reporter assay with the effect abolished on mutation of the binding site. Conclusions These results show that miR-196a and HOXB9 are overexpressed, perhaps co-ordinately, as HNSCC develops and exert a pro-tumourigenic phenotype in HNSCC and OPM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lav Darda
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fahad Hakami
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine & Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Hakami F, Darda L, Stafford P, Woll P, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. The roles of HOXD10 in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Br J Cancer 2014; 111:807-16. [PMID: 25010866 PMCID: PMC4134504 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: HOX gene expression is altered in many cancers; previous microarray revealed changes in HOX gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly HOXD10. Methods: HOXD10 expression was assessed by qPCR and immunoblotting in vitro and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissues. Low-expressing cells were stably transfected with HOXD10 and the phenotype assessed with MTS, migration and adhesion assays and compared with the effects of siRNA knockdown in high-HOXD10-expressing cells. Novel HOXD10 targets were identified using expression microarrays, confirmed by reporter assay, and validated in tissues using IHC. Results: HOXD10 expression was low in NOKs, high in most primary tumour cells, and low in lymph node metastasis cells, a pattern confirmed using IHC in tissues. Overexpression of HOXD10 decreased cell invasion but increased proliferation, adhesion and migration, with knockdown causing reciprocal effects. There was no consistent effect on apoptosis. Microarray analysis identified several putative HOXD10-responsive genes, including angiomotin (AMOT-p80) and miR-146a. These were confirmed as HOXD10 targets by reporter assay. Manipulation of AMOT-p80 expression resulted in phenotypic changes similar to those on manipulation of HOXD10 expression. Conclusions: HOXD10 expression varies by stage of disease and produces differential effects: high expression giving cancer cells a proliferative and migratory advantage, and low expression may support invasion/metastasis, in part, by modulating AMOT-p80 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hakami
- 1] Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City-WR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Darda
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - P Stafford
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - P Woll
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SJ, UK
| | - D W Lambert
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - K D Hunter
- 1] Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK [2] Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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McKenzie GAG, Hinsley EE, Hunter K, Lambert DW. The endothelin axis in head and neck cancer: a promising therapeutic opportunity? J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:395-404. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A. G. McKenzie
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston UK
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Emma E. Hinsley
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Keith Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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Stafford P, Higham J, Pinnock A, Murdoch C, Douglas CWI, Stafford GP, Lambert DW. Gingipain-dependent degradation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway proteins by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis during invasion. Mol Oral Microbiol 2013; 28:366-78. [PMID: 23714361 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia are gram-negative pathogens strongly associated with periodontitis. Their abilities to interact, invade and persist within host cells are considered crucial to their pathogenicity, but the mechanisms by which they subvert host defences are not well understood. In this study, we set out to investigate whether P. gingivalis and T. forsythia directly target key signalling molecules that may modulate the host cell phenotype to favour invasion and persistence. Our data identify, for the first time, that P. gingivalis, but not T. forsythia, reduces levels of intracellular mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in oral epithelial cells following invasion over a 4-h time course, via the action of gingipains. The ability of cytochalasin D to abrogate P. gingivalis-mediated mTOR degradation suggests that this effect is dependent upon cellular invasion. We also show that levels of several other proteins in the mTOR signalling pathway are modulated by gingipains, either directly or as a consequence of mTOR degradation including p-4E-BP1. Taken together, our data suggest that P. gingivalis manipulates the mTOR pathway, providing evidence for a potentially novel mechanism by which P. gingivalis mediates its effects on host cell responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stafford
- Integrated Bioscience, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Pal A, Melling G, Hinsley EE, Kabir TD, Colley HE, Murdoch C, Lambert DW. Cigarette smoke condensate promotes pro-tumourigenic stromal-epithelial interactions by suppressing miR-145. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:309-14. [PMID: 23173553 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to factors released from tobacco during chewing or smoking is recognized as a major risk factor for oral carcinogenesis and influences the phenotype of oral epithelial cells and fibroblasts within the underlying stroma. Micro(mi)RNA can regulate the expression of genes within cells, and previous studies show that tobacco products can alter the miRNA profiles in lung epithelial cells. However, the molecular alterations occurring in oral fibroblasts exposed to tobacco constituents remain to be elucidated. METHODS Oral fibroblasts were exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and miRNA expression compared to untreated controls using tiling low-density arrays (TLDA). Expression of miRNA-145 was confirmed by quantitative (q)RT-PCR. The effect of CSC on fibroblast cell viability, motility and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression was measured using MTS, a wound scratch assay and qRT-PCR, respectively. Oral cancer cell migration in response to culture supernatants from mock, control or pre-miR-145-transfected CSC-treated fibroblasts was analysed by chemotaxis assay. RESULTS TLDA analysis identified widespread changes in the miRNA expression profile of fibroblasts exposed to CSC. Pri-, pre- and mature miRNA-145 were significantly down-regulated in response to CSC, and this was accompanied by up-regulated expression of MMP-2 and increased migration of fibroblasts compared to untreated controls. Re-expression of miR-145 abrogated the ability of fibroblasts to promote oral cancer cell chemotaxis in response to CSC. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that tobacco constituents influence the expression of miRNA within oral fibroblasts promoting a phenotype that increases oral cancer migration and sheds new light on the mechanisms underlying oral cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pal
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
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Stafford P, Higham J, Pinnock A, Murdoch C, Ian Douglas CW, Stafford GP, Lambert DW. Gingipain-dependent degradation of mTOR pathway proteins by the periodontal pathogenPorphyromonas gingivalisduring invasion. Mol Oral Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2013.12030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Stafford
- Integrated Bioscience; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield; S10 2TA; UK
| | - Jon Higham
- Integrated Bioscience; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield; S10 2TA; UK
| | - Abigail Pinnock
- Integrated Bioscience; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield; S10 2TA; UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- Integrated Bioscience; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield; S10 2TA; UK
| | - C. W. Ian Douglas
- Integrated Bioscience; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield; S10 2TA; UK
| | - Graham P Stafford
- Integrated Bioscience; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield; S10 2TA; UK
| | - Daniel W Lambert
- Integrated Bioscience; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield; S10 2TA; UK
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Clarke NE, Fisher MJ, Porter KE, Lambert DW, Turner AJ. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 bind integrins and ACE2 regulates integrin signalling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34747. [PMID: 22523556 PMCID: PMC3327712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin converting enzymes (ACEs) are the key catalytic components of the renin-angiotensin system, mediating precise regulation of blood pressure by counterbalancing the effects of each other. Inhibition of ACE has been shown to improve pathology in cardiovascular disease, whilst ACE2 is cardioprotective in the failing heart. However, the mechanisms by which ACE2 mediates its cardioprotective functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that both ACE and ACE2 bind integrin subunits, in an RGD-independent manner, and that they can act as cell adhesion substrates. We show that cellular expression of ACE2 enhanced cell adhesion. Furthermore, we present evidence that soluble ACE2 (sACE2) is capable of suppressing integrin signalling mediated by FAK. In addition, sACE2 increases the expression of Akt, thereby lowering the proportion of the signalling molecule phosphorylated Akt. These results suggest that ACE2 plays a role in cell-cell interactions, possibly acting to fine-tune integrin signalling. Hence the expression and cleavage of ACE2 at the plasma membrane may influence cell-extracellular matrix interactions and the signalling that mediates cell survival and proliferation. As such, ectodomain shedding of ACE2 may play a role in the process of pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola E. Clarke
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Porter
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Oral Disease Research Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Turner
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Hinsley EE, Hunt S, Hunter KD, Whawell SA, Lambert DW. Endothelin-1 stimulates motility of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells by promoting stromal-epithelial interactions. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:40-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hunt S, Jones AV, Hinsley EE, Whawell SA, Lambert DW. MicroRNA-124 suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma motility by targeting ITGB1. FEBS Lett 2010; 585:187-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lambert DW, Clarke NE, Turner AJ. Not just angiotensinases: new roles for the angiotensin-converting enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 67:89-98. [PMID: 19763395 PMCID: PMC7079792 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a critical regulator of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Angiotensin II, the primary bioactive peptide of the RAS, is generated from angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). A homologue of ACE, ACE2, is able to convert angiotensin II to a peptide with opposing effects, angiotensin-(1-7). It is proposed that disturbance of the balance of ACE and ACE2 expression and/or function is important in pathologies in which angiotensin II plays a role. These include cardiovascular and renal disease, lung injury and liver fibrosis. The critical roles of ACE and ACE2 in regulating angiotensin II levels have traditionally focussed attention on their activities as angiotensinases. Recent discoveries, however, have illuminated the roles of these enzymes and of the ACE2 homologue, collectrin, in intracellular trafficking and signalling. This paper reviews the key literature regarding both the catalytic and non-catalytic roles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Lambert
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, Sheffield, UK.
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Guy JL, Lambert DW, Turner AJ, Porter KE. Functional angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is expressed in human cardiac myofibroblasts. Exp Physiol 2008; 93:579-88. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.040139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lambert DW, Clarke NE, Hooper NM, Turner AJ. Calmodulin interacts with angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and inhibits shedding of its ectodomain. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:385-90. [PMID: 18070603 PMCID: PMC7094239 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is a regulatory protein of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and a receptor for the causative agent of severe-acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the SARS-coronavirus. We have previously shown that ACE2 can be shed from the cell surface in response to phorbol esters by a process involving TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE; ADAM17). In this study, we demonstrate that inhibitors of calmodulin also stimulate shedding of the ACE2 ectodomain, a process at least partially mediated by a metalloproteinase. We also show that calmodulin associates with ACE2 and that this interaction is decreased by calmodulin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Lambert
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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