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Dashti A, Ahmadi M. Recent Advances in Controlled Production of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300746. [PMID: 38488683 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyolefins, composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, dominate global polymer production. This stems from the wide range of physical and mechanical properties that various polyolefins can cover. Their versatile properties are largely tuned by chain microstructure, including molar mass distribution, comonomer content, and long-chain branching (LCB). Specifically, LCB imparts unique characteristics, notably enhances processability crucial for downstream applications. Tailoring LCB structural features has encouraged academic and industrial efforts, chronicle in this review from a chemistry standpoint. While encompassing post-reaction modification based traditional methods like peroxide grafting, ionizing beam irradiation, and coupling reactions, the main focus is given to catalyst-centric strategies and innovative polymerization schemes. The advent of single-site catalysts-metallocenes and late transition metals catalysts-amplifies interest in tailored chemical methods, but the progress in LCB formation flourishes via tandem catalytic systems and bimetallic catalysts under controlled reaction conditions. Specifically, the breakthrough in coordinative chain transfer polymerization unveils a novel avenue for controlled LCB synthesis by sequential chain propagation, transfer, liberation, and enchainment. This short review highlights recent approaches for the production of LCB polyolefins that can provide a roadmap crucial for researchers in academia and industry, steering their efforts toward further advancements in the production of tailored polyolefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Dashti
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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Dashti A, Ahmadi M, Haddadi-Asl V, Ahmadjo S, Mortazavi SMM. Tandem coordinative chain transfer polymerization for long chain branched Polyethylene: The role of chain displacement. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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Luo L, Liu K, Jiang J, Qi M, Li Q, Liu P, Li BG, Wang WJ. Engineering Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymers from Ethylene Stock with a Model-Guided Catalyst Feeding Policy. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qiulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Pingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University─Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University─Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
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Hassanian-Moghaddam D, Mortazavi SMM, Ahmadjo S, Doveirjavi M, Rahmati A, Ahmadi M. Resolving long-chain branch formation in tandem catalytic coordinative chain transfer polymerization of ethylene via thermal analysis. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li K, Qin Y, Zhao S, Dong JY. Blending Behavior of High-Degree Long-Chain-Branched Polypropylene Prepared by Ziegler–Natta Catalysis with Common Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Songmei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin-Yong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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McLaren M, Parent JS. Branched Propylene Derivatives by Radical-Mediated Grafting of an Acrylate-Functionalized Nitroxyl. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael McLaren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J. Scott Parent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Klimovica K, Pan S, Lin TW, Peng X, Ellison CJ, LaPointe AM, Bates FS, Coates GW. Compatibilization of iPP/HDPE Blends with PE- g- iPP Graft Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1161-1166. [PMID: 35653207 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The compatibilization of polyethylene (PE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blends is of particular interest due to the challenges associated with recycling these plastics from mixed waste streams. Polyethylene-graft-iPP copolymers (PE-g-iPP) were prepared using a grafting-through strategy by copolymerization of ethylene with allyl-terminated iPP macromonomers in the presence of a hafnium pyridylamido catalyst. Graft copolymers with a variety of graft lengths (Mn = 6-28 kg/mol), graft numbers, and graft spacings were prepared. These graft copolymers were melt-blended with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and iPP (iPP/HDPE = 30/70 w/w), and the blend properties were evaluated by tensile testing. The blends showed enhanced tensile strength at 5 and 1 wt % loading, with higher tensile strength observed for larger block numbers and graft lengths. These results indicate that graft copolymers are efficient compatibilizers for blends of HDPE and iPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Klimovica
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sanshui Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ting-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiayu Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anne M. LaPointe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Maddah Y, Ahmadjo S, Mortazavi SMM, Sharif F, Hassanian-Moghaddam D, Ahmadi M. Control over Branching Topology by Introducing a Dual Catalytic System in Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization of Olefins. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Maddah
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311 Iran
| | - Saeid Ahmadjo
- Engineering Department, Catalyst Group, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, 1497713115 Iran
| | | | - Farhad Sharif
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311 Iran
| | - Davood Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311 Iran
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311 Iran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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O’Dea RM, Willie JA, Epps TH. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Polymers from Lignocellulosic Biomass. Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:476-493. [PMID: 35648496 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable polymers from lignocellulosic biomass have the potential to reduce the environmental impact of commercial plastics while also offering significant performance and cost benefits relative to petrochemical-derived macromolecules. However, most currently available biobased polymers are hampered by insufficient thermomechanical properties, low economic feasibility (e.g., high relative cost), and reduced scalability in comparison to petroleum-based incumbents. Future biobased materials must overcome these limitations to be competitive in the marketplace. Additionally, sustainability challenges at the beginning and end of the polymer lifecycle need to be addressed using green chemistry practices and improved end-of-life waste management strategies. This viewpoint provides an overview of recent developments that can mitigate many concerns with present materials and discusses key aspects of next-generation, biobased polymers derived from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. O’Dea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jordan A. Willie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Abstract
Mathematical modeling of olefin polymerization processes has advanced significantly, driven by factors such as the need for higher-quality end products and more environmentally-friendly processes. The modeling studies have had a wide scope, from reactant and catalyst characterization and polymer synthesis to model validation with plant data. This article reviews mathematical models developed for olefin polymerization processes. Coordination and free-radical mechanisms occurring in different types of reactors, such as fluidized bed reactor (FBR), horizontal-stirred-bed reactor (HSBR), vertical-stirred-bed reactor (VSBR), and tubular reactor are reviewed. A guideline for the development of mathematical models of gas-phase olefin polymerization processes is presented.
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Zhang K, Liu P, Wang WJ, Li BG, Liu W, Zhu S. Preparation of Comb-Shaped Polyolefin Elastomers Having Ethylene/1-Octene Copolymer Backbone and Long Chain Polyethylene Branches via a Tandem Metallocene Catalyst System. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Pingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China 510640
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P. R. China 518172
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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Huang C, Zeng Y, Flisak Z, Zhao Z, Liang T, Sun WH. Tailoring polymers through interplay of ligands within precatalysts: 8-(Nitro/benzhydryl-arylimino)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6-dihydroquinolylnickel halides in ethylene polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yanning Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zygmunt Flisak
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Opole; Oleska 48 Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Zhijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Tongling Liang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
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13
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Zhang Y, Huang C, Wang X, Mahmood Q, Hao X, Hu X, Guo CY, Solan GA, Sun WH. Highly branched unsaturated polyethylenes achievable using strained imino-cyclopenta[b]pyridyl-nickel precatalysts. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly branched and unsaturated PEs with narrow PDIs have been obtained using nickel catalysts that display high activities, rapid regeneration of active species and high rates of chain isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
| | - Chuanbing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Qaiser Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Cun-Yue Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Gregory A. Solan
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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14
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Liu P, Liu W, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. A Comprehensive Review on Controlled Synthesis of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins: Part 3, Characterization of Long-Chain Branched Polymers. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Liu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
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