1
|
Dashti A, Ahmadi M. Recent Advances in Controlled Production of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300746. [PMID: 38488683 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyolefins, composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, dominate global polymer production. This stems from the wide range of physical and mechanical properties that various polyolefins can cover. Their versatile properties are largely tuned by chain microstructure, including molar mass distribution, comonomer content, and long-chain branching (LCB). Specifically, LCB imparts unique characteristics, notably enhances processability crucial for downstream applications. Tailoring LCB structural features has encouraged academic and industrial efforts, chronicle in this review from a chemistry standpoint. While encompassing post-reaction modification based traditional methods like peroxide grafting, ionizing beam irradiation, and coupling reactions, the main focus is given to catalyst-centric strategies and innovative polymerization schemes. The advent of single-site catalysts-metallocenes and late transition metals catalysts-amplifies interest in tailored chemical methods, but the progress in LCB formation flourishes via tandem catalytic systems and bimetallic catalysts under controlled reaction conditions. Specifically, the breakthrough in coordinative chain transfer polymerization unveils a novel avenue for controlled LCB synthesis by sequential chain propagation, transfer, liberation, and enchainment. This short review highlights recent approaches for the production of LCB polyolefins that can provide a roadmap crucial for researchers in academia and industry, steering their efforts toward further advancements in the production of tailored polyolefin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Dashti
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dashti A, Ahmadi M, Haddadi-Asl V, Ahmadjo S, Mortazavi SMM. Tandem coordinative chain transfer polymerization for long chain branched Polyethylene: The role of chain displacement. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
3
|
The Use of Branching Agents in the Synthesis of PBAT. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091720. [PMID: 35566889 PMCID: PMC9100140 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polyesters represent an advanced alternative to polyolefin plastics in various applications. Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) can compete with polyolefins in terms of their mechanical characteristics and melt processing conditions. The properties of PBAT depend on the molecular weight, dispersity, and architecture of the copolymer. Long-chain branching (LCB) of the PBAT backbone is an efficient method for the improvement of the copolymer characteristics. In the present work, we studied branching agents (BAs) 1–7 of different structures in the two-stage polycondensation of 1,4-butanediol, dimethyl terephthalate, and adipic acid and investigated the composition and melt rheology of the copolymers. According to the results of the research, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane 2 and 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid 5 outperformed glycerol 1 as BAs in terms of shear thinning behavior and viscoelasticity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gloger D, Mileva D, Albrecht A, Hubner G, Androsch R, Gahleitner M. Long-Chain Branched Polypropylene: Effects of Chain Architecture, Melt Structure, Shear Modification, and Solution Treatment on Melt Relaxation Dynamics. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06009 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo L, Liu K, Jiang J, Qi M, Li Q, Liu P, Li BG, Wang WJ. Engineering Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymers from Ethylene Stock with a Model-Guided Catalyst Feeding Policy. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qiulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Pingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University─Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University─Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pole SS, Isayev AI. Correlations in rheological behavior between large amplitude oscillatory shear and steady shear flow of silica‐filled star‐shaped styrene‐butadiene rubber compounds: Experiment and simulation. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S. Pole
- Department of Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron Ohio USA
| | - Avraam I. Isayev
- Department of Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron Ohio USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hallstein J, Gomoll A, Lieske A, Büsse T, Balko J, Brüll R, Malz F, Metzsch‐Zilligen E, Pfaendner R, Zehm D. Unraveling the cause for the unusual processing behavior of commercial partially bio‐based poly(butylene succinates) and their stabilization. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Hallstein
- Research Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - André Gomoll
- Research Division Synthesis and Polymer Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam‐Golm Germany
| | - Antje Lieske
- Research Division Synthesis and Polymer Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam‐Golm Germany
| | - Thomas Büsse
- Research Division Synthesis and Polymer Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam‐Golm Germany
| | - Jens Balko
- Research Division Synthesis and Polymer Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam‐Golm Germany
| | - Robert Brüll
- Research Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Frank Malz
- Research Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Elke Metzsch‐Zilligen
- Research Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rudolf Pfaendner
- Research Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Daniel Zehm
- Research Division Synthesis and Polymer Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam‐Golm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Voeten RC, van de Put B, Jordens J, Mengerink Y, Peters RAH, Haselberg R, Somsen GW. Probing Polyester Branching by Hybrid Trapped Ion-Mobility Spectrometry-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1498-1507. [PMID: 33988368 PMCID: PMC8176450 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trapped ion-mobility spectrometry combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TIMS-QTOFMS) was evaluated as a tool for resolving linear and branched isomeric polyester oligomers. Solutions of polyester samples were infused directly into the ion source employing electrospray ionization (ESI). TIMS-MS provides both mobility and m/z data on the formed ions, allowing construction of extracted-ion mobilograms (EIMs). EIMs of polyester molecules showed multimodal patterns, indicating conformational differences among isomers. Subsequent TIMS-MS/MS experiments indicated mobility differences to be caused by (degree of) branching. These assignments were supported by liquid chromatography-TIMS-MS/MS analysis, confirming that direct TIMS-MS provided fast (500 ms/scan) distinction between linear and branched small oligomers. Observing larger oligomers (up to 3000 Da) using TIMS required additional molecular charging to ensure ion entrapment within the mobility window. Molecular supercharging was achieved using m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (NBA). The additional charges on the oligomer structures enhanced mobility separation of isomeric species but also added to the complexity of the obtained fragmentation mass spectra. This complexity could be partly reduced by post-TIMS analyte-decharging applying collision-induced dissociation (CID) prior to Q1 with subsequent isolation of the singly charged ions for further fragmentation. The as-obtained EIM profiles were still quite complex as larger molecules possess more possible structural isomers. Nevertheless, distinguishing between linear and symmetrically branched oligomers was possible based on measured differences in collisional cross sections (CCSs). The established TIMS-QTOFMS approach reliably allows branching information on isomeric polyester molecules up to 3000 Da to be obtained in less than 1 min analysis time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert
L. C. Voeten
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van de Put
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jordens
- DSM
Materials Science Center, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Ynze Mengerink
- DSM
Materials Science Center, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. H. Peters
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- DSM
Resins & Functional Materials, Analytical
Technology Centre, Sluisweg
12, 5145 PE Waalwijk, The Netherlands
- HIMS-Analytical
Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zanchin G, Leone G. Polyolefin thermoplastic elastomers from polymerization catalysis: Advantages, pitfalls and future challenges. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Santoro O, Piola L, Cabe KM, Lhost O, Den Dauw K, Vantomme A, Welle A, Maron L, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. Long-Chain Branched Polyethylene via Coordinative Tandem Insertion and Chain-Transfer Polymerization Using rac-{EBTHI}ZrCl 2/MAO/Al–alkenyl Combinations: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Santoro
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Lorenzo Piola
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Karl Mc Cabe
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, UMR 5215, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Olivier Lhost
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Katty Den Dauw
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Vantomme
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Welle
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, UMR 5215, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226, F-35042 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maddah Y, Ahmadjo S, Mortazavi SMM, Sharif F, Hassanian-Moghaddam D, Ahmadi M. Control over Branching Topology by Introducing a Dual Catalytic System in Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization of Olefins. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Maddah
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311 Iran
| | - Saeid Ahmadjo
- Engineering Department, Catalyst Group, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, 1497713115 Iran
| | | | - Farhad Sharif
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311 Iran
| | - Davood Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311 Iran
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311 Iran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang K, Liu P, Wang WJ, Li BG, Liu W, Zhu S. Preparation of Comb-Shaped Polyolefin Elastomers Having Ethylene/1-Octene Copolymer Backbone and Long Chain Polyethylene Branches via a Tandem Metallocene Catalyst System. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Pingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China 510640
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P. R. China 518172
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ted H. Cymbaluk
- Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Pasadena, Texas 77506, United States
| | - Michael D. Jensen
- Formosa Plastics
Corporation, Polyolefins Technology Division, Point Comfort, Texas 77978, United States
| |
Collapse
|