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Reichel VE, Matuszak J, Bente K, Heil T, Kraupner A, Dutz S, Cicha I, Faivre D. Magnetite-Arginine Nanoparticles as a Multifunctional Biomedical Tool. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102014. [PMID: 33066027 PMCID: PMC7600042 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are a promising platform for biomedical applications, both in terms of diagnostics and therapeutics. In addition, arginine-rich polypeptides are known to penetrate across cell membranes. Here, we thus introduce a system based on magnetite nanoparticles and the polypeptide poly-l-arginine (polyR-Fe3O4). We show that the hybrid nanoparticles exhibit a low cytotoxicity that is comparable to Resovist®, a commercially available drug. PolyR-Fe3O4 particles perform very well in diagnostic applications, such as magnetic particle imaging (1.7 and 1.35 higher signal respectively for the 3rd and 11th harmonic when compared to Resovist®), or as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (R2/R1 ratio of 17 as compared to 11 at 0.94 T for Resovist®). Moreover, these novel particles can also be used for therapeutic purposes such as hyperthermia, achieving a specific heating power ratio of 208 W/g as compared to 83 W/g for Feridex®, another commercially available product. Therefore, we envision such materials to play a role in the future theranostic applications, where the arginine ability to deliver cargo into the cell can be coupled to the magnetite imaging properties and cancer fighting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Reichel
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (V.E.R.); (K.B.); (T.H.)
- Laboratoire “Matière et Systèmes Complexes” (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Paris 7 Diderot, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Jasmin Matuszak
- Section of Experimental Oncoclogy and Nanomedicine (SEON), ENT Department, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (I.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kurume University Hospital, Cognitive and MolecularResearch Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, 65-1, Asahimachi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Klaas Bente
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (V.E.R.); (K.B.); (T.H.)
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Heil
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (V.E.R.); (K.B.); (T.H.)
| | - Alexander Kraupner
- nanoPET Pharma GmbH, Luisencarrée Robert-Koch-Platz 4, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Silvio Dutz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, PF 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany;
| | - Iwona Cicha
- Section of Experimental Oncoclogy and Nanomedicine (SEON), ENT Department, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Damien Faivre
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (V.E.R.); (K.B.); (T.H.)
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
- Correspondence:
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Morgul MH, Raschzok N, Schwartlander R, Vondran F, Michel R, Stelter L, Pinkernelle J, Jordan A, Teichgraber U, Sauer IM. Tracking of Primary Human Hepatocytes with Clinical MRI: Initial Results with Tat-Peptide Modified Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 31:252-7. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880803100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transplantation of primary human hepatocytes is a promising approach in the treatment of specific liver diseases. However, little is known about the fate of the cells following application. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could enable real-time tracking and long-term detection of transplanted hepatocytes. The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles as cellular contrast agents should allow for the non-invasive detection of labelled cells on high-resolution magnetic resonance images. Experiments were performed on primary human hepatocytes to transfer the method of detecting labelled cells via clinical MRI into human hepatocyte transplantation. For labelling, Tat-peptide modified nano-sized superparamagnetic MagForce particles were used. Cells were investigated via a clinical MR scanner at 3.0 Tesla and the particle uptake within single hepatocytes was estimated using microscopic examinations. The labelled primary human hepatocytes were clearly detectable by MRI, proving the feasibility of this new concept. Therefore, this method is a useful tool to investigate the effects of human hepatocyte transplantation and to improve safety aspects of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Morgul
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Chiarité - Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Germany
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - N. Raschzok
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Chiarité - Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Germany
| | - R. Schwartlander
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Chiarité - Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Germany
| | - F.W. Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Chiarité - Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Germany
| | - R. Michel
- Department of Radiology, Chiarité - Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Germany
| | - L. Stelter
- Department of Radiology, Chiarité - Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Germany
| | - J. Pinkernelle
- Department of Radiology, Chiarité - Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Germany
| | - A. Jordan
- Department of Radiology, Chiarité - Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Germany
| | - U. Teichgraber
- Department of Radiology, Chiarité - Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Germany
| | - I. M. Sauer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Chiarité - Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Germany
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Liang R, Wang J, Wu X, Dong L, Deng R, Wang K, Sullivan M, Liu S, Wu M, Tao J, Yang X, Zhu J. Multifunctional biodegradable polymer nanoparticles with uniform sizes: generation and in vitro anti-melanoma activity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:455302. [PMID: 24145641 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/45/455302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple, yet versatile strategy for the fabrication of uniform biodegradable polymer nanoparticles (NPs) with controllable sizes by a hand-driven membrane-extrusion emulsification approach. The size and size distribution of the NPs can be easily tuned by varying the experimental parameters, including initial polymer concentration, surfactant concentration, number of extrusion passes, membrane pore size, and polymer molecular weight. Moreover, hydrophobic drugs (e.g., paclitaxel (PTX)) and inorganic NPs (e.g., quantum dots (QDs) and magnetic NPs (MNPs)) can be effectively and simultaneously encapsulated into the polymer NPs to form the multifunctional hybrid NPs through this facile route. These PTX-loaded NPs exhibit high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading density as well as excellent drug sustained release performance. As a proof of concept, the A875 cell (melanoma cell line) experiment in vitro, including cellular uptake analysis by fluorescence microscope, cytotoxicity analysis of NPs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, indicates that the PTX-loaded hybrid NPs produced by this technique could be potentially applied as a multifunctional delivery system for drug delivery, bio-imaging, and tumor therapy, including malignant melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Liang
- Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074,People's Republic of China
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Probing the Cytotoxicity of Nanoparticles: Experimental Pitfalls and Artifacts. MEASURING BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF NANOMATERIALS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/11663_2013_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wadajkar AS, Bhavsar Z, Ko CY, Koppolu B, Cui W, Tang L, Nguyen KT. Multifunctional particles for melanoma-targeted drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2996-3004. [PMID: 22561668 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New magnetic-based core-shell particles (MBCSPs) were developed to target skin cancer cells while delivering chemotherapeutic drugs in a controlled fashion. MBCSPs consist of a thermo-responsive shell of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide-allylamine) and a core of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) embedded with magnetite nanoparticles. To target melanoma cancer cells, MBCSPs were conjugated with Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptides that specifically bind to the α(5)β(3) receptors of melanoma cells. MBCSPs consist of unique multifunctional and controlled drug delivery characteristics. Specially, they can provide dual drug release mechanisms (a sustained release of drugs through degradation of PLGA core and a controlled release in response to changes in temperature via thermo-responsive polymer shell), and dual targeting mechanisms (magnetic localization and receptor-mediated targeting). Results from in vitro studies indicate that GRGDS-conjugated MBCSPs have an average diameter of 296 nm and exhibit no cytotoxicity towards human dermal fibroblasts up to 500 μg ml(-1). Further, a sustained release of curcumin from the core and a temperature-dependent release of doxorubicin from the shell of MBCSPs were observed. The particles also produced a dark contrast signal in magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, the particles were accumulated at the tumor site in a B16F10 melanoma orthotopic mouse model, especially in the presence of a magnet. Results indicate great potential of MBCSPs as a platform technology to target, treat and monitor melanoma for targeted drug delivery to reduce side effects of chemotherapeutic reagents.
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Wadajkar AS, Kadapure T, Zhang Y, Cui W, Nguyen KT, Yang J. Dual-imaging enabled cancer-targeting nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2012; 1:450-6. [PMID: 23061030 PMCID: PMC3466609 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of dual-imaging enabled cancer-targeting nanoparticles (DICT-NPs) is reported based on newly developed biodegradable photoluminescent polymers and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. DICT-NPs possess capabilities of dual-imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging), magnetic targeting, and potentially selective targeting for cancer cells. The development of DICT-NPs address the concerns in dual-imaging nanoparticles where photobleaching organic dyes and cytotoxic quantum dots are usually adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket S. Wadajkar
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington 76019, TX, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Tejaswi Kadapure
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington 76019, TX, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington 76019, TX, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Weina Cui
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Kytai T. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington 76019, TX, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington 76019, TX, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
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Rago G, Langer CM, Brackman C, Day JP, Domke KF, Raschzok N, Schmidt C, Sauer IM, Enejder A, Mogl MT, Bonn M. CARS microscopy for the visualization of micrometer-sized iron oxide MRI contrast agents in living cells. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:2470-2483. [PMID: 21991541 PMCID: PMC3184857 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs) attract increasing interest as contrast agents for cellular tracking by clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Despite the great potential of MPIOs for in vivo imaging of labeled cells, little is known on the intracellular localization of these particles following uptake due to the lack of techniques with the ability to monitor the particle uptake in vivo at single-cell level. Here, we show that coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy enables non-invasive, label-free imaging of MPIOs in living cells with sub-micron resolution in three dimensions. CARS allows simultaneous visualization of the cell framework and the MPIOs, where the particles can be readily distinguished from other cellular components of comparable dimensions, and localized inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rago
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin M. Langer
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Brackman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 4, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - James P.R. Day
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin F. Domke
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Igor M. Sauer
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Enejder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 4, Göteborg, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Martina T. Mogl
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Mischa Bonn
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
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A human cell model for dynamic testing of MR contrast agents. Biotechniques 2011; 50:120-3. [PMID: 21486253 DOI: 10.2144/000113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the initial feasibility of using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to detect early atherosclerosis, we investigated inflammatory cells labeled with a positive contrast agent in an endothelial cell-based testing system. The human monocytic cell line THP-1 was labeled by overnight incubation with a gadolinium colloid (Gado CELLTrack) prior to determination of the in vitro release profile from T1-weighted MR images. Next, MR signals arising from both a synthetic model of THP-1/human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) accumulation and the dynamic adhesion of THP-1 cells to activated HUVECs under flow were obtained. THP-1 cells were found to be successfully--but not optimally--labeled with gadolinium colloid, and MR images demonstrated increased signal from labeled cells in both the synthetic and dynamic THP-1/HUVEC models. The observed THP-1 contrast release profile was rapid, suggesting the need for an agent that is optimized for retention in the target cells for use in further studies. Detection of labeled THP-1 cells was accomplished with no signal enhancement from unlabeled cells. These achievements demonstrate the feasibility of targeting early atherosclerosis with MR imaging, and suggest that using an in vitro system like the one described provides a rapid, efficient, and cost-effective way to support the development and evaluation of novel MR contrast agents.
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Engelhorn T, Schwarz MA, Eyupoglu IY, Kloska SP, Struffert T, Doerfler A. Dynamic contrast enhancement of experimental glioma an intra-individual comparative study to assess the optimal time delay. Acad Radiol 2010; 17:188-93. [PMID: 19910218 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare tumor signal and contrast media uptake characteristics on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences at 3 Tesla over 30 minutes after double-dose administration of different contrast agents in an animal model of brain glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine rats underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after stereotactic F98 glioma cell implantation before and repetitively for 30 minutes after injection of gadobutrol, gadopentetate, and gadobenate, respectively. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and tumor contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were evaluated and MRI-derived tumor volumes were compared to histology. RESULTS Postcontrast tumor SNR and CNR peaked at 4 minutes after contrast application. While contrast-enhancement within the tumor was fading, tumor volume increased by continuous contrast-uptake of peripheral parts between 4 minutes (137 + or - 29 mm(3), 126 + or - 16 mm(3), 141 + or - 24 mm(3)) and 20 minutes (182 + or - 35 mm(3), 164 + or - 32 mm(3), 191 + or - 25 mm(3)), respectively. At 8 and 12 minutes, 84% and 91% of the tumor volume were definable, respectively. CONCLUSION Optimal correlation between MRI-derived tumor volume and histology is achieved by imaging up to 20 minutes after contrast application. At 4 minutes (this delay is mostly used in clinical routine), only 75% of the enhancing tumor volume is assessable. A delay of 8 minutes already reveals 84% of the tumor and seems to be a practical clinical compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Nitzsche H, Metz H, Lochmann A, Bernstein A, Hause G, Groth T, Mäder K. Characterization of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering by Benchtop-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2009; 15:513-21. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Nitzsche
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Hendrik Metz
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Alexander Lochmann
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Bernstein
- Laboratory of Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Microscopy Unit, Biocenter of the University, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Stelter L, Pinkernelle JG, Michel R, Schwartländer R, Raschzok N, Morgul MH, Koch M, Denecke T, Ruf J, Bäumler H, Jordan A, Hamm B, Sauer IM, Teichgräber U. Modification of aminosilanized superparamagnetic nanoparticles: feasibility of multimodal detection using 3T MRI, small animal PET, and fluorescence imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2009; 12:25-34. [PMID: 19582510 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to modify an aminosilane-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticle for cell labeling and subsequent multimodal imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and fluorescent imaging in vivo. PROCEDURES We covalently bound the transfection agent HIV-1 tat, the fluorescent dye fluorescein isothiocyanate, and the positron-emitting radionuclide gallium-68 to the particle and injected them intravenously into Wistar rats, followed by animal PET and MRI at 3.0 T. As a proof of principle hepatogenic HuH7 cells were labeled with the particles and observed for cell toxicity as well as detectability by MRI and biodistribution in vivo. RESULTS PET imaging and MRI revealed increasing hepatic and splenic accumulation of the particles over 24 h. Adjacent in vitro studies in hepatogenic HuH7 cells showed a rapid intracellular accumulation of the particles with high labeling efficiency and without any signs of toxicity. In vivo dissemination of the labeled cells could be followed by dynamic biodistribution studies. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that our modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles are stable under in vitro and in vivo conditions and are therefore applicable for efficient cell labeling and subsequent multimodal molecular imaging. Moreover, their multiple free amino groups suggest the possibility for further modifications and might provide interesting opportunities for various research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Stelter
- Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, CC6, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Engelhorn T, Eyupoglu IY, Schwarz MA, Karolczak M, Bruenner H, Struffert T, Kalender W, Doerfler A. In vivo micro-CT imaging of rat brain glioma: A comparison with 3T MRI and histology. Neurosci Lett 2009; 458:28-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Peng XH, Qian X, Mao H, Wang AY, Chen ZG, Nie S, Shin DM. Targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for tumor imaging and therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2008; 3:311-21. [PMID: 18990940 PMCID: PMC2626938 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles with a long blood retention time, biodegradability and low toxicity have emerged as one of the primary nanomaterials for biomedical applications in vitro and in vivo. IO nanoparticles have a large surface area and can be engineered to provide a large number of functional groups for cross-linking to tumor-targeting ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides, or small molecules for diagnostic imaging or delivery of therapeutic agents. IO nanoparticles possess unique paramagnetic properties, which generate significant susceptibility effects resulting in strong T2 and T*2 contrast, as well as T1 effects at very low concentrations for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is widely used for clinical oncology imaging. We review recent advances in the development of targeted IO nanoparticles for tumor imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Raschzok N, Morgul MH, Pinkernelle J, Vondran FWR, Billecke N, Kammer NN, Pless G, Adonopoulou MK, Leist C, Stelter L, Teichgraber U, Schwartlander R, Sauer IM. Imaging of primary human hepatocytes performed with micron-sized iron oxide particles and clinical magnetic resonance tomography. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:1384-94. [PMID: 18410523 PMCID: PMC3865680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of primary human hepatocytes is a promising approach in certain liver diseases. For the visualization of the hepa-tocytes during and following cell application and the ability of a timely response to potential complications, a non-invasive modality for imaging the transplanted cells has to be established. The aim of this study was to label primary human hepatocytes with micron-sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs), enabling the detection of cells by clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Primary human hepatocytes isolated from 13 different donors were used for the labelling experiments. Following the dose-finding studies, hepatocytes were incubated with 30 particles/cell for 4 hrs in an adhesion culture. Particle incorporation was investigated via light, fluorescence and electron microscopy, and labelled cells were fixed and analysed in an agarose suspension by a 3.0 Tesla MR scanner. The hepatocytes were enzymatically resuspended and analysed during a 5-day reculture period for viability, total protein, enzyme leakage (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) and metabolic activity (urea, albumin). A mean uptake of 18 particles/cell could be observed, and the primary human hepatocytes were clearly detectable by MR instrumentation. The particle load was not affected by resuspension and showed no alternations during the culture period. Compared to control groups, labelling and resuspension had no adverse effects on the viability, enzyme leakage and metabolic activity of the human hepatocytes. The feasibility of preparing MPIO-labelled primary human hepatocytes detectable by clinical MR equipment was shown in vitro. MPIO-labelled cells could serve for basic research and quality control in the clinical setting of human hepatocyte transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael Raschzok
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Pinkernelle J, Bruhn H. Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Imaging 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012374212-4.50106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Pintaske J, Müller-Bierl B, Schick F. Effect of Spatial Distribution of Magnetic Dipoles on Lamor Frequency Distribution and MR Signal Decay – a Numerical Approach Under Static Dephasing Conditions. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2006; 19:46-53. [PMID: 16470367 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-006-0026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) cause relatively strong magnetic field distortions, implying that field position effects of neighboring SPIO loaded cells have to be accounted for. We treated SPIO loaded cells as magnetic dipoles in a homogeneous magnetic field and computed the 3D frequency distribution and the related signal decay using a numerical approach under static dephasing conditions. The volume fraction of dipoles was kept constant for all simulations. For larger randomly distributed magnetic dipoles we found a non-Lorentzian frequency distribution and a non-monoexponential signal decay whereas, for smaller dipoles, the frequency distribution was more Lorentzian and the signal decay was well fitted monoexponentially. Moreover, based on our numerical and experimental findings, we found the gradient echo signal decay due to a single SPIO labeled cell to be non-monoexponential. The numerical approach provides deeper understanding of how the spatial distribution of SPIO loaded cells affects the MR signal decay. This fact has to be considered for the in vivo quantification of SPIO loaded cells, implying that in tissues with different spatial distributions of identical SPIO concentrations, different signal decays might be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pintaske
- Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Heyn C, Ronald JA, Mackenzie LT, MacDonald IC, Chambers AF, Rutt BK, Foster PJ. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of single cells in mouse brain with optical validation. Magn Reson Med 2005; 55:23-9. [PMID: 16342157 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the current work we demonstrate, for the first time, that single cells can be detected in mouse brain in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and injected into the circulation of mice. Individual cells trapped within the microcirculation of the brain could be visualized with high-resolution MRI using optimized MR hardware and the fast imaging employing steady state acquisition (FIESTA) pulse sequence on a 1.5 T clinical MRI scanner. Single cells appear as discrete signal voids on MR images. Direct optical validation was provided by coregistering signal voids on MRI with single cells visualized using high-resolution confocal microscopy. This work demonstrates the sensitivity of MRI for detecting single cells in small animals for a wide range of application from stem cell to cancer cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Heyn
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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