1
|
Bonnet S, Prévot G, Mornet S, Jacobin-Valat MJ, Mousli Y, Hemadou A, Duttine M, Trotier A, Sanchez S, Duonor-Cérutti M, Crauste-Manciet S, Clofent-Sanchez G. A Nano-Emulsion Platform Functionalized with a Fully Human scFv-Fc Antibody for Atheroma Targeting: Towards a Theranostic Approach to Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105188. [PMID: 34068875 PMCID: PMC8153629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is at the onset of the cardiovascular diseases that are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Currently, high-risk plaques, also called vulnerable atheromatous plaques, remain often undiagnosed until the occurrence of severe complications, such as stroke or myocardial infarction. Molecular imaging agents that target high-risk atheromatous lesions could greatly improve the diagnosis of atherosclerosis by identifying sites of high disease activity. Moreover, a "theranostic approach" that combines molecular imaging agents (for diagnosis) and therapeutic molecules would be of great value for the local management of atheromatous plaques. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize an innovative theranostic tool for atherosclerosis. We engineered oil-in-water nano-emulsions (NEs) loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) purposes. Dynamic MRI showed that NE-SPIO nanoparticles decorated with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer reduced their liver uptake and extended their half-life. Next, the NE-SPIO-PEG formulation was functionalized with a fully human scFv-Fc antibody (P3) recognizing galectin 3, an atherosclerosis biomarker. The P3-functionalized formulation targeted atheromatous plaques, as demonstrated in an immunohistochemistry analyses of mouse aorta and human artery sections and in an Apoe-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. Moreover, the formulation was loaded with SPIO nanoparticles and/or alpha-tocopherol to be used as a theranostic tool for atherosclerosis imaging (SPIO) and for delivery of drugs that reduce oxidation (here, alpha-tocopherol) in atheromatous plaques. This study paves the way to non-invasive targeted imaging of atherosclerosis and synergistic therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bonnet
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, CRMSB, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.-J.J.-V.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (S.S.); (G.C.-S.)
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 5026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, 33600 Pessac, France; (S.M.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Geoffrey Prévot
- ARNA, ARN, Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.P.); (Y.M.); (S.C.-M.)
| | - Stéphane Mornet
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 5026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, 33600 Pessac, France; (S.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Marie-Josée Jacobin-Valat
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, CRMSB, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.-J.J.-V.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (S.S.); (G.C.-S.)
| | - Yannick Mousli
- ARNA, ARN, Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.P.); (Y.M.); (S.C.-M.)
| | - Audrey Hemadou
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, CRMSB, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.-J.J.-V.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (S.S.); (G.C.-S.)
| | - Mathieu Duttine
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 5026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, 33600 Pessac, France; (S.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Aurélien Trotier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, CRMSB, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.-J.J.-V.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (S.S.); (G.C.-S.)
| | - Stéphane Sanchez
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, CRMSB, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.-J.J.-V.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (S.S.); (G.C.-S.)
| | | | - Sylvie Crauste-Manciet
- ARNA, ARN, Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.P.); (Y.M.); (S.C.-M.)
| | - Gisèle Clofent-Sanchez
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, CRMSB, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.-J.J.-V.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (S.S.); (G.C.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hill LK, Hoang DM, Chiriboga LA, Wisniewski T, Sadowski MJ, Wadghiri YZ. Detection of Cerebrovascular Loss in the Normal Aging C57BL/6 Mouse Brain Using in vivo Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:585218. [PMID: 33192479 PMCID: PMC7606987 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.585218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular rarefaction, or the decrease in vascular density, has been described in the cerebrovasculature of aging humans, rats, and, more recently, mice in the presence and absence of age-dependent diseases. Given the wide use of mice in modeling age-dependent human diseases of the cerebrovasculature, visualization, and quantification of the global murine cerebrovasculature is necessary for establishing the baseline changes that occur with aging. To provide in vivo whole-brain imaging of the cerebrovasculature in aging C57BL/6 mice longitudinally, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) was employed using a house-made gadolinium-bearing micellar blood pool agent. Enhancement in the vascular space permitted quantification of the detectable, or apparent, cerebral blood volume (aCBV), which was analyzed over 2 years of aging and compared to histological analysis of the cerebrovascular density. A significant loss in the aCBV was detected by CE-MRA over the aging period. Histological analysis via vessel-probing immunohistochemistry confirmed a significant loss in the cerebrovascular density over the same 2-year aging period, validating the CE-MRA findings. While these techniques use widely different methods of assessment and spatial resolutions, their comparable findings in detected vascular loss corroborate the growing body of literature describing vascular rarefaction aging. These findings suggest that such age-dependent changes can contribute to cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, which are modeled using wild-type and transgenic laboratory rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Dung Minh Hoang
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luis A. Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martin J. Sadowski
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Youssef Z. Wadghiri
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Multimodal molecular imaging of atherosclerosis: Nanoparticles functionalized with scFv fragments of an anti-αIIbβ3 antibody. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 22:102082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
4
|
|
5
|
The Multifaceted Uses and Therapeutic Advantages of Nanoparticles for Atherosclerosis Research. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050754. [PMID: 29738480 PMCID: PMC5978131 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are uniquely suited for the study and development of potential therapies against atherosclerosis by virtue of their size, fine-tunable properties, and ability to incorporate therapies and/or imaging modalities. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be specifically targeted to the atherosclerotic plaque, evading off-target effects and/or associated cytotoxicity. There has been a wealth of knowledge available concerning the use of nanotechnologies in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, in particular in animal models, but with a major focus on imaging agents. In fact, roughly 60% of articles from an initial search for this review included examples of imaging applications of nanoparticles. Thus, this review focuses on experimental therapy interventions applied to and observed in animal models. Particular emphasis is placed on how nanoparticle materials and properties allow researchers to learn a great deal about atherosclerosis. The objective of this review was to provide an update for nanoparticle use in imaging and drug delivery studies and to illustrate how nanoparticles can be used for sensing and modelling, for studying fundamental biological mechanisms, and for the delivery of biotherapeutics such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and even cells all with the goal of attenuating atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the various atherosclerosis processes targeted mainly for imaging studies have been summarized in the hopes of inspiring new and exciting targeted therapeutic and/or imaging strategies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Prévot G, Kauss T, Lorenzato C, Gaubert A, Larivière M, Baillet J, Laroche-Traineau J, Jacobin-Valat MJ, Adumeau L, Mornet S, Barthélémy P, Duonor-Cérutti M, Clofent-Sanchez G, Crauste-Manciet S. Iron oxide core oil-in-water nanoemulsion as tracer for atherosclerosis MPI and MRI imaging. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:669-676. [PMID: 28899764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For early atherosclerosis imaging, magnetic oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) decorated with atheroma specific monoclonal antibody was designed for Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MPI is an emerging technique based on direct mapping of superparamagnetic nanoparticles which may advantageously complement MRI. METHODS NE oily droplets were loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles of 7, 11 and 18nm and biofunctionalized with atheroma specific scFv-Fc TEG4-2C antibody. RESULTS Inclusion of nanoparticles inside NE did not change the hydrodynamic diameter of the oil droplets, close to 180nm, nor the polydispersity. The droplets were negatively charged (ζ=-30mV). In vitro MPI signal was assessed by Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS). NE displayed MRI and MPS signals confirming its potential as new contrast agent. NE MPS signal increase with NPs size close to the gold standard (Resovist). In MRI, NE displayed R2* transversal relaxivity of 45.45, 96.04 and 218.81mM-1s-1 for 7, 11 and 18nm respectively. NE selectively bind atheroma plaque both in vitro and ex vivo in animal models of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Magnetic NE showed reasonable MRI/MPS signals and a significant labelling of the atheroma plaque. These preliminary results support that NE platform could selectively image atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Prévot
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tina Kauss
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Lorenzato
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélusine Larivière
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Baillet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jeanny Laroche-Traineau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Josée Jacobin-Valat
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Adumeau
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Stéphane Mornet
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Gisèle Clofent-Sanchez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Crauste-Manciet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meloni MM, Barton S, Xu L, Kaski JC, Song W, He T. Contrast agents for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: an overview. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5714-5725. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Contrast agents for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) play a major role in research and clinical cardiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Meloni
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute
- St George's, University of London
- London
- UK
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry
| | - Stephen Barton
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry
- Kingston University
- London
- UK
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiology
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital
- Beijing
- China
| | - Juan C. Kaski
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute
- St George's, University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials
- Division of surgery & Interventional Science
- University College of London
- London
- UK
| | - Taigang He
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute
- St George's, University of London
- London
- UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Teresa Albelda M, Garcia-España E, Frias JC. Visualizing the atherosclerotic plaque: a chemical perspective. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2858-76. [PMID: 24526041 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major underlying pathologic cause of coronary artery disease. An early detection of the disease can prevent clinical sequellae such as angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The different imaging techniques employed to visualize the atherosclerotic plaque provide information of diagnostic and prognostic value. Furthermore, the use of contrast agents helps to improve signal-to-noise ratio providing better images. For nuclear imaging techniques and optical imaging these agents are absolutely necessary. We report on the different contrast agents that have been used, are used or may be used in future in animals, humans, or excised tissues for the distinct imaging modalities for atherosclerotic plaque imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Teresa Albelda
- Universidad de Valencia, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Edificio de Institutos de Paterna, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Segers FM, den Adel B, Bot I, van der Graaf LM, van der Veer EP, Gonzalez W, Raynal I, de Winther M, Wodzig WK, Poelmann RE, van Berkel TJ, van der Weerd L, Biessen EA. Scavenger Receptor-AI–Targeted Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for In Vivo MRI Detection of Atherosclerotic Lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1812-9. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip M.E. Segers
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Brigit den Adel
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Ilze Bot
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Linda M. van der Graaf
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Eric P. van der Veer
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Walter Gonzalez
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Isabelle Raynal
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Menno de Winther
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Will K. Wodzig
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Robert E. Poelmann
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Theo J.C. van Berkel
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| | - Erik A.L. Biessen
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.M.E.S., I.B., E.P.v.d.V., T.J.C.v.B., E.A.L.B.); Department of Anatomy and Embryology (B.d.A., L.M.v.d.G., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.), Department of Radiology (L.v.d.W.), and Department of Human Genetics (L.v.d.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Research, Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France (W.G., I.R.); Department of Medical
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heidt T, Nahrendorf M. Multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles for hybrid biomedical imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:756-765. [PMID: 23065771 PMCID: PMC3549036 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide core nanoparticles are attractive imaging agents because their material properties allow the tuning of pharmacokinetics as well as the attachment of multiple moieties to their surface. In addition to affinity ligands, these include fluorochromes and radioisotopes for detection with optical and nuclear imaging. As the iron oxide core can be detected by MRI, options for combining imaging modalities are manifold. Already, preclinical imaging strategies have combined noninvasive imaging with higher resolution techniques, such as intravital microscopy, to gain unprecedented insight into steady-state biology and disease. Going forward, hybrid iron oxide nanoparticles will help to merge modalities, creating a synergy that will enable imaging in basic research and, potentially, also in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Heidt
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
den Adel B, van der Graaf LM, Que I, Strijkers GJ, Löwik CW, Poelmann RE, van der Weerd L. Contrast enhancement by lipid-based MRI contrast agents in mouse atherosclerotic plaques; a longitudinal study. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:63-71. [PMID: 23109394 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of contrast-enhanced MRI to enable in vivo specific characterization of atherosclerotic plaques is increasing. In this study the intrinsic ability of two differently sized gadolinium-based contrast agents to enhance atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE(-/-) mice was evaluated with MRI. We obtained a kinetic profile for contrast enhancement, as the literature data on optimal imaging time points is scarce, and assessed the longer-term kinetics. Signal enhancement in the wall of the aortic arch, following intravenous injection of paramagnetic micelles and liposomes, was followed for 1 week. In vivo T(1)-weighted MRI plaque enhancement characteristics were complemented by fluorescence microscopy of NIR(664) incorporated in the contrast agents and quantification of tissue and blood Gd-DTPA. Both micelles and liposomes enhanced contrast in T(1)-weighted MR images of plaques in the aortic arch. The average contrast-to-noise ratio increased after liposome or micelle injection to 260 or 280% respectively, at 24 h after injection, compared with a pre-scan. A second wave of maximum contrast enhancement was observed around 60-72 h after injection, which only slowly decreased towards the 1 week end-point. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and whole body fluorescence imaging confirmed MRI-findings of accumulation of micelles and liposomes. Plaque permeation of contrast agents was not strongly dependent on the contrast agent size in this mouse model. Our results show that intraplaque accumulation over time of both contrast agents leads to good plaque visualization for a long period. This inherent intraplaque accumulation might make it difficult to discriminate passive from targeted accumulation. This implies that, in the development of targeted contrast agents on a lipid-based backbone, extensive timing studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigit den Adel
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheng Z, Zaki AA, Hui JZ, Muzykantov VR, Tsourkas A. Multifunctional nanoparticles: cost versus benefit of adding targeting and imaging capabilities. Science 2012; 338:903-10. [PMID: 23161990 PMCID: PMC3660151 DOI: 10.1126/science.1226338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 938] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the efficacy and reduce the systemic toxicity of a wide range of drugs. Although clinically approved nanoparticles have consistently shown value in reducing drug toxicity, their use has not always translated into improved clinical outcomes. This has led to the development of "multifunctional" nanoparticles, where additional capabilities like targeting and image contrast enhancement are added to the nanoparticles. However, additional functionality means additional synthetic steps and costs, more convoluted behavior and effects in vivo, and also greater regulatory hurdles. The trade-off between additional functionality and complexity is the subject of ongoing debate and the focus of this Review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ajlan Al Zaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - James Z. Hui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Vladimir R. Muzykantov
- Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics & Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, TRC 10-125, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prosser BL, Ward CW, Lederer WJ, Muzykantov VR, Tsourkas A, Chung W, Croft GF, Saphier G, Leibel R, Goland R, Wichterle H, Henderson CE, Eggan K. X-ROS signaling: rapid mechano-chemo transduction in heart. Science 2011. [PMID: 8493574 DOI: 10.1126/science] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report that in heart cells, physiologic stretch rapidly activates reduced-form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a process dependent on microtubules (X-ROS signaling). ROS production occurs in the sarcolemmal and t-tubule membranes where NOX2 is located and sensitizes nearby ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). This triggers a burst of Ca(2+) sparks, the elementary Ca(2+) release events in heart. Although this stretch-dependent "tuning" of RyRs increases Ca(2+) signaling sensitivity in healthy cardiomyocytes, in disease it enables Ca(2+) sparks to trigger arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) waves. In the mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hyperactive X-ROS signaling contributes to cardiomyopathy through aberrant Ca(2+) release from the SR. X-ROS signaling thus provides a mechanistic explanation for the mechanotransduction of Ca(2+) release in the heart and offers fresh therapeutic possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Prosser
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fitzgerald KT, Holladay CA, McCarthy C, Power KA, Pandit A, Gallagher WM. Standardization of models and methods used to assess nanoparticles in cardiovascular applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:705-717. [PMID: 21319299 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the management and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Controlled drug delivery and nanoparticle-based molecular imaging agents have advanced cardiovascular disease therapy and diagnosis. However, the delivery vehicles (dendrimers, nanocrystals, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanoshells, etc.), as well as the model systems that are used to mimic human cardiac disease, should be questioned in relation to their suitability. This review focuses on the variations of the biological assays and preclinical models that are currently being used to study the biocompatibility and suitability of nanomaterials in cardiovascular applications. There is a need to standardize appropriate models and methods that will promote the development of novel nanomaterial-based cardiovascular therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T Fitzgerald
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Briley-Saebo KC, Cho YS, Shaw PX, Ryu SK, Mani V, Dickson S, Izadmehr E, Green S, Fayad ZA, Tsimikas S. Targeted iron oxide particles for in vivo magnetic resonance detection of atherosclerotic lesions with antibodies directed to oxidation-specific epitopes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:337-47. [PMID: 21106318 PMCID: PMC3095034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether iron oxide particles targeted to oxidation-specific epitopes image atherosclerotic lesions. BACKGROUND Oxidized low-density lipoprotein plays a major role in atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization. Prior studies indicate that gadolinium micelles labeled with oxidation-specific antibodies allow for in vivo detection of vulnerable plaques with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, issues related to biotransformation/retention of gadolinium might limit clinical translation. Iron oxides are recognized as safe and effective contrast agents for MRI. Because the efficacy of passively targeted iron particles remains variable, it was hypothesized that iron particles targeted to oxidation-specific epitopes might increase the utility of this platform. METHODS Lipid-coated ultra-small superparamagnetic iron particles (LUSPIOs) (<20 nm) and superparamagnetic iron particles (<40 nm) were conjugated with antibodies targeted to either malondialdehyde-lysine or oxidized phospholipid epitopes. All formulations were characterized, and their in vivo efficacy evaluated in apolipoprotein E deficient mice 24 h after bolus administration of a 3.9-mg Fe/kg dose with MRI. In vivo imaging data were correlated with the presence of oxidation-specific epitopes with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MRI of atherosclerotic lesions, as manifested by signal loss, was observed after administration of targeted LUSPIOs. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of malondialdehyde-epitopes and iron particles. Limited signal attenuation was observed for untargeted LUSPIOs. Additionally, no significant arterial wall uptake was observed for targeted or untargeted lipid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide particles, due to their limited ability to penetrate the vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that LUSPIOs targeted to oxidation-specific epitopes image atherosclerotic lesions and suggests a clinically translatable platform for the detection of atherosclerotic plaque.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen C. Briley-Saebo
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Young Seok Cho
- Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Vascular Medicine Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Peter X. Shaw
- Vascular Medicine Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sung Kee Ryu
- Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
- Vascular Medicine Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Stephen Dickson
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ehsan Izadmehr
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Simone Green
- Vascular Medicine Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Departments of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Vascular Medicine Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
te Boekhorst BCM, Bovens SM, van de Kolk CWA, Cramer MJM, Doevendans PAFM, ten Hove M, van der Weerd L, Poelmann R, Strijkers GJ, Pasterkamp G, van Echteld CJA. The time window of MRI of murine atherosclerotic plaques after administration of CB2 receptor targeted micelles: inter-scan variability and relation between plaque signal intensity increase and gadolinium content of inversion recovery prepared versus non-prepared fast spin echo. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2010; 23:939-951. [PMID: 20878972 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Single fast spin echo scans covering limited time frames are mostly used for contrast-enhanced MRI of atherosclerotic plaque biomarkers. Knowledge on inter-scan variability of the normalized enhancement ratio of plaque (NER(plaque)) and relation between NER(plaque) and gadolinium content for inversion-recovery fast spin echo is limited. Study aims were: evaluation of (1) timing of MRI after intravenous injection of cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2-R) (expressed by human and mouse plaque macrophages) targeted micelles; (2) inter-scan variability of inversion-recovery fast spin echo and fast spin echo; (3) relation between NER(plaque) and gadolinium content for inversion-recovery fast spin echo and fast spin echo. Inversion-recovery fast spin echo/fast spin echo imaging was performed before and every 15 min up to 48 h after injection of CB2-R targeted or control micelles using several groups of mice measured in an interleaved fashion. NER(plaque) (determined on inversion-recovery fast spin echo images) remained high (∼2) until 48 h after injection of CB2-R targeted micelles, whereas NER(plaque) decreased after 36 h in the control group. The inter-scan variability and relation between NER(plaque) and gadolinium (assessed with inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry) were compared between inversion-recovery fast spin echo and fast spin echo. Inter-scan variability was higher for inversion-recovery fast spin echo than for fast spin echo. Although gadolinium and NER(plaque) correlated well for both techniques, the NER of plaque was higher for inversion-recovery fast spin echo than for fast spin echo. In mice injected with CB2-R targeted micelles, NER(plaque) can be best evaluated at 36-48 h post-injection. Because NER(plaque) was higher for inversion-recovery fast spin echo than for fast spin echo, but with high inter-scan variability, repeated inversion-recovery fast spin echo imaging and averaging of the obtained NER(plaque) values is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B C M te Boekhorst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Albrecht K, Greindl M, Deutel B, Kremser C, Wolf C, Talasz H, Stollenwerk M, Debbage P, Bernkop‐Schnürch A. In vivo investigation of thiomer–polyvinylpyrrolidon nanoparticles using magnetic resonance imaging. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2008-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
18
|
Beilvert A, Cormode DP, Chaubet F, Briley-Saebo KC, Mani V, Mulder WJM, Vucic E, Toussaint JF, Letourneur D, Fayad ZA. Tyrosine polyethylene glycol (PEG)-micelle magnetic resonance contrast agent for the detection of lipid rich areas in atherosclerotic plaque. Magn Reson Med 2010; 62:1195-201. [PMID: 19780153 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerable or high-risk atherosclerotic plaques often exhibit large lipid cores and thin fibrous caps that can lead to deadly vascular events when they rupture. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-micelles that incorporate a gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) amphiphile were used as an MR contrast agent. In an approach inspired by lipoproteins, the micelles were functionalized with tyrosine residues, an aromatic, lipophilic amino acid, to reach the lipid-rich areas of atherosclerotic plaque in a highly efficient manner. These micelles were applied to apolipoprotein E(-/-) (ApoE(-/-)) mice as a model of atherosclerosis. The abdominal aortas of the animals were imaged using T(1)-weighted (T(1)W) high-resolution MRI at 9.4T before and up to 48 h after the administration of the micelles. PEG-micelles modified with 15% tyrosine residues yielded a significant enhancement of the abdominal aortic wall at 6 and 24 h postinjection (pi) as compared to unmodified micelles. Fluorescence microscopy on histological sections of the abdominal aorta showed a correlation between lipid-rich areas and the distribution of the functionalized contrast agent in plaque. Using a simple approach, we demonstrated that lipid-rich areas in atherosclerotic plaque of ApoE(-/-) mice can be detected by MRI using Gd-DTPA micelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beilvert
- INSERM U698, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, CHU X. Bichat, University Paris 7, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lipinski MJ, Frias JC, Amirbekian V, Briley-Saebo KC, Mani V, Samber D, Abbate A, Aguinaldo JGS, Massey D, Fuster V, Vetrovec GW, Fayad ZA. Macrophage-specific lipid-based nanoparticles improve cardiac magnetic resonance detection and characterization of human atherosclerosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:637-47. [PMID: 19442953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether gadolinium (Gd)-containing lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) targeting the macrophage scavenger receptor-B (CD36) improve cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) detection and characterization of human atherosclerosis. BACKGROUND Gd-containing lipid-based NPs targeting macrophages have improved MR detection of murine atherosclerosis. METHODS Gadolinium-containing untargeted NPs, anti-CD36 NPs, and nonspecific Fc-NPs were created. Macrophages were incubated with fluorescent targeted and nontargeted NPs to determine uptake via confocal microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) quantified Gd uptake. Human aortic specimens were harvested at autopsy. With a 1.5-T scanner, T1, T2, and PDW 3-dimensional scans were performed along with post-contrast scans after 24 h incubation. The T1 and cluster analyses were performed and compared with immunohistopathology. RESULTS The NPs had a mean diameter of 125 nm and 14,900 Gd-ions, and relaxivity was 37 mmol/l(-1)s(-1) at 1.5-T and 37 degrees C. Confocal microscopy and ICP-MS demonstrated significant in vitro macrophage uptake of targeted NPs, whereas non-targeted NPs had minimal uptake. On T1 imaging, targeted NPs increased contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by 52.5%, which was significantly greater than Fc-NPs (CNR increased 17.2%) and nontargeted NPs (CNR increased 18.7%) (p = 0.001). Confocal fluorescent microscopy showed that NPs target resident macrophages, whereas the untargeted NPs and Fc-NPs are found diffusely throughout the plaque. Targeted NPs had a greater signal intensity increase in the fibrous cap compared with non-targeted NPs. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage-specific (CD36) NPs bind human macrophages and improve CMR detection and characterization of human aortic atherosclerosis. Thus, macrophage-specific NPs could help identify high-risk human plaque before the development of an atherothrombotic event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lipinski
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Amirbekian V, Aguinaldo JGS, Amirbekian S, Hyafil F, Vucic E, Sirol M, Weinreb DB, Le Greneur S, Lancelot E, Corot C, Fisher EA, Galis ZS, Fayad ZA. Atherosclerosis and matrix metalloproteinases: experimental molecular MR imaging in vivo. Radiology 2009; 251:429-38. [PMID: 19224894 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2511080539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the capability of P947, a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent that molecularly targets matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), to aid detection and imaging of MMPs in atherosclerotic lesions in vivo; its specificity compared with that of P1135; expression and distribution of MMPs in atherosclerotic vessels; and in vivo distribution and molecular localization of fluorescent europium (Eu) P947. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Animal Care and Use Committee approved all experiments. P947 was synthesized by attaching a gadolinium chelate (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid) to a peptide that specifically binds MMPs. Scrambled form of P947 (P1135) was synthesized by replacing the targeting moiety of P947 with a scrambled peptide lacking the ability to bind MMPs. P947, P1135, and gadoterate meglumine were injected into atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient and wild-type mice. The aortic MR imaging enhancement produced by the contrast agents was measured at different times and was compared by using one-way analysis of variance. MMP expression was investigated in the aortas by using MMP immunostaining and in situ MMP zymography. A fluorescent form of P947 (Eu-P947) was synthesized to compare the in vivo distribution of the contrast agent (Eu-P947) with specific MMP immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS MMP-targeted P947 facilitated a 93% increase (P < .001) in MR image signal intensity (contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR], 17.7 compared with 7.7; P < .001) of atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. Nontargeted P1135 (scrambled P947) provided 33% MR image enhancement (CNR, 10.8), whereas gadoterate meglumine provided 5% (CNR, 6.9). Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated colocalization between fluorescent Eu-P947 and MMPs in atherosclerotic plaques. Eu-P947 was particularly present in the fibrous cap region of plaques. CONCLUSION P947 improved MR imaging for atherosclerosis through MMP-specific targeting. The results were validated and provide support for further assessment of P947 as a potential tool for the identification of unstable atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Amirbekian
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Schoolof Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen W, Vucic E, Leupold E, Mulder WJM, Cormode DP, Briley-Saebo KC, Barazza A, Fisher EA, Dathe M, Fayad ZA. Incorporation of an apoE-derived lipopeptide in high-density lipoprotein MRI contrast agents for enhanced imaging of macrophages in atherosclerosis. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2009; 3:233-42. [PMID: 19072768 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is becoming a pivotal diagnostic method to identify and characterize vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. We previously reported a reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticle platform enriched with Gd-based amphiphiles as a plaque-specific MR imaging contrast agent. Further modification can be accomplished by inserting targeting moieties into this platform to potentially allow for improved intraplaque macrophage uptake. Since studies have indicated that intraplaque macrophage density is directly correlated to plaque vulnerability, modification of the rHDL platform may allow for better detection of vulnerable plaques. In the current study we incorporated a carboxyfluoresceine-labeled apolipoprotein E-derived lipopeptide, P2fA2, into rHDL. The in vitro macrophage uptake and in vivo MR efficacy were demonstrated using murine J774A.1 macrophages and the apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE(-/-)) mouse model of atherosclerosis. The in vitro studies indicated enhanced association of murine macrophages to P2fA2 enriched rHDL (rHDL-P2A2) nanoparticles, relative to rHDL, using optical techniques and MR imaging. The in vivo studies showed a more pronounced and significantly higher signal enhancement of the atherosclerotic wall 24 h after the 50 micromol Gd/kg injection of rHDL-P2A2 relative to administration of rHDL. The normalized enhancement ratio for atherosclerotic wall of rHDL-P2A2 contrast agent injection was 90%, while that of rHDL was 53% 24 h post-injection. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that rHDL-P2A2 nanoparticles co-localized primarily with intraplaque macrophages. The results of the current study confirm the hypothesis that intraplaque macrophage uptake of rHDL may be enhanced by the incorporation of the P2fA2 peptide into the modified HDL particle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Imaging Science Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Beckmann N, Cannet C, Babin AL, Blé F, Zurbruegg S, Kneuer R, Dousset V. In vivo
visualization of macrophage infiltration and activity in inflammation using magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 1:272-98. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolau Beckmann
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Louise Babin
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - François‐Xavier Blé
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7
| | - Stefan Zurbruegg
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kneuer
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Dousset
- University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, EA 2966 Neurobiology of Myelin Disease Laboratory, CHU de Bordeaux, F‐33076 Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Briley-Saebo KC, Mani V, Hyafil F, Cornily JC, Fayad ZA. Fractionated Feridex and positive contrast: in vivo MR imaging of atherosclerosis. Magn Reson Med 2008; 59:721-30. [PMID: 18383304 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have been identified as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Ultrasmall iron oxide particles (USPIOs) have been used to passively target intraplaque macrophages. For dextran-based USPIOs, uptake into macrophages may be modulated by particle size. The aim of the current study was to test the efficacy of fractionated Feridex with respect to macrophage uptake in atherosclerotic rabbits. Fractionation of Feridex resulted in a 15-nm USPIO that exhibited a blood half-life of 15.9 h and liver retention of 6.4%. Blood clearance and liver retention of Feridex was 0.46 h and 60%, following administration of 4.8 mg Fe/kg Feridex. Atherosclerotic rabbits were administered 0.5 or 4.8 mg Fe/kg dosages of either fractionated Feridex or Feridex. MRI was performed at 1.5T over a 24-h time period postinjection. Perls and RAM-11 staining was performed to identify iron deposition. MRI showed a dose-dependent signal loss using conventional gradient echo (GRE) sequences following administration of fractionated Feridex. Even at low dose, significant signal loss was observed that correlated with histology. No signal attenuation or iron deposition was observed in the vessel wall of rabbits administered Feridex. Results of this study suggest that it may be possible to optimize USPIOs for intraplaque macrophage detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Briley-Saebo
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Paunesku T, Ke T, Dharmakumar R, Mascheri N, Wu A, Lai B, Vogt S, Maser J, Thurn K, Szolc-Kowalska B, Larson A, Bergan RC, Omary R, Li D, Lu ZR, Woloschak GE. Gadolinium-conjugated TiO2-DNA oligonucleotide nanoconjugates show prolonged intracellular retention period and T1-weighted contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance images. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 4:201-7. [PMID: 18567541 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoconjugates composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, DNA oligonucleotides, and a gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent were synthesized for use in magnetic resonance imaging. Transfection of cultured cancer cells with these nanoconjugates showed them to be superior to the free contrast agent of the same formulation with regard to intracellular accumulation, retention, and subcellular localization. Our results have shown that 48 hours after treatment, the concentration of Gd in nanoconjugate-treated cells was 1000-fold higher than in cells treated with contrast agent alone. Consequently, T1-weighted contrast enhancements were observed in cells treated with nanoconjugates but not in cells treated by the contrast agent alone. This type of nanoconjugate with increased retention time, Gd accumulation, and intracellular delivery may find its use in Gd neutron-capture cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Briley-Saebo KC, Shaw PX, Mulder WJM, Choi SH, Vucic E, Aguinaldo JGS, Witztum JL, Fuster V, Tsimikas S, Fayad ZA. Targeted molecular probes for imaging atherosclerotic lesions with magnetic resonance using antibodies that recognize oxidation-specific epitopes. Circulation 2008; 117:3206-15. [PMID: 18541740 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.757120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized low-density lipoprotein plays a key role in the initiation, progression, and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques and is present in macrophages and the lipid pool. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic lesions in mice using micelles containing gadolinium and murine (MDA2 and E06) or human (IK17) antibodies that bind unique oxidation-specific epitopes. METHODS AND RESULTS MDA2 micelles, E06 micelles, IK17 micelles, nonspecific IgG micelles, and untargeted micelles (no antibody) were prepared and characterized with respect to pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in wild-type and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 9.4 T over a 96-hour time interval after the administration of 0.075-mmol Gd/kg micelles. MDA2, E06, and IK17 micelles exhibited a longer plasma half-life than IgG or untargeted micelles in apoE(-/-) but not wild-type mice. In apoE(-/-) mice, MDA2 and IK17 micelles showed maximal arterial wall uptake at 72 hours and E06 micelles at 96 hours, manifested by 125% to 231% enhancement in magnetic resonance signal compared with adjacent muscle. Confocal microscopy revealed that MDA2, IK17, and E06 micelles accumulated within atherosclerotic lesions and specifically within macrophages. Intravenous injection of free MDA2 before imaging with MDA2 micelles resulted in significantly diminished magnetic resonance signal enhancement. IgG micelles and untargeted micelles showed minimal enhancement in apoE(-/-) mice. There was no significant signal enhancement with all micelles in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance imaging with micelles containing gadolinium and oxidation-specific antibodies demonstrates specific targeting and excellent image quality of oxidation-rich atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Briley-Saebo
- Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Frías JC, Lipinski MJ, Albelda MT, Ibáñez B, Soriano C, García-España E, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Badimon JJ. Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for MRI of Atherosclerotic Lesions. Clin Med Cardiol 2008. [DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Frías
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Joseph Lipinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | | | - Borja Ibáñez
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Conxa Soriano
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José Badimon
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Canet-Soulas E, Letourneur D. Biomarkers of atherosclerosis and the potential of MRI for the diagnosis of vulnerable plaque. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2007; 20:129-42. [PMID: 17605060 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-007-0078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease. As it is an inflammation process, many cellular and molecular events are involved at each step of the progression of atherosclerosis from an early fatty streak lesion to a highly dangerous rupture-prone plaque. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established diagnostic tool for many kinds of chronic inflammation in various systems and organs, and recent improvements in spatial resolution and contrast strategies make it a promising technique for the characterization of inflammatory vessel walls. The first part of this review will briefly introduce the main cellular and molecular processes involved in atherosclerotic lesions; the second part will focus on the use of high-resolution MRI and present-generation contrast agents for plaque characterization; and the third part will present some recent and ongoing cellular and molecular MRI studies of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Canet-Soulas
- Université Lyon 1, ESCPE, Laboratoire CREATIS-LRMN, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U630, Domaine Scientifique de la Doua, 43 Bd 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Amirbekian V, Lipinski MJ, Briley-Saebo KC, Amirbekian S, Aguinaldo JGS, Weinreb DB, Vucic E, Frias JC, Hyafil F, Mani V, Fisher EA, Fayad ZA. Detecting and assessing macrophages in vivo to evaluate atherosclerosis noninvasively using molecular MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:961-6. [PMID: 17215360 PMCID: PMC1766334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606281104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the ability of targeted immunomicelles to detect and assess macrophages in atherosclerotic plaque using MRI in vivo. There is a large clinical need for a noninvasive tool to assess atherosclerosis from a molecular and cellular standpoint. Macrophages play a central role in atherosclerosis and are associated with plaques vulnerable to rupture. Therefore, macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR) was chosen as a target for molecular MRI. MSR-targeted immunomicelles, micelles, and gadolinium-diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were tested in ApoE-/- and WT mice by using in vivo MRI. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy colocalization, macrophage immunostaining and MRI correlation, competitive inhibition, and various other analyses were performed. In vivo MRI revealed that at 24 h postinjection, immunomicelles provided a 79% increase in signal intensity of atherosclerotic aortas in ApoE-/- mice compared with only 34% using untargeted micelles and no enhancement using gadolinium-DTPA. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed colocalization between fluorescent immunomicelles and macrophages in plaques. There was a strong correlation between macrophage content in atherosclerotic plaques and the matched in vivo MRI results as measured by the percent normalized enhancement ratio. Monoclonal antibodies to MSR were able to significantly hinder immunomicelles from providing contrast enhancement of atherosclerotic vessels in vivo. Immunomicelles provided excellent validated in vivo enhancement of atherosclerotic plaques. The enhancement seen is related to the macrophage content of the atherosclerotic vessel areas imaged. Immunomicelles may aid in the detection of high macrophage content associated with plaques vulnerable to rupture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Amirbekian
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- The Sarnoff Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Great Falls, VA 22066
| | - Michael J. Lipinski
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- The Sarnoff Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Great Falls, VA 22066
| | - Karen C. Briley-Saebo
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Smbat Amirbekian
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Juan Gilberto S. Aguinaldo
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - David B. Weinreb
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Esad Vucic
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Juan C. Frias
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Zahi A. Fayad
- *The Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Briley-Saebo KC, Mulder WJM, Mani V, Hyafil F, Amirbekian V, Aguinaldo JGS, Fisher EA, Fayad ZA. Magnetic resonance imaging of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques: Current imaging strategies and molecular imaging probes. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26:460-79. [PMID: 17729343 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vulnerability or destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques has been directly linked to plaque composition. Imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, that allow for evaluation of plaque composition at a cellular and molecular level, could further improve the detection of vulnerable plaque and may allow for monitoring the efficacy of antiatherosclerotic therapies. In this review we focus on MR imaging strategies for the detection and evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques and their composition. We highlight recent advancements in the development of MR pulse sequences, computer image analysis, and the use of commercially available MR contrast agents, such as gadopentic acid (Gd-DTPA), for plaque characterization. We also discuss molecular imaging strategies that are currently being used to design specific imaging probes targeted to biochemical and cellular markers of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Briley-Saebo
- Imaging Science Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|