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He JL, You YX, Pei X, Jiang W, Zeng QM, Chen B, Wang YH, Chen EQ, Tang H, Gao XF, Wu DB. Tracking of Stem Cells in Chronic Liver Diseases: Current Trends and Developments. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:447-454. [PMID: 37993759 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds great promise for future clinical practice for treatment of advanced liver diseases. However, the fate of stem cells after transplantation, including the distribution, viability, and the cell clearance, has not been fully elucidated. Herein, recent advances regarding the imaging tools for stem cells tracking mainly in chronic liver diseases with the advantages and disadvantages of each approach have been described. Magnetic resonance imaging is a promising clinical imaging modality due to non-radioactivity, excellent penetrability, and high spatial resolution. Fluorescence imaging and radionuclide imaging demonstrate relatively increased sensitivity, with the latter excelling in real-time monitoring. Reporter genes specialize in long-term tracing. Nevertheless, the disadvantages of low sensitivity, radiation, exogenous gene risk are inevitably present in each of these means, respectively. In this review, we aim to comprehensively evaluate the current state of methods for tracking of stem cell, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, and providing insights into their future potential. Multimodality imaging strategies may overcome the inherent limitations of single-modality imaging by combining the strengths of different imaging techniques to provide more comprehensive information in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yi-Xian You
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiong Pei
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing-Min Zeng
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Gao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Dong-Bo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Lu CH, Hsiao JK. Diagnostic and therapeutic roles of iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedicine. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 35:11-17. [PMID: 36866343 PMCID: PMC9972926 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_65_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology changed our understanding of physics and chemics and influenced the biomedical field. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are one of the first emerging biomedical applications of nanotechnology. The IONs are composed of iron oxide core exhibiting magnetism and coated with biocompatible molecules. The small size, strong magnetism, and biocompatibility of IONs facilitate the application of IONs in the medical imaging field. We listed several clinical available IONs including Resovist (Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany) and Feridex intravenous (I.V.)/Endorem as magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents for liver tumor detection. We also illustrated GastroMARK as a gastrointestinal contrast agent for MR imaging. Recently, IONs named Feraheme for treating iron-deficiency anemia have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Moreover, tumor ablation by IONs named NanoTherm has also been discussed. In addition to the clinical application, several potential biomedical applications of IONs including cancer-targeting capability by conjugating IONs with cancer-specific ligands, cell trafficking tools, or tumor ablation agents have also been discussed. With the growing awareness of nanotechnology, further application of IONs is still on the horizon that would shed light on biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Jong-Kia Hsiao, Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289, Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail:
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3
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Graphene-Based Materials for Efficient Neurogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1351:43-64. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4923-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Ghanbarei S, Sattarahmady N, Zarghampoor F, Azarpira N, Hossein-Aghdaie M. Effects of labeling human mesenchymal stem cells with superparamagnetic zinc-nickel ferrite nanoparticles on cellular characteristics and adipogenesis/osteogenesis differentiation. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1659-1673. [PMID: 33934256 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An attractive cell source for stem cell-based therapy are WJ-MSCs. Hence, tracking WJ-MSCs using non-invasive imaging procedures (such as MRI) and contrast agents (Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4, NFNPs) are required to evaluate cell distribution, migration, and differentiation. RESULTS Results showed that the bare and dextrin-coated NFNPs were internalized inside the WJ-MSCs and had no effect on the cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, karyotyping, and morphology of WJ-MSCs up to 125 µg/mL. Besides, treated WJ-MSCs were differentiated into osteo/adipocyte-like cells. The expression of RUNX 2, SPP 1 (P < 0.05), and OCN (P > 0.05) genes in the WJ-MSCs treated with dextrin-coated NFNPs was higher than the untreated WJ-MSCs; and the expression of CFD, LPL, and PPAR-γ genes was reduced in WJ-MSCs treated with both NFNPs in comparison with the untreated WJ-MSCs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, results showed that dextrin-coated NFNPs had no adverse effect on the cellular characteristics, proliferation, and differentiation of WJ-MSCs, and suggesting their potential clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaleh Ghanbarei
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.,Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Sattarahmady
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,The Nanobiology and Nanomedicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Zarghampoor
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili St, Mohamad Rasoolalah Research Tower, 7th floor, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili St, Mohamad Rasoolalah Research Tower, 7th floor, Shiraz, Iran.
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5
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Wu MR, Lee CH, Hsiao JK. Bidirectional Enhancement of Cell Proliferation Between Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Choroid Plexus in a Cell-Based Therapy Model of Ischemic Stroke. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9181-9195. [PMID: 33239875 PMCID: PMC7682617 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s278687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke has shown success in experimental settings, but its translation into clinical practice is challenging. The choroid plexus (CP) plays a regulatory role in neural regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote neurogenesis in the ventricular-subventricular zone. However, it is unclear whether MSCs interact with the CP in brain tissue repair. METHODS Rat (r)MSCs were labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) and transduced with red fluorescent protein, and then injected into the brain of rats with ischemic stroke and monitored over time by magnetic resonance imaging. The functional recovery of rats was determined by the corner test score, Modified Neurological Severity score, and stroke volume. MSCs and CP were also co-cultured for 14 days, and the medium was analyzed with a cytokine array. RESULTS In vivo imaging and histologic analysis revealed that ION-labeled MSCs were mainly located at the injection site and migrated to the infarct area and to the CP. Functional recovery was greater in rats treated with MSCs as compared to those that received mock treatment. Bidirectional enhancement of proliferation in MSCs and CP was observed in the co-culture; moreover, MSCs migrated to the CP. Cytokine analysis revealed elevated levels of proliferation- and adhesion-related cytokines and chemokines in the culture medium. Wikipathway predictions indicated that insulin-like growth factor 1/Akt signaling (WP3675), chemokine signaling pathway (WP2292), and spinal cord injury (WP2432) are involved in the increased proliferation and migration of MSCs co-cultured with the CP. CONCLUSION Crosstalk with the CP enhances MSC proliferation and migration in a transwell assay. Moreover, MRI reveals MSC migration towards the CP in an ischemic stroke model. The secreted factors resulting from this interaction have therapeutic potential for promoting functional recovery in the brain after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menq-Rong Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City23142, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City23142, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien97004, Taiwan
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6
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Levy O, Kuai R, Siren EMJ, Bhere D, Milton Y, Nissar N, De Biasio M, Heinelt M, Reeve B, Abdi R, Alturki M, Fallatah M, Almalik A, Alhasan AH, Shah K, Karp JM. Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba6884. [PMID: 32832666 PMCID: PMC7439491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
More than 1050 clinical trials are registered at FDA.gov that explore multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for nearly every clinical application imaginable, including neurodegenerative and cardiac disorders, perianal fistulas, graft-versus-host disease, COVID-19, and cancer. Several companies have or are in the process of commercializing MSC-based therapies. However, most of the clinical-stage MSC therapies have been unable to meet primary efficacy end points. The innate therapeutic functions of MSCs administered to humans are not as robust as demonstrated in preclinical studies, and in general, the translation of cell-based therapy is impaired by a myriad of steps that introduce heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the major clinical challenges with MSC therapies, the details of these challenges, and the potential bioengineering approaches that leverage the unique biology of MSCs to overcome the challenges and achieve more potent and versatile therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Levy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Kuai
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika M. J. Siren
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepak Bhere
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuka Milton
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel Nissar
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael De Biasio
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Heinelt
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brock Reeve
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meshael Alturki
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad Fallatah
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Almalik
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Alhasan
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Shah
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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7
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Wang H, Jiang Q, Shen Y, Zhang L, Haacke EM, Ge Y, Qi S, Hu J. The capability of detecting small vessels beyond the conventional MRI sensitivity using iron-based contrast agent enhanced susceptibility weighted imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4256. [PMID: 32045957 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging brain microvasculature is important in cerebrovascular diseases. However, there is still a lack of non-invasive, non-radiation, and whole-body imaging techniques to investigate them. The aim of this study is to develop an ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) enhanced susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) method for imaging micro-vasculature in both animal (~10 μm in rat) and human brain. We hypothesized that the USPIO-SWI technique could improve the detection sensitivity of the diameter of small subpixel vessels 10-fold compared with conventional MRI methods. Computer simulations were first performed with a double-cylinder digital model to investigate the theoretical basis for this hypothesis. The theoretical results were verified using in vitro phantom studies and in vivo rat MRI studies (n = 6) with corresponding ex vivo histological examinations. Additionally, in vivo human studies (n = 3) were carried out to demonstrate the translational power of the USPIO-SWI method. By directly comparing the small vessel diameters of an in vivo rat using USPIO-SWI with the small vessel diameters of the corresponding histological slide using laser scanning confocal microscopy, 13.3-fold and 19.9-fold increases in SWI apparent diameter were obtained with 5.6 mg Fe/kg and 16.8 mg Fe/kg ferumoxytol, respectively. The USPIO-SWI method exhibited its excellent ability to detect small vessels down to about 10 μm diameter in rat brain. The in vivo human study unveiled hidden arterioles and venules and demonstrated its potential in clinical practice. Theoretical modeling simulations and in vitro phantom studies also confirmed a more than 10-fold increase in the USPIO-SWI apparent diameter compared with the actual small vessel diameter size. It is feasible to use SWI blooming effects induced by USPIO to detect small vessels (down to 10 μm in diameter for rat brain), well beyond the spatial resolution limit of conventional MRI methods. The USPIO-SWI method demonstrates higher potential in cerebrovascular disease investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yimin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yulin Ge
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Shouliang Qi
- The Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School of Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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8
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Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz S, Pashaiasl M, Khodadadi K, Ocheje O. Application of nanomaterials in three-dimensional stem cell culture. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18550-18558. [PMID: 31364198 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Petri dish cultured cells have for long provided scientists an aperture to understanding cell's behavior both in normal and disease states as well as in vitro and in vivo. But recent advances have brought to light how the architecture and composite nature of the immediate environment within which the cell is proliferated can profoundly influence its phenotypic features and functions, thus making obvious, limitations of the conventional two-dimensional cell culture despite it cost effectiveness. Fortunately, the transition to three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has occurred concurrently with expanded knowledge of nanoscience and materials, thereby lending significant impetus for innovative research. This review is focused on the application of nanoparticles in 3D stem cell breeding, recent trends and developments in medical sciences for improved drug delivery, and treatment approaches to some human diseases. We also reviewed prevailing challenges and concerns of nanotoxicity as it continues to impede and delay clinical applications as well the ongoing concerted and multidisciplinary efforts to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Pashaiasl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khodadad Khodadadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Onuche Ocheje
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Ahn YJ, Kong TH, Choi JS, Yun WS, Key J, Seo YJ. Strategies to enhance efficacy of SPION-labeled stem cell homing by magnetic attraction: a systemic review with meta-analysis. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4849-4866. [PMID: 31308662 PMCID: PMC6613362 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s204910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells possess a promising potential in the clinical field. The application and effective delivery of stem cells to the desired target organ or site of injury plays an important role. This review describes strategies on understanding the effective delivery of stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) using an external magnet to enhance stem cell migration in vivo and in vitro. Fourteen total publications among 174 articles were selected. Stem cell type, SPION characteristics, labeling time, and magnetic force in vivo are considered important factors affecting the effective delivery of stem cells to the homing site. Most papers reported that the efficiency was increased when magnet is applied compared to those without. Ten studies analyzed the homing competency of SPION-labeled MSCs in vitro by observing the migration of the cell toward the external magnet. In cell-based experiments, the mechanism of magnetic attraction, the kind of nanoparticles, and various stem cells were studied well. Meta-analysis has shown the mean size of nanoparticles and degree of recovery or regeneration of damaged target organs upon in vivo studies. This strategy may provide a guideline for designing studies involving stem cell homing and further expand stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Ahn
- Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kong
- Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jin Sil Choi
- Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Wan Su Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jaehong Key
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Young Joon Seo
- Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
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10
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Ullah M, Liu DD, Thakor AS. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Homing: Mechanisms and Strategies for Improvement. iScience 2019; 15:421-438. [PMID: 31121468 PMCID: PMC6529790 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated for their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, owing to their ability to home damaged tissue and serve as a reservoir of growth factors and regenerative molecules. As such, clinical applications of MSCs are reliant on these cells successfully migrating to the desired tissue following their administration. Unfortunately, MSC homing is inefficient, with only a small percentage of cells reaching the target tissue following systemic administration. This attrition represents a major bottleneck in realizing the full therapeutic potential of MSC-based therapies. Accordingly, a variety of strategies have been employed in the hope of improving this process. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC homing, based on a multistep model involving (1) initial tethering by selectins, (2) activation by cytokines, (3) arrest by integrins, (4) diapedesis or transmigration using matrix remodelers, and (5) extravascular migration toward chemokine gradients. We then review the various strategies that have been investigated for improving MSC homing, including genetic modification, cell surface engineering, in vitro priming of MSCs, and in particular, ultrasound techniques, which have recently gained significant interest. Contextualizing these strategies within the multistep homing model emphasizes that our ability to optimize this process hinges on our understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Moving forward, it is only with a combined effort of basic biology and translational work that the potential of MSC-based therapies can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Ullah
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Daniel D Liu
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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11
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Vorobyova S, Rzheussky S. Nanoprticles of metals and their inorganic compounds obtained through interphase and redox-transmetalation interaction: application in medicine and pharmacology. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of nanoparticles of metals and their compounds with given morphology and dispersity for use in medicine, pharmacology, microelectronics, as well as subsequent research of their properties, is one of the current problems in the field of preparative inorganic chemistry. Interphase synthesis and redox-transmetalation reduction are as promising as the traditional precipitation from aqueous solutions, but not as researched. This study presents the results of a physicochemical analysis of nanoparticles of metals and their compounds obtained through chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions, interphase and redox-transmetalation interaction. Data describing the influence of phase composition and dispersity of copper and copper oxide (II) nanoparticles on their antimicrobial properties, as well as the results of researching the possibility to use magnetite magnetic fluids for mesenchymal stem cells marking, illustrate the application options synthe-sized nanoparticles find in pharmacology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Vorobyova
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - S.E. Rzheussky
- Vitebsk State Order Of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus
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12
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Rosenberg JT, Yuan X, Helsper SN, Bagdasarian FA, Ma T, Grant SC. Effects of labeling human mesenchymal stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxides on cellular functions and magnetic resonance contrast in hypoxic environments and long-term monitoring. Brain Circ 2018; 4:133-138. [PMID: 30450421 PMCID: PMC6187941 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_18_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia, which involves decreased blood flow to a region and a corresponding deprivation of oxygen and nutrients, can be induced as a consequence of stroke or heart attack. A prevalent disease that affects many individuals worldwide, ischemic stroke results in functional and cognitive impairments, as neural cells in the brain receive inadequate nourishment and encounter inflammation and various other detrimental toxic factors that lead to their death. Given the scarce treatments for this disease in the clinic such as the administration of tissue plasminogen activator, which is only effective in a limited time window after the occurrence of stroke, it will be necessary to develop new strategies to ameliorate or prevent stroke-induced brain damage. Cell-based therapies appear to be a promising solution for treating ischemic stroke and many other ischemia-associated and neurodegenerative maladies. Particularly, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are of interest for cell transplantation in stroke, given their multipotency, accessibility, and reparative abilities. To determine the fate and survival of hMSC, which will be imperative for successful transplantation therapies, these cells may be monitored using magnetic resonance imaging and transfected with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), a contrast agent that facilitates the detection of these hMSCs. This review encompasses pertinent research and findings to reveal the effects of SPIO on hMSC functions in the context of transplantation in ischemic environments and over extended time periods. This paper is a review article. Referred literature in this paper has been listed in the references section. The data sets supporting the conclusions of this article are available online by searching various databases, including PubMed. Some original points in this article come from the laboratory practice in our research center and the authors' experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens T Rosenberg
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CIMAR, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Shannon N Helsper
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CIMAR, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - F Andrew Bagdasarian
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CIMAR, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Samuel C Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CIMAR, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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13
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Korpi RM, Alestalo K, Ruuska T, Lammentausta E, Borra R, Yannopoulos F, Lehtonen S, Korpi JT, Lappi-Blanco E, Anttila V, Lehenkari P, Juvonen T, Blanco Sequieros R. Two novel direct SPIO labels and in vivo MRI detection of labeled cells after acute myocardial infarct. Acta Radiol Open 2017; 6:2058460117718407. [PMID: 28811932 PMCID: PMC5544151 DOI: 10.1177/2058460117718407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cellular decay due hypoxia requires rapid and validated methods for possible therapeutic cell transplantation. PURPOSE To develop direct and rapid superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) cell label for a large-animal model and to assess in vivo cell targeting by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an experimental AMI model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) were labeled with SPIO particles using two novel direct labeling methods (rotating incubation method and electroporation). Labeling, iron incorporation in cells and label distribution, cellular viability, and proliferation were validated in vitro. An AMI porcine model was used to evaluate the direct labeling method (rotating incubation method) by examining targeting of labeled BMMNCs using MRI and histology. RESULTS Labeling (1 h) did not alter either cellular differentiation potential or viability of cells in vitro. Cellular relaxation values at 9.4 T correlated with label concentration and MRI at 1.5 T showing 89 ± 4% signal reduction compared with non-labeled cells in vitro. In vivo, a high spatial correlation between MRI and histology was observed. The extent of macroscopic pathological myocardial changes (hemorrhage) correlated with altered function detected on MRI. CONCLUSION We demonstrated two novel direct SPIO labeling methods and demonstrated the feasibility of clinical MRI for monitoring targeting of the labeled cells in animal models of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka M Korpi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Alestalo
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Ruuska
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eveliina Lammentausta
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ronald Borra
- Medical Imaging Center of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Findland
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fredrik Yannopoulos
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Siri Lehtonen
- MRC Oulu and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarkko T Korpi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Anttila
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tatu Juvonen
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberto Blanco Sequieros
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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14
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Lu CW, Hsiao JK, Liu HM, Wu CH. Characterization of an iron oxide nanoparticle labelling and MRI-based protocol for inducing human mesenchymal stem cells into neural-like cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3587. [PMID: 28620162 PMCID: PMC5472606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to develop an iron oxide nanoparticle (ION) labelling and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based protocol to allow visualization of the differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neural-like cells (NCs) in vitro. Ferucarbotran, a clinically available ION, which can be visualized under MRI, is used for tracking cells implanted in vivo. The NCs were verified morphologically and histologically by light microscopy, and their functions were verified by measuring their action potentials. Conformational conversion of axon-like structures was observed under light microscopy. These NCs exhibited frequent, active action potentials compared with cells that did not undergo neural differentiation. The labelling of ION had no influence on the morphological and functional differentiation capacity of the MSCs. We conclude that the MSCs that were differentiated into NCs exhibited in vitro activity potential firing and may be used to replace damaged neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wen Lu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 10677, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei TzuChi Hospital, The Buddhist TzuChi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei TzuChi Hospital, The Buddhist TzuChi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Man Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hsin Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 10677, Taiwan.
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15
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Pohland M, Glumm R, Wiekhorst F, Kiwit J, Glumm J. Biocompatibility of very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in murine organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and the role of microglia. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1577-1591. [PMID: 28280327 PMCID: PMC5339010 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s127206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) are applied as contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and treatment of neurologic diseases despite the fact that important information concerning their local interactions is still lacking. Due to their small size, SPIO have great potential for magnetically labeling different cell populations, facilitating their MRI tracking in vivo. Before SPIO are applied, however, their effect on cell viability and tissue homoeostasis should be studied thoroughly. We have previously published data showing how citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP) affect primary microglia and neuron cell cultures as well as neuron-glia cocultures. To extend our knowledge of VSOP interactions on the three-dimensional multicellular level, we further examined the influence of two types of coated VSOP (R1 and R2) on murine organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Our data show that 1) VSOP can penetrate deep tissue layers, 2) long-term VSOP-R2 treatment alters cell viability within the dentate gyrus, 3) during short-term incubation VSOP-R1 and VSOP-R2 comparably modify hippocampal cell viability, 4) VSOP treatment does not affect cytokine homeostasis, 5) microglial depletion decreases VSOP uptake, and 6) microglial depletion plus VSOP treatment increases hippocampal cell death during short-term incubation. These results are in line with our previous findings in cell coculture experiments regarding microglial protection of neurite branching. Thus, we have not only clarified the interaction between VSOP, slice culture, and microglia to a degree but also demonstrated that our model is a promising approach for screening nanoparticles to exclude potential cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pohland
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Robert Glumm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Clinic of Neurology, Jüdisches Krankenhaus
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Department 8.2 Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
| | - Jürgen Kiwit
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Glumm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Clinic of Neurosurgery, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Mishra SK, Khushu S, Gangenahalli G. Biological effects of iron oxide-protamine sulfate complex on mesenchymal stem cells and its relaxometry based labeling optimization for cellular MRI. Exp Cell Res 2016; 351:59-67. [PMID: 28040490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are frequently used as a therapeutic, but reliable imaging technique to longitudinally evaluate the engraftment of transplanted cells is inadequate. For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is essential to understand the technical competence of in vitro stem cells labeling with iron oxide with regard to its relaxation behavior and significance of its biological expressions. The purpose of the study was to optimize the effective labeling of MSCs with high transverse relaxivity iron oxide contrast agent with protamine sulfate and also evaluate the biological effects (phenotype and function) of labeled MSCs. Our results demonstrated that 50:3µg/ml of Fe-Pro complex containing 10% serum at an incubation time of 6h were ideal for effective in vitro labeling. Relaxometry study demonstrated that almost an 8-fold increase in relaxation rate (R2) was observed in labeled MSCs by comparing with unlabeled. Marginal alteration in Oct4 and CD146 genes, and phenotypic CD45 expressions were detected after labeling. T2-weighted images and histological analysis confirmed the homing of transplanted cells to the site of injury. The relaxometry based optimized labeling method of MSCs could be extrapolated for cellular MRI and may be useful in stem cell tracking in various pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Kumar Mishra
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi-54, India; Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi-54, India
| | - Subash Khushu
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi-54, India.
| | - Gurudutta Gangenahalli
- Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi-54, India.
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17
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Rosenberg JT, Yuan X, Grant S, Ma T. Tracking mesenchymal stem cells using magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Circ 2016; 2:108-113. [PMID: 30276283 PMCID: PMC6126273 DOI: 10.4103/2394-8108.192521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent translational studies in the fields of tissue regeneration and cell therapy have characterized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a potentially effective and accessible measure for treating ischemic cerebral and neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Developing more efficient cell tracking techniques bear the potential to optimize MSC transplantation therapies by providing a more accurate picture of the fate and area of effect of implanted cells. Currently, determining the location of transplanted MSCs involves a histological approach, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents a noninvasive paradigm that permits repeat evaluations. To visualize MSCs using MRI, the implanted cells must be treated with an intracellular contrast agent. These are commonly paramagnetic compounds, many of which are based on superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. Recent research has set out characterize the effects of SPIO-uptake on the cellular activity of in vitro human MSCs and the resultant influence that respective SPIO concentration has on MRI sensitivity. As these studies reveal, SPIO-uptake has no effect on the cellular processes of proliferation and differentiation while producing high contrast MRI signals. Moreover, transplantation of SPIO-labeled MSCs in animal models encouragingly showed no loss in MRI contrast, suggesting that SPIO labeling may be an appealing regime for lasting MRI detection. This study is a review article. Referred literature in this study has been listed in the reference part. The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available online by searching the PubMed. Some original points in this article come from the laboratory practice in our research centers and the authors’ experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens T Rosenberg
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.,The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Samuel Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.,The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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18
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Tay ZW, Goodwill PW, Hensley DW, Taylor LA, Zheng B, Conolly SM. A High-Throughput, Arbitrary-Waveform, MPI Spectrometer and Relaxometer for Comprehensive Magnetic Particle Optimization and Characterization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34180. [PMID: 27686629 PMCID: PMC5043240 DOI: 10.1038/srep34180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a promising new tracer modality with zero attenuation deep in tissue, high contrast and sensitivity, and an excellent safety profile. However, the spatial resolution of MPI is limited to around 1 mm currently and urgently needs to be improved for clinical applications such as angiography and brain perfusion. Although MPI resolution is highly dependent on tracer characteristics and the drive waveforms, optimization is limited to a small subset of possible excitation strategies by current MPI hardware that only does sinusoidal drive waveforms at very few frequencies. To enable a more comprehensive and rapid optimization of drive waveforms for multiple metrics like resolution and signal strength simultaneously, we demonstrate the first untuned MPI spectrometer/relaxometer with unprecedented 400 kHz excitation bandwidth and capable of high-throughput acquisition of harmonic spectra (100 different drive-field frequencies in only 500 ms). It is also capable of arbitrary drive-field waveforms which have not been experimentally evaluated in MPI to date. Its high-throughput capability, frequency-agility and tabletop size makes this Arbitrary Waveform Relaxometer/Spectrometer (AWR) a convenient yet powerfully flexible tool for nanoparticle experts seeking to characterize magnetic particles and optimize MPI drive waveforms for in vitro biosensing and in vivo imaging with MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Tay
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick W. Goodwill
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Magnetic Insight, Inc. 980 Atlantic Avenue Suite102 Alameda, CA 9450, USA
| | - Daniel W. Hensley
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Laura A. Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steven M. Conolly
- Department of Bioengineering, 340 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 253 Cory Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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19
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Li K, Gordon AC, Zheng L, Li W, Guo Y, Sun J, Zhang G, Han G, Larson AC, Zhang Z. Clinically applicable magnetic-labeling of natural killer cells for MRI of transcatheter delivery to liver tumors: preclinical validation for clinical translation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1761-74. [PMID: 26080698 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To test the hypothesis that MRI can monitor intraportal vein (IPV) transcatheter delivery of clinically applicable heparin-protamine-ferumoxytol (HPF) nanocomplex-labeled natural killer (NK) cells to liver tumor. MATERIALS & METHODS Liver tumor rat models underwent catheterization for IPV infusion of HPF-labeled NK cells (NK-92MI cell line). MRI measurements within tumor and adjacent liver tissues were compared pre- and post-NK cell infusion. Histology studies were used to identify NK cells in the target tumors. RESULTS For first time, we demonstrated that MRI tracks HPF-labeled NK cells migration within liver following IPV delivery. CONCLUSION IPV transcatheter infusion permitted selective delivery of NK cells to liver tissues and MRI allowed tracking NK cell biodistributions within the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangan Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China.,Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 675 N St Clair, 21st Floor, Suite 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew C Gordon
- Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Linfeng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China.,Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 675 N St Clair, 21st Floor, Suite 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Weiguo Li
- Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yang Guo
- Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Guohong Han
- Department of Liver Disease & Digestive Interventional Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Andrew C Larson
- Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 675 N St Clair, 21st Floor, Suite 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 675 N St Clair, 21st Floor, Suite 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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20
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Ariza de Schellenberger A, Kratz H, Farr TD, Löwa N, Hauptmann R, Wagner S, Taupitz M, Schnorr J, Schellenberger EA. Labeling of mesenchymal stem cells for MRI with single-cell sensitivity. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1517-35. [PMID: 27110112 PMCID: PMC4835118 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive cell detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for the development of cell therapies. However, clinically approved contrast agents that allow single-cell detection are currently not available. Therefore, we compared very small iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOP) and new multicore carboxymethyl dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (multicore particles, MCP) designed by our department for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) with discontinued Resovist® regarding their suitability for detection of single mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by MRI. We achieved an average intracellular nanoparticle (NP) load of >10 pg Fe per cell without the use of transfection agents. NP loading did not lead to significantly different results in proliferation, colony formation, and multilineage in vitro differentiation assays in comparison to controls. MRI allowed single-cell detection using VSOP, MCP, and Resovist® in conjunction with high-resolution T2*-weighted imaging at 7 T with postprocessing of phase images in agarose cell phantoms and in vivo after delivery of 2,000 NP-labeled MSC into mouse brains via the left carotid artery. With optimized labeling conditions, a detection rate of ~45% was achieved; however, the experiments were limited by nonhomogeneous NP loading of the MSC population. Attempts should be made to achieve better cell separation for homogeneous NP loading and to thus improve NP-uptake-dependent biocompatibility studies and cell detection by MRI and future MPI. Additionally, using a 7 T MR imager equipped with a cryocoil resulted in approximately two times higher detection. In conclusion, we established labeling conditions for new high-relaxivity MCP, VSOP, and Resovist® for improved MRI of MSC with single-cell sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harald Kratz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tracy D Farr
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Norbert Löwa
- Department of Biomagnetic Signals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Hauptmann
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wagner
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eyk A Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Spira D, Bantleon R, Wolburg H, Schick F, Groezinger G, Wiskirchen J, Wiesinger B. Labeling Human Melanoma Cells With SPIO: In Vitro Observations. Mol Imaging 2016; 15:15/0/1536012115624915. [PMID: 27030399 PMCID: PMC5469517 DOI: 10.1177/1536012115624915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To use the superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent Resovist (±transfection agent) to label human melanoma cells and determine its effects on cellular viability, microstructure, iron quantity, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detectability. Materials and Methods: Human SK-Mel28 melanoma cells were incubated with Resovist (±liposomal transfection agent DOSPER). The cellular iron content was measured, and labeled cells were examined at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. The intracellular and extracellular distributions of the contrast agent were assessed by light and electron microscopy. Results: The incubation of melanoma cells with SPIO does not interfere with cell viability or proliferation. The iron is located both intracellularly and extracellularly as iron clusters associated with the exterior of the cell membrane. Despite thorough washing, the extracellular SPIO remained associated with the cell membrane. The liposomal transfection agent does not change the maximum achievable cellular iron content but promotes a faster iron uptake. The MRI detectability persists for at least 7 days. Conclusion: The transfection agent DOSPER facilitates the efficient labeling of human metastatic melanoma cells with Resovist. Our findings raise the possibility that other Resovist-labeled cells may collect associated extracellular nanoparticles. The SPIO may be available to other iron-handling cells and not completely compartmentalized during the labeling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spira
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Rüdiger Bantleon
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Groezinger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakub Wiskirchen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld, Kiskerstraße 26, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wiesinger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Zheng B, von See MP, Yu E, Gunel B, Lu K, Vazin T, Schaffer DV, Goodwill PW, Conolly SM. Quantitative Magnetic Particle Imaging Monitors the Transplantation, Biodistribution, and Clearance of Stem Cells In Vivo. Theranostics 2016; 6:291-301. [PMID: 26909106 PMCID: PMC4737718 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have enormous potential for treating many debilitating diseases, including heart failure, stroke and traumatic brain injury. For maximal efficacy, these therapies require targeted cell delivery to specific tissues followed by successful cell engraftment. However, targeted delivery remains an open challenge. As one example, it is common for intravenous deliveries of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to become entrapped in lung microvasculature instead of the target tissue. Hence, a robust, quantitative imaging method would be essential for developing efficacious cell therapies. Here we show that Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), a novel technique that directly images iron-oxide nanoparticle-tagged cells, can longitudinally monitor and quantify MSC administration in vivo. MPI offers near-ideal image contrast, depth penetration, and robustness; these properties make MPI both ultra-sensitive and linearly quantitative. Here, we imaged, for the first time, the dynamic trafficking of intravenous MSC administrations using MPI. Our results indicate that labeled MSC injections are immediately entrapped in lung tissue and then clear to the liver within one day, whereas standard iron oxide particle (Resovist) injections are immediately taken up by liver and spleen. Longitudinal MPI-CT imaging also indicated a clearance half-life of MSC iron oxide labels in the liver at 4.6 days. Finally, our ex vivo MPI biodistribution measurements of iron in liver, spleen, heart, and lungs after injection showed excellent agreement (R2 = 0.943) with measurements from induction coupled plasma spectrometry. These results demonstrate that MPI offers strong utility for noninvasively imaging and quantifying the systemic distribution of cell therapies and other therapeutic agents.
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Stem Cell Tracking with Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine Purposes: An Overview. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:7920358. [PMID: 26839568 PMCID: PMC4709786 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7920358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and noninvasive stem cell tracking is one of the most important needs in regenerative medicine to determine both stem cell destinations and final differentiation fates, thus allowing a more detailed picture of the mechanisms involved in these therapies.
Given the great importance and advances in the field of nanotechnology for stem cell imaging, currently, several nanoparticles have become standardized products and have been undergoing fast commercialization. This review has been intended to summarize the current use of different engineered nanoparticles in stem cell tracking for regenerative medicine purposes, in particular by detailing their main features and exploring their biosafety aspects, the first step for clinical application. Moreover, this review has summarized the advantages and applications of stem cell tracking with nanoparticles in experimental and preclinical studies and investigated present limitations for their employment in the clinical setting.
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Qi Y, Yang Z, Ding Q, Zhao T, Huang Z, Feng G. Targeted transplantation of iron oxide-labeled, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in promoting meniscus regeneration following a rabbit massive meniscal defect. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:458-466. [PMID: 26893631 PMCID: PMC4734176 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of a massive meniscal defect remains a challenge in the clinic. However, targeted magnetic cell delivery, an emerging technique, may be useful in its treatment. The present study aimed to determine the effect of targeted intra-articular injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in a rabbit model of a massive meniscal defect. ASCs may be directly labeled and almost 100% of the ASCs were labeled with SPIO after 24 h; these SPIO-labeled ASCs may be orientated by magnet. The centrifuged SPIO-labeled ASCs precipitations may be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The anterior half of the medial meniscus of 18 New Zealand Rabbits was excised. After 7 days, the rabbits were randomized to injections of 2×106 SPIO-labeled ASCs, 2×106 unlabeled ASCs or saline. Permanent magnets were fixed to the outside of the operated joints for one day, and after 6 and 12 weeks, the knee joints were examined using MRI, gross and histological observation, and Prussian blue staining. Marked hypointense artifacts caused by SPIO-positive cells in the meniscus were detected using MRI. Histological observation revealed that the anterior portion of the meniscus was similar to the native tissue, demonstrating typical fibrochondrocytes surrounded by richer extracellular matrix in the SPIO-ASCs group. Collagen-rich matrix bridging the interface and the neo-meniscus integrated well with its host meniscus. Furthermore, degenerative changes occurred in all groups, but intra-articular injection of SPIO-ASCs or ASCs alleviated these degenerative changes. Prussian blue staining indicated that the implanted ASCs were directly associated with the regenerated tissue. Overall, targeted intra-articular delivery of SPIO-ASCs promoted meniscal regeneration whilst providing protective effects from osteoarthritic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhigao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qianhai Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhongming Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Hu C, Xia T, Gong Y, Wang X, Liu RQ, Zhang QY, Yi CF, Xu ZS, Guo DZ. Emulsifier-free emulsion polymerized poly(MMA-HEMA-Eu(AA)3Phen)/Fe3O4 magnetic fluorescent bifunctional nanospheres for magnetic resonance and optical imaging. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Potential stem cell labeling ability of poly-L-lysine complexed to ultrasmall iron oxide contrast agent: An optimization and relaxometry study. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:427-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Lee J, Choi KJ, Choi Y, Ali BA, Al-Khedhairy AA, Kim S. Sperm DNA-mediated reduction of nonspecific fluorescence during cellular imaging with quantum dots. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11584-11586. [PMID: 26096719 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04503g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmon sperm DNA was used as a blocking agent to reduce background fluorescence signals from gelatin-coated cell culture dishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 270-701, Republic of Korea.
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ju Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Bahy A Ali
- Al-Jeraisy DNA Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nucleic Acids Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | | | - Soonhag Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 270-701, Republic of Korea.
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Republic of Korea
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Scharf A, Holmes S, Thoresen M, Mumaw J, Stumpf A, Peroni J. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a means to track mesenchymal stem cells in a large animal model of tendon injury. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 10:388-97. [PMID: 26033748 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish an SPIO-based cell-tracking method in an ovine model of tendonitis and to determine if this method may be useful for further study of cellular therapies in tendonitis in vivo. Functional assays were performed on labeled and unlabeled cells to ensure that no significant changes were induced by intracellular SPIOs. Following biosafety validation, tendon lesions were mechanically (n = 4) or chemically (n = 4) induced in four sheep and scanned ex vivo at 7 and 14 days to determine the presence and distribution of intralesional cells. Ovine MSCs labeled with 50 µg SPIOs/mL remained viable, proliferate, and undergo tri-lineage differentiation (p < 0.05). Labeled ovine MSCs remained detectable in vitro in concentrated cell numbers as low as 10 000 and in volumetric distributions as low as 100 000 cells/mL. Cells remained detectable by MRI at 7 days, as confirmed by correlative histology for dually labeled SPIO+/GFP+ cells. Histological evidence at 14 days suggested that SPIO particles remained embedded in tissue, providing MRI signal, although cells were no longer present. SPIO labeling has proven to be an effective method for cell tracking for a large animal model of tendon injury for up to 7 days post-injection. The data obtained in this study justify further investigation into the effects of MSC survival and migration on overall tendon healing and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Scharf
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, H-322, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shannon Holmes
- Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Merrilee Thoresen
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, H-322, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jennifer Mumaw
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, H-322, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Alaina Stumpf
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, H-322, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - John Peroni
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, H-322, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Supokawej A, Nimsanor N, Sanvoranart T, Kaewsaneha C, Hongeng S, Tangboriboonrat P, Jangpatarapongsa K. Mesenchymal stem cell in vitro labeling by hybrid fluorescent magnetic polymeric particles for application in cell tracking. Med Mol Morphol 2015; 48:204-13. [PMID: 25893425 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-015-0102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell that contains multi-differentiation and proliferative properties and that shows high treatment implications for many clinical problems. The outcome of stem cell transplantation is still limited due to many factors, especially their survival and their interaction with the microenvironment after transplantation. Molecular imaging is a challenging technique that has been used to overcome this limitation and is based on the concept of labeling cells with tractable, visible, and non-toxic materials to track the cells after transplantation. In this study, magnetic polymeric nanoparticles (MPNPs) were used to directly label Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs). After labeling, the growth rate and the viability of the MSCs as well as the time of exposure were determined. The 3D images of WJ-MSCs labeled with MPNPs for 24 h were created using confocal microscopy. The results showed that, after incubation with fluorescent MPNPs for over 8 h, the growth rate and cell viability of the WJ-MSCs was similar to those of the control. Three-dimensional imaging revealed that the fluorescent MPNPs could infiltrate into the cells and spread into the cytoplasm, which suggests that the synthesized fluorescent MPNPs could possibly label MSCs for cell tracking study and be further developed for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Natakarn Nimsanor
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Tanwarat Sanvoranart
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Chariya Kaewsaneha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Pramuan Tangboriboonrat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kulachart Jangpatarapongsa
- Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Watada Y, Yamashita D, Toyoda M, Tsuchiya K, Hida N, Tanimoto A, Ogawa K, Kanzaki S, Umezawa A. Magnetic resonance monitoring of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled stem cells transplanted into the inner ear. Neurosci Res 2015; 95:21-6. [PMID: 25645157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, cell transplantation or cell-based therapies for inner ear defects are considered to be promising candidates for a therapeutic strategy. In this paper, we report on a study that examined the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor stem cells transplanted into the cochlea labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), a contrast agent commonly used with MRI. First, we demonstrated in vitro that stem cells efficiently took up SPIO particles. This was confirmed by Prussian blue staining and TEM. In MRI studies, T2 relaxation times of SPIO-labeled cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we transplanted SPIO-labeled cells directly into the cochlea in vivo and then performed MRI 1h, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after transplantation. The images were evaluated objectively by measuring signal intensity (SI). SI within the ears receiving transplants was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of control sides at the 1-h assessment. This novel method will be helpful for evaluating stem cell therapies, which represents a new strategy for inner ear regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that local transplantation of labeled stem cells into the inner ear can be visualized in vivo via MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Watada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Research Team for Vascular Medicine, Tokyo, Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuchiya
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hida
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Research Team for Vascular Medicine, Tokyo, Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Kanzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Rescignano N, González-Alfaro Y, Fantechi E, Mannini M, Innocenti C, Ruiz-Hitzky E, Kenny J, Armentano I. Design, development and characterization of a nanomagnetic system based on iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulated in PLLA-nanospheres. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diwoky C, Liebmann D, Neumayer B, Reinisch A, Knoll F, Strunk D, Stollberger R. Positive contrast of SPIO-labeled cells by off-resonant reconstruction of 3D radial half-echo bSSFP. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:79-88. [PMID: 25379657 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a new acquisition and reconstruction concept for positive contrast imaging of cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs). Overcoming the limitations of a negative contrast representation as gained with gradient echo and fully balanced steady state (bSSFP), the proposed method delivers a spatially localized contrast with high cellular sensitivity not accomplished by other positive contrast methods. Employing a 3D radial bSSFP pulse sequence with half-echo sampling, positive cellular contrast is gained by adding artificial global frequency offsets to each half-echo before image reconstruction. The new contrast regime is highlighted with numerical intravoxel simulations including the point-spread function for 3D half-echo acquisitions. Furthermore, the new method is validated on the basis of in vitro cell phantom measurements on a clinical MRI platform, where the measured contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the new approach exceeds even the negative contrast of bSSFP. Finally, an in vivo proof of principle study based on a mouse model with a clear depiction of labeled cells within a subcutaneous cell islet containing a cell density as low as 7 cells/mm(3) is presented. The resultant isotropic images show robustness to motion and a high CNR, in addition to an enhanced specificity due to the positive contrast of SPIO-labeled cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Diwoky
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Shang W, Zhang X, Zhang M, Fan Z, Sun Y, Han M, Fan L. The uptake mechanism and biocompatibility of graphene quantum dots with human neural stem cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:5799-806. [PMID: 24740121 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellular imaging after transplantation may provide important information to determine the efficacy of stem cell therapy. We have reported that graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a type of robust biological labeling agent for stem cells that demonstrate little cytotoxicity. In this study, we examined the interactions of GQDs on human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with the aim to investigate the uptake and biocompatibility of GQDs. We examined the mechanism of GQD uptake by hNSCs and investigated the effects of GQDs on the proliferation, metabolic activity, and differentiation potential of hNSCs. This information is critical to assess the suitability of GQDs for stem cell tracking. Our results indicated that GQDs were taken up into hNSCs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via the endocytosis mechanism. Furthermore, no significant change was found in the viability, proliferation, metabolic activity, and differentiation potential of hNSCs after treatment with GQDs. Thus, these data open a promising avenue for labeling stem cells with GQDs and also offer a potential opportunity to develop GQDs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihu Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Reparative effects of neural stem cells in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic injury are not influenced by host sex. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:603-11. [PMID: 24463490 PMCID: PMC4404035 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender is increasingly recognized as an important influence on brain development, disease susceptibility, and response to pharmacologic/rehabilitative treatments. In regenerative medicine, it remains entirely unknown whether there is an interaction between transplanted stem cells and host gender that might bias efficacy and safety in some patients but not others. METHODS We examined the role of recipient gender in a neonatal rat hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) model, treated with female human neuronal stem cells (hNSCs), labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles implanted into the contralateral cerebral ventricle. We monitored HII evolution (by magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, behavioral testing) and hNSC fate (migration, replication, viability). RESULTS Recipient gender after implantation did not influence the volume or location of ischemic injury (1, 30, or 90 d) or behavior (90 d). Superparamagnetic iron oxide labeling did not influence HII evolution. Implantation had its greatest benefit on mild/moderate injuries, which remained stable rather than increasing as in severe HII as is the natural history for such lesions. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that hNSC treatment (including using hNSCs that are prelabeled with iron to allow tracking in real time by magnetic resonance imaging) would be equally safe and effective for male and female human newborns with mild-to-moderate HII.
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Bull E, Madani SY, Sheth R, Seifalian A, Green M, Seifalian AM. Stem cell tracking using iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1641-53. [PMID: 24729700 PMCID: PMC3976208 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s48979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are an exciting advancement in the field of nanotechnology. They expand the possibilities of noninvasive analysis and have many useful properties, making them potential candidates for numerous novel applications. Notably, they have been shown that they can be tracked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and are capable of conjugation with various cell types, including stem cells. In-depth research has been undertaken to establish these benefits, so that a deeper level of understanding of stem cell migratory pathways and differentiation, tumor migration, and improved drug delivery can be achieved. Stem cells have the ability to treat and cure many debilitating diseases with limited side effects, but a main problem that arises is in the noninvasive tracking and analysis of these stem cells. Recently, researchers have acknowledged the use of SPIONs for this purpose and have set out to establish suitable protocols for coating and attachment, so as to bring MRI tracking of SPION-labeled stem cells into common practice. This review paper explains the manner in which SPIONs are produced, conjugated, and tracked using MRI, as well as a discussion on their limitations. A concise summary of recently researched magnetic particle coatings is provided, and the effects of SPIONs on stem cells are evaluated, while animal and human studies investigating the role of SPIONs in stem cell tracking will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bull
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London
| | - Seyed Yazdan Madani
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London
| | - Roosey Sheth
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London
| | - Amelia Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand Campus, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London ; Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
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Santo VE, Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME. Contributions and future perspectives on the use of magnetic nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the field of regenerative medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 13:553-66. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2013.819169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Babič M, Horák D, Lukash LL, Ruban TA, Kolomiets YN, Shpylova SP, Grypych OA. Influence of surface-modified maghemite nanoparticles on in vitro survival of human stem cells. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1732-7. [PMID: 25383284 PMCID: PMC4222378 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface-modified maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were obtained by using a conventional precipitation method and coated with D-mannose and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide). Both the initial and the modified particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering with regard to morphology, particle size and polydispersity. In vitro survival of human stem cells was then investigated by using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, which showed that D-mannose- and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-coated γ-Fe2O3 particles exhibit much lower level of cytotoxicity than the non-coated γ-Fe2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Babič
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lyubov L Lukash
- Department of Human Genetics of Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo 150, 03143 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana A Ruban
- Department of Human Genetics of Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo 150, 03143 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yurii N Kolomiets
- Department of Human Genetics of Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo 150, 03143 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana P Shpylova
- Department of Human Genetics of Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo 150, 03143 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Oksana A Grypych
- Department of Human Genetics of Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo 150, 03143 Kiev, Ukraine
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Miyaki LAM, Sibov TT, Pavon LF, Mamani JB, Gamarra LF. Study of internalization and viability of multimodal nanoparticles for labeling of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2013; 10:189-96. [PMID: 23052454 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082012000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B in culture media for cell labeling, and to establish a study of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B detection at labeled cells evaluating they viability at concentrations of 10µg Fe/mL and 100µg Fe/mL. METHODS We performed the analysis of stability of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B in different culture media; the mesenchymal stem cells labeling with multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B; the intracellular detection of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B in mesenchymal stem cells, and assessment of the viability of labeled cells by kinetic proliferation. RESULTS The stability analysis showed that multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B had good stability in cultured Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's-Low Glucose medium and RPMI 1640 medium. The mesenchymal stem cell with multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B described location of intracellular nanoparticles, which were shown as blue granules co-localized in fluorescent clusters, thus characterizing magnetic and fluorescent properties of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B. CONCLUSION The stability of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B found in cultured Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's-Low Glucose medium and RPMI 1640 medium assured intracellular mesenchymal stem cells labeling. This cell labeling did not affect viability of labeled mesenchymal stem cells since they continued to proliferate for five days.
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Nakabayashi A, Kamei N, Sunagawa T, Suzuki O, Ohkawa S, Kodama A, Kamei G, Ochi M. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of magnetically targeted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in skeletal muscle injury model. J Orthop Res 2013. [PMID: 23192745 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify the kinetics of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in rat skeletal muscle injury model and the contribution of the magnetic cell delivery system to muscle injury repair. A magnetic field generator was used to apply an external magnetic force to the injury site of the tibia anterior muscle, and 1 × 10(6) MSCs labeled with ferucarbotran-protamine complexes, which were isolated from luciferase transgenic rats, were injected into the injury site. MSCs were injected with and without an external magnetic force (MSC M+ and MSC M- groups, respectively), and phosphate-buffered saline was injected into injury sites as a control. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was performed immediately after the transplantation and, at 12, 24, and 72 h, and 1 and 4 weeks post-transplantation. Also, muscle regeneration and function were histologically and electromechanically evaluated. In vivo bioluminescence imaging showed that the photon of the MSC M+ group was significantly higher than that of the MSC M- group throughout the observation period. In addition, muscle regeneration and function in the MSC M+ group was histologically and functionally better than that of the MSC M- group. The results of our study indicated that magnetic cell delivery system may be of use in directing the transplanted MSCs to the injury site to promote skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakabayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minaki-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Rosenberg JT, Sellgren KL, Sachi-Kocher A, Calixto Bejarano F, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Ma T, Grant SC. Magnetic resonance contrast and biological effects of intracellular superparamagnetic iron oxides on human mesenchymal stem cells with long-term culture and hypoxic exposure. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:307-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kholodenko IV, Konieva AA, Kholodenko RV, Yarygin KN. Molecular mechanisms of migration and homing of intravenously transplanted mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-1218-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Qi Y, Feng G, Huang Z, Yan W. The application of super paramagnetic iron oxide-labeled mesenchymal stem cells in cell-based therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2733-40. [PMID: 23269616 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has great potential for tissue regeneration. However, being able to monitor the in vivo behavior of implanted MSCs and understand the fate of these cells is necessary for further development of successful therapies and requires an effective, non-invasive and non-toxic technique for cell tracking. Super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) is an idea label and tracer of MSCs. MRI can be used to follow SPIO-labeled MSCs and has been proposed as a gold standard for monitoring the in vivo biodistribution and migration of implanted SPIO-labeled MSCs. This review discusses the biological effects of SPIO labeling on MSCs and the therapeutic applications of local or systemic delivery of these labeled cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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La Francesca S. Nanotechnology and stem cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases: potential applications. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2012; 8:28-35. [PMID: 22891108 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-8-1-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cell therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has generated significant interest in recent years. Limitations to the clinical application of this therapy center on issues of stem cell delivery, engraftment, and fate. Nanotechnology-based cell labeling and imaging techniques facilitate stem cell tracking and engraftment studies. Nanotechnology also brings exciting new opportunities to translational stem cell research as it enables the controlled engineering of nanoparticles and nanomaterials that can properly relate to the physical scale of cell-cell and cell-niche interactions. This review summarizes the most relevant potential applications of nanoscale technologies to the field of stem cell therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio La Francesca
- Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Mitsiadis TA, Woloszyk A, Jiménez-Rojo L. Nanodentistry: combining nanostructured materials and stem cells for dental tissue regeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1743-53. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative dentistry represents an attractive multidisciplinary therapeutic approach that complements traditional restorative/surgery techniques and benefits from recent advances in stem cell biology, molecular biology, genomics and proteomics. Materials science is important in such advances to move regenerative dentistry from the laboratory to the clinic. The design of novel nanostructured materials, such as biomimetic matrices and scaffolds for controlling cell fate and differentiation, and nanoparticles for diagnostics, imaging and targeted treatment, is needed. The combination of nanotechnology, which allows the creation of sophisticated materials with exquisite fine structural detail, and stem cell biology turns out to be increasingly useful in regenerative medicine. The administration to patients of dynamic biological agents comprising stem cells, bioactive scaffolds and/or nanoparticles will certainly increase the regenerative impact of dental pathological tissues. This overview briefly describes some of the actual benefits and future possibilities of nanomaterials in the emerging field of stem cell-based regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Institute of Oral Biology, Department of Orofacial Development & Regeneration, ZZM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Woloszyk
- Institute of Oral Biology, Department of Orofacial Development & Regeneration, ZZM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Jiménez-Rojo
- Institute of Oral Biology, Department of Orofacial Development & Regeneration, ZZM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Concurrent dual contrast for cellular magnetic resonance imaging using gadolinium oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2012:230942. [PMID: 22919479 PMCID: PMC3419425 DOI: 10.1155/2012/230942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rationale and Objectives. Concurrent visualization of differential targets in cellular and molecular imaging is valuable for resolving processes spatially and temporally, as in monitoring different cell subtypes. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate concurrent, dual (positive and negative) contrast visualization on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of two colocalized cell populations labeled with Gadolinium “Gd” oxide and iron “Fe” oxide nanoparticles. Materials and Methods. Human aortic endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) were labeled with various concentrations of Gd oxide and Fe oxide, respectively. MRI on single- or mixed-cell samples was performed at 7 tesla. Proper cell phenotype expressions, cell uptake of contrast agents, and the effect of labeling on cell viability and proliferation were also determined. Results. Both contrast agents were efficiently taken up by cells, with viability and proliferation largely unaffected. On MRI, the positive contrast associated with Gd oxide-labeled EC and negative contrast associated with Fe oxide-labeled SMC discriminated the presence of each cell type, whether it existed alone or colocalized in a mixed-cell sample. Conclusion. It is feasible to use Gd oxide and Fe oxide for dual contrast and concurrent discrimination of two colocalized cell populations on MRI at 7 tesla.
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Lam J, Simpson PC, Yang PC, Dash R. Synthesis of an in vivo MRI-detectable apoptosis probe. J Vis Exp 2012:3775. [PMID: 22871963 DOI: 10.3791/3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular apoptosis is a prominent feature of many diseases, and this programmed cell death typically occurs before clinical manifestations of disease are evident. A means to detect apoptosis in its earliest, reversible stages would afford a pre-clinical 'window' during which preventive or therapeutic measures could be taken to protect the heart from permanent damage. We present herein a simple and robust method to conjugate human Annexin V (ANX), which avidly binds to cells in the earliest, reversible stages of apoptosis, to superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, which serve as an MRI-detectable contrast agent. The conjugation method begins with an oxidation of the SPIO nanoparticles, which oxidizes carboxyl groups on the polysaccharide shell of SPIO. Purified ANX protein is then added in the setting of a sodium borate solution to facilitate covalent interaction of ANX with SPIO in a reducing buffer. A final reduction step with sodium borohydride is performed to complete the reduction, and then the reaction is quenched. Unconjugated ANX is removed from the mix by microcentrifuge filtration. The size and purity of the ANX-SPIO product is verified by dynamic light scattering (DLS). This method does not require addition to, or modification of, the polysaccharide SPIO shell, as opposed to cross-linked iron oxide particle conjugation methods or biotin-labeled nanoparticles. As a result, this method represents a simple, robust approach that may be extended to conjugation of other proteins of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center
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Wu CY, Pu Y, Liu G, Shao Y, Ma QS, Zhang XM. MR imaging of human pancreatic cancer xenograft labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide in nude mice. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 7:51-8. [PMID: 22344880 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the MRI findings on tumor xenografts induced in nude mice by the inoculation of human pancreatic cancer cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), and to monitor the kinetics of SPIO distribution in tumor xenografts. The labeled cancer cells were subcutaneously inoculated into 11 nude mice to induce tumor xenograft. The unlabeled cancer cells served as a control inoculated into nine nude mice. MR imaging was performed with a 1.5 T MR scanner for the tumor xenograft at the first, second and third week after the inoculation. We found that the tumor xenograft was induced in 100% nude mice on MR imaging for both groups in the first week after the inoculation. In the SPIO group, the tumors showed homogeneous hypointensity on T₁ - and T₂ -weighted and FIESTA images 1 week after inoculation. Two and 3 weeks after inoculation, the center of the tumors was still hypointense on all the above sequences. The tumor periphery was isointense on T₁ -weighted, and hyperintense on T₂ -weighted and FIESTA images. The tumors in control group were homogeneously hypointense or isointense on T₁ -weighted, and hyperintense on T₂ -weighted and FIESTA images in the first, second and third week after the inoculation. The size and signal-to-noise ratio of the tumor center in the SPIO group had decreased subsequent to the inoculation in all T₁ - and T₂ -weighted images and FIESTA. Our results showed the human pancreatic cancer cells labeled with SPIO can induce tumor xenograft in nude mice and MRI can monitor the kinetics of SPIO distribution in tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ying Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan 637007, China
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Journey of mesenchymal stem cells for homing: strategies to enhance efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:342968. [PMID: 22754575 PMCID: PMC3382267 DOI: 10.1155/2012/342968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) communicate with other cells in the human body and appear to "home" to areas of injury in response to signals of cellular damage, known as homing signals. This review of the state of current research on homing of MSCs suggests that favorable cellular conditions and the in vivo environment facilitate and are required for the migration of MSCs to the site of insult or injury in vivo. We review the current understanding of MSC migration and discuss strategies for enhancing both the environmental and cellular conditions that give rise to effective homing of MSCs. This may allow MSCs to quickly find and migrate to injured tissues, where they may best exert clinical benefits resulting from improved homing and the presence of increased numbers of MSCs.
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Hsiao JK, Yang CY, Wang YH, Lu CW, Uttam BP, Liu HM, Wang JL. MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE LABELING OF CULTURED CANCER CELL LINE WITHOUT TRANSFECTION AGENT. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237208000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) labeling of stem cell has been proved its efficacy for cell trafficking. Most of the labeling technique requires mixture of iron oxide nanoparticles and transfection agent. Stem cells with ionic MNP without the aid of transfection agent were labeled previously. The possibility of high efficiency labeling of cultured cancer cell, HeLa cell, by using ionic MNP is proposed. The labeled cell morphology was observed and the intracellular iron content was determined by spectrophotometry. The cell character change was evaluated by flow cytometry where front scattering count and side scattering count (SSC) were recorded. The imaging ability of the labeling method was determined by T2 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Labeled MNPs were accumulated at cytoplasm is observed and the iron content of labeled cell could reach 27 pg/cell. There is no cell diameter change but the cell granularity increased according to SSC data from flow cytometry. Under clinical 1.5T MR imaging, we could detect labeled cells easily were detected at the cell number of 1 × 105. It is concluded that labeling of cancer cell with ionic MNPs without transfection agent is an efficient labeling method which will provide non-invasive imaging method for monitoring cancer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yiao-Hong Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Electrical-Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wen Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Borade Prajakta Uttam
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Man Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Lin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wimpenny I, Markides H, El Haj AJ. Orthopaedic applications of nanoparticle-based stem cell therapies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:13. [PMID: 22520594 PMCID: PMC3392773 DOI: 10.1186/scrt104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have tremendous applications in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. These are pioneering fields that aim to create new treatments for disease that currently have limited therapies or cures. A particularly popular avenue of research has been the regeneration of bone and cartilage to combat various orthopaedic diseases. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been applied to aid the development and translation of these therapies from research to the clinic. This review highlights contemporary research for the applications of iron-oxide-based MNPs for the therapeutic implementation of stem cells in orthopaedics. These MNPs comprise of an iron oxide core, coated with a choice of biological polymers that can facilitate the uptake of MNPs by cells through improving endocytic activity. The combined use of these oxides and the biological polymer coatings meet biological requirements, effectively encouraging the use of MNPs in regenerative medicine. The association of MNPs with stem cells can be achieved via the process of endocytosis resulting in the internalisation of these particles or the attachment to cell surface receptors. This allows for the investigation of migratory patterns through various tracking studies, the targeting of particle-labelled cells to desired locations via the application of an external magnetic field and, finally, for activation stem cells to initiate various cellular responses to induce the differentiation. Characterisation of cell localisation and associated tissue regeneration can therefore be enhanced, particularly for in vivo applications. MNPs have been shown to have the potential to stimulate differentiation of stem cells for orthopaedic applications, without limiting proliferation. However, careful consideration of the use of active agents associated with the MNP is suggested, for differentiation towards specific lineages. This review aims to broaden the knowledge of current applications, paving the way to translate the in vitro and in vivo work into further orthopaedic clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wimpenny
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, The Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK
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