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Nagel F, Santer D, Stojkovic S, Kaun C, Schaefer AK, Krššák M, Abraham D, Bencsik P, Ferdinandy P, Kenyeres E, Szabados T, Wojta J, Trescher K, Kiss A, Podesser BK. The impact of age on cardiac function and extracellular matrix component expression in adverse post-infarction remodeling in mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 119:193-202. [PMID: 30763602 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the potential associations of the expression of matricellular components in adverse post-infarction remodeling of the geriatric heart. In male geriatric (OM, age: 18 months) and young (YM, age: 11 weeks) OF1 mice myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cardiac function was evaluated by MRI. Plasma and myocardial tissue samples were collected 3d, 7d, and 32d post-MI. Age and MI were associated with impaired cardiac function accompanied by left-ventricular (LV) dilatation. mRNA expression of MMP-2 (7d: p < 0.05), TIMP-1 (7d: p < 0.05), TIMP-2 (7d: p < 0.05), Collagen-1 (3d and 7d: p < 0.05) and Collagen-3 (7d: p < 0.05) in LV non-infarcted myocardium was significantly higher in YM than in OM after MI. MMP-9 activity in plasma was increased in OM after MI (3d: p < 0.01). Tenascin-C protein levels assessed by ELISA were decreased in OM as compared to YM after MI in plasma (3d: p < 0.001, 7d: p < 0.05) and LV non-infarcted myocardium (7d: p < 0.01). Dysregulation in ECM components in non-infarcted LV might be associated and contribute to adverse LV remodeling and impaired cardiac function. Thus, targeting ECM might be a potential therapeutic approach to enhance cardiac function in geriatric patients following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Nagel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital St. Poelten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria
| | - David Santer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Hietzing, Wolkersbergenstr. 1, 1130 Wien, Austria
| | - Stefan Stojkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Christoph Kaun
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Anne-Kristin Schaefer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria; High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettg. 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Dietmar Abraham
- Laboratory for Molecular Cellular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary; Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dom ter 12, 6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, Budapest 1089, Hungary
| | - Eva Kenyeres
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dom ter 12, 6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Szabados
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dom ter 12, 6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Johann Wojta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Karola Trescher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital St. Poelten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Leitstelle 1Q, 1090 Wien, Austria; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital St. Poelten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria.
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Santos A, Fernández-Friera L, Villalba M, López-Melgar B, España S, Mateo J, Mota RA, Jiménez-Borreguero J, Ruiz-Cabello J. Cardiovascular imaging: what have we learned from animal models? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:227. [PMID: 26539113 PMCID: PMC4612690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging has become an indispensable tool for patient diagnosis and follow up. Probably the wide clinical applications of imaging are due to the possibility of a detailed and high quality description and quantification of cardiovascular system structure and function. Also phenomena that involve complex physiological mechanisms and biochemical pathways, such as inflammation and ischemia, can be visualized in a non-destructive way. The widespread use and evolution of imaging would not have been possible without animal studies. Animal models have allowed for instance, (i) the technical development of different imaging tools, (ii) to test hypothesis generated from human studies and finally, (iii) to evaluate the translational relevance assessment of in vitro and ex-vivo results. In this review, we will critically describe the contribution of animal models to the use of biomedical imaging in cardiovascular medicine. We will discuss the characteristics of the most frequent models used in/for imaging studies. We will cover the major findings of animal studies focused in the cardiovascular use of the repeatedly used imaging techniques in clinical practice and experimental studies. We will also describe the physiological findings and/or learning processes for imaging applications coming from models of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In these diseases, imaging research using animals has allowed the study of aspects such as: ventricular size, shape, global function, and wall thickening, local myocardial function, myocardial perfusion, metabolism and energetic assessment, infarct quantification, vascular lesion characterization, myocardial fiber structure, and myocardial calcium uptake. Finally we will discuss the limitations and future of imaging research with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Santos
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain ; Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben A Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Charles River Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital de La Princesa Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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Weiger M, Wu M, Wurnig MC, Kenkel D, Jungraithmayr W, Boss A, Pruessmann KP. Rapid and robust pulmonary proton ZTE imaging in the mouse. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:1129-1134. [PMID: 25066371 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary MRI is challenging because of the low proton density and rapid transverse relaxation in the lung associated with microscopic magnetic field inhomogeneities caused by tissue-air interfaces. Therefore, low signal is obtained in gradient and spin echo proton images. Alternatively, non-proton MRI using hyperpolarized gases or radial techniques with ultrashort or zero TE have been proposed to image the lung. Also with the latter approach, the general challenge remains to provide full coverage of the lung at sufficient spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image quality within a reasonable scan time. This task is further aggravated by physiological motion and is particularly demanding in small animals, such as mice. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) zero echo time (ZTE) imaging is employed for efficient pulmonary MRI. Four protocols with different averaging and respiratory triggering schemes are developed and compared with respect to image quality and SNR. To address the critical issue of background signal in ZTE images, a subtraction approach is proposed, providing images virtually free of disturbing signal from nearby hardware parts. The protocols are tested for pulmonary MRI in six mice at 4.7 T, consistently providing images of high quality with a 3D isotropic resolution of 313 µm and SNR values in the lung between 8.0 and 18.5 within scan times between 1 min 21 s and 4 min 44 s. A generally high robustness of the ZTE approach against motion is observed, whilst respiratory triggering further improves the SNR and visibility of image details. The developed techniques are expected to enable efficient preclinical animal studies in the lung and will also be of importance for human applications. Further improvements are expected from radiofrequency (RF) coils with increased SNR and reduced background signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Weiger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Thorneloe KS, Cheung M, Bao W, Alsaid H, Lenhard S, Jian MY, Costell M, Maniscalco-Hauk K, Krawiec JA, Olzinski A, Gordon E, Lozinskaya I, Elefante L, Qin P, Matasic DS, James C, Tunstead J, Donovan B, Kallal L, Waszkiewicz A, Vaidya K, Davenport EA, Larkin J, Burgert M, Casillas LN, Marquis RW, Ye G, Eidam HS, Goodman KB, Toomey JR, Roethke TJ, Jucker BM, Schnackenberg CG, Townsley MI, Lepore JJ, Willette RN. An orally active TRPV4 channel blocker prevents and resolves pulmonary edema induced by heart failure. Sci Transl Med 2013; 4:159ra148. [PMID: 23136043 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary edema resulting from high pulmonary venous pressure (PVP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in heart failure (HF) patients, but current treatment options demonstrate substantial limitations. Recent evidence from rodent lungs suggests that PVP-induced edema is driven by activation of pulmonary capillary endothelial transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels. To examine the therapeutic potential of this mechanism, we evaluated TRPV4 expression in human congestive HF lungs and developed small-molecule TRPV4 channel blockers for testing in animal models of HF. TRPV4 immunolabeling of human lung sections demonstrated expression of TRPV4 in the pulmonary vasculature that was enhanced in sections from HF patients compared to controls. GSK2193874 was identified as a selective, orally active TRPV4 blocker that inhibits Ca(2+) influx through recombinant TRPV4 channels and native endothelial TRPV4 currents. In isolated rodent and canine lungs, TRPV4 blockade prevented the increased vascular permeability and resultant pulmonary edema associated with elevated PVP. Furthermore, in both acute and chronic HF models, GSK2193874 pretreatment inhibited the formation of pulmonary edema and enhanced arterial oxygenation. Finally, GSK2193874 treatment resolved pulmonary edema already established by myocardial infarction in mice. These findings identify a crucial role for TRPV4 in the formation of HF-induced pulmonary edema and suggest that TRPV4 blockade is a potential therapeutic strategy for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Thorneloe
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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Richards DA, Bao W, Rambo MV, Burgert M, Jucker BM, Lenhard SC. Examining the relationship between exercise tolerance and isoproterenol-based cardiac reserve in murine models of heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:1202-10. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00556.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of cardiac reserve is, in part, responsible for exercise intolerance in late-stage heart failure (HF). Exercise tolerance testing (ETT) has been performed in mouse models of HF; however, treadmill performance and at-rest cardiac indexes determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rarely correlate. The present study adopted a stress-MRI technique for comparison with ETT in HF models, using isoproterenol (ISO) to evoke cardiac reserve responses. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly subjected to myocardial infarction (MI), transverse aortic constriction (TAC), or sham surgery under general anesthesia. Mice underwent serial ETT on a graded treadmill with follow-up ISO stress-MRI. TAC mice showed consistent exercise intolerance, with a 16.2% reduction in peak oxygen consumption vs. sham at 15-wk postsurgery (WPS). MI and sham mice had similar peak oxygen consumption from 7 WPS onward. Time to a respiratory exchange ratio of 1.0 correlated with ETT distance ( r = 0.64; P < 0.001). The change in ejection fraction under ISO stress was reduced in HF mice at 4 WPS [10.1 ± 3.9% change (Δ) and 8.9 ± 3.5%Δ in MI and TAC, respectively, compared with 32.0 ± 3.5%Δ in sham; P < 0.001]. However, cardiac reserve differences between surgery groups were not observed at 16 WPS in terms of ejection fraction or cardiac output. In addition, ETT did not correlate with cardiac indexes under ISO stress. In conclusion, ISO stress was unable to reflect consistent differences in ETT between HF and healthy mice, suggesting cardiac-specific indexes are not the sole factors in defining exercise intolerance in mouse HF models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Richards
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
- University of Bristol, Bristol, Avon, United Kingdom
| | - Weike Bao
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary V. Rambo
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Burgert
- Statistical Consulting Group, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Beat M. Jucker
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
- Preclinical and Translational Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen C. Lenhard
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
- Preclinical and Translational Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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