1
|
de Scals S, Fraile LM, Udías JM, Cortés LM, Oteo M, Morcillo MÁ, Carreras-Delgado JL, Cabrera-Martín MN, España S. Correction: Feasibility study of a SiPM-fiber detector for non-invasive measurement of arterial input function for preclinical and clinical positron emission tomography. EJNMMI Phys 2024; 11:22. [PMID: 38436820 PMCID: PMC10912379 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara de Scals
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Mario Fraile
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Udías
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez Cortés
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Médicas de las Radiaciones Ionizantes, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Oteo
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Médicas de las Radiaciones Ionizantes, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Médicas de las Radiaciones Ionizantes, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Samuel España
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Scals S, Fraile LM, Udías JM, Martínez Cortés L, Oteo M, Morcillo MÁ, Carreras-Delgado JL, Cabrera-Martín MN, España S. Feasibility study of a SiPM-fiber detector for non-invasive measurement of arterial input function for preclinical and clinical positron emission tomography. EJNMMI Phys 2024; 11:12. [PMID: 38291187 PMCID: PMC10828322 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic positron emission tomography (PET) studies rely on the measurement of the arterial input function (AIF), which represents the time-activity curve of the radiotracer concentration in the blood plasma. Traditionally, obtaining the AIF requires invasive procedures, such as arterial catheterization, which can be challenging, time-consuming, and associated with potential risks. Therefore, the development of non-invasive techniques for AIF measurement is highly desirable. This study presents a detector for the non-invasive measurement of the AIF in PET studies. The detector is based on the combination of scintillation fibers and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) which leads to a very compact and rugged device. The feasibility of the detector was assessed through Monte Carlo simulations conducted on mouse tail and human wrist anatomies studying relevant parameters such as energy spectrum, detector efficiency and minimum detectable activity (MDA). The simulations involved the use of 18F and 68Ga isotopes, which exhibit significantly different positron ranges. In addition, several prototypes were built in order to study the different components of the detector including the scintillation fiber, the coating of the fiber, the SiPMs, and the operating configuration. Finally, the simulations were compared with experimental measurements conducted using a tube filled with both 18F and 68Ga to validate the obtained results. The MDA achieved for both anatomies (approximately 1000 kBq/mL for mice and 1 kBq/mL for humans) falls below the peak radiotracer concentrations typically found in PET studies, affirming the feasibility of conducting non-invasive AIF measurements with the fiber detector. The sensitivity for measurements with a tube filled with 18F (68Ga) was 1.2 (2.07) cps/(kBq/mL), while for simulations, it was 2.81 (6.23) cps/(kBq/mL). Further studies are needed to validate these results in pharmacokinetic PET studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara de Scals
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Mario Fraile
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Udías
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez Cortés
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Médicas de las Radiaciones Ionizantes, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Oteo
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Médicas de las Radiaciones Ionizantes, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Médicas de las Radiaciones Ionizantes, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Samuel España
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Devesa A, Fuster V, Vazirani R, García-Lunar I, Oliva B, España S, Moreno-Arciniegas A, Sanz J, Perez-Herreras C, Bueno H, Lara-Pezzi E, García-Alvarez A, de Vega VM, Fernández-Friera L, Trivieri MG, Fernández-Ortiz A, Rossello X, Sanchez-Gonzalez J, Ibanez B. Cardiac Insulin Resistance in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome Traits and Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:2050-2057. [PMID: 37713581 PMCID: PMC10632182 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with changes in cardiac metabolism. Whether this association occurs in humans is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 821 asymptomatic individuals from the Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis (PESA) study (50.6 [46.9-53.6] years, 83.7% male) underwent two whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (18F-FDG PET-MR) 4.8 ± 0.6 years apart. Presence of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. No myocardial uptake was grade 0, while positive uptake was classified in grades 1-3 according to target-to-background ratio tertiles. RESULTS One hundred fifty-six participants (19.0%) showed no myocardial 18F-FDG uptake, and this was significantly associated with higher prevalence of MetS (29.0% vs. 13.9%, P < 0.001), hypertension (29.0% vs. 18.0%, P = 0.002), and diabetes (11.0% vs. 3.2%, P < 0.001), and with higher insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR, 1.64% vs. 1.23%, P < 0.001). Absence of myocardial uptake was associated with higher prevalence of early atherosclerosis (i.e., arterial 18F-FDG uptake, P = 0.004). On follow-up, the associations between myocardial 18F-FDG uptake and risk factors were replicated, and MetS was more frequent in the group without myocardial uptake. The increase in HOMA-IR was associated with a progressive decrease in myocardial uptake (P < 0.001). In 82% of subjects, the categorization according to presence/absence of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake did not change between baseline and follow-up. MetS regression on follow-up was associated with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in myocardial uptake. CONCLUSIONS Apparently healthy individuals without cardiac 18F-FDG uptake have higher HOMA-IR and higher prevalence of MetS traits, cardiovascular risk factors, and early atherosclerosis. An improvement in cardiometabolic profile is associated with the recovery of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake at follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Devesa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ravi Vazirani
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés García-Lunar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- University Hospital La Moraleja, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Oliva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Sanz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Héctor Bueno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and i+12 Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García-Alvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez de Vega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Quirón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Universitario HM Montepríncipe-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria G. Trivieri
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ortiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Rossello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- University Hospital La Moraleja, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases- Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ibáñez-Moragues M, Fernández-Barahona I, Santacruz R, Oteo M, Luján-Rodríguez VM, Muñoz-Hernando M, Magro N, Lagares JI, Romero E, España S, Espinosa-Rodríguez A, García-Díez M, Martínez-Nouvilas V, Sánchez-Tembleque V, Udías JM, Valladolid-Onecha V, Martín-Rey MÁ, Almeida-Cordon EI, Viñals i Onsès S, Pérez JM, Fraile LM, Herranz F, Morcillo MÁ. Zinc-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Proton-Activatable Agent for Dose Range Verification in Proton Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:6874. [PMID: 37836718 PMCID: PMC10574368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy allows the treatment of specific areas and avoids the surrounding tissues. However, this technique has uncertainties in terms of the distal dose fall-off. A promising approach to studying the proton range is the use of nanoparticles as proton-activatable agents that produce detectable signals. For this, we developed an iron oxide nanoparticle doped with Zn (IONP@Zn-cit) with a hydrodynamic size of 10 nm and stability in serum. Cytotoxicity, defined as half of the surveillance, was 100 μg Zn/mL in the U251 cell line. The effect on clonogenic cell death was tested after X-ray irradiation, which suggested a radioprotective effect of these nanoparticles at low concentrations (1-10 μg Zn/mL). To evaluate the production of positron emitters and prompt-gamma signals, IONP@Zn-cit was irradiated with protons, obtaining prompt-gamma signals at the lowest measured concentration (10 mg Zn/mL). Finally, 67Ga-IONP@Zn-cit showed accumulation in the liver and spleen and an accumulation in the tumor tissue of 0.95% ID/g in a mouse model of U251 cells. These results suggest the possibility of using Zn nanoparticles as proton-activatable agents to verify the range by prompt gamma detection and face the challenges of prompt gamma detection in a specific biological situation, opening different avenues to go forward in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ibáñez-Moragues
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Irene Fernández-Barahona
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Rocío Santacruz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Marta Oteo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Víctor M. Luján-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - María Muñoz-Hernando
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Natalia Magro
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Juan I. Lagares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Eduardo Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Samuel España
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Espinosa-Rodríguez
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Díez
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Nouvilas
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Tembleque
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Udías
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Valladolid-Onecha
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Martín-Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Edilia I. Almeida-Cordon
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Animal Facility Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sílvia Viñals i Onsès
- Center for Microanalysis of Materials (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Luis Mario Fraile
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Herranz
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Devesa A, Lobo-González M, Martínez-Milla J, Oliva B, García-Lunar I, Mastrangelo A, España S, Sanz J, Mendiguren JM, Bueno H, Fuster JJ, Andrés V, Fernández-Ortiz A, Sancho D, Fernández-Friera L, Sanchez-Gonzalez J, Rossello X, Ibanez B, Fuster V. Bone marrow activation in response to metabolic syndrome and early atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1809-1828. [PMID: 35567559 PMCID: PMC9113301 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Experimental studies suggest that increased bone marrow (BM) activity is involved in the association between cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation in atherosclerosis. However, human data to support this association are sparse. The purpose was to study the association between cardiovascular risk factors, BM activation, and subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole body vascular 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (18F-FDG PET/MRI) was performed in 745 apparently healthy individuals [median age 50.5 (46.8-53.6) years, 83.8% men] from the Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis (PESA) study. Bone marrow activation (defined as BM 18F-FDG uptake above the median maximal standardized uptake value) was assessed in the lumbar vertebrae (L3-L4). Systemic inflammation was indexed from circulating biomarkers. Early atherosclerosis was evaluated by arterial metabolic activity by 18F-FDG uptake in five vascular territories. Late atherosclerosis was evaluated by fully formed plaques on MRI. Subjects with BM activation were more frequently men (87.6 vs. 80.0%, P = 0.005) and more frequently had metabolic syndrome (MetS) (22.2 vs. 6.7%, P < 0.001). Bone marrow activation was significantly associated with all MetS components. Bone marrow activation was also associated with increased haematopoiesis-characterized by significantly elevated leucocyte (mainly neutrophil and monocytes) and erythrocyte counts-and with markers of systemic inflammation including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ferritin, fibrinogen, P-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. The associations between BM activation and MetS (and its components) and increased erythropoiesis were maintained in the subgroup of participants with no systemic inflammation. Bone marrow activation was significantly associated with high arterial metabolic activity (18F-FDG uptake). The co-occurrence of BM activation and arterial 18F-FDG uptake was associated with more advanced atherosclerosis (i.e. plaque presence and burden). CONCLUSION In apparently healthy individuals, BM 18F-FDG uptake is associated with MetS and its components, even in the absence of systemic inflammation, and with elevated counts of circulating leucocytes. Bone marrow activation is associated with early atherosclerosis, characterized by high arterial metabolic activity. Bone marrow activation appears to be an early phenomenon in atherosclerosis development.[Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis (PESA); NCT01410318].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Devesa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Lobo-González
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juan Martínez-Milla
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Oliva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Inés García-Lunar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Annalaura Mastrangelo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sanz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hector Bueno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and i+12 Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ortiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe-CIEC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Rossello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-IDISBA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nogales P, Velasco C, Gonzalez-Cintado L, Morales Cano D, Mota-Cobián A, Mota RA, Torroja C, Sharysh D, Benguria A, Dopazo A, Carramolino L, España S, Mateo de Castro J, Bentzon JF. Abstract 418:
18
FDG-PET Monitors Atherosclerosis Disease Activity In Minipigs. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.42.suppl_1.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives:
18
FDG-PET imaging is used as clinical endpoint to monitor efficacy of drugs in atherosclerosis, but the link between disease activity and FDG uptake is not well understood. Previous studies in PCSK9
D374Y
minipigs showed that FDG is taken up quantitatively in multiple plaque cell types. Here, we developed methods to alter disease activity of established atherosclerosis in PCSK9
D374Y
minipigs and analyzed the ability of FDG-PET to monitor the changes and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods:
Atherosclerosis was induced in PCSK9
D374Y
minipigs by high-fat feeding for 12 months. Pigs were then either euthanized for analysis of baseline atherosclerosis (Baseline pigs, n=7) or subjected to a 3-months LDL- lowering intervention with low-fat diet (LF pigs, n=8) or low-fat diet supplemented with microsomal transfer protein inhibitor (BMS-212122, 0.5mg/kg/day, MTPi pigs, n=8). Wild-type pigs on low-fat diet provided non-atherosclerotic controls (n=5).
18
FDG-PET imaging was performed in all animals at the endpoint, and serial sections of the abdominal aorta, iliac and LAD arteries were analyzed for plaque morphology, lipid accumulation (Oil Red O), and macrophage content (CD68 and muramidase). In a separate experiment, abdominal plaques from Baseline (n= 5) and MTPi pigs (n=3) were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing.
Results:
MTPi pigs reached low LDL cholesterol levels (<1.8 mM) and had significant reductions in plaque lipid content (56%, p=0.002) and necrotic area (50%, p=0.002) compared with Baseline pigs. Macrophage content was numerically, but not significantly, altered.
18
FDG signal was substantially reduced in MTPi compared with Baseline pigs (SUVmean 1.04 vs 1.54, p=0.019) reaching levels similar to non-atherosclerotic wild-type pigs (SUVmean 1.11). Analysis of scRNA-seq data indicated that reduced FDG uptake was explained by lowered glycolytic activity across multiple cell types, including macrophages, lymphocytes, and smooth muscle cells.
Conclusion:
18
FDG-PET imaging can monitor disease activity in atherosclerosis because disease activity is associated with increased glycolysis across all of the major cell types of plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nogales
- Cntr Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Rubén A Mota
- Cntr Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Torroja
- Cntr Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Benguria
- Cntr Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Cntr Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Carramolino
- Cntr Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Cntr Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sanchez-Parcerisa D, Sanz-Garcia I, Ibañez P, España S, Espinosa A, Gutierrez-Neira C, García G, López A, Vera J, Mazal A, Fraile L, Udias J. PD-0816 LET Quenching of EBT3 radiochromic films with low-energy protons. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
España S, Sánchez-Parcerisa D, Bragado P, Gutiérrez-Uzquiza Á, Porras A, Gutiérrez-Neira C, Espinosa A, Onecha VV, Ibáñez P, Sánchez-Tembleque V, Udías JM, Fraile LM. In vivo production of fluorine-18 in a chicken egg tumor model of breast cancer for proton therapy range verification. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7075. [PMID: 35490180 PMCID: PMC9056503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Range verification of clinical protontherapy systems via positron-emission tomography (PET) is not a mature technology, suffering from two major issues: insufficient signal from low-energy protons in the Bragg peak area and biological washout of PET emitters. The use of contrast agents including 18O, 68Zn or 63Cu, isotopes with a high cross section for low-energy protons in nuclear reactions producing PET emitters, has been proposed to enhance the PET signal in the last millimeters of the proton path. However, it remains a challenge to achieve sufficient concentrations of these isotopes in the target volume. Here we investigate the possibilities of 18O-enriched water (18-W), a potential contrast agent that could be incorporated in large proportions in live tissues by replacing regular water. We hypothesize that 18-W could also mitigate the problem of biological washout, as PET (18F) isotopes created inside live cells would remain trapped in the form of fluoride anions (F-), allowing its signal to be detected even hours after irradiation. To test our hypothesis, we designed an experiment with two main goals: first, prove that 18-W can incorporate enough 18O into a living organism to produce a detectable signal from 18F after proton irradiation, and second, determine the amount of activity that remains trapped inside the cells. The experiment was performed on a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane tumor model of head and neck cancer. Seven eggs with visible tumors were infused with 18-W and irradiated with 8-MeV protons (range in water: 0.74 mm), equivalent to clinical protons at the end of particle range. The activity produced after irradiation was detected and quantified in a small-animal PET-CT scanner, and further studied by placing ex-vivo tumours in a gamma radiation detector. In the acquired images, specific activity of 18F (originating from 18-W) could be detected in the tumour area of the alive chicken embryo up to 9 h after irradiation, which confirms that low-energy protons can indeed produce a detectable PET signal if a suitable contrast agent is employed. Moreover, dynamic PET studies in two of the eggs evidenced a minimal effect of biological washout, with 68% retained specific 18F activity at 8 h after irradiation. Furthermore, ex-vivo analysis of 4 irradiated tumours showed that up to 3% of oxygen atoms in the targets were replaced by 18O from infused 18-W, and evidenced an entrapment of 59% for specific activity of 18F after washing, supporting our hypothesis that F- ions remain trapped within the cells. An infusion of 18-W can incorporate 18O in animal tissues by replacing regular water inside cells, producing a PET signal when irradiated with low-energy protons that could be used for range verification in protontherapy. 18F produced inside cells remains entrapped and suffers from minimal biological washout, allowing for a sharper localization with longer PET acquisitions. Further studies must evaluate the feasibility of this technique in dosimetric conditions closer to clinical practice, in order to define potential protocols for its use in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel España
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Parcerisa
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.,Sedecal Molecular Imaging, Algete, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez-Uzquiza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Neira
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales, CMAM-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Espinosa
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor V Onecha
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ibáñez
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Tembleque
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Udías
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Fraile
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Onecha VV, Galve P, Ibáñez P, Freijo C, Arias-Valcayo F, Sanchez-Parcerisa D, España S, Fraile LM, Udías JM. Dictionary-based software for proton dose reconstruction and submilimetric range verification. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac4efc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. This paper presents a new method for fast reconstruction (compatible with in-beam use) of deposited dose during proton therapy using data acquired from a PET scanner. The most innovative feature of this novel method is the production of noiseless reconstructed dose distributions from which proton range can be derived with high precision. Approach. A new MLEM & simulated annealing (MSA) algorithm, developed especially in this work, reconstructs the deposited dose distribution from a realistic pre-calculated activity-dose dictionary. This dictionary contains the contribution of each beam in the plan to the 3D activity and dose maps, as calculated by a Monte Carlo simulation. The MSA algorithm, using a priori information of the treatment plan, seeks for the linear combination of activities of the precomputed beams that best fits the observed PET data, obtaining at the same time the deposited dose. Main results. the method has been tested using simulated data to determine its performance under 4 different test cases: (1) dependency of range detection accuracy with delivered dose, (2) in-beam versus offline verification, (3) ability to detect anatomical changes and (4) reconstruction of a realistic spread-out Bragg peak. The results show the ability of the method to accurately reconstruct doses from PET data corresponding to 1 Gy irradiations, both in intra-fraction and inter-fraction verification scenarios. For this dose level (1 Gy) the method was able to spot range variations as small as 0.6 mm. Significance. out method is able to reconstruct dose maps with remarkable accuracy from clinically relevant dose levels down to 1 Gy. Furthermore, due to the noiseless nature of reconstructed dose maps, an accuracy better than one millimeter was obtained in proton range estimates. These features make of this method a realistic option for range verification in proton therapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Viñals S, Sánchez-Parcerisa D, Fraile L, España S, García G, García-Díaz M, SánchezTembleque V, Udías J. Characterization of the proton pulsed beam at CMAM. EPJ Web Conf 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202125304027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the technicalities performed to obtain a pulsed beam at the CMAM facility will be explained. The pulsed beam has been characterized with an 8 MeV proton beam, using an existing equipment at CMAM: two pairs of electrostatic plates (RASTER) that deflect the beam, commonly used for homogeneous irradiation of large areas. A pulsed beam is used in many areas such as nuclear physics, material science and, in particular, for proton-therapy medical studies. Rectangular and pyramidal functions have been used to generate different pulses and characterize the response of the RASTER. The results point out that the pulses obtained are suitable for preclinical proton-therapy studies in the FLASH regime, which consists on fractionating the dose in time with short and intense pulses. The set-up for the characterization has been a function generator and a Si-PM outside the chamber.
Collapse
|
11
|
Espinosa Rodriguez A, Onecha V, Sánchez-Tembleque V, Gutiérrez-Neira C, García-Díez M, Ibáñez P, España S, Sánchez-Parcerisa D, Udías J, Fraile L. Can iodine be used as a contrast agent for protontherapy range verification? Measurement of the 127I(p,n)127mXe (reaction) cross section in the 4.5–10 MeV energy range. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Nogales P, Velasco C, Mota-Cobián A, González-Cintado L, Mota RA, España S, Mateo J, Bentzon JF. Analysis of 18F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography Signal Sources in Atherosclerotic Minipigs Shows Specific Binding of 18F-Sodium Fluoride to Plaque Calcifications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e480-e490. [PMID: 34289703 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is thought to visualize active atherosclerotic plaque calcification. This is supported by the binding of 18F-NaF to plaque calcification ex vivo, but no prior studies have examined binding of 18F-NaF to human-like plaque in vivo. Our aim was to validate the specificity of 18F-NaF PET for plaque calcifications in atherosclerotic minipigs. Approach and Results: Gain-of-function PCSK9D374Y (proprotein convertase/subtilisin kexin type 9) transgenic Yucatan minipigs (n=4) were fed high-fat diet for 2.5 years to develop atherosclerosis and then subjected to 18F-NaF PET/computed tomography imaging. The heart, aorta, and iliac arteries were immediately re-scanned ex vivo after surgical extraction. Lesions from the abdominal aorta, iliac arteries, and coronary arteries were cryo-sectioned for autoradiography. Histological plaque characteristics, PET/computed tomography signal, and autoradiography were linked through regression and co-localization analysis. Arterial 18F-NaF PET signal had intensities comparable to clinical scans and colocalized moderately with calcification detected by computed tomography. Histological analysis showed calcification spanning from microcalcifications near lipid pools and necrotic core to more homogenous macrocalcifications. Comparison with arteries from autopsy cases confirmed the resemblance in localization and appearance with early human plaque calcification. Regression analysis in the abdominal aorta showed correlations with calcified plaque but could not rule out contributions from noncalcified plaque. This was resolved by autoradiography, which showed specific accumulation in plaque calcifications in all examined arteries. In the context of porcine abdominal aorta, 18F-NaF PET imaging was, however, less accurate than computed tomography for detecting small calcifications. CONCLUSIONS 18F-NaF accumulates specifically in calcifications of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nogales
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.N., C.V., A.M.-C., L.G.-C., R.A.M., S.E., J.M., J.F.B.)
| | - Carlos Velasco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.N., C.V., A.M.-C., L.G.-C., R.A.M., S.E., J.M., J.F.B.)
| | - Adriana Mota-Cobián
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.N., C.V., A.M.-C., L.G.-C., R.A.M., S.E., J.M., J.F.B.).,Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, Spain (A.M.-C., S.E.)
| | - Leticia González-Cintado
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.N., C.V., A.M.-C., L.G.-C., R.A.M., S.E., J.M., J.F.B.)
| | - Rubén Avelino Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.N., C.V., A.M.-C., L.G.-C., R.A.M., S.E., J.M., J.F.B.).,Charles River Laboratories Spain, Sant-Cugat del Vallés (R.A.M.)
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.N., C.V., A.M.-C., L.G.-C., R.A.M., S.E., J.M., J.F.B.).,Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, Spain (A.M.-C., S.E.)
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.N., C.V., A.M.-C., L.G.-C., R.A.M., S.E., J.M., J.F.B.)
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.N., C.V., A.M.-C., L.G.-C., R.A.M., S.E., J.M., J.F.B.).,Heart Diseases and Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (J.F.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sanchez-Parcerisa D, Sanz-García I, Ibáñez P, España S, Espinosa A, Gutiérrez-Neira C, López A, Vera JA, Mazal A, Fraile LM, Udías JM. Radiochromic film dosimetry for protons up to 10 MeV with EBT2, EBT3 and unlaminated EBT3 films. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 33910190 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abfc8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Passive dosimetry with radiochromic films is widely used in proton radiotherapy, both in clinical and scientific environments, thanks to its simplicity, high spatial resolution and dose-rate independence. However, film under-response for low-energy protons, the so-called linear-energy transfer (LET) quenching, must be accounted and corrected for. We perform a meta-analysis on existing film under-response data with EBT, EBT2 and EBT3 GAFchromic™ films and provide a common framework to integrate it, based on the calculation of dose-averaged LET in the active layer of the films. We also report on direct measurements with the 10 MeV proton beam at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials (CMAM) for EBT2, EBT3 and unlaminated EBT3 films, focusing on the 20-80 keVμm-1LET range, where previous data was scarce. Measured film relative efficiency (RE) values are in agreement with previously reported data from the literature. A model on film RE constructed with combined literature and own experimental values in the 5-80 keVμm-1LET range is presented, supporting the hypothesis of a linear decrease of RE with LET, with no remarkable differences between the three types of films analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanchez-Parcerisa
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Sedecal Molecular Imaging, Algete, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Sanz-García
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ibáñez
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Espinosa
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Neira
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,ALBA Synchrotron Light Source (CELLS-ALBA), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso López
- Dept. de Radiofísica y Protección Radiológica, Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Vera
- Centro de Protonterapia de Quirónsalud, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Mazal
- Centro de Protonterapia de Quirónsalud, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Mario Fraile
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Udías
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
España S, Sánchez-Parcerisa D, Ibáñez P, Sánchez-Tembleque V, Udías JM, Onecha VV, Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Bäcker CM, Bäumer C, Herrmann K, Fragoso Costa P, Timmermann B, Fraile LM. Direct proton range verification using oxygen-18 enriched water as a contrast agent. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
15
|
Mazal A, Vera Sanchez JA, Sanchez-Parcerisa D, Udias JM, España S, Sanchez-Tembleque V, Fraile LM, Bragado P, Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Gordillo N, Garcia G, Castro Novais J, Perez Moreno JM, Mayorga Ortiz L, Ilundain Idoate A, Cremades Sendino M, Ares C, Miralbell R, Schreuder N. Biological and Mechanical Synergies to Deal With Proton Therapy Pitfalls: Minibeams, FLASH, Arcs, and Gantryless Rooms. Front Oncol 2021; 10:613669. [PMID: 33585238 PMCID: PMC7874206 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.613669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy has advantages and pitfalls comparing with photon therapy in radiation therapy. Among the limitations of protons in clinical practice we can selectively mention: uncertainties in range, lateral penumbra, deposition of higher LET outside the target, entrance dose, dose in the beam path, dose constraints in critical organs close to the target volume, organ movements and cost. In this review, we combine proposals under study to mitigate those pitfalls by using individually or in combination: (a) biological approaches of beam management in time (very high dose rate “FLASH” irradiations in the order of 100 Gy/s) and (b) modulation in space (a combination of mini-beams of millimetric extent), together with mechanical approaches such as (c) rotational techniques (optimized in partial arcs) and, in an effort to reduce cost, (d) gantry-less delivery systems. In some cases, these proposals are synergic (e.g., FLASH and minibeams), in others they are hardly compatible (mini-beam and rotation). Fixed lines have been used in pioneer centers, or for specific indications (ophthalmic, radiosurgery,…), they logically evolved to isocentric gantries. The present proposals to produce fixed lines are somewhat controversial. Rotational techniques, minibeams and FLASH in proton therapy are making their way, with an increasing degree of complexity in these three approaches, but with a high interest in the basic science and clinical communities. All of them must be proven in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Sanchez-Parcerisa
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, U. Complutense Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Sedecal Molecular Imaging, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Udias
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, U. Complutense Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, U. Complutense Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Sanchez-Tembleque
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, U. Complutense Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Mario Fraile
- Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS, U. Complutense Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. U. Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. U. Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Gordillo
- Department of Applied Physics, U. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Materials Microanalysis, (CMAM), U. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaston Garcia
- Center for Materials Microanalysis, (CMAM), U. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carme Ares
- Centro de Protonterapia Quironsalud, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dupoiron D, Montesarchio V, Lecrerc J, Cinieri S, España S, Fernandez A, Sanz J, Tack J, Davies A. 1866P Preliminary quality of life and safety results of naloxegol for patients with cancer pain diagnosed with opioid induced constipation. NACASY study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
17
|
Velasco C, Mota-Cobián A, Mota RA, Pellico J, Herranz F, Galán-Arriola C, Ibáñez B, Ruiz-Cabello J, Mateo J, España S. Quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow and extracellular volume fraction using 68Ga-DOTA-PET: A feasibility and validation study in large animals. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1249-1260. [PMID: 30927149 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here we evaluated the feasibility of PET with Gallium-68 (68Ga)-labeled DOTA for non-invasive assessment of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in a pig model of myocardial infarction. We also aimed to validate MBF measurements using microspheres as a gold standard in healthy pigs. METHODS 8 healthy pigs underwent three sequential 68Ga-DOTA-PET/CT scans at rest and during pharmacological stress with simultaneous injection of fluorescent microspheres to validate MBF measurements. Myocardial infarction was induced in 5 additional pigs, which underwent 68Ga-DOTA-PET/CT examinations 7-days after reperfusion. Dynamic PET images were reconstructed and fitted to obtain MBF and ECV parametric maps. RESULTS MBF assessed with 68Ga-DOTA-PET showed good correlation (y = 0.96x + 0.11, r = 0.91) with that measured with microspheres. MBF values obtained with 68Ga-DOTA-PET in the infarcted area (LAD, left anterior descendant) were significantly reduced in comparison to remote ones LCX (left circumflex artery, P < 0.0001) and RCA (right coronary artery, P < 0.0001). ECV increased in the infarcted area (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION 68Ga-DOTA-PET allowed non-invasive assessment of MBF and ECV in pigs with myocardial infarction and under rest-stress conditions. This technique could provide wide access to quantitative measurement of both MBF and ECV with PET imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velasco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Mota-Cobián
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén A Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Charles River Laboratories España, Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Juan Pellico
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Herranz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Galán-Arriola
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian-Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
España S, Guasch I, Carcereny E. Immunotherapy rechallenge in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Pulmonology 2020; 26:252-254. [PMID: 32354686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S España
- Medical Oncology Service. Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain.
| | - I Guasch
- Radiodiagnostic Service, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - E Carcereny
- Medical Oncology Service. Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Liposomes encapsulating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), known as magnetoliposomes (MLs), have become a hot topic in biomedical research for applications in remote-triggered drug delivery and diagnostic imaging. One of the most crucial steps in the preparation of MLs is the purification of non-encapsulated MNPs, as a non-efficient purification can lead to misleading results. Purification is challenging especially when MNPs are loaded in the liposome lumen due to the small size differences between the MLs and the non-encapsulated MNPs. This work presents a comparison of three well known purification techniques, namely size exclusion chromatography, centrifugation and salt-induced aggregation, using five commercial MNPs with different configurations. The optimal purification techniques for two MNPs were studied further in the synthesis of MLs. In conclusion, we show that an efficient MLs purification requires the performance of a detailed study to select a valid method that is strongly dependent upon MNPs choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mota-Cobián
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fernández-Friera L, Fuster V, López-Melgar B, Oliva B, Sánchez-González J, Macías A, Pérez-Asenjo B, Zamudio D, Alonso-Farto JC, España S, Mendiguren J, Bueno H, García-Ruiz JM, Ibañez B, Fernández-Ortiz A, Sanz J. Vascular Inflammation in Subclinical Atherosclerosis Detected by Hybrid PET/MRI. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:1371-1382. [PMID: 30922468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, but data on arterial inflammation at early stages is limited. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to characterize vascular inflammation by hybrid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI). METHODS Carotid, aortic, and ilio-femoral 18F-FDG PET/MRI was performed in 755 individuals (age 40 to 54 years; 83.7% men) with known plaques detected by 2-/3-dimensional vascular ultrasound and/or coronary calcification in the PESA (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) study. The authors evaluated the presence, distribution, and number of arterial inflammatory foci (increased 18F-FDG uptake) and plaques with or without inflammation (coincident 18F-FDG uptake). RESULTS Arterial inflammation was present in 48.2% of individuals (24.4% femorals, 19.3% aorta, 15.8% carotids, and 9.3% iliacs) and plaques in 90.1% (73.9% femorals, 55.8% iliacs, and 53.1% carotids). 18F-FDG arterial uptakes and plaques significantly increased with cardiovascular risk factors (p < 0.01). Coincident 18F-FDG uptakes were present in 287 of 2,605 (11%) plaques, and most uptakes were detected in plaque-free arterial segments (459 of 746; 61.5%). Plaque burden, defined by plaque presence, number, and volume, was significantly higher in individuals with arterial inflammation than in those without (p < 0.01). The number of plaques and 18F-FDG uptakes showed a positive albeit weak correlation (r = 0.25; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Arterial inflammation is highly prevalent in middle-aged individuals with known subclinical atherosclerosis. Large-scale multiterritorial PET/MRI allows characterization of atherosclerosis-related arterial inflammation and demonstrates 18F-FDG uptake in plaque-free arterial segments and, less frequently, within plaques. These findings suggest an arterial inflammatory state at early stages of atherosclerosis. (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis [PESA]; NCT01410318).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe-CIEC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERV, Madrid, Spain; Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Beatriz López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe-CIEC, Madrid, Spain; Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Oliva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-González
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Philips Healthcare, Iberia, Spain
| | - Angel Macías
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Zamudio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Alonso-Farto
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Héctor Bueno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M García-Ruiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBERV, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes Gijón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBERV, Madrid, Spain; IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ortiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBERV, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sanz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Velasco C, Mota-Cobián A, Mateo J, España S. Explicit measurement of multi-tracer arterial input function for PET imaging using blood sampling spectroscopy. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:7. [PMID: 32030519 PMCID: PMC7005194 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-0277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional PET imaging has usually been limited to a single tracer per scan. We propose a new technique for multi-tracer PET imaging that uses dynamic imaging and multi-tracer compartment modeling including an explicitly derived arterial input function (AIF) for each tracer using blood sampling spectroscopy. For that purpose, at least one of the co-injected tracers must be based on a non-pure positron emitter. Methods The proposed technique was validated in vivo by performing cardiac PET/CT studies on three healthy pigs injected with 18FDG (viability) and 68Ga-DOTA (myocardial blood flow and extracellular volume fraction) during the same acquisition. Blood samples were collected during the PET scan, and separated AIF for each tracer was obtained by spectroscopic analysis. A multi-tracer compartment model was applied to the myocardium in order to obtain the distribution of each tracer at the end of the PET scan. Relative activities of both tracers and tracer uptake were obtained and compared with the values obtained by ex vivo analysis of excised myocardial tissue segments. Results A high correlation was obtained between multi-tracer PET results, and those obtained from ex vivo analysis (18FDG relative activity: r = 0.95, p < 0.0001; SUV: r = 0.98, p < 0.0001). Conclusions The proposed technique allows performing PET scans with two tracers during the same acquisition obtaining separate information for each tracer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velasco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Mota-Cobián
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
García-Pérez P, España S. Simultaneous emission and attenuation reconstruction in time-of-flight PET using a reference object. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:3. [PMID: 31932984 PMCID: PMC6957598 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-0272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Simultaneous reconstruction of emission and attenuation images in time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) does not provide a unique solution. In this study, we propose to solve this limitation by including additional information given by a reference object with known attenuation placed outside the patient. Different configurations of the reference object were studied including geometry, material composition, and activity, and an optimal configuration was defined. In addition, this configuration was tested for different timing resolutions and noise levels. Results The proposed strategy was tested in 2D simulations obtained by forward projection of available PET/CT data and noise was included using Monte Carlo techniques. Obtained results suggest that the optimal configuration corresponds to a water cylinder inserted in the patient table and filled with activity. In that case, mean differences between reconstructed and true images were below 10%. However, better results can be obtained by increasing the activity of the reference object. Conclusion This study shows promising results that might allow to obtain an accurate attenuation map from pure TOF-PET data without prior knowledge obtained from CT, MRI, or transmission scans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Pérez
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Velasco C, Mota-Cobián A, Mateo J, España S. Development of a blood sample detector for multi-tracer positron emission tomography using gamma spectroscopy. EJNMMI Phys 2019; 6:25. [PMID: 31845002 PMCID: PMC6915254 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-019-0263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be accomplished by applying multi-tracer compartment modeling. Recently, a method has been proposed in which the arterial input functions (AIFs) of the multi-tracer PET scan are explicitly derived. For that purpose, a gamma spectroscopic analysis is performed on blood samples manually withdrawn from the patient when at least one of the co-injected tracers is based on a non-pure positron emitter. Alternatively, these blood samples required for the spectroscopic analysis may be obtained and analyzed on site by an automated detection device, thus minimizing analysis time and radiation exposure of the operating personnel. In this work, a new automated blood sample detector based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for single- and multi-tracer PET imaging is presented, characterized, and tested in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The detector presented in this work stores and analyzes on-the-fly single and coincidence detected events. A sensitivity of 22.6 cps/(kBq/mL) and 1.7 cps/(kBq/mL) was obtained for single and coincidence events respectively. An energy resolution of 35% full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) at 511 keV and a minimum detectable activity of 0.30 ± 0.08 kBq/mL in single mode were obtained. The in vivo AIFs obtained with the detector show an excellent Pearson's correlation (r = 0.996, p < 0.0001) with the ones obtained from well counter analysis of discrete blood samples. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrate the capability of the detector to apply the gamma spectroscopic analysis on a mixture of 68Ga and 18F and separate the individual signal emitted from each one. CONCLUSIONS Characterization and in vivo evaluation under realistic experimental conditions showed that the detector proposed in this work offers excellent sensibility and stability. The device also showed to successfully separate individual signals emitted from a mixture of radioisotopes. Therefore, the blood sample detector presented in this study allows fully automatic AIFs measurements during single- and multi-tracer PET studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velasco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid; IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Mota-Cobián
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid; IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid; IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Carcereny E, Esteve A, Estival A, Domenech M, Angelats L, Erasun C, Gonzalez A, Plaja A, Garcia N, España S, Cucurull M, Ferrando A, Pous A, Notario L, Martin SS, Garcia CV, Moran T. EP1.01-37 Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (CT) Rechallenge in Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients (p): A Single Institution Experience. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
25
|
Lecuona CE, Gonzalez A, Esteve A, Domenech M, Felip E, Cucurull M, Angelats L, España S, Ferrando A, Plaja A, Notario L, Pous A, Moran T, Carcereny E. P1.16-44 Multiple Primary Cancers (MPC) in a Cohort of Lung Cancer (LC) Patients (P): Incidence and Clinical Features. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Mota-Cobian A, Alonso-Farto J, Fernández-Friera L, Sánchez-González J, López-Melgar B, Jiménez-Borreguero L, Fuster V, Ruiz-Cabello J, España S. The effect of tissue-segmented attenuation maps on PET quantification with a special focus on large arteries. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
27
|
Morán T, Vila L, Teruel I, Erasun C, Angelats L, España S, Marc C, Garcia-Balaña N, Velarde J, Carcereny E. P1.01-062 KRAS Mutations (KRAS-Mut) and antiPD1/PDL1 Therapy in a Cohort of Lung Cancer (LC) Patients (P). Experience from a Single Institution. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
28
|
Mota-Cobian A, Alonso-Farto JC, Fernández-Friera L, Sánchez-González J, López-Melgar B, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Fuster V, Ruiz-Cabello J, España S. The effect of tissue-segmented attenuation maps on PET quantification with a special focus on large arteries. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2017. [PMID: 28641952 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accuracy on quantitative PET image analysis relies on the correct application of attenuation correction which is one of the major challenges for PET/MRI that remains to be solved. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of MRI-based attenuation maps and the use of flexible coils on the quantitative accuracy of PET images with a special focus on large arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS PET/CT data from eight oncologic patients was used. PET data was reconstructed using attenuation maps with different level of detail emulating several approaches available on current PET/MRI scanners. PET images obtained with CT-based and MRI-based attenuation maps were compared to evaluate the quantitative biases obtained. The quantitative effect produced by flexible MRI receiver coils on the attenuation maps was also studied. RESULTS The use of simpler attenuation maps produced increased biases between PET data reconstructed with CT-based and MRI-based attenuation maps for fat, non-fat soft-tissues and bone. Biases in lung were very high due to the large heterogeneity and inter-patient variability of the lung. The quantification on large arteries had small deviations except for the case when flexible coils were used. The TBR provided smaller biases in all cases as it cancelled out the similar deviations obtained for arteries and reference veins. CONCLUSIONS Simplified attenuation maps used on PET/MRI significantly increase the quantitative variability of PET images especially on lungs and bones. The quantification of PET images acquired with PET/MRI scanners applied to studies of atherosclerosis has small deviations, especially when the TBR is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mota-Cobian
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España
| | - J C Alonso-Farto
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - L Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; Hospital Universitario Montepríncipe, Madrid, España
| | | | - B López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; Hospital Universitario Montepríncipe, Madrid, España
| | - L J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - V Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, EE.UU
| | - J Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España
| | - S España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Velasco C, Mateo J, Santos A, Mota-Cobian A, Herranz F, Pellico J, Mota RA, España S, Ruiz-Cabello J. Assessment of regional pulmonary blood flow using 68Ga-DOTA PET. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:7. [PMID: 28101850 PMCID: PMC5241570 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo determination of regional pulmonary blood flow (PBF) is a valuable tool for the evaluation of many lung diseases. In this study, the use of 68Ga-DOTA PET for the in vivo quantitative determination of regional PBF is proposed. This methodology was implemented and tested in healthy pigs and validated using fluorescent microspheres. The study was performed on young large white pigs (n = 4). To assess the reproducibility and consistency of the method, three PET scans were obtained for each animal. Each radiotracer injection was performed simultaneously to the injection of fluorescent microspheres. PBF images were generated applying a two-compartment exchange model over the dynamic PET images. PET and microspheres values were compared by regression analysis and Bland–Altman plot. Results The capability of the proposed technique to produce 3D regional PBF images was demonstrated. The correlation evaluation between 68Ga-DOTA PET and microspheres showed a good and significant correlation (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). Conclusions Assessment of PBF with the proposed technique allows combining the high quantitative accuracy of PET imaging with the use of 68Ga/68Ge generators. Thus, 68Ga-DOTA PET emerges as a potential inexpensive method for measuring PBF in clinical settings with an extended use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-017-0259-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velasco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnoldo Santos
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, 02114, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Mota-Cobian
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Herranz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pellico
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben A Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Charles River, Carrer dels Argenters, 7, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesus Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Arias T, Mateo J, España S, Izquierdo JL, Jiménez-Borreguero JJ, Ruiz-Cabello JM. Non-Invasive Imaging of Lung Remodeling and Right Ventricle Metabolic Shift in an Animal Model of Pulmonary Hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10 Suppl 1:e1-e2. [PMID: 27677127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Arias
- National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Mateo
- National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - S España
- National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Izquierdo
- Advance Imaging Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Jiménez-Borreguero
- National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Ruiz-Cabello
- National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fraile L, Herraiz J, Udías J, Cal-González J, Corzo P, España S, Herranz E, Pérez-Liva M, Picado E, Vicente E, Muñoz-Martín A, Vaquero J. Experimental validation of gallium production and isotope-dependent positron range correction in PET. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
32
|
Santos A, Fernández-Friera L, Villalba M, López-Melgar B, España S, Mateo J, Mota RA, Jiménez-Borreguero J, Ruiz-Cabello J. Cardiovascular imaging: what have we learned from animal models? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:227. [PMID: 26539113 PMCID: PMC4612690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging has become an indispensable tool for patient diagnosis and follow up. Probably the wide clinical applications of imaging are due to the possibility of a detailed and high quality description and quantification of cardiovascular system structure and function. Also phenomena that involve complex physiological mechanisms and biochemical pathways, such as inflammation and ischemia, can be visualized in a non-destructive way. The widespread use and evolution of imaging would not have been possible without animal studies. Animal models have allowed for instance, (i) the technical development of different imaging tools, (ii) to test hypothesis generated from human studies and finally, (iii) to evaluate the translational relevance assessment of in vitro and ex-vivo results. In this review, we will critically describe the contribution of animal models to the use of biomedical imaging in cardiovascular medicine. We will discuss the characteristics of the most frequent models used in/for imaging studies. We will cover the major findings of animal studies focused in the cardiovascular use of the repeatedly used imaging techniques in clinical practice and experimental studies. We will also describe the physiological findings and/or learning processes for imaging applications coming from models of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In these diseases, imaging research using animals has allowed the study of aspects such as: ventricular size, shape, global function, and wall thickening, local myocardial function, myocardial perfusion, metabolism and energetic assessment, infarct quantification, vascular lesion characterization, myocardial fiber structure, and myocardial calcium uptake. Finally we will discuss the limitations and future of imaging research with animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Santos
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain ; Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben A Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Charles River Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital de La Princesa Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Torres-Espallardo I, Diblen F, Rohling H, Solevi P, Gillam J, Watts D, España S, Vandenberghe S, Fiedler F, Rafecas M. Evaluation of resistive-plate-chamber-based TOF-PET applied to in-beam particle therapy monitoring. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:N187-208. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/9/n187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
34
|
Popota FD, Aguiar P, España S, Lois C, Udias JM, Ros D, Pavia J, Gispert JD. Monte Carlo simulations versus experimental measurements in a small animal PET system. A comparison in the NEMA NU 4-2008 framework. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:151-62. [PMID: 25479341 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/1/151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work a comparison between experimental and simulated data using GATE and PeneloPET Monte Carlo simulation packages is presented. All simulated setups, as well as the experimental measurements, followed exactly the guidelines of the NEMA NU 4-2008 standards using the microPET R4 scanner. The comparison was focused on spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction and counting rates performance. Both GATE and PeneloPET showed reasonable agreement for the spatial resolution when compared to experimental measurements, although they lead to slight underestimations for the points close to the edge. High accuracy was obtained between experiments and simulations of the system's sensitivity and scatter fraction for an energy window of 350-650 keV, as well as for the counting rate simulations. The latter was the most complicated test to perform since each code demands different specifications for the characterization of the system's dead time. Although simulated and experimental results were in excellent agreement for both simulation codes, PeneloPET demanded more information about the behavior of the real data acquisition system. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first validation of these Monte Carlo codes for the full NEMA NU 4-2008 standards for small animal PET imaging systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F D Popota
- Unitat de Biofisica i Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Universidad de Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important technique in cardiovascular research. Vascular inflammation detected by fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET has been shown to predict cardiovascular (CV) events independent of traditional risk factors and is also highly associated with overall burden of atherosclerosis. The use of PET imaging in mouse models of atherosclerosis is challenged by the reduced size of the scanned organs. However, the last generation of dedicated PET scanners has an improved spatial resolution (<1 mm) and increased sensitivity allowing those studies to be performed. Here, we describe a procedure to perform FDG-PET experiments in atherosclerosis mouse models, the required equipment for animal handling and imaging, and the tools and procedures for image analysis and validation of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Bilbao
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Vaquero
- Departamento de Bioingeniería & Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería & Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Plaque development has been extensively studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in animal models of rapidly progressing atherosclerosis, such as apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE-KO) mice. Preclinical MRI plays a significant role in the study of experimental atherosclerosis. Currently, MRI is capable of detecting luminal narrowing, plaque size, and morphology with high accuracy and reproducibility, providing reliable measurements of plaque burden. Therefore, MRI offers a noninvasive approach to serially monitor the progression of the disease. Compared with other imaging modalities, MRI appears to have the greatest potential for plaque characterization, through the use of multiple contrast weightings (e.g., T1, T2, and proton density). Here, we illustrate a standard procedure to image the aorta of atherosclerotic mice using noninvasive MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marina Benito
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sanz
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute/Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute/Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Marcinkowski R, España S, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S. Optimized light sharing for high-resolution TOF PET detector based on digital silicon photomultipliers. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:7125-39. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/23/7125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
38
|
España S, Marcinkowski R, Keereman V, Vandenberghe S, Van Holen R. DigiPET: sub-millimeter spatial resolution small-animal PET imaging using thin monolithic scintillators. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:3405-20. [PMID: 24888974 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/13/3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new preclinical PET system based on dSiPMs, called DigiPET, is presented. The system is based on thin monolithic scintillation crystals and exhibits superior spatial resolution at low-cost compared to systems based on pixelated crystals. Current dedicated small-rodent PET scanners have a spatial resolution in the order of 1 mm. Most of them have a large footprint, requiring considerable laboratory space. For rodent brain imaging, a PET scanner with sub-millimeter resolution is desired. To achieve this, crystals with a pixel pitch down to 0.5 mm have been used. However, fine pixels are difficult to produce and will render systems expensive. In this work, we present the first results with a high-resolution preclinical PET scanner based on thin monolithic scintillators and a large solid angle. The design is dedicated to rat-brain imaging and therefore has a very compact geometry. Four detectors were placed in a square arrangement with a distance of 34.5 mm between two opposing detector modules, defining a field of view (FOV) of 32 × 32 × 32 mm(3). Each detector consists of a thin monolithic LYSO crystal of 32 × 32 × 2 mm(3) optically coupled to a digital silicon photomultiplier (dSiPM). Event positioning within each detector was obtained using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. To evaluate the system performance, we measured the energy resolution, coincidence resolving time (CRT), sensitivity and spatial resolution. The image quality was evaluated by acquiring a hot-rod phantom filled with (18)F-FDG and a rat head one hour after an (18)F-FDG injection. The MLE yielded an average intrinsic spatial resolution on the detector of 0.54 mm FWHM. We obtained a CRT of 680 ps and an energy resolution of 18% FWHM at 511 keV. The sensitivity and spatial resolution obtained at the center of the FOV were 6.0 cps kBq(-1) and 0.7 mm, respectively. In the reconstructed images of the hot-rod phantom, hot rods down to 0.7 mm can be discriminated. In conclusion, a compact PET scanner was built using dSiPM technology and thin monolithic LYSO crystals. Excellent spatial resolution and acceptable sensitivity were demonstrated. Promising results were also obtained in a hot-rod phantom and in rat-brain imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel España
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP, Ghent University-iMinds-IBiTech, De Pintelaan 185 block B, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Technical advances towards high resolution PET imaging try to overcome the inherent physical limitations to spatial resolution. Positrons travel in tissue until they annihilate into the two gamma photons detected. This range is the main detector-independent contribution to PET imaging blurring. To a large extent, it can be remedied during image reconstruction if accurate estimates of positron range are available. However, the existing estimates differ, and the comparison with the scarce experimental data available is not conclusive. In this work we present positron annihilation distributions obtained from Monte Carlo simulations with the PeneloPET simulation toolkit, for several common PET isotopes ((18)F, (11)C, (13)N, (15)O, (68)Ga and (82)Rb) in different biological media (cortical bone, soft bone, skin, muscle striated, brain, water, adipose tissue and lung). We compare PeneloPET simulations against experimental data and other simulation results available in the literature. To this end the different positron range representations employed in the literature are related to each other by means of a new parameterization for positron range profiles. Our results are generally consistent with experiments and with most simulations previously reported with differences of less than 20% in the mean and maximum range values. From these results, we conclude that better experimental measurements are needed, especially to disentangle the effect of positronium formation in positron range. Finally, with the aid of PeneloPET, we confirm that scaling approaches can be used to obtain universal, material and isotope independent, positron range profiles, which would considerably simplify range correction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cal-González
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cal-González J, Herraiz JL, España S, Corzo PMG, Vaquero JJ, Desco M, Udias JM. Positron range estimations with PeneloPET. Phys Med Biol 2013. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/15/5127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
41
|
España S, Deprez K, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S. Fast calibration of SPECT monolithic scintillation detectors using un-collimated sources. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:4807-25. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/14/4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
42
|
Vicente E, Herraiz JL, España S, Herranz E, Desco M, Vaquero JJ, Udías JM. Improved dead-time correction for PET scanners: application to small-animal PET. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:2059-72. [PMID: 23459028 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/7/2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pile-up and dead-time are two main causes of nonlinearity in the response of a PET scanner as a function of activity in the field of view (FOV). For a given scanner and acquisition system, pile-up effects depend on the material and size of the object being imaged and on the distribution of activity inside and outside the FOV, because these factors change the singles-to-coincidences ratio (SCR). Thus, it is difficult to devise an accurate correction that would be valid for any acquisition. In this work, we demonstrate a linear relationship between SCR and effective dead-time, which measures the effects of both dead-time (losses) and pile-up (gains and losses). This relationship allows us to propose a simple method to accurately estimate dead-time and pile-up corrections using only two calibration acquisitions with, respectively, a high and low SCR. The method has been tested with simulations and experimental data for two different scanner geometries: a scanner with large area detectors and no pile-up rejection, and a scanner composed of two full rings of smaller detectors. Our results show that the SCR correction method is accurate within 7%, even for high activities in the FOV, and avoids the bias of the standard single-parameter method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Vicente
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Carabe A, España S, Grassberger C, Paganetti H. Clinical consequences of relative biological effectiveness variations in proton radiotherapy of the prostate, brain and liver. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:2103-17. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/7/2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
44
|
Vicente E, Herraiz JL, España S, Herranz E, Desco M, Vaquero JJ, Udías JM. Improved dead-time correction for PET scanners: application to small-animal PET. Phys Med Biol 2013. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/7/2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
45
|
Abella M, Vicente E, Rodríguez-Ruano A, España S, Lage E, Desco M, Udias JM, Vaquero JJ. Misalignments calibration in small-animal PET scanners based on rotating planar detectors and parallel-beam geometry. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:7493-518. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/22/7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
46
|
Herraiz JL, España S, Cabido R, Montemayor AS, Desco M, Vaquero JJ, Udias JM. GPU-Based Fast Iterative Reconstruction of Fully 3-D PET Sinograms. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1109/tns.2011.2158113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
47
|
Herraiz J, España S, Cal-González J, Vaquero J, Desco M, Udías J. Fully 3D GPU PET reconstruction. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
48
|
Cal-González J, Herraiz J, España S, Vicente E, Herranz E, Desco M, Vaquero J, Udías J. Study of CT-based positron range correction in high resolution 3D PET imaging. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
49
|
Zhu X, España S, Daartz J, Liebsch N, Ouyang J, Paganetti H, Bortfeld TR, El Fakhri G. Monitoring proton radiation therapy with in-room PET imaging. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:4041-57. [PMID: 21677366 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/13/019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We used a mobile positron emission tomography (PET) scanner positioned within the proton therapy treatment room to study the feasibility of proton range verification with an in-room, stand-alone PET system, and compared with off-line equivalent studies. Two subjects with adenoid cystic carcinoma were enrolled into a pilot study in which in-room PET scans were acquired in list-mode after a routine fractionated treatment session. The list-mode PET data were reconstructed with different time schemes to generate in-room short, in-room long and off-line equivalent (by skipping coincidences from the first 15 min during the list-mode reconstruction) PET images for comparison in activity distribution patterns. A phantom study was followed to evaluate the accuracy of range verification for different reconstruction time schemes quantitatively. The in-room PET has a higher sensitivity compared to the off-line modality so that the PET acquisition time can be greatly reduced from 30 to <5 min. Features in deep-site, soft-tissue regions were better retained with in-room short PET acquisitions because of the collection of (15)O component and lower biological washout. For soft tissue-equivalent material, the distal fall-off edge of an in-room short acquisition is deeper compared to an off-line equivalent scan, indicating a better coverage of the high-dose end of the beam. In-room PET is a promising low cost, high sensitivity modality for the in vivo verification of proton therapy. Better accuracy in Monte Carlo predictions, especially for biological decay modeling, is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Zhu
- Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
España S, Paganetti H. SU-E-J-127: Uncertainties in Planned Dose Due to the Limited Voxel Size of the Planning CT When Treating Lung Tumors with Proton Therapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|