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Kelly SS, Suarez CA, Mirsky NA, Slavin BV, Brochu B, Vivekanand Nayak V, El Shatanofy M, Witek L, Thaller SR, Coelho PG. Application of 3D Printing in Cleft Lip and Palate Repair. J Craniofac Surg 2024:00001665-990000000-01572. [PMID: 38738906 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reviews the transformative impact of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in the treatment and management of cleft lip and palate (CLP), highlighting its application across presurgical planning, surgical training, implantable scaffolds, and postoperative care. By integrating patient-specific data through computer-aided design and manufacturing, 3D printing offers tailored solutions that improve surgical outcomes, reduce operation times, and enhance patient care. The review synthesizes current research findings, technical advancements, and clinical applications, illustrating the potential of 3D printing to revolutionize CLP treatment. Further, it discusses the future directions of combining 3D printing with other innovative technologies like artificial intelligence, 4D printing, and in situ bioprinting for more comprehensive care strategies. This paper underscores the necessity for multidisciplinary collaboration and further research to overcome existing challenges and fully utilize the capabilities of 3D printing in CLP repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie S Kelly
- Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad El Shatanofy
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Seth R Thaller
- DeWitt Daughtry Family, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
- DeWitt Daughtry Family, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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2
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Martin J, Ruthven M, Boubertakh R, Miquel ME. Realistic Dynamic Numerical Phantom for MRI of the Upper Vocal Tract. J Imaging 2020; 6:86. [PMID: 34460743 PMCID: PMC8320850 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging6090086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and real-time MRI (rtMRI) of human speech is an active field of research, with interest from both the linguistics and clinical communities. At present, different research groups are investigating a range of rtMRI acquisition and reconstruction approaches to visualise the speech organs. Similar to other moving organs, it is difficult to create a physical phantom of the speech organs to optimise these approaches; therefore, the optimisation requires extensive scanner access and imaging of volunteers. As previously demonstrated in cardiac imaging, realistic numerical phantoms can be useful tools for optimising rtMRI approaches and reduce reliance on scanner access and imaging volunteers. However, currently, no such speech rtMRI phantom exists. In this work, a numerical phantom for optimising speech rtMRI approaches was developed and tested on different reconstruction schemes. The novel phantom comprised a dynamic image series and corresponding k-space data of a single mid-sagittal slice with a temporal resolution of 30 frames per second (fps). The phantom was developed based on images of a volunteer acquired at a frame rate of 10 fps. The creation of the numerical phantom involved the following steps: image acquisition, image enhancement, segmentation, mask optimisation, through-time and spatial interpolation and finally the derived k-space phantom. The phantom was used to: (1) test different k-space sampling schemes (Cartesian, radial and spiral); (2) create lower frame rate acquisitions by simulating segmented k-space acquisitions; (3) simulate parallel imaging reconstructions (SENSE and GRAPPA). This demonstrated how such a numerical phantom could be used to optimise images and test multiple sampling strategies without extensive scanner access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Martin
- MR Physics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’s Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK;
| | - Matthieu Ruthven
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London EC1A 7BE, UK;
| | - Redha Boubertakh
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore 138667, Singapore;
| | - Marc E. Miquel
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London EC1A 7BE, UK;
- Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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3
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Preoperative Planning and Simulation in Patients With Cleft Palate Using Intraoral Three-Dimensional Scanning and Printing. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:2245-2248. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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4
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Kim YC. Fast upper airway magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of speech production and sleep apnea. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2018.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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5
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Ramanarayanan V, Tilsen S, Proctor M, Töger J, Goldstein L, Nayak KS, Narayanan S. Analysis of speech production real-time MRI. COMPUT SPEECH LANG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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Carey D, Miquel ME, Evans BG, Adank P, McGettigan C. Vocal Tract Images Reveal Neural Representations of Sensorimotor Transformation During Speech Imitation. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3064-3079. [PMID: 28334401 PMCID: PMC5939209 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Imitating speech necessitates the transformation from sensory targets to vocal tract motor output, yet little is known about the representational basis of this process in the human brain. Here, we address this question by using real-time MR imaging (rtMRI) of the vocal tract and functional MRI (fMRI) of the brain in a speech imitation paradigm. Participants trained on imitating a native vowel and a similar nonnative vowel that required lip rounding. Later, participants imitated these vowels and an untrained vowel pair during separate fMRI and rtMRI runs. Univariate fMRI analyses revealed that regions including left inferior frontal gyrus were more active during sensorimotor transformation (ST) and production of nonnative vowels, compared with native vowels; further, ST for nonnative vowels activated somatomotor cortex bilaterally, compared with ST of native vowels. Using test representational similarity analysis (RSA) models constructed from participants’ vocal tract images and from stimulus formant distances, we found that RSA searchlight analyses of fMRI data showed either type of model could be represented in somatomotor, temporal, cerebellar, and hippocampal neural activation patterns during ST. We thus provide the first evidence of widespread and robust cortical and subcortical neural representation of vocal tract and/or formant parameters, during prearticulatory ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carey
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London TW20 0EX, UK.,Combined Universities Brain Imaging Centre, Royal Holloway, University of London, London TW20 0EX, UK.,The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc E Miquel
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Bronwen G Evans
- Department of Speech, Hearing & Phonetic Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Patti Adank
- Department of Speech, Hearing & Phonetic Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carolyn McGettigan
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London TW20 0EX, UK.,Combined Universities Brain Imaging Centre, Royal Holloway, University of London, London TW20 0EX, UK.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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7
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Carey D, McGettigan C. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and vocal tract: Applications to the study of speech production and language learning. Neuropsychologia 2016; 98:201-211. [PMID: 27288115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The human vocal system is highly plastic, allowing for the flexible expression of language, mood and intentions. However, this plasticity is not stable throughout the life span, and it is well documented that adult learners encounter greater difficulty than children in acquiring the sounds of foreign languages. Researchers have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to interrogate the neural substrates of vocal imitation and learning, and the correlates of individual differences in phonetic "talent". In parallel, a growing body of work using MR technology to directly image the vocal tract in real time during speech has offered primarily descriptive accounts of phonetic variation within and across languages. In this paper, we review the contribution of neural MRI to our understanding of vocal learning, and give an overview of vocal tract imaging and its potential to inform the field. We propose methods by which our understanding of speech production and learning could be advanced through the combined measurement of articulation and brain activity using MRI - specifically, we describe a novel paradigm, developed in our laboratory, that uses both MRI techniques to for the first time map directly between neural, articulatory and acoustic data in the investigation of vocalisation. This non-invasive, multimodal imaging method could be used to track central and peripheral correlates of spoken language learning, and speech recovery in clinical settings, as well as provide insights into potential sites for targeted neural interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carey
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Carolyn McGettigan
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
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8
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Fu M, Barlaz MS, Holtrop JL, Perry JL, Kuehn DP, Shosted RK, Liang ZP, Sutton BP. High-frame-rate full-vocal-tract 3D dynamic speech imaging. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:1619-1629. [PMID: 27099178 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To achieve high temporal frame rate, high spatial resolution and full-vocal-tract coverage for three-dimensional dynamic speech MRI by using low-rank modeling and sparse sampling. METHODS Three-dimensional dynamic speech MRI is enabled by integrating a novel data acquisition strategy and an image reconstruction method with the partial separability model: (a) a self-navigated sparse sampling strategy that accelerates data acquisition by collecting high-nominal-frame-rate cone navigator sand imaging data within a single repetition time, and (b) are construction method that recovers high-quality speech dynamics from sparse (k,t)-space data by enforcing joint low-rank and spatiotemporal total variation constraints. RESULTS The proposed method has been evaluated through in vivo experiments. A nominal temporal frame rate of 166 frames per second (defined based on a repetition time of 5.99 ms) was achieved for an imaging volume covering the entire vocal tract with a spatial resolution of 2.2 × 2.2 × 5.0 mm3 . Practical utility of the proposed method was demonstrated via both validation experiments and a phonetics investigation. CONCLUSION Three-dimensional dynamic speech imaging is possible with full-vocal-tract coverage, high spatial resolution and high nominal frame rate to provide dynamic speech data useful for phonetic studies. Magn Reson Med 77:1619-1629, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojing Fu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Marissa S Barlaz
- Linguistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph L Holtrop
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jamie L Perry
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - David P Kuehn
- Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan K Shosted
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Linguistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhi-Pei Liang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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9
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Lingala SG, Sutton BP, Miquel ME, Nayak KS. Recommendations for real-time speech MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 43:28-44. [PMID: 26174802 PMCID: PMC5079859 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) is being increasingly used for speech and vocal production research studies. Several imaging protocols have emerged based on advances in RT-MRI acquisition, reconstruction, and audio-processing methods. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art, discusses technical considerations, and provides specific guidance for new groups entering this field. We provide recommendations for performing RT-MRI of the upper airway. This is a consensus statement stemming from the ISMRM-endorsed Speech MRI summit held in Los Angeles, February 2014. A major unmet need identified at the summit was the need for consensus on protocols that can be easily adapted by researchers equipped with conventional MRI systems. To this end, we provide a discussion of tradeoffs in RT-MRI in terms of acquisition requirements, a priori assumptions, artifacts, computational load, and performance for different speech tasks. We provide four recommended protocols and identify appropriate acquisition and reconstruction tools. We list pointers to open-source software that facilitate implementation. We conclude by discussing current open challenges in the methodological aspects of RT-MRI of speech.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad P. Sutton
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
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10
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Wundrak S, Paul J, Ulrici J, Hell E, Geibel MA, Bernhardt P, Rottbauer W, Rasche V. A self-gating method for time-resolved imaging of nonuniform motion. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:919-25. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wundrak
- Department of Internal Medicine II; University Hospital of Ulm; Germany
- Sirona Dental Systems, Imaging Systems; Bensheim Germany
| | - Jan Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine II; University Hospital of Ulm; Germany
| | | | - Erich Hell
- Sirona Dental Systems, Imaging Systems; Bensheim Germany
| | - Margrit-Ann Geibel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Ulm; Germany
| | - Peter Bernhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine II; University Hospital of Ulm; Germany
| | | | - Volker Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II; University Hospital of Ulm; Germany
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11
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Inouye JM, Perry JL, Lin KY, Blemker SS. A Computational Model Quantifies the Effect of Anatomical Variability on Velopharyngeal Function. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2015; 58:1119-1133. [PMID: 26049120 PMCID: PMC4765197 DOI: 10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-15-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study predicted the effects of velopharyngeal (VP) anatomical parameters on VP function to provide a greater understanding of speech mechanics and aid in the treatment of speech disorders. METHOD We created a computational model of the VP mechanism using dimensions obtained from magnetic resonance imaging measurements of 10 healthy adults. The model components included the levator veli palatini (LVP), the velum, and the posterior pharyngeal wall, and the simulations were based on material parameters from the literature. The outcome metrics were the VP closure force and LVP muscle activation required to achieve VP closure. RESULTS Our average model compared favorably with experimental data from the literature. Simulations of 1,000 random anatomies reflected the large variability in closure forces observed experimentally. VP distance had the greatest effect on both outcome metrics when considering the observed anatomic variability. Other anatomical parameters were ranked by their predicted influences on the outcome metrics. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the implication that interventions for VP dysfunction that decrease anterior to posterior VP portal distance, increase velar length, and/or increase LVP cross-sectional area may be very effective. Future modeling studies will help to further our understanding of speech mechanics and optimize treatment of speech disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kant Y. Lin
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
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12
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Wundrak S, Paul J, Ulrici J, Hell E, Rasche V. A Small Surrogate for the Golden Angle in Time-Resolved Radial MRI Based on Generalized Fibonacci Sequences. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2015; 34:1262-1269. [PMID: 25532172 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2014.2382572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In golden angle radial magnetic resonance imaging a constant azimuthal radial profile spacing of 111.246...(°) guarantees a nearly uniform azimuthal profile distribution in k-space for an arbitrary number of radial profiles. Even though this profile order is advantageous for various real-time imaging methods, in combination with balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequences the large azimuthal angle increment may lead to strong image artifacts, due to the varying eddy currents introduced by the rapidly switching gradient scheme. Based on a generalized Fibonacci sequence, a new sequence of smaller irrational angles is introduced ( 49.750...(°), 32.039...(°), 27.198...(°), 23.628...(°), ... ). The subsequent profile orders guarantee the same sampling efficiency as the golden angle if at least a minimum number of radial profiles is used for reconstruction. The suggested angular increments are applied for dynamic imaging of the heart and the temporomandibular joint. It is shown that for balanced SSFP sequences, trajectories using the smaller golden angle surrogates strongly reduce the image artifacts, while the free retrospective choice of the reconstruction window width is maintained.
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13
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Fu M, Zhao B, Carignan C, Shosted RK, Perry JL, Kuehn DP, Liang ZP, Sutton BP. High-resolution dynamic speech imaging with joint low-rank and sparsity constraints. Magn Reson Med 2015; 73:1820-32. [PMID: 24912452 PMCID: PMC4261062 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To enable dynamic speech imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution and full-vocal-tract spatial coverage, leveraging recent advances in sparse sampling. METHODS An imaging method is developed to enable high-speed dynamic speech imaging exploiting low-rank and sparsity of the dynamic images of articulatory motion during speech. The proposed method includes: (a) a novel data acquisition strategy that collects spiral navigators with high temporal frame rate and (b) an image reconstruction method that derives temporal subspaces from navigators and reconstructs high-resolution images from sparsely sampled data with joint low-rank and sparsity constraints. RESULTS The proposed method has been systematically evaluated and validated through several dynamic speech experiments. A nominal imaging speed of 102 frames per second (fps) was achieved for a single-slice imaging protocol with a spatial resolution of 2.2 × 2.2 × 6.5 mm(3) . An eight-slice imaging protocol covering the entire vocal tract achieved a nominal imaging speed of 12.8 fps with the identical spatial resolution. The effectiveness of the proposed method and its practical utility was also demonstrated in a phonetic investigation. CONCLUSION High spatiotemporal resolution with full-vocal-tract spatial coverage can be achieved for dynamic speech imaging experiments with low-rank and sparsity constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojing Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Ryan K. Shosted
- Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jamie L. Perry
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - David P. Kuehn
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Zhi-Pei Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Bradley P. Sutton
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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14
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Scott AD, Wylezinska M, Birch MJ, Miquel ME. Speech MRI: morphology and function. Phys Med 2014; 30:604-18. [PMID: 24880679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an increasing role in the study of speech. This article reviews the MRI literature of anatomical imaging, imaging for acoustic modelling and dynamic imaging. It describes existing imaging techniques attempting to meet the challenges of imaging the upper airway during speech and examines the remaining hurdles and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Scott
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom; NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, The Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Marzena Wylezinska
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom; Barts and The London NIHR CVBRU, London Chest Hospital, London E2 9JX, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm J Birch
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Marc E Miquel
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom; Barts and The London NIHR CVBRU, London Chest Hospital, London E2 9JX, United Kingdom.
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15
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Inouye JM, Blemker SS, Inouye DI. Towards undistorted and noise-free speech in an MRI scanner: correlation subtraction followed by spectral noise gating. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 135:1019-1022. [PMID: 24606243 DOI: 10.1121/1.4864482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Noise cancellation in an MRI environment is difficult due to the high noise levels that are in the spectral range of human speech. This paper describes a two-step method to cancel MRI noise that combines operations in both the time domain (correlation subtraction) and the frequency domain (spectral noise gating). The resulting filtered recording has a noise power suppression of over 100 dB, a significant improvement over previously described techniques on MRI noise cancellation. The distortion is lower and the noise suppression higher than using spectral noise gating in isolation. Implementation of this method will aid in detailed studies of speech in relation to vocal tract and velopharyngeal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Inouye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22902
| | - Silvia S Blemker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22902
| | - David I Inouye
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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