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The effects of geometry on stiffness measurements in high-field magnetic resonance elastography: A study on rodent cardiac phantoms. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 133:105302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Abstract
Major advances in biomedical imaging have occurred over the last 2 decades and now allow many physiological, cellular, and molecular processes to be imaged noninvasively in small animal models of cardiovascular disease. Many of these techniques can be also used in humans, providing pathophysiological context and helping to define the clinical relevance of the model. Ultrasound remains the most widely used approach, and dedicated high-frequency systems can obtain extremely detailed images in mice. Likewise, dedicated small animal tomographic systems have been developed for magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, fluorescence imaging, and computed tomography in mice. In this article, we review the use of ultrasound and positron emission tomography in small animal models, as well as emerging contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance such as diffusion tensor imaging, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, magnetic resonance elastography and strain, arterial spin labeling, and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sosnovik
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Research Center (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (D.E.S.)
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.S.-C)
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3
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Jordan JEL, Bertalan G, Meyer T, Tzschätzsch H, Gauert A, Bramè L, Herthum H, Safraou Y, Schröder L, Braun J, Hagemann AIH, Sack I. Microscopic multifrequency MR elastography for mapping viscoelasticity in zebrafish. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1435-1445. [PMID: 34752638 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become an important animal model in a wide range of biomedical research disciplines. Growing awareness of the role of biomechanical properties in tumor progression and neuronal development has led to an increasing interest in the noninvasive mapping of the viscoelastic properties of zebrafish by elastography methods applicable to bulky and nontranslucent tissues. METHODS Microscopic multifrequency MR elastography is introduced for mapping shear wave speed (SWS) and loss angle (φ) as markers of stiffness and viscosity of muscle, brain, and neuroblastoma tumors in postmortem zebrafish with 60 µm in-plane resolution. Experiments were performed in a 7 Tesla MR scanner at 1, 1.2, and 1.4 kHz driving frequencies. RESULTS Detailed zebrafish viscoelasticity maps revealed that the midbrain region (SWS = 3.1 ± 0.7 m/s, φ = 1.2 ± 0.3 radian [rad]) was stiffer and less viscous than telencephalon (SWS = 2.6 ± 0. 5 m/s, φ = 1.4 ± 0.2 rad) and optic tectum (SWS = 2.6 ± 0.5 m/s, φ = 1.3 ± 0.4 rad), whereas the cerebellum (SWS = 2.9 ± 0.6 m/s, φ = 0.9 ± 0.4 rad) was stiffer but less viscous than both (all p < .05). Overall, brain tissue (SWS = 2.9 ± 0.4 m/s, φ = 1.2 ± 0.2 rad) had similar stiffness but lower viscosity values than muscle tissue (SWS = 2.9 ± 0.5 m/s, φ = 1.4 ± 0.2 rad), whereas neuroblastoma (SWS = 2.4 ± 0.3 m/s, φ = 0.7 ± 0.1 rad, all p < .05) was the softest and least viscous tissue. CONCLUSION Microscopic multifrequency MR elastography-generated maps of zebrafish show many details of viscoelasticity and resolve tissue regions, of great interest in neuromechanical and oncological research and for which our study provides first reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gergely Bertalan
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Meyer
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Tzschätzsch
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Gauert
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Bramè
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helge Herthum
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasmine Safraou
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja I H Hagemann
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Troelstra MA, Runge JH, Burnhope E, Polcaro A, Guenthner C, Schneider T, Razavi R, Ismail TF, Martorell J, Sinkus R. Shear wave cardiovascular MR elastography using intrinsic cardiac motion for transducer-free non-invasive evaluation of myocardial shear wave velocity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1403. [PMID: 33446701 PMCID: PMC7809276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in myocardial stiffness may represent a valuable biomarker for early tissue injury or adverse remodeling. In this study, we developed and validated a novel transducer-free magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) approach for quantifying myocardial biomechanics using aortic valve closure-induced shear waves. Using motion-sensitized two-dimensional pencil beams, septal shear waves were imaged at high temporal resolution. Shear wave speed was measured using time-of-flight of waves travelling between two pencil beams and corrected for geometrical biases. After validation in phantoms, results from twelve healthy volunteers and five cardiac patients (two left ventricular hypertrophy, two myocardial infarcts, and one without confirmed pathology) were obtained. Torsional shear wave speed in the phantom was 3.0 ± 0.1 m/s, corresponding with reference speeds of 2.8 ± 0.1 m/s. Geometrically-biased flexural shear wave speed was 1.9 ± 0.1 m/s, corresponding with simulation values of 2.0 m/s. Corrected septal shear wave speeds were significantly higher in patients than healthy volunteers [14.1 (11.0-15.8) m/s versus 3.6 (2.7-4.3) m/s, p = 0.001]. The interobserver 95%-limits-of-agreement in healthy volunteers were ± 1.3 m/s and interstudy 95%-limits-of-agreement - 0.7 to 1.2 m/s. In conclusion, myocardial shear wave speed can be measured using aortic valve closure-induced shear waves, with cardiac patients showing significantly higher shear wave speeds than healthy volunteers. This non-invasive measure may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Amber Troelstra
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Henk Runge
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Burnhope
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Polcaro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Guenthner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torben Schneider
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Philips, Guildford, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tevfik F Ismail
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jordi Martorell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ralph Sinkus
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Inserm U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Paris, France
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5
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Palnitkar H, Henry BM, Dai Z, Peng Y, Mansy HA, Sandler RH, Balk RA, Royston TJ. Sound transmission in human thorax through airway insonification: an experimental and computational study with diagnostic applications. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:2239-2258. [PMID: 32666412 PMCID: PMC7501255 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases and injury lead to structural and functional changes in the lung parenchyma and airways, often resulting in measurable sound transmission changes on the chest wall surface. Additionally, noninvasive imaging of externally driven mechanical wave motion in the chest (e.g., using magnetic resonance elastography) can provide information about lung stiffness and other structural property changes which may be of diagnostic value. In the present study, a comprehensive computational simulation (in silico) model was developed to simulate sound wave propagation in the airways, parenchyma, and chest wall under normal and pathological conditions that create distributed structural (e.g., pneumothoraces) and diffuse material (e.g., fibrosis) changes, as well as a localized structural and material changes as may be seen with a neoplasm. Experiments were carried out in normal subjects to validate the baseline model. Sound waves with frequency content from 50 to 600 Hz were introduced into the airways of three healthy human subjects through the mouth, and transthoracic transmitted waves were measured by scanning laser Doppler vibrometry at the chest wall surface. The computational model predictions of a frequency-dependent decreased sound transmission due to pneumothorax were consistent with experimental measurements reported in previous work. Predictions for the case of fibrosis show that while shear wave motion is altered, changes to compression wave propagation are negligible, and thus, insonification, which primarily drives compression waves, is not ideal to detect the presence of fibrosis. Results from the numerical simulation of a tumor show an increase in the wavelength of propagating waves in the immediate vicinity of the tumor region. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Palnitkar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Brian M Henry
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Zoujun Dai
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | | | | | - Robert A Balk
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Thomas J Royston
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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6
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Palnitkar H, Reiter RO, Majumdar S, Lewis P, Hammersley M, Shah RN, Royston TJ, Klatt D. An investigation into the relationship between inhomogeneity and wave shapes in phantoms and ex vivo skeletal muscle using Magnetic Resonance Elastography and finite element analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 98:108-120. [PMID: 31226553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Soft biological tissues such as skeletal muscle and brain white matter can be inhomogeneous and anisotropic due to the presence of fibers. Unlike biological tissue, phantoms with known microstructure and defined mechanical properties enable a quantitative assessment and systematic investigation of the influence of inhomogeneities on the nature of shear wave propagation. This study introduces a mathematical measure for the wave shape, which the authors call as the 1-Norm, to determine the conditions under which homogenization may be a valid approach. This is achieved through experimentation using the Magnetic Resonance Elastography technique on 3D printed inhomogeneous fiber phantoms as well as on ex-vivo porcine lumbus muscle. In addition, Finite Element Analysis is used as a tool to decouple the effects of directional anisotropy from those of inhomogeneity. A correlation is then established between the values of 1-Norm derived from the wave front geometry, and the spacing (d) between neighboring inhomogeneities (spherical inclusions or fibers and fiber intersections in phantoms and muscle). Smaller values of 1-Norm indicate less wave scattering at the locations of fiber intersections, which implies that the wave propagation may be approximated to that of a homogeneous medium; homogenization may not be a valid approximation when significant scattering occurs at the locations of inhomogeneities. In conclusion, the current study proposes 1-Norm as a quantitative measure of the magnitude of wave scattering in a medium, which can potentially be used as a homogeneity index of a biological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Palnitkar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Rolf O Reiter
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Shreyan Majumdar
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Phillip Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Margaret Hammersley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Ramille N Shah
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Thomas J Royston
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA; Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Dieter Klatt
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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Khan S, Fakhouri F, Majeed W, Kolipaka A. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance elastography: A review. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3853. [PMID: 29193358 PMCID: PMC5975119 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. These cardiovascular diseases are associated with mechanical changes in the myocardium and aorta. It is known that stiffness is altered in many diseases, including the spectrum of ischemia, diastolic dysfunction, hypertension and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In addition, the stiffness of the aortic wall is altered in multiple diseases, including hypertension, coronary artery disease and aortic aneurysm formation. For example, in diastolic dysfunction in which the ejection fraction is preserved, stiffness can potentially be an important biomarker. Similarly, in aortic aneurysms, stiffness can provide valuable information with regard to rupture potential. A number of studies have addressed invasive and non-invasive approaches to test and measure the mechanical properties of the myocardium and aorta. One of the non-invasive approaches is magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). MRE is a phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures tissue stiffness non-invasively. This review article highlights the technical details and application of MRE in the quantification of myocardial and aortic stiffness in different disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Faisal Fakhouri
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Waqas Majeed
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Arunark Kolipaka
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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8
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Guidetti M, Royston TJ. Analytical solution for converging elliptic shear wave in a bounded transverse isotropic viscoelastic material with nonhomogeneous outer boundary. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 144:2312. [PMID: 30404507 PMCID: PMC6197985 DOI: 10.1121/1.5064372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic elastography methods-based on optical, ultrasonic, or magnetic resonance imaging-are being developed for quantitatively mapping the shear viscoelastic properties of biological tissues, which are often altered by disease and injury. These diagnostic imaging methods involve analysis of shear wave motion in order to estimate or reconstruct the tissue's shear viscoelastic properties. Most reconstruction methods to date have assumed isotropic tissue properties. However, application to tissues like skeletal muscle and brain white matter with aligned fibrous structure resulting in local transverse isotropic mechanical properties would benefit from analysis that takes into consideration anisotropy. A theoretical approach is developed for the elliptic shear wave pattern observed in transverse isotropic materials subjected to axisymmetric excitation creating radially converging shear waves normal to the fiber axis. This approach, utilizing Mathieu functions, is enabled via a transformation to an elliptic coordinate system with isotropic properties and a ratio of minor and major axes matching the ratio of shear wavelengths perpendicular and parallel to the plane of isotropy in the transverse isotropic material. The approach is validated via numerical finite element analysis case studies. This strategy of coordinate transformation to equivalent isotropic systems could aid in analysis of other anisotropic tissue structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Guidetti
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, 851 South Morgan Street, MC 063, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Thomas J Royston
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, 851 South Morgan Street, MC 063, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Zubkov M, Hurshkainen AA, Brui EA, Glybovski SB, Gulyaev MV, Anisimov NV, Volkov DV, Pirogov YA, Melchakova IV. Small-animal, whole-body imaging with metamaterial-inspired RF coil. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3952. [PMID: 29944184 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particular applications in preclinical magnetic resonance imaging require the entire body of an animal to be imaged with sufficient quality. This is usually performed by combining regions scanned with small coils with high sensitivity or long scans using large coils with low sensitivity. Here, a metamaterial-inspired design employing a parallel array of wires operating on the principle of eigenmode hybridization was used to produce a small-animal imaging coil. The coil field distribution responsible for the coil field of view and sensitivity was simulated in an electromagnetic simulation package and the coil geometrical parameters were optimized for whole-body imaging. A prototype coil was then manufactured and assembled using brass telescopic tubes with copper plates as distributed capacitance. Its field distribution was measured experimentally using the B1+ mapping technique and was found to be in close correspondence with the simulated results. The coil field distribution was found to be suitable for large field of view small-animal imaging and the coil image quality was compared with a commercially available coil by whole-body scanning of living mice. Signal-to-noise measurements in living mice showed higher values than those of a commercially available coil with large receptive fields, and rivalled the performance of small receptive field and high-sensitivity coils. The coil was deemed to be suitable for some whole-body, small-animal preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Zubkov
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Hurshkainen
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Brui
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav B Glybovski
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Gulyaev
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Spectroscopy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Anisimov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Spectroscopy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Volkov
- Department of Physics of Accelerators and Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury A Pirogov
- Department of Photonics and Microwave Physics, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Melchakova
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Bayly PV, Garbow JR. Pre-clinical MR elastography: Principles, techniques, and applications. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 291:73-83. [PMID: 29705042 PMCID: PMC5943171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a method for measuring the mechanical properties of soft tissue in vivo, non-invasively, by imaging propagating shear waves in the tissue. The speed and attenuation of waves depends on the elastic and dissipative properties of the underlying material. Tissue mechanical properties are essential for biomechanical models and simulations, and may serve as markers of disease, injury, development, or recovery. MRE is already established as a clinical technique for detecting and characterizing liver disease. The potential of MRE for diagnosing or characterizing disease in other organs, including brain, breast, and heart is an active research area. Studies involving MRE in the pre-clinical setting, in phantoms and artificial biomaterials, in the mouse, and in other mammals, are critical to the development of MRE as a robust, reliable, and useful modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Bayly
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - J R Garbow
- Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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11
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Wang L, Chen Y, Tian R, Jiao J, Xie H, Yang L, Gao F. Quantitative assessment of salvaged myocardial zone and intramyocardial hemorrhage using non-contrast faster T2 mapping in a rat model by 7T MRI. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3425-3432. [PMID: 29042929 PMCID: PMC5639411 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the myocardial area at risk (AAR), infarction-core size (IS) and the salvaged myocardial zone (SMZ), and to evaluate the imaging and histological characteristics of intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) after myocardial infarction using non-contrast T2 mapping on 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the sham and model groups (n=10 in each). In the model group, myocardial infarction models were established by left anterior descending branch ligation. After 24 h, all animals were imaged on a 7.0 Tesla system with cine spiral imaging, T2 mapping with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). The rats were then sacrificed for measurement of the IS and AAR using 2,3,5-triphenylterazolium chloride (TTC) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. T2 mapping revealed that the AAR in the model group was significantly higher than that in the sham group. No remarkable T2 value was noted in the entire heart of the sham group. LGE and TTC staining demonstrated similar IS. T2 mapping and H&E staining revealed a similar AAR as well. T2 mapping characterized the IMH as a phenomenon resulting from the area of hypointensity in the hyperintensity involving the infarct-core zone and corresponding T2 value 928.6±1.52 msec with IMH vs. 35.8±2.61 msec without IMH; n=3 with 18 slices; P=0.032). In conclusion, non-contrast T2 mapping was a reliable approach to quantitatively evaluate the SMZ and IMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Department of Radiology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yini Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Optional Utilization of Natural Medicinal Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Huaxi University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yushu Chen
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Tian
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Fabao Gao
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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12
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Brinker S, Klatt D. Demonstration of concurrent tensile testing and magnetic resonance elastography. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 63:232-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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