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Marhabaie S, Delcey M, El Hamrani D, Vaillant F, Ginefri JC, Ozenne V, Abell E, Poirier-Quinot M, Quesson B. Remotely detuned receiver coil for high-resolution interventional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1249572. [PMID: 38028485 PMCID: PMC10643167 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1249572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interventional cardiac MRI in the context of the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia requires submillimeter image resolution to precisely characterize the cardiac substrate and guide the catheter-based ablation procedure in real-time. Conventional MRI receiver coils positioned on the thorax provide insufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial selectivity to satisfy these constraints. Methods A small circular MRI receiver coil was developed and evaluated under different experimental conditions, including high-resolution MRI anatomical and thermometric imaging at 1.5 T. From the perspective of developing a therapeutic MR-compatible catheter equipped with a receiver coil, we also propose alternative remote active detuning techniques of the receiver coil using one or two cables. Theoretical details are presented, as well as simulations and experimental validation. Results Anatomical images of the left ventricle at 170 µm in-plane resolution are provided on ex vivo beating heart from swine using a 2 cm circular receiver coil. Taking advantage of the increase of SNR at its vicinity (up to 35 fold compared to conventional receiver coils), real-time MR-temperature imaging can reach an uncertainty below 0.1°C at the submillimetric spatial resolution. Remote active detuning using two cables has similar decoupling efficiency to conventional on-site decoupling, at the cost of an acceptable decrease in the resulting SNR. Discussion This study shows the potential of small dimension surface coils for minimally invasive therapy of cardiac arrhythmia intraoperatively guided by MRI. The proposed remote decoupling approaches may simplify the construction process and reduce the cost of such single-use devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Marhabaie
- Laboratoire D'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, France
| | - Marylène Delcey
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, IHU Liryc, Bordeaux, France
- Siemens Healthineers, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | - Fanny Vaillant
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, IHU Liryc, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Ginefri
- Laboratoire D'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, France
| | - Valéry Ozenne
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, IHU Liryc, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emma Abell
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, IHU Liryc, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Poirier-Quinot
- Laboratoire D'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Quesson
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, IHU Liryc, Bordeaux, France
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Mooiweer R, Rogers C, Vidya Shankar R, Razavi R, Neji R, Roujol S. Feasibility of cardiac MR thermometry at 0.55 T. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1233065. [PMID: 37859681 PMCID: PMC10584305 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1233065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency catheter ablation is an established treatment strategy for ventricular tachycardia, but remains associated with a low success rate. MR guidance of ventricular tachycardia shows promises to improve the success rate of these procedures, especially due to its potential to provide real-time information on lesion formation using cardiac MR thermometry. Modern low field MRI scanners (<1 T) are of major interest for MR-guided ablations as the potential benefits include lower costs, increased patient access and device compatibility through reduced device-induced imaging artefacts and safety constraints. However, the feasibility of cardiac MR thermometry at low field remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of cardiac MR thermometry at 0.55 T and characterized its in vivo stability (i.e., precision) using state-of-the-art techniques based on the proton resonance frequency shift method. Nine healthy volunteers were scanned using a cardiac MR thermometry protocol based on single-shot EPI imaging (3 slices in the left ventricle, 150 dynamics, TE = 41 ms). The reconstruction pipeline included image registration to align all the images, multi-baseline approach (look-up-table length = 30) to correct for respiration-induced phase variations, and temporal filtering to reduce noise in temperature maps. The stability of thermometry was defined as the pixel-wise standard deviation of temperature changes over time. Cardiac MR thermometry was successfully acquired in all subjects and the stability averaged across all subjects was 1.8 ± 1.0°C. Without multi-baseline correction, the overall stability was 2.8 ± 1.6°C. In conclusion, cardiac MR thermometry is feasible at 0.55 T and further studies on MR-guided catheter ablations at low field are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Mooiweer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Camberley, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Rogers
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rohini Vidya Shankar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Radhouene Neji
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Camberley, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Roujol
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Real-time automatic temperature regulation during in vivo MRI-guided laser-induced thermotherapy (MR-LITT). Sci Rep 2023; 13:3279. [PMID: 36841878 PMCID: PMC9968334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise control of tissue temperature during Laser-Induced Thermotherapy (LITT) procedures has the potential to improve the clinical efficiency and safety of such minimally invasive therapies. We present a method to automatically regulate in vivo the temperature increase during LITT using real-time rapid volumetric Magnetic Resonance thermometry (8 slices acquired every second, with an in-plane resolution of 1.4 mmx1.4 mm and a slice thickness of 3 mm) using the proton-resonance frequency (PRF) shift technique. The laser output power is adjusted every second using a feedback control algorithm (proportional-integral-derivative controller) to force maximal tissue temperature in the targeted region to follow a predefined temperature-time profile. The root-mean-square of the difference between the target temperature and the measured temperature ranged between 0.5 °C and 1.4 °C, for temperature increases between + 5 °C to + 30 °C above body temperature and a long heating duration (up to 15 min), showing excellent accuracy and stability of the method. These results were obtained on a 1.5 T clinical MRI scanner, showing a potential immediate clinical application of such a temperature controller during MR-guided LITT.
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4
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Ozenne V, Bour P, Denis de Senneville B, Quesson B. 3D motion strategy for online volumetric thermometry using simultaneous multi-slice EPI at 1.5T: an evaluation study. Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2194595. [PMID: 37080550 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2194595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In presence of respiratory motion, temperature mapping is altered by in-plane and through-plane displacements between successive acquisitions together with periodic phase variations. Fast 2D Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) sequence can accommodate intra-scan motion, but limited volume coverage and inter-scan motion remain a challenge during free-breathing acquisition since position offsets can arise between the different slices. METHOD To address this limitation, we evaluated a 2D simultaneous multi-slice EPI sequence with multiband (MB) acceleration during radiofrequency ablation on a mobile gel and in the liver of a volunteer (no heating). The sequence was evaluated in terms of resulting inter-scan motion, temperature uncertainty and elevation, potential false-positive heating and repeatability. Lastly, to account for potential through-plane motion, a 3D motion compensation pipeline was implemented and evaluated. RESULTS In-plane motion was compensated whatever the MB factor and temperature distribution was found in agreement during both the heating and cooling periods. No obvious false-positive temperature was observed under the conditions being investigated. Repeatability of measurements results in a 95% uncertainty below 2 °C for MB1 and MB2. Uncertainty up to 4.5 °C was reported with MB3 together with the presence of aliasing artifacts. Lastly, fast simultaneous multi-slice EPI combined with 3D motion compensation reduce residual out-of-plane motion. CONCLUSION Volumetric temperature imaging (12 slices/700 ms) could be performed with 2 °C accuracy or less, and offer tradeoffs in acquisition time or volume coverage. Such a strategy is expected to increase procedure safety by monitoring large volumes more rapidly for MR-guided thermotherapy on mobile organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Ozenne
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Bour
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bruno Quesson
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Basij M, John S, Bustamante D, Kabbani L, Maskoun W, Mehrmohammadi M. Integrated Ultrasound and Photoacoustic-Guided Laser Ablation Theranostic Endoscopic System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:67-75. [PMID: 35724291 PMCID: PMC10355465 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3184495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in ablation techniques have paved the way towards the development of safer and more effective clinical procedures for treating various maladies such as atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is characterized by rapid, chaotic atrial activation and is commonly treated using radiofrequency applicators or laser ablation catheters. However, the lack of thermal lesion formation and temperature monitoring capabilities in these devices prevents them from measuring the treatment outcome directly. In addition, poor differentiation between healthy and ablated tissues leads to incomplete ablation, which reduces safety and causes complications in patients. Hence, a novel photoacoustic (PA)-guided laser ablation theranostic device was developed around a traditional phased-array endoscope. The proposed technology provides lesion formation, tissue distinguishing, and temperature monitoring capabilities. Our results have validated the lesion monitoring capability of the proposed technology through PA correlation maps. The tissue distinguishing capability of the theranostic device was verified by the measurable differences in the PA signal between pre-and post-ablated mice myocardial tissue. The increase in the PA signal with temperature variations caused by the ablation laser confirmed the ability of the proposed device to provide temperature feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Basij
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Samuel John
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David Bustamante
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Loay Kabbani
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Waddah Maskoun
- Department of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammad Mehrmohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering at Wayne State University and Scientific member of molecular imaging at Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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Mooiweer R, Schneider R, Krafft AJ, Empanger K, Stroup J, Neofytou AP, Mukherjee RK, Williams SE, Lloyd T, O'Neill M, Razavi R, Schaeffter T, Neji R, Roujol S. Active Tracking-based cardiac triggering for MR-thermometry during radiofrequency ablation therapy in the left ventricle. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:971869. [PMID: 36093156 PMCID: PMC9453599 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.971869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac MR thermometry shows promise for real-time guidance of radiofrequency ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. This technique uses ECG triggering, which can be unreliable in this situation. A prospective cardiac triggering method was developed for MR thermometry using the active tracking (AT) signal measured from catheter microcoils. In the proposed AT-based cardiac triggering (AT-trig) sequence, AT modules were repeatedly acquired to measure the catheter motion until a cardiac trigger was identified to start cardiac MR thermometry using single-shot echo-planar imaging. The AT signal was bandpass filtered to extract the motion induced by the beating heart, and cardiac triggers were defined as the extremum (peak or valley) of the filtered AT signal. AT-trig was evaluated in a beating heart phantom and in vivo in the left ventricle of a swine during temperature stability experiments (6 locations) and during one ablation. Stability was defined as the standard deviation over time. In the phantom, AT-trig enabled triggering of MR thermometry and resulted in higher temperature stability than an untriggered sequence. In all in vivo experiments, AT-trig intervals matched ECG-derived RR intervals. Mis-triggers were observed in 1/12 AT-trig stability experiments. Comparable stability of MR thermometry was achieved using peak AT-trig (1.0 ± 0.4°C), valley AT-trig (1.1 ± 0.5°C), and ECG triggering (0.9 ± 0.4°C). These experiments show that continuously acquired AT signal for prospective cardiac triggering is feasible. MR thermometry with AT-trig leads to comparable temperature stability as with conventional ECG triggering. AT-trig could serve as an alternative cardiac triggering strategy in situations where ECG triggering is not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Mooiweer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Camberley, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Katy Empanger
- Imricor Medical Systems, Burnsville, MN, United States
| | - Jason Stroup
- Imricor Medical Systems, Burnsville, MN, United States
| | - Alexander Paul Neofytou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul K. Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven E. Williams
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lloyd
- Imricor Medical Systems, Burnsville, MN, United States
| | - Mark O'Neill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Schaeffter
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Radhouene Neji
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Camberley, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Roujol
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Schmidt EJ, Olson G, Tokuda J, Alipour A, Watkins RD, Meyer EM, Elahi H, Stevenson WG, Schweitzer J, Dumoulin CL, Johnson T, Kolandaivelu A, Loew W, Halperin HR. Intracardiac MR imaging (ICMRI) guiding-sheath with amplified expandable-tip imaging and MR-tracking for navigation and arrythmia ablation monitoring: Swine testing at 1.5 and 3T. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2885-2900. [PMID: 35142398 PMCID: PMC8957513 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Develop a deflectable intracardiac MR imaging (ICMRI) guiding-sheath to accelerate imaging during MR-guided electrophysiological (EP) interventions for radiofrequency (500 kHz) ablation (RFA) of arrythmia. Requirements include imaging at three to five times surface-coil SNR in cardiac chambers, vascular insertion, steerable-active-navigation into cardiac chambers, operation with ablation catheters, and safe levels of MR-induced heating. METHODS ICMRI's 6 mm outer-diameter (OD) metallic-braided shaft had a 2.6 mm OD internal lumen for ablation-catheter insertion. Miniature-Baluns (MBaluns) on ICMRI's 1 m shaft reduced body-coil-induced heating. Distal section was a folded "star"-shaped imaging-coil mounted on an expandable frame, with an integrated miniature low-noise-amplifier overcoming cable losses. A handle-activated movable-shaft expanded imaging-coil to 35 mm OD for imaging within cardiac-chambers. Four MR-tracking micro-coils enabled navigation and motion-compensation, assuming a tetrahedron-shape when expanded. A second handle-lever enabled distal-tip deflection. ICMRI with a protruding deflectable EP catheter were used for MR-tracked navigation and RFA using a dedicated 3D-slicer user-interface. ICMRI was tested at 3T and 1.5T in swine to evaluate (a) heating, (b) cardiac-chamber access, (c) imaging field-of-view and SNR, and (d) intraprocedural RFA lesion monitoring. RESULTS The 3T and 1.5T imaging SNR demonstrated >400% SNR boost over a 4 × 4 × 4 cm3 FOV in the heart, relative to body and spine arrays. ICMRI with MBaluns met ASTM/IEC heating limits during navigation. Tip-deflection allowed navigating ICMRI and EP catheter into atria and ventricles. Acute-lesion long-inversion-time-T1-weighted 3D-imaging (TWILITE) ablation-monitoring using ICMRI required 5:30 min, half the time needed with surface arrays alone. CONCLUSION ICMRI assisted EP-catheter navigation to difficult targets and accelerated RFA monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud J. Schmidt
- Medicine (Cardiology)Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Gregory Olson
- Cardiac Arrhythmia and Heart Failure DivisionAbbott LaboratoriesMinnetonkaMinnesotaUSA
| | - Junichi Tokuda
- RadiologyBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Akbar Alipour
- Medicine (Cardiology)Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Eric M. Meyer
- Medicine (Cardiology)Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Hassan Elahi
- Medicine (Cardiology)Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Jeffrey Schweitzer
- Cardiac Arrhythmia and Heart Failure DivisionAbbott LaboratoriesMinnetonkaMinnesotaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Loew
- RadiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
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Continuous cardiac thermometry via simultaneous catheter tracking and undersampled radial golden angle acquisition for radiofrequency ablation monitoring. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4006. [PMID: 35256627 PMCID: PMC8901729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the MRI protocol is one of the factors limiting the clinical adoption of MR temperature mapping for real-time monitoring of cardiac ablation procedures and a push-button solution would ease its use. Continuous gradient echo golden angle radial acquisition combined with intra-scan motion correction and undersampled temperature determination could be a robust and more user-friendly alternative than the ultrafast GRE-EPI sequence which suffers from sensitivity to magnetic field susceptibility artifacts and requires ECG-gating. The goal of this proof-of-concept work is to establish the temperature uncertainty as well as the spatial and temporal resolutions achievable in an Agar-gel phantom and in vivo using this method. GRE radial golden angle acquisitions were used to monitor RF ablations in a phantom and in vivo in two sheep hearts with different slice orientations. In each case, 2D rigid motion correction based on catheter micro-coil signal, tracking its motion, was performed and its impact on the temperature imaging was assessed. The temperature uncertainty was determined for three spatial resolutions (1 × 1 × 3 mm3, 2 × 2 × 3 mm3, and 3 × 3 × 3 mm3) and three temporal resolutions (0.48, 0.72, and 0.97 s) with undersampling acceleration factors ranging from 2 to 17. The combination of radial golden angle GRE acquisition, simultaneous catheter tracking, intra-scan 2D motion correction, and undersampled thermometry enabled temperature monitoring in the myocardium in vivo during RF ablations with high temporal (< 1 s) and high spatial resolution. The temperature uncertainty ranged from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.2 °C for the various temporal and spatial resolutions and, on average, remained superior to the uncertainty of an EPI acquisition while still allowing clinical monitoring of the RF ablation process. The proposed method is a robust and promising alternative to EPI acquisition to monitor in vivo RF cardiac ablations. Further studies remain required to improve the temperature uncertainty and establish its clinical applicability.
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Nayak KS, Lim Y, Campbell-Washburn AE, Steeden J. Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 55:81-99. [PMID: 33295674 PMCID: PMC8435094 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) allows for imaging dynamic processes as they occur, without relying on any repetition or synchronization. This is made possible by modern MRI technology such as fast-switching gradients and parallel imaging. It is compatible with many (but not all) MRI sequences, including spoiled gradient echo, balanced steady-state free precession, and single-shot rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement. RT-MRI has earned an important role in both diagnostic imaging and image guidance of invasive procedures. Its unique diagnostic value is prominent in areas of the body that undergo substantial and often irregular motion, such as the heart, gastrointestinal system, upper airway vocal tract, and joints. Its value in interventional procedure guidance is prominent for procedures that require multiple forms of soft-tissue contrast, as well as flow information. In this review, we discuss the history of RT-MRI, fundamental tradeoffs, enabling technology, established applications, and current trends. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna S. Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA,Address reprint requests to: K.S.N., 3740 McClintock Ave, EEB 400C, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2564, USA.
| | - Yongwan Lim
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adrienne E. Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Steeden
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, University College London, London, UK
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10
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Franson D, Dupuis A, Gulani V, Griswold M, Seiberlich N. A System for Real-Time, Online Mixed-Reality Visualization of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images. J Imaging 2021; 7:jimaging7120274. [PMID: 34940741 PMCID: PMC8709155 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7120274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-guided cardiovascular interventions are rapidly evolving procedures that necessitate imaging systems capable of rapid data acquisition and low-latency image reconstruction and visualization. Compared to alternative modalities, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is attractive for guidance in complex interventional settings thanks to excellent soft tissue contrast and large fields-of-view without exposure to ionizing radiation. However, most clinically deployed MRI sequences and visualization pipelines exhibit poor latency characteristics, and spatial integration of complex anatomy and device orientation can be challenging on conventional 2D displays. This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept system linking real-time cardiac MR image acquisition, online low-latency reconstruction, and a stereoscopic display to support further development in real-time MR-guided intervention. Data are acquired using an undersampled, radial trajectory and reconstructed via parallelized through-time radial generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) implemented on graphics processing units. Images are rendered for display in a stereoscopic mixed-reality head-mounted display. The system is successfully tested by imaging standard cardiac views in healthy volunteers. Datasets comprised of one slice (46 ms), two slices (92 ms), and three slices (138 ms) are collected, with the acquisition time of each listed in parentheses. Images are displayed with latencies of 42 ms/frame or less for all three conditions. Volumetric data are acquired at one volume per heartbeat with acquisition times of 467 ms and 588 ms when 8 and 12 partitions are acquired, respectively. Volumes are displayed with a latency of 286 ms or less. The faster-than-acquisition latencies for both planar and volumetric display enable real-time 3D visualization of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Franson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Andrew Dupuis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Vikas Gulani
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Mark Griswold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole Seiberlich
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.G.); (N.S.)
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Park SY, Singh-Moon R, Yang H, Saluja D, Hendon C. Quantification of irrigated lesion morphology using near-infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20160. [PMID: 34635764 PMCID: PMC8505541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently limited means by which lesion formation can be confirmed during radiofrequency ablation procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of NIRS-integrated RFA catheters for monitoring irrigated lesion progression, ex vivo and in vivo. Open-irrigated NIRS-ablation catheters with optical fibers were fabricated to sample tissue diffuse reflectance. Spectra from 44 irrigated lesions and 44 non-lesion sites from ex vivo swine hearts (n = 15) were used to train and evaluate a predictive model for lesion dimensions based on key spectral features. Additional studies were performed in diluted blood to assess NIRS signatures of catheter-tissue contact status. Finally, the potential of NIRS-RFA catheters for guiding lesion delivery was evaluated in a set of in vivo pilot studies conducted in healthy pigs (n = 4). Model predictions for lesion depth (R = 0.968), width (R = 0.971), and depth percentage (R = 0.924) correlated well with measured lesion dimensions. In vivo deployment in preliminary trials showed robust translational consistency of contact discrimination (P < 0.0001) and lesion depth parameters (< 3% error). NIRS empowered catheters are well suited for monitoring myocardial response to RF ablation and may provide useful intraprocedural feedback for optimizing treatment efficacy alongside current practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Rajinder Singh-Moon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Haiqiu Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Deepak Saluja
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christine Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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12
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Delcey M, Bour P, Ozenne V, Ben Hassen W, Quesson B. A fast MR-thermometry method for quantitative assessment of temperature increase near an implanted wire. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250636. [PMID: 33983935 PMCID: PMC8118538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a MR-thermometry method and associated data processing technique to predict the maximal RF-induced temperature increase near an implanted wire for any other MRI sequence. METHODS A dynamic single shot echo planar imaging sequence was implemented that interleaves acquisition of several slices every second and an energy deposition module with adjustable parameters. Temperature images were processed in real time and compared to invasive fiber-optic measurements to assess accuracy of the method. The standard deviation of temperature was measured in gel and in vivo in the human brain of a volunteer. Temperature increases were measured for different RF exposure levels in a phantom containing an inserted wire and then a MR-conditional pacemaker lead. These calibration data set were fitted to a semi-empirical model allowing estimation of temperature increase of other acquisition sequences. RESULTS The precision of the measurement obtained after filtering with a 1.6x1.6 mm2 in plane resolution was 0.2°C in gel, as well as in the human brain. A high correspondence was observed with invasive temperature measurements during RF-induced heating (0.5°C RMSE for a 11.5°C temperature increase). Temperature rises of 32.4°C and 6.5°C were reached at the tip of a wire and of a pacemaker lead, respectively. After successful fitting of temperature curves of the calibration data set, temperature rise predicted by the model was in good agreement (around 5% difference) with measured temperature by a fiber optic probe, for three other MRI sequences. CONCLUSION This method proposes a rapid and reliable quantification of the temperature rise near an implanted wire. Calibration data set and resulting fitting coefficients can be used to estimate temperature increase for any MRI sequence as function of its power and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylène Delcey
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- Siemens Healthcare, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Pierre Bour
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Valéry Ozenne
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bruno Quesson
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
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Zaltieri M, Massaroni C, Cauti FM, Schena E. Techniques for Temperature Monitoring of Myocardial Tissue Undergoing Radiofrequency Ablation Treatments: An Overview. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1453. [PMID: 33669692 PMCID: PMC7922285 DOI: 10.3390/s21041453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has received substantial attention for the treatment of multiple arrhythmias. In this scenario, there is an ever-growing demand for monitoring the temperature trend inside the tissue as it may allow an accurate control of the treatment effects, with a consequent improvement of the clinical outcomes. There are many methods for monitoring temperature in tissues undergoing RFA, which can be divided into invasive and non-invasive. This paper aims to provide an overview of the currently available techniques for temperature detection in this clinical scenario. Firstly, we describe the heat generation during RFA, then we report the principle of work of the most popular thermometric techniques and their features. Finally, we introduce their main applications in the field of cardiac RFA to explore the applicability in clinical settings of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zaltieri
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Filippo Maria Cauti
- Arrhythmology Unit, Cardiology Division, S. Giovanni Calibita Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (C.M.)
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14
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De Landro M, Ianniello J, Yon M, Wolf A, Quesson B, Schena E, Saccomandi P. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Performance Evaluation of Fast Magnetic Resonance Thermometry on Synthetic Phantom. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20226468. [PMID: 33198326 PMCID: PMC7696215 DOI: 10.3390/s20226468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing recognition of minimally invasive thermal treatment of tumors motivate the development of accurate thermometry approaches for guaranteeing the therapeutic efficacy and safety. Magnetic Resonance Thermometry Imaging (MRTI) is nowadays considered the gold-standard in thermometry for tumor thermal therapy, and assessment of its performances is required for clinical applications. This study evaluates the accuracy of fast MRTI on a synthetic phantom, using dense ultra-short Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) array, as a reference. Fast MRTI is achieved with a multi-slice gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GRE-EPI) sequence, allowing monitoring the temperature increase induced with a 980 nm laser source. The temperature distributions measured with 1 mm-spatial resolution with both FBGs and MRTI were compared. The root mean squared error (RMSE) value obtained by comparing temperature profiles showed a maximum error of 1.2 °C. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean of difference of 0.1 °C and limits of agreement 1.5/−1.3 °C. FBG sensors allowed to extensively assess the performances of the GRE-EPI sequence, in addition to the information on the MRTI precision estimated by considering the signal-to-noise ratio of the images (0.4 °C). Overall, the results obtained for the GRE-EPI fully satisfy the accuracy (~2 °C) required for proper temperature monitoring during thermal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Landro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via Giuseppe La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-2399-8571
| | - Jacopo Ianniello
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (J.I.); (E.S.)
| | - Maxime Yon
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Liryc Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France; (M.Y.); (B.Q.)
| | - Alexey Wolf
- Laboratory of Fiber Optics, Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS, 1 Acad. Koptyug Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Bruno Quesson
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Liryc Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France; (M.Y.); (B.Q.)
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (J.I.); (E.S.)
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via Giuseppe La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy;
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15
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Lutz NW, Bernard M. Contactless Thermometry by MRI and MRS: Advanced Methods for Thermotherapy and Biomaterials. iScience 2020; 23:101561. [PMID: 32954229 PMCID: PMC7489251 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of temperature variation is of primordial importance in particular areas of biomedicine. In this context, medical treatments such as hyperthermia and cryotherapy, and also the development and use of hydrogel-based biomaterials, are of particular concern. To enable accurate temperature measurement without perturbing or even destroying the biological tissue or material to be monitored, contactless thermometry methods are preferred. Among these, the most suitable are based on magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI, MRS). Here, we address the latest developments in this field as well as their current and anticipated practical applications. We highlight recent progress aimed at rendering MR thermometry faster and more reproducible, versatile, and sophisticated and provide our perspective on how these new techniques broaden the range of applications in medical treatments and biomaterial development by enabling insight into finer details of thermal behavior. Thus, these methods facilitate optimization of clinical and industrial heating and cooling protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert W. Lutz
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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16
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Hanspach J, Nagel AM, Hensel B, Uder M, Koros L, Laun FB. Sample size estimation: Current practice and considerations for original investigations in MRI technical development studies. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:2109-2116. [PMID: 33058265 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate and to provide guidance for sample size selection based on the current practice in MR technical development studies in which healthy volunteers are examined. METHODS All original articles published in Magnetic Resonance in Medicine between 2017 and 2019 were investigated and categorized according to technique, anatomical region, and magnetic field strength. The number of examined healthy volunteers (ie, the sample size) was collected and evaluated, whereas the number of patients was not considered. Papers solely measuring patients, animals, phantoms, specimens, or studies using existing data, for example, from an open databank, or consisting only of theoretical work or simulations were excluded. RESULTS The median sample size of the 882 included studies was 6. There were some peaks in the sample size distribution (eg, 1, 5, and 10). In 49.9%, 82.1%, and 95.6% of the studies, the sample size was smaller or equal to 5, 10, and 20, respectively. CONCLUSION We observed a large variance in sample sizes reflecting the variety of studies published in Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is current practice to balance the need for statistical power with the demand to minimize experiments involving healthy humans, often by choosing small sample sizes between 1 and 10. Naturally, this observation does not release an investigator from ensuring that sufficient data are acquired to reach statistical conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Hanspach
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hensel
- Center for Medical Physics and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leon Koros
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederik B Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Faller TL, Trotier AJ, Rousseau AF, Franconi JM, Miraux S, Ribot EJ. 2D multislice MP2RAGE sequence for fast T 1 mapping at 7 T: Application to mouse imaging and MR thermometry. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1430-1440. [PMID: 32083341 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 2D radial multislice MP2RAGE sequence for fast and reliable T1 mapping at 7 T in mice and for MR thermometry. METHODS The 2D-MP2RAGE sequence was performed with the following parameters: TI1 -TI2 -MP2RAGETR = 1000-3000-9000 ms. The multiple dead times within the sequence were used for interleaved multislice acquisition, enabling one to acquire six slices in 9 seconds. The excitation pulse shape, inversion selectivity, and interslice gap were optimized. In vitro comparison with the inversion-recovery sequence was performed. The T1 variations with temperature were measured on tubes with T1 ranging from 800 ms to 2000 ms. The sequence was used to acquire T1 maps continuously during 30 minutes on the brain and abdomen of healthy mice. RESULTS A three-lobe cardinal sine excitation pulse, combined with an inversion slice thickness and an interslice gap of respectively 150% and 50% of the imaging slice thickness, led to a SD and bias of the T1 measurements below 1% and 2%, respectively. A linear dependence of T1 with temperature was measured between 10°C and 60°C. In vivo, less than 1% variation was measured between successive T1 maps in the mouse brain. In the abdomen, no obvious in-plane motion artifacts were observed but respiratory motion in the slice dimension led to 6% T1 underestimation. CONCLUSION The multislice MP2RAGE sequence could be used for fast whole-body T1 mapping and MR thermometry. Its reconstruction method would enable on-the-fly reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut L Faller
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien J Trotier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice F Rousseau
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Michel Franconi
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvain Miraux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emeline J Ribot
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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18
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Besler E, Wang YC, Sahakian AV. Real-Time Radiofrequency Ablation Lesion Depth Estimation Using Multi-frequency Impedance With a Deep Neural Network and Tree-Based Ensembles. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:1890-1899. [PMID: 31675310 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2950342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Design and optimization of statistical models for use in methods for estimating radiofrequency ablation (RFA) lesion depths in soft real-time performance. METHODS Using tissue multi-frequency complex electrical impedance data collected from a low-cost embedded system, a deep neural network (NN) and tree-based ensembles (TEs) were trained for estimating the RFA lesion depth via regression. RESULTS Addition of frequency sweep data, previous depth data, and previous RF power state data boosted accuracy of the statistical models. The root mean square errors were 2 mm for NN and 0.5 mm for TEs for previous statistical models and the root mean square errors were 0.4 mm for NN and 0.04 mm for TEs for the statistical models presented in this paper. Simulation ablation performance showed a mean difference against physical measurements of 0.5 ±0.2 mm for the NN-based depth estimation method and 0.7 ±0.4 mm for the TE-based depth estimation method. CONCLUSION The results show that multi-frequency data significantly improves the depth estimation performance of the statistical models. SIGNIFICANCE The RFA lesion depth estimation methods presented in this work achieve millimeter-resolution accuracy with soft real-time performance on an ARMv7-based embedded system for potential translation to clinical RFA technologies.
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19
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Ozenne V, Bour P, de Senneville BD, Toupin S, Vaussy A, Lepetit-Coiffé M, Jaïs P, Cochet H, Quesson B. Assessment of left ventricle magnetic resonance temperature stability in patients in the presence of arrhythmias. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4160. [PMID: 31397942 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry allows visualization of lesion formation in real-time during cardiac radiofrequency (RF) ablation. The present study was performed to evaluate the precision of MR thermometry without RF heating in patients exhibiting cardiac arrhythmia in a clinical setting. The evaluation relied on quantification of changes in temperature measurements caused by noise and physiological motion. METHODS Fourteen patients referred for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging underwent an extra sequence to test the temperature mapping stability during free-breathing acquisition. Phase images were acquired using a multi-slice, cardiac-triggered, single-shot echo planar imaging sequence. Temperature maps were calculated and displayed in real-time while the electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded. The precision of temperature measurement was assessed by measuring the temporal standard deviation and temporal mean of consecutive temperature maps over a period of three minutes. The cardiac cycle was analyzed from ECG recordings to quantify the impact of arrhythmia events on the precision of temperature measurement. Finally, two retrospective strategies were tested to remove acquisition dynamics related either to arrhythmia events or sudden breathing motion. RESULTS ECG synchronization allowed categorization of inter-beat intervals (RR) into distinct beat morphologies. Five patients were in stable sinus rhythm, while nine patients showed irregular RR intervals due to ectopic beats. An average temporal standard deviation of temperature of 1.6°C was observed in patients under sinus rhythm with a frame rate corresponding to the heart rate of the patient. The temporal standard deviation rose to 2.5°C in patients with arrhythmia. The retrospective rejection strategies increased the temperature precision measurement while maintaining a sufficient frame rate. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that real-time cardiac MR thermometry shows good precision in patients under clinical conditions, even in the presence of arrhythmia. By providing real-time visualization of temperature distribution within the myocardium during RF delivery, MR thermometry could prevent insufficient or excessive heating and thus improve safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Ozenne
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Bour
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Solenn Toupin
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Siemens Healthcare France, Saint Denis, France
| | - Alexis Vaussy
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Siemens Healthcare France, Saint Denis, France
| | | | - Pierre Jaïs
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hubert Cochet
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Quesson
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Mukherjee RK, Whitaker J, Williams SE, Razavi R, O'Neill MD. Magnetic resonance imaging guidance for the optimization of ventricular tachycardia ablation. Europace 2019; 20:1721-1732. [PMID: 29584897 PMCID: PMC6212773 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter ablation has an important role in the management of patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) but is limited by modest long-term success rates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide valuable anatomic and functional information as well as potentially improve identification of target sites for ablation. A major limitation of current MRI protocols is the spatial resolution required to identify the areas of tissue responsible for VT but recent developments have led to new strategies which may improve substrate assessment. Potential ways in which detailed information gained from MRI may be utilized during electrophysiology procedures include image integration or performing a procedure under real-time MRI guidance. Image integration allows pre-procedural magnetic resonance (MR) images to be registered with electroanatomical maps to help guide VT ablation and has shown promise in preliminary studies. However, multiple errors can arise during this process due to the registration technique used, changes in ventricular geometry between the time of MRI and the ablation procedure, respiratory and cardiac motion. As isthmus sites may only be a few millimetres wide, reducing these errors may be critical to improve outcomes in VT ablation. Real-time MR-guided intervention has emerged as an alternative solution to address the limitations of pre-acquired imaging to guide ablation. There is now a growing body of literature describing the feasibility, techniques, and potential applications of real-time MR-guided electrophysiology. We review whether real-time MR-guided intervention could be applied in the setting of VT ablation and the potential challenges that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Whitaker
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven E Williams
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark D O'Neill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Mukherjee RK, Chubb H, Roujol S, Razavi R, O'Neill MD. Advances in Real-Time MRI-Guided Electrophysiology. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2019; 12:6. [PMID: 31501689 PMCID: PMC6733706 DOI: 10.1007/s12410-019-9481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Theoretical benefits of real-time MRI guidance over conventional electrophysiology include contemporaneous 3D substrate assessment and accurate intra-procedural guidance and evaluation of ablation lesions. We review the unique challenges inherent to MRI-guided electrophysiology and how to translate the potential benefits in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Recent Findings Over the last 5 years, there has been substantial progress, initially in animal models and more recently in clinical studies, to establish methods and develop workflows within the MR environment that resemble those of conventional electrophysiology laboratories. Real-time MRI-guided systems have been used to perform electroanatomic mapping and ablation in patients with atrial flutter, and there is interest in developing the technology to tackle more complex arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Summary Mainstream adoption of real-time MRI-guided electrophysiology will require demonstration of clinical benefit and will be aided by increased availability of devices suitable for use in the MRI environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Henry Chubb
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sébastien Roujol
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark D O'Neill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Department of Cardiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Vappou J, Bour P, Marquet F, Ozenne V, Quesson B. MR-ARFI-based method for the quantitative measurement of tissue elasticity: application for monitoring HIFU therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:095018. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aabd0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bour P, Ozenne V, Marquet F, Denis de Senneville B, Dumont E, Quesson B. Real-time 3D ultrasound based motion tracking for the treatment of mobile organs with MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 34:1225-1235. [PMID: 29378441 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1433879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) treatments of mobile organs require locking the HIFU beam on the targeted tissue to maximise heating efficiency. We propose to use a standalone 3 D ultrasound (US)-based motion correction technique using the HIFU transducer in pulse-echo mode. Validation of the method was performed in vitro and in vivo in the liver of pig under MR-thermometry. METHODS 3 D-motion estimation was implemented using ultrasonic speckle-tracking between consecutive acquisitions. Displacement was estimated along four sub-apertures of the HIFU transducer by computing the normalised cross-correlation of backscattered signals followed by a triangulation algorithm. The HIFU beam was steered accordingly and energy was delivered under real-time MR-thermometry (using the proton resonance frequency shift method with online motion compensation and correction of associated susceptibility artefacts). An MR-navigator echo was used to assess the quality of the US-based motion correction. RESULTS Displacement estimations from US measurements were in good agreement with 1 D MR-navigator echo readings. In vitro, the maximum temperature increase was improved by 37% as compared to experiments performed without motion correction and temperature distribution remained much more focussed. Similar results were reported in vivo, with an increase of 35% on the maximum temperature using this US-based HIFU target locking. CONCLUSION This standalone 3D US-based motion correction technique is robust and allows maintaining the HIFU focal spot in the presence of motion without adding any burden or complexity to MR thermal imaging. In vitro and in vivo results showed about 35% improvement in heating efficiency when focus position was locked on the target using the proposed technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bour
- a IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universite´ , Pessac-Bordeaux , France.,b Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Univ. Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France.,c INSERM , Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France.,d Image Guided Therapy SA , Pessac , France
| | - Valéry Ozenne
- a IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universite´ , Pessac-Bordeaux , France.,b Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Univ. Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France.,c INSERM , Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
| | - Fabrice Marquet
- a IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universite´ , Pessac-Bordeaux , France.,b Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Univ. Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France.,c INSERM , Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
| | | | | | - Bruno Quesson
- a IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universite´ , Pessac-Bordeaux , France.,b Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Univ. Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France.,c INSERM , Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
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Toupin S, Bour P, Lepetit-Coiffé M, Ozenne V, Denis de Senneville B, Schneider R, Vaussy A, Chaumeil A, Cochet H, Sacher F, Jaïs P, Quesson B. Feasibility of real-time MR thermal dose mapping for predicting radiofrequency ablation outcome in the myocardium in vivo. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:14. [PMID: 28143574 PMCID: PMC5286737 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical treatment of cardiac arrhythmia by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) currently lacks quantitative and precise visualization of lesion formation in the myocardium during the procedure. This study aims at evaluating thermal dose (TD) imaging obtained from real-time magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry on the heart as a relevant indicator of the thermal lesion extent. METHODS MR temperature mapping based on the Proton Resonance Frequency Shift (PRFS) method was performed at 1.5 T on the heart, with 4 to 5 slices acquired per heartbeat. Respiratory motion was compensated using navigator-based slice tracking. Residual in-plane motion and related magnetic susceptibility artifacts were corrected online. The standard deviation of temperature was measured on healthy volunteers (N = 5) in both ventricles. On animals, the MR-compatible catheter was positioned and visualized in the left ventricle (LV) using a bSSFP pulse sequence with active catheter tracking. Twelve MR-guided RFA were performed on three sheep in vivo at various locations in left ventricle (LV). The dimensions of the thermal lesions measured on thermal dose images, on 3D T1-weighted (T1-w) images acquired immediately after the ablation and at gross pathology were correlated. RESULTS MR thermometry uncertainty was 1.5 °C on average over more than 96% of the pixels covering the left and right ventricles, on each volunteer. On animals, catheter repositioning in the LV with active slice tracking was successfully performed and each ablation could be monitored in real-time by MR thermometry and thermal dosimetry. Thermal lesion dimensions on TD maps were found to be highly correlated with those observed on post-ablation T1-w images (R = 0.87) that also correlated (R = 0.89) with measurements at gross pathology. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative TD mapping from real-time rapid CMR thermometry during catheter-based RFA is feasible. It provides a direct assessment of the lesion extent in the myocardium with precision in the range of one millimeter. Real-time MR thermometry and thermal dosimetry may improve safety and efficacy of the RFA procedure by offering a reliable indicator of therapy outcome during the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenn Toupin
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux University, F-33600 Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Siemens Healthineers France, F-93210 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Pierre Bour
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux University, F-33600 Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Image Guided Therapy, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Valéry Ozenne
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux University, F-33600 Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Alexis Vaussy
- Siemens Healthineers France, F-93210 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumeil
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux University, F-33600 Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Electrophysiology and Ablation Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Hubert Cochet
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux University, F-33600 Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Electrophysiology and Ablation Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Sacher
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux University, F-33600 Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Electrophysiology and Ablation Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Jaïs
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux University, F-33600 Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Electrophysiology and Ablation Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Bruno Quesson
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux University, F-33600 Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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