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Gaunt AP, Lewis JS, Hesse F, Cheng T, Marco‐Rius I, Brindle KM, Comment A. Labile Photo-Induced Free Radical in α-Ketoglutaric Acid: a Universal Endogenous Polarizing Agent for In Vivo Hyperpolarized 13 C Magnetic Resonance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112982. [PMID: 34679201 PMCID: PMC7612908 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C magnetic resonance enables non-invasive probing of metabolism in vivo. To date, only 13 C-molecules hyperpolarized with persistent trityl radicals have been injected in humans. We show here that the free radical photo-induced in alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) can be used to hyperpolarize photo-inactive 13 C-molecules such as [1-13 C]lactate. α-KG is an endogenous molecule with an exceptionally high radical yield under photo-irradiation, up to 50 %, and its breakdown product, succinic acid, is also endogenous. This radical precursor therefore exhibits an excellent safety profile for translation to human studies. The labile nature of the radical means that no filtration is required prior to injection while also offering the opportunity to extend the 13 C relaxation time in frozen HP 13 C-molecules for storage and transport. The potential for in vivo metabolic studies is demonstrated in the rat liver following the injection of a physiological dose of HP [1-13 C]lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Gaunt
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Jennifer S. Lewis
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Friederike Hesse
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Tian Cheng
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Irene Marco‐Rius
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
- General Electric HealthcarePollards Wood, Nightingales LaneChalfont St GilesHP8 4SPUK
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2
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Gaunt AP, Lewis JS, Hesse F, Cheng T, Marco‐Rius I, Brindle KM, Comment A. Labile Photo-Induced Free Radical in α-Ketoglutaric Acid: a Universal Endogenous Polarizing Agent for In Vivo Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202112982. [PMID: 38505340 PMCID: PMC10947361 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance enables non-invasive probing of metabolism in vivo. To date, only 13C-molecules hyperpolarized with persistent trityl radicals have been injected in humans. We show here that the free radical photo-induced in alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) can be used to hyperpolarize photo-inactive 13C-molecules such as [1-13C]lactate. α-KG is an endogenous molecule with an exceptionally high radical yield under photo-irradiation, up to 50 %, and its breakdown product, succinic acid, is also endogenous. This radical precursor therefore exhibits an excellent safety profile for translation to human studies. The labile nature of the radical means that no filtration is required prior to injection while also offering the opportunity to extend the 13C relaxation time in frozen HP 13C-molecules for storage and transport. The potential for in vivo metabolic studies is demonstrated in the rat liver following the injection of a physiological dose of HP [1-13C]lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Gaunt
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Jennifer S. Lewis
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Friederike Hesse
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Tian Cheng
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Irene Marco‐Rius
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Cancer Research UKCambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
- General Electric HealthcarePollards Wood, Nightingales LaneChalfont St GilesHP8 4SPUK
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3
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Zanella CC, Capozzi A, Yoshihara HAI, Radaelli A, Mackowiak ALC, Arn LP, Gruetter R, Bastiaansen JAM. Radical-free hyperpolarized MRI using endogenously occurring pyruvate analogues and UV-induced nonpersistent radicals. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4584. [PMID: 34245482 PMCID: PMC8518970 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that nonpersistent radicals can be generated in frozen solutions of metabolites such as pyruvate by irradiation with UV light, enabling radical-free dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. Although pyruvate is endogenous, the presence of pyruvate may interfere with metabolic processes or the detection of pyruvate as a metabolic product, making it potentially unsuitable as a polarizing agent. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to characterize solutions containing endogenously occurring alternatives to pyruvate as UV-induced nonpersistent radical precursors for in vivo hyperpolarized MRI. The metabolites alpha-ketovalerate (αkV) and alpha-ketobutyrate (αkB) are analogues of pyruvate and were chosen as potential radical precursors. Sample formulations containing αkV and αkB were studied with UV-visible spectroscopy, irradiated with UV light, and their nonpersistent radical yields were quantified with electron spin resonance and compared with pyruvate. The addition of 13 C-labeled substrates to the sample matrix altered the radical yield of the precursors. Using αkB increased the 13 C-labeled glucose liquid-state polarization to 16.3% ± 1.3% compared with 13.3% ± 1.5% obtained with pyruvate, and 8.9% ± 2.1% with αkV. For [1-13 C]butyric acid, polarization levels of 12.1% ± 1.1% for αkV, 12.9% ± 1.7% for αkB, 1.5% ± 0.2% for OX063 and 18.7% ± 0.7% for Finland trityl, were achieved. Hyperpolarized [1-13 C]butyrate metabolism in the heart revealed label incorporation into [1-13 C]acetylcarnitine, [1-13 C]acetoacetate, [1-13 C]butyrylcarnitine, [5-13 C]glutamate and [5-13 C]citrate. This study demonstrates the potential of αkV and αkB as endogenous polarizing agents for in vivo radical-free hyperpolarized MRI. UV-induced, nonpersistent radicals generated in endogenous metabolites enable high polarization without requiring radical filtration, thus simplifying the quality-control tests in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Alice Radaelli
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Adèle L. C. Mackowiak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Lionel P. Arn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jessica A. M. Bastiaansen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
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4
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Reineri F, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Aime S. Hydrogenative-PHIP polarized metabolites for biological studies. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 34:25-47. [PMID: 33527252 PMCID: PMC7910253 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ParaHydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, but its application to biological investigations has been hampered, so far, due to chemical challenges. PHIP is obtained by means of the addition of hydrogen, enriched in the para-spin isomer, to an unsaturated substrate. Both hydrogen atoms must be transferred to the same substrate, in a pairwise manner, by a suitable hydrogenation catalyst; therefore, a de-hydrogenated precursor of the target molecule is necessary. This has strongly limited the number of parahydrogen polarized substrates. The non-hydrogenative approach brilliantly circumvents this central issue, but has not been translated to in-vivo yet. Recent advancements in hydrogenative PHIP (h-PHIP) considerably widened the possibility to hyperpolarize metabolites and, in this review, we will focus on substrates that have been obtained by means of this method and used in vivo. Attention will also be paid to the requirements that must be met and on the issues that have still to be tackled to obtain further improvements and to push PHIP substrates in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
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5
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Pinon AC, Capozzi A, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH. Hyperpolarized water through dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization with UV-generated radicals. Commun Chem 2020; 3:57. [PMID: 36703471 PMCID: PMC9814647 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, hyperpolarization of water protons via dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) has attracted increasing interest in the magnetic resonance community. Hyperpolarized water may provide an alternative to Gd-based contrast agents for angiographic and perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examinations, and it may report on chemical and biochemical reactions and proton exchange while perfoming Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) investigations. However, hyperpolarizing water protons is challenging. The main reason is the presence of radicals, required to create the hyperpolarized nuclear spin state. Indeed, the radicals will also be the main source of relaxation during the dissolution and transfer to the NMR or MRI system. In this work, we report water magnetizations otherwise requiring a field of 10,000 T at room temperature on a sample of pure water, by employing dDNP via UV-generated, labile radicals. We demonstrate the potential of our methodology by acquiring a 15N spectrum from natural abundance urea with a single scan, after spontaneous magnetization transfer from water protons to nitrogen nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C. Pinon
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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Yoshihara HAI, Bastiaansen JAM, Karlsson M, Lerche MH, Comment A, Schwitter J. Detection of myocardial medium-chain fatty acid oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity with hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]octanoate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4243. [PMID: 31904900 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the heart mainly relies on fatty acid oxidation to meet its energy needs. Changes in myocardial fuel preference are noted in the diseased and failing heart. The magnetic resonance signal enhancement provided by spin hyperpolarization allows the metabolism of substrates labeled with carbon-13 to be followed in real time in vivo. Although the low water solubility of long-chain fatty acids abrogates their hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, medium-chain fatty acids have sufficient solubility to be efficiently polarized and dissolved. In this study, we investigated the applicability of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]octanoate to measure myocardial medium-chain fatty acid metabolism in vivo. Scanning rats infused with a bolus of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]octanoate, the primary metabolite observed in the heart was identified as [1-13 C]acetylcarnitine. Additionally, [5-13 C]glutamate and [5-13 C]citrate could be respectively resolved in seven and five of 31 experiments, demonstrating the incorporation of oxidation products of octanoate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A variable drop in blood pressure was observed immediately following the bolus injection, and this drop correlated with a decrease in normalized acetylcarnitine signal (acetylcarnitine/octanoate). Increasing the delay before infusion moderated the decrease in blood pressure, which was attributed to the presence of residual gas bubbles in the octanoate solution. No significant difference in normalized acetylcarnitine signal was apparent between fed and 12-hour fasted rats. Compared with a solution in buffer, the longitudinal relaxation of [1-13 C]octanoate was accelerated ~3-fold in blood and by the addition of serum albumin. These results demonstrate the potential of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]octanoate to probe myocardial medium-chain fatty acid metabolism as well as some of the limitations that may accompany its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari A I Yoshihara
- Division of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica A M Bastiaansen
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Albeda Research ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathilde H Lerche
- Albeda Research ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- General Electric Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, UK
| | - Juerg Schwitter
- Division of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cardiac MR Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Ledovskaya MS, Voronin VV, Rodygin KS, Ananikov VP. Efficient labeling of organic molecules using 13C elemental carbon: universal access to 13C2-labeled synthetic building blocks, polymers and pharmaceuticals. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic methodology enabled by 13C-elemental carbon is reported. Calcium carbide Ca13C2 was applied to introduce a universal 13C2 unit in the synthesis of labeled alkynes, O,S,N-vinyl derivatives, labeled polymers and 13C2-pyridazine drug core.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantin S. Rodygin
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Peterhof
- Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Peterhof
- Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences
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8
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Jähnig F, Himmler A, Kwiatkowski G, Däpp A, Hunkeler A, Kozerke S, Ernst M. A spin-thermodynamic approach to characterize spin dynamics in TEMPO-based samples for dissolution DNP at 7 T field. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 303:91-104. [PMID: 31030064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spin dynamics of dissolution DNP samples consisting of 4.5 M [13C]urea in a mixture of (1/1)Vol glycerol/water using 4-Oxo-TEMPO as a radical was investigated. We analyzed the DNP dynamics as function of radical concentration at 7 T and 3.4 T static magnetic field as well as function of deuteration of the solvent matrix at the high field. The spin dynamics could be reproduced in all cases, at least qualitatively, by a thermodynamic model based on spin temperatures of the nuclear Zeeman baths and an electron non-Zeeman (dipolar) bath. We find, however, that at high field (7 T) and low radical concentrations (25 mM) the nuclear spins do not reach the same spin temperature indicating a weak coupling of the two baths. At higher radical concentrations, as well as for all radical concentrations at low field (3.4 T), the two nuclear Zeeman baths reach the same spin temperature within experimental errors. Additionally, the spin system was prepared with different initial conditions. For these cases, the thermodynamic model was able to predict the time evolution of the system well. While the DNP profiles do not give clear indications to a specific polarization transfer mechanism, at high field (7 T) increased coupling is seen. The EPR line shapes cannot clarify this in absence of ELDOR type experiments, nevertheless DNP profiles and dynamics under frequency-modulated microwave irradiation illustrate the expected increase in coupling between electrons with increasing radical concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jähnig
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Himmler
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Grzegorz Kwiatkowski
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Däpp
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hunkeler
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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9
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Capozzi A, Patel S, Gunnarsson CP, Marco-Rius I, Comment A, Karlsson M, Lerche MH, Ouari O, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH. Efficient Hyperpolarization of U- 13 C-Glucose Using Narrow-Line UV-Generated Labile Free Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1334-1339. [PMID: 30515929 PMCID: PMC6531289 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals generated by UV-light irradiation of a frozen solution containing a fraction of pyruvic acid (PA) have demonstrated their dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) potential, providing up to 30 % [1-13 C]PA liquid-state polarization. Moreover, their labile nature has proven to pave a way to nuclear polarization storage and transport. Herein, differently from the case of PA, the issue of providing dDNP UV-radical precursors (trimethylpyruvic acid and its methyl-deuterated form) not involved in any metabolic pathway was investigated. The 13 C dDNP performance was evaluated for hyperpolarization of [U-13 C6 ,1,2,3,4,5,6,6-d7 ]-d-glucose. The generated UV-radicals proved to be versatile and highly efficient polarizing agents, providing, after dissolution and transfer (10 s), a 13 C liquid-state polarization of up to 32 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Capozzi
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby (Denmark)
| | - Saket Patel
- Institut de Chimie Radicalire, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 (France)
| | - Christine Pepke Gunnarsson
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby (Denmark)
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
- General Electric Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP (United Kingdom)
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby (Denmark)
| | - Mathilde H. Lerche
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby (Denmark)
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Institut de Chimie Radicalire, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 (France)
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby (Denmark)
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10
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Capozzi A, Patel S, Gunnarsson CP, Marco-Rius I, Comment A, Karlsson M, Lerche MH, Ouari O, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. Efficient Hyperpolarization of U-13
C-Glucose Using Narrow-Line UV-Generated Labile Free Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Capozzi
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance; Department of Electrical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Building 349 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Saket Patel
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire; Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS, ICR UMR 7273; 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Christine Pepke Gunnarsson
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance; Department of Electrical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Building 349 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge Institute; University of Cambridge; Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge Institute; University of Cambridge; Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge United Kingdom
- General Electric Healthcare; Chalfont St Giles Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP UK
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance; Department of Electrical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Building 349 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mathilde H. Lerche
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance; Department of Electrical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Building 349 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire; Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS, ICR UMR 7273; 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance; Department of Electrical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Building 349 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
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11
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Marco-Rius I, Cheng T, Gaunt AP, Patel S, Kreis F, Capozzi A, Wright AJ, Brindle KM, Ouari O, Comment A. Photogenerated Radical in Phenylglyoxylic Acid for in Vivo Hyperpolarized 13C MR with Photosensitive Metabolic Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14455-14463. [PMID: 30346733 PMCID: PMC6217999 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Whether for 13C magnetic resonance studies in chemistry, biochemistry, or biomedicine, hyperpolarization methods based on dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) have become ubiquitous. DNP requires a source of unpaired electrons, which are commonly added to the sample to be hyperpolarized in the form of stable free radicals. Once polarized, the presence of these radicals is unwanted. These radicals can be replaced by nonpersistent radicals created by the photoirradiation of pyruvic acid (PA), which are annihilated upon dissolution or thermalization in the solid state. However, since PA is readily metabolized by most cells, its presence may be undesirable for some metabolic studies. In addition, some 13C substrates are photosensitive and therefore may degrade during the photogeneration of a PA radical, which requires ultraviolet (UV) light. We show here that the photoirradiation of phenylglyoxylic acid (PhGA) using visible light produces a nonpersistent radical that, in principle, can be used to hyperpolarize any molecule. We compare radical yields in samples containing PA and PhGA upon photoirradiation with broadband and narrowband UV-visible light sources. To demonstrate the suitability of PhGA as a radical precursor for DNP, we polarized the gluconeogenic probe 13C-dihydroxyacetone, which is UV-sensitive, using a commercial 3.35 T DNP polarizer and then injected this into a mouse and followed its metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Marco-Rius
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Tian Cheng
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Adam P. Gaunt
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Saket Patel
- Aix-Marseille
University, CNRS, ICR, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Felix Kreis
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic
Resonance, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alan J. Wright
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix-Marseille
University, CNRS, ICR, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
- General
Electric Healthcare, HP7
9NA Chalfont St. Giles, U.K.
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12
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Cavallari E, Carrera C, Aime S, Reineri F. Metabolic Studies of Tumor Cells Using [1-13
C] Pyruvate Hyperpolarized by Means of PHIP-Side Arm Hydrogenation. Chemphyschem 2018; 20:318-325. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cavallari
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
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Timm KN, Miller JJ, Henry JA, Tyler DJ. Cardiac applications of hyperpolarised magnetic resonance. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 106-107:66-87. [PMID: 31047602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death world-wide. It is increasingly recognised that cardiac pathologies show, or may even be caused by, changes in metabolism, leading to impaired cardiac energetics. The heart turns over 15 times its own weight in ATP every day and thus relies heavily on the availability of substrates and on efficient oxidation to generate this ATP. A number of old and emerging drugs that target different aspects of metabolism are showing promising results with regard to improved cardiac outcomes in patients. A non-invasive imaging technique that could assess the role of different aspects of metabolism in heart disease, as well as measure changes in cardiac energetics due to treatment, would be valuable in the routine clinical care of cardiac patients. Hyperpolarised magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging have revolutionised metabolic imaging, allowing real-time metabolic flux assessment in vivo for the first time. In this review we summarise metabolism in the healthy and diseased heart, give an introduction to the hyperpolarisation technique, 'dynamic nuclear polarisation' (DNP), and review the preclinical studies that have thus far explored healthy cardiac metabolism and different models of human heart disease. We furthermore show what advances have been made to translate this technique into the clinic, what technical challenges still remain and what unmet clinical needs and unexplored metabolic substrates still need to be assessed by researchers in this exciting and fast-moving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin N Timm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Jack J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - John A Henry
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Cavallari E, Carrera C, Sorge M, Bonne G, Muchir A, Aime S, Reineri F. The 13C hyperpolarized pyruvate generated by ParaHydrogen detects the response of the heart to altered metabolism in real time. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8366. [PMID: 29849091 PMCID: PMC5976640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Many imaging methods have been proposed to act as surrogate markers of organ damage, yet for many candidates the essential biomarkers characteristics of the injured organ have not yet been described. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate allows real time monitoring of metabolism in vivo. ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) is a portable, cost effective technique able to generate 13C MR hyperpolarized molecules within seconds. The introduction of the Side Arm Hydrogenation (SAH) strategy offered a way to widen the field of PHIP generated systems and to make this approach competitive with the currently applied dissolution-DNP (Dynamic Nuclear Polarization) method. Herein, we describe the first in vivo metabolic imaging study using the PHIP-SAH hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. In vivo maps of pyruvate and of its metabolic product lactate have been acquired on a 1 T MRI scanner. By comparing pyruvate/lactate 13C label exchange rate in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy, it has been found that the metabolic dysfunction occurring in the cardiac muscle of the diseased mice can be detected well before the disease can be assessed by echocardiographic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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