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Wijtenburg SA, Rowland LM, Vicentic A, Rossi AF, Brady LS, Gordon JA, Lisanby SH. NIMH perspectives on future directions in neuroimaging for mental health. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01900-8. [PMID: 38898207 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
NIMH's mission is to transform the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure. New imaging techniques hold great promise for improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of mental illnesses, stratifying patients for treatment selection, and developing a personalized medicine approach. Here, we highlight emerging and promising new technologies that are likely to be vital in helping NIMH accomplish its mission, the potential for utilizing multimodal approaches to study mental illness, and considerations for data analytics and data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andrea Wijtenburg
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Laura M Rowland
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vicentic
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrew F Rossi
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Linda S Brady
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joshua A Gordon
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sarah H Lisanby
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Luo Q, Zhong Z, Sun K, Scotti A, Zhou XJ. Gradient-echo-train-based sub-millisecond periodic event encoded dynamic imaging with random (k, t)-space undersampling: k-t get-SPEEDI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1690-1701. [PMID: 35666824 PMCID: PMC9339512 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The gradient‐echo‐train‐based Sub‐millisecond Periodic Event Encoded Dynamic Imaging (get‐SPEEDI) technique provides ultrahigh temporal resolutions (∼0.6 ms) for detecting rapid physiological activities, but its practical adoption can be hampered by long scan times. This study aimed at developing a more efficient variant of get‐SPEEDI for reducing the scan time without degrading temporal resolution or image quality. Methods The proposed pulse sequence, named k‐t get‐SPEEDI, accelerated get‐SPEEDI acquisition by undersampling the k‐space phase‐encoding lines semi‐randomly. At each time frame, k‐space was fully sampled in the central region whereas randomly undersampled in the outer regions. A time‐series of images was reconstructed using an algorithm based on the joint partial separability and sparsity constraints. To demonstrate the performance of k‐t get‐SPEEDI, images of human aortic valve opening and closing were acquired with 0.6‐ms temporal resolution and compared with those from conventional get‐SPEEDI. Results k‐t get‐SPEEDI achieved a 2‐fold scan time reduction over the conventional get‐SPEEDI (from ∼6 to ∼3 min), while achieving comparable SNRs and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNRs) for visualizing the dynamic process of aortic valve: SNR/CNR ≈ 70/38 vs. 73/39 in the k‐t and conventional get‐SPEEDI scans, respectively. The time courses of aortic valve area also matched well between these two sequences with a correlation coefficient of 0.86. Conclusions The k‐t get‐SPEEDI pulse sequence was able to half the scan time without compromising the image quality and ultrahigh temporal resolution. Additional scan time reduction may also be possible, facilitating in vivo adoptions of SPEEDI techniques. Click here for author‐reader discussions
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Luo
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kaibao Sun
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandro Scotti
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaohong Joe Zhou
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Zhong Z, Sun K, Dan G, Luo Q, Zhou XJ. MRI with sub-millisecond temporal resolution over a reduced field of view. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:3166-3174. [PMID: 34270138 PMCID: PMC8568630 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate an MRI pulse sequence-Sub-millisecond Periodic Event Encoded Dynamic Imaging with a reduced field of view (or rFOV-SPEEDI)-for decreasing the scan times while achieving sub-millisecond temporal resolution. METHODS rFOV-SPEEDI was based on a variation of SPEEDI, known as get-SPEEDI, which used each echo in an echo-train to sample a distinct k-space raster by synchronizing with a cyclic event. This can produce a set of time-resolved images of the cyclic event with a temporal resolution determined by the echo spacing (typically < 1 ms). rFOV-SPEEDI incorporated a 2D radiofrequency (RF) pulse into get-SPEEDI to limit the field of view (FOV), leading to reduction in phase-encoding steps and subsequently decreased scan times without compromising the spatial resolution. Two experiments were performed at 3T to illustrate rFOV-SPEEDI's capability of capturing fast-changing electric currents in a phantom and the rapid opening and closing of aortic valve in human subjects over reduced FOVs. The results were compared with those from full FOV get-SPEEDI. RESULTS In the first experiment, the rapidly varying currents (50-200 Hz) were successfully captured with a temporal resolution of 0.8 ms, and agreed well with the applied currents. In the second experiment, the rapid opening and closing processes of aortic valve were clearly visualized with a temporal resolution of 0.6 ms over a reduced FOV (12 × 12 cm2 ). In both experiments, the acquisition times of rFOV-SPEEDI were decreased by 33%-50% relative to full FOV get-SPEEDI acquisitions and the spatial resolution was maintained. CONCLUSION Reducing the FOV is a viable approach to shortening the scan times in SPEEDI, which is expected to help stimulate SPEEDI applications for studying ultrafast, cyclic physiological and biophysical processes over a focal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaibao Sun
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guangyu Dan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qingfei Luo
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaohong Joe Zhou
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Zhong Z, Sun K, Dan G, Luo Q, Farzaneh-Far A, Karaman MM, Zhou XJ. Visualization of Human Aortic Valve Dynamics Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Sub-Millisecond Temporal Resolution. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1246-1254. [PMID: 33761166 PMCID: PMC8440328 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visualization of aortic valve dynamics is important in diagnosing valvular diseases but is challenging to perform with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to the limited temporal resolution. PURPOSE To develop an MRI technique with sub-millisecond temporal resolution and demonstrate its application in visualizing rapid aortic valve opening and closing in human subjects in comparison with echocardiography and conventional MRI techniques. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Twelve healthy subjects. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T; gradient-echo-train-based sub-millisecond periodic event encoded imaging (get-SPEEDI) and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP). ASSESSMENT Images were acquired using get-SPEEDI with a temporal resolution of 0.6 msec. get-SPEEDI was triggered by an electrocardiogram so that each echo in the gradient echo train corresponded to an image at a specific time point, providing a time-resolved characterization of aortic valve dynamics. For comparison, bSSFP was also employed with 12 msec and 24 msec temporal resolutions, respectively. The durations of the aortic valve rapid opening (Tro ), rapid closing (Trc ), and the maximal aortic valve area (AVA) normalized to height were measured with all three temporal resolutions. M-mode echocardiograms with a temporal resolution of 0.8 msec were obtained for further comparison. STATISTICAL TEST Parameters were compared between the three sequences, together with the echocardiography results, with a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Significantly shorter Tro (mean ± SD: 27.5 ± 6.7 msec) and Trc (43.8 ± 11.6 msec) and larger maximal AVA/height (2.01 ± 0.29 cm2 /m) were measured with get-SPEEDI compared to either bSSFP sequence (Tro of 56.3 ± 18.8 and 63.8 ± 20.2 msec; Trc of 68.2 ± 16.6 and 72.8 ± 18.2 msec; maximal AVA/height of 1.63 ± 0.28 and 1.65 ± 0.32 cm2 /m for 12 msec and 24 msec temporal resolutions, respectively, P < 0.05). In addition, the get-SPEEDI results were more consistent with those measured using echocardiography, especially for Tro (29.0 ± 4.1 msec, P = 0.79) and Trc (41.6 ± 4.3 msec, P = 0.16). DATA CONCLUSION: get-SPEEDI allows for visualization of human aortic valve dynamics and provided values closer to those measured using echocardiography than the bSSFP sequences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kaibao Sun
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Guangyu Dan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Qingfei Luo
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Afshin Farzaneh-Far
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. Muge Karaman
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaohong Joe Zhou
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Fischer J, Özen AC, Ilbey S, Traser L, Echternach M, Richter B, Bock M. Sub-millisecond 2D MRI of the vocal fold oscillation using single-point imaging with rapid encoding. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 35:301-310. [PMID: 34542771 PMCID: PMC8995286 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-021-00959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The slow spatial encoding of MRI has precluded its application to rapid physiologic motion in the past. The purpose of this study is to introduce a new fast acquisition method and to demonstrate feasibility of encoding rapid two-dimensional motion of human vocal folds with sub-millisecond resolution. METHOD In our previous work, we achieved high temporal resolution by applying a rapidly switched phase encoding gradient along the direction of motion. In this work, we extend phase encoding to the second image direction by using single-point imaging with rapid encoding (SPIRE) to image the two-dimensional vocal fold oscillation in the coronal view. Image data were gated using electroglottography (EGG) and motion corrected. An iterative reconstruction with a total variation (TV) constraint was used and the sequence was also simulated using a motion phantom. RESULTS Dynamic images of the vocal folds during phonation at pitches of 150 and 165 Hz were acquired in two volunteers and the periodic motion of the vocal folds at a temporal resolution of about 600 µs was shown. The simulations emphasize the necessity of SPIRE for two-dimensional motion encoding. DISCUSSION SPIRE is a new MRI method to image rapidly oscillating structures and for the first time provides dynamic images of the vocal folds oscillations in the coronal plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ali Caglar Özen
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serhat Ilbey
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Louisa Traser
- Freiburg Institute for Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Echternach
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Richter
- Freiburg Institute for Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Several articles in the literature have demonstrated a promising role for breast MRI techniques that are more economic in total exam time than others when used as supplement to mammography for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. There are many technical factors that must be considered in the shortened breast MRI protocols to cut down time of standard ones, including using optimal fat suppression, gadolinium-chelates intravascular contrast administrations for dynamic imaging with post processing subtractions and maximum intensity projections (MIP) high spatial and temporal resolution among others. Multiparametric breast MRI that includes both gadolinium-dependent, i.e., dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-MRI) and gadolinium-free techniques, i.e., diffusion-weighted/diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DWI/DTI) are shown by several investigators that can provide extremely high sensitivity and specificity for detection of breast cancer. This article provides an overview of the proven indications for breast MRI including breast cancer screening for higher than average risk, determining chemotherapy induced tumor response, detecting residual tumor after incomplete surgical excision, detecting occult cancer in patients presenting with axillary node metastasis, detecting residual tumor after incomplete breast cancer surgical excision, detecting cancer when results of conventional imaging are equivocal, as well patients suspicious of having breast implant rupture. Despite having the highest sensitivity for breast cancer detection, there are pitfalls, however, secondary to false positive and false negative contrast enhancement and contrast-free MRI techniques. Awareness of the strengths and limitations of different approaches to obtain state of the art MR images of the breast will facilitate the work-up of patients with suspicious breast lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel M Scaranelo
- Medical Imaging Department, 12366University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Breast Imaging Division, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Health Network, Sinai Health and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sussman MS. Editorial on "Visualization of Human Aortic Valve Dynamics Using MRI With Sub-Millisecond Temporal Resolution". J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1255-1256. [PMID: 33987948 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall S Sussman
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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