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Coury SM, López V, Bajwa Z, Garcia JM, Teresi GI, Kuhlman KR, Li Y, Cole S, Miklowitz DJ, Pappas I, Ho TC. Protocol for teen inflammation glutamate emotion research (TIGER): Toward predictors of treatment response and clinical course in depressed adolescents. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 35:100718. [PMID: 38235411 PMCID: PMC10792689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescent-onset depression is a prevalent and debilitating condition commonly associated with treatment refractory depression and non-response to first-line antidepressants. There are, however, no objective tests to determine who may or may not respond to antidepressants. As depressed adolescents are especially vulnerable to the lifelong consequences of ineffectively-treated depression, it is critical to identify neurobiological predictors of treatment non-response in this population. Here, we describe the scientific rationale and protocol for the Teen Inflammation Glutamate Emotion Research (TIGER) study, a prospective 18-month investigation of 160 depressed adolescents who will be assessed before and after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. TIGER will be using ultra-high field imaging to test the effects of acute stress and antidepressant treatment on inflammatory and glutamatergic processes hypothesized to underlie depression maintenance. Results from this work will motivate future studies testing alternative therapeutics for depressed adolescents at risk for treatment resistant depression. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05329441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saché M. Coury
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa López
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zia Bajwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Columnia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan M. Garcia
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Giana I. Teresi
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Kate R. Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steve Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David J. Miklowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany C. Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sheikh-Bahaei N, Chen M, Pappas I. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2785:115-142. [PMID: 38427192 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3774-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
MRS is a noninvasive technique to measure different metabolites in the brain. Changes in the levels of certain metabolites can be used as surrogate markers for Alzheimer's disease. They can potentially be used for diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, or even assessing response to treatment.There are different techniques for MRS acquisitions including STimulated Echo Acquisition Mode (STEAM) and Point Resolved Spectroscopy (PRESS). In terms of localization, single or multi-voxel methods can be used. Based on current data: 1. NAA, marker of neuronal integrity and viability, reduces in AD with longitudinal changes over the time as the disease progresses. There are data claiming that reduction of NAA is associated with tau accumulation, early neurodegenerative processes, and cognitive decline. Therefore, it can be used as a stage biomarker for AD to assess the severity of the disease. With advancement of disease modifying therapies, there is a potential role for NAA in the future to be used as a marker of response to treatment. 2. mI, marker of glial cell proliferation and activation, is associated with AB pathology and has early changes in the course of the disease. The NAA/mI ratio can be predictive of AD development with high specificity and can be utilized in the clinical setting to stratify cases for further evaluation with PET for potential treatments. 3. The changes in the level of other metabolites such as Chol, Glu, Gln, and GABA are controversial because of the lack of standardization of MRS techniques, current technical limitations, and possible region specific changes. 4. Ultrahigh field MRS and more advanced techniques can overcome many of these limitations and enable us to measure more metabolites with higher accuracy. 5. Standardization of MRS techniques, validation of metabolites' changes against PET using PET-guided technique, and longitudinal follow-ups to investigate the temporal changes of the metabolites in relation to other biomarkers and cognition will be crucial to confirm the utility of MRS as a potential noninvasive biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michelle Chen
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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