1
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Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK, Welker AM, An M, Yang X, Zhou W, Shi G, Imitola J, Li C, Hsu S, Wang J, Phelps M, Zhang J, Beattie CE, Baiocchi R, Kaur B. PRMT5 as a druggable target for glioblastoma therapy. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:753-763. [PMID: 29106602 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of standard multimodal therapy consisting of surgical resection followed by radiation and concurrent chemotherapy, prognosis for glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains poor. The identification of both differentiated and undifferentiated "stem cell like" populations in the tumor highlights the significance of finding novel targets that affect the heterogeneous tumor cell population. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is one such candidate gene whose nuclear expression correlates with poor survival and has been reported to be required for survival of differentiated GBM cells and self-renewal of undifferentiated GBM cells. In the current study we screened the specificity and efficacy of 4 novel PRMT5 inhibitors in the treatment of GBM. Methods Efficacies of these inhibitors were screened using an in vitro GBM neurosphere model and an in vivo intracranial zebrafish model of glioma. Standard molecular biology methods were employed to investigate changes in cell cycle, growth, and senescence. Results In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that among the 4 PRMT5 inhibitors, treatment of GBM cells with compound 5 (CMP5) mirrored the effects of PRMT5 knockdown wherein it led to apoptosis of differentiated GBM cells and drove undifferentiated primary patient derived GBM cells into a nonreplicative senescent state. Conclusion In vivo antitumor efficacy combined with the specificity of CMP5 underscores the importance of developing it for translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshavanth Kumar Banasavadi-Siddegowda
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neurological Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alessandra M Welker
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Min An
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaozhi Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Guqin Shi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Division of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sigmund Hsu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiang Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mitch Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christine E Beattie
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Baiocchi
- College of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Balveen Kaur
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neurological Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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2
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Spina R, Voss DM, Asnaghi L, Sloan A, Bar EE. Flow Cytometry-based Drug Screening System for the Identification of Small Molecules That Promote Cellular Differentiation of Glioblastoma Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29364250 DOI: 10.3791/56176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor in adults, causing roughly 14,000 deaths each year in the U.S. alone. Median survival following diagnosis is less than 15 months with maximal surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide chemotherapy. The challenges inherent in developing more effective GBM treatments have become increasingly clear, and include its unyielding invasiveness, its resistance to standard treatments, its genetic complexity and molecular adaptability, and subpopulations of GBM cells with phenotypic similarities to normal stem cells, herein referred to as glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Because GSCs are required for tumor growth and progression, differentiation-based therapy represents a viable treatment modality for these incurable neoplasms. The following protocol describes a collection of procedures to establish a high throughput screening platform aimed at the identification of small molecules that promote GSC astroglial differentiation. At the core of the system is a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) differentiation reporter-construct. The protocol contains the following general procedures: (1) establishing GSC differentiation reporter lines; (2) testing/validating the relevance of the reporter to GSC self-renewal/clonogenic capacity; and (3) high-capacity flow-cytometry based drug screening. The screening platform provides a straightforward and inexpensive approach to identify small molecules that promote GSCs differentiation. Furthermore, utilization of libraries of FDA-approved drugs holds the potential for the identification of agents that can be repurposed more rapidly. Also, therapies that promote cancer stem cell differentiation are expected to work synergistically with current "standard of care" therapies that have been shown to target and eliminate primarily more differentiated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | - Dillon M Voss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | - Laura Asnaghi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine
| | - Andrew Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospital-Case Medical Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine;
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3
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Xu L, Liu H, Yan Z, Sun Z, Luo S, Lu Q. Inhibition of the Hedgehog signaling pathway suppresses cell proliferation by regulating the Gli2/miR-124/AURKA axis in human glioma cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1868-1878. [PMID: 28393219 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays an important role in tumorigenesis in human glioma. However, the underlying molecular mechanism and crucial downstream targets of glioma-associated oncogene (Gli), a primary transcriptional regulator of Hh signaling, are not fully understood. Here, we report the identification of miR-124 as a novel downstream target of the transcriptional factor Gli2, which is important for proliferation and tumor growth in human glioma cells. Blockade of Hh signaling leads to a remarkable increase in miR-124 expression in glioma cells, whereas overexpression of Gli2 suppresses miR-124 expression by increasing the direct binding of Gli2 to the upstream region of the transcriptional start site for miR-124. Furthermore, we found that miR-124 potentially interacts with the 3'-UTR region of AURKA. Overexpression of miR-124 significantly decreased the expression of AURKA in glioma cells. In contrast, the loss of miR-124 led to the increased expression of AURKA mRNA and protein. In addition, cell proliferation and colony formation ability were significantly decreased following Gli2 knockdown in human glioma cells, while transfection with a miR-124 inhibitor rescued the proliferative ability of cells. These results demonstrate that miR-124 is an important downstream target gene of Hh signaling, and the Gli2/miR-124/AURKA axis is essential for the proliferation and growth of human glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hua Liu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhangming Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Quqin Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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4
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Spina R, Voss DM, Asnaghi L, Sloan A, Bar EE. Atracurium Besylate and other neuromuscular blocking agents promote astroglial differentiation and deplete glioblastoma stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:459-72. [PMID: 26575950 PMCID: PMC4808011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of about one year. This poor prognosis is attributed primarily to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical removal, with the root cause suggested to be found in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a reporter of astrocytic differentiation, we isolated multiple clones from three independent GSC lines which express GFAP in a remarkably stable fashion. We next show that elevated expression of GFAP is associated with reduced clonogenicity in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Utilizing this in vitro cell-based differentiation reporter system we screened chemical libraries and identified the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (NNMB), Atracurium Besylate, as a small molecule which effectively induces astroglial but not neuronal differentiation of GSCs. Functionally, Atracurium Besylate treatment significantly inhibited the clonogenic capacity of several independent patient-derived GSC neurosphere lines, a phenomenon which was largely irreversible. A second NNMB, Vecuronium, also induced GSC astrocytic differentiation while Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, significantly blocked Atracurium Besylate pro-differentiation activity. To investigate the clinical importance of nAChRs in gliomas, we examined clinical outcomes and found that glioma patients with tumors overexpressing CHRNA1 or CHRNA9 (encoding for the AChR-α1 or AChR-α9) exhibit significant shorter overall survival. Finally, we found that ex-vivo pre-treatment of GSCs, expressing CHRNA1 and CHRNA9, with Atracurium Besylate significantly increased the survival of mice xenotransplanted with these cells, therefore suggesting that tumor initiating subpopulations have been reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dillon M Voss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura Asnaghi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospital-Case Medical Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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5
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Recent advance in molecular angiogenesis in glioblastoma: the challenge and hope for anti-angiogenic therapy. Brain Tumor Pathol 2015; 32:229-36. [PMID: 26437643 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-015-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most highly malignant brain tumor in the human central nerve system. In this paper, we review new and significant molecular findings on angiogenesis and possible resistance mechanisms. Expression of a number of genes and regulators has been shown to be upregulated in GBM microvessel cells, such as interleukin-8, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Tax-interacting protein-1, hypoxia induced factor-1 and anterior gradient protein 2. The regulator factors that may strongly promote angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell metastasis, changing the microenvironment, enhancing the ability of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy, and that inhibit angiogenesis are reviewed. Based on the current knowledge, several potential targets and strategies are proposed for better therapeutic outcomes, such as its mRNA interference of DII4-Notch signaling pathway and depletion of b1 integrin expression. We also discuss possible mechanisms underlying the resistance to anti-angiogenesis and future directions and challenges in developing new targeted therapy for GBM.
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6
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Bu N, Wu H, Zhang G, Ma X, Zhao P, Zhai N, Xiang L, Cao H, Yang X, Liu J. Exosome from chaperone-rich cell lysates-loaded dendritic cells produced by CELLine 1000 culture system exhibits potent immune activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:513-8. [PMID: 25490390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with exosomes can stimulate efficient cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and anti-tumor immunity. However, the quantity of DC-derived exosomes (DCex) obtained from various culture systems is very low, which is a significant practical issue hampering progress in this research area and needs to be addressed. Gliomas were particularly aggressive, with high morbidity and mortality, indicating that this is a form of incurable highly malignant tumor of the brain with poor prognosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that the CELLine 1000 culture system can dramatically increase the production of DCex. The morphology, phenotype and immune molecules of these DCex were found to be identical to those using traditional methods. Our researches supply a cost-effective, useful method for significantly increasing the quantity of exosomes. In addition, GL261 glioma cells were chosen to separate chaperone-rich cell lysates (CRCL). The results indicate that CRCL-GL261 cell lysates can trigger the most intense expression of immune molecules on DCex or DCs, which has important implications for the research into tumor treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Bu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Haiqin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Guilian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Nina Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Huifang Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xinli Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jingjie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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7
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Tarassishin L, Casper D, Lee SC. Aberrant expression of interleukin-1β and inflammasome activation in human malignant gliomas. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103432. [PMID: 25054228 PMCID: PMC4108401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant form of primary brain tumor with grave prognosis. Mounting evidence supports that chronic inflammation (such as chronic overactivation of IL-1 system) is a crucial event in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. IL-1 also is an important cytokine with species-dependent regulations and roles in CNS cell activation. While much attention is paid to specific anti-tumor immunity, little is known about the role of chronic inflammation/innate immunity in glioma pathogenesis. In this study, we examined whether human astrocytic cells (including malignant gliomas) can produce IL-1 and its role in glioma progression. Methods We used a combination of cell culture, real-time PCR, ELISA, western blot, immunocytochemistry, siRNA and plasmid transfection, micro-RNA analysis, angiogenesis (tube formation) assay, and neurotoxicity assay. Results Glioblastoma cells produced large quantities of IL-1 when activated, resembling macrophages/microglia. The activation signal was provided by IL-1 but not the pathogenic components LPS or poly IC. Glioblastoma cells were highly sensitive to IL-1 stimulation, suggesting its relevance in vivo. In human astrocytes, IL-1β mRNA was not translated to protein. Plasmid transfection also failed to produce IL-1 protein, suggesting active repression. Suppression of microRNAs that can target IL-1α/β did not induce IL-1 protein. Glioblastoma IL-1β processing occurred by the NLRP3 inflammasome, and ATP and nigericin increased IL-1β processing by upregulating NLRP3 expression, similar to macrophages. RNAi of annexin A2, a protein strongly implicated in glioma progression, prevented IL-1 induction, demonstrating its new role in innate immune activation. IL-1 also activated Stat3, a transcription factor crucial in glioma progression. IL-1 activated glioblastoma-conditioned media enhanced angiogenesis and neurotoxicity. Conclusions Our results demonstrate unique, species-dependent immune activation mechanisms involving human astrocytes and astrogliomas. Specifically, the ability to produce IL-1 by glioblastoma cells may confer them a mesenchymal phenotype including increased migratory capacity, unique gene signature and proinflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Tarassishin
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Diana Casper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Sunhee C Lee
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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8
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Agrawal NS, Miller R, Lal R, Mahanti H, Dixon-Mah YN, DeCandio ML, Vandergrift WA, Varma AK, Patel SJ, Banik NL, Lindhorst SM, Giglio P, Das A. Current Studies of Immunotherapy on Glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY 2014; 1:21000104. [PMID: 25346943 PMCID: PMC4208662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a form of brain tumor with a very high morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research, the best treatments currently in clinical practice only extend survival by a number of months. A promising alternative to conventional treatment for glioblastomas is immunotherapy. Although proposed over a century ago, the field of cancer immunotherapy has historically struggled to translate it into effective clinical treatments. Better understanding is needed of the various regulatory and co-stimulatory factors in the glioblastoma patient for more efficient immunotherapy treatments. The tumor microenvironment is anatomically shielded from normal immune-surveillance by the blood-brain barrier, irregular lymphatic drainage system, and it's in a potently immunosuppressive environment. Immunotherapy can potentially manipulate these forces effectively to enhance anti-tumor immune response and clinical benefit. New treatments utilizing the immune system show promise in terms of targeting and efficacy. This review article attempts to discuss current practices in glioblastoma treatment, the theory behind immunotherapy, and current research into various clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Stephanie Agrawal
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rickey Miller
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Richa Lal
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Harshini Mahanti
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yaenette N. Dixon-Mah
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michele L. DeCandio
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - W Alex Vandergrift
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Abhay K. Varma
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sunil J. Patel
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L. Banik
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Scott M. Lindhorst
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Pierre Giglio
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA,Corresponding Authors: Arabinda Das, Department of Neurosciences (Neurology and Neuro-oncology) and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA, . Pierre Giglio, Department of Neurosciences (Neuro-oncology) and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA,
| | - Arabinda Das
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA,Corresponding Authors: Arabinda Das, Department of Neurosciences (Neurology and Neuro-oncology) and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA, . Pierre Giglio, Department of Neurosciences (Neuro-oncology) and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA,
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9
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Zhang X, Cong D, Shen D, Gao X, Chen L, Hu S. The effect of bumetanide on photodynamic therapy-induced peri-tumor edema of C6 glioma xenografts. Lasers Surg Med 2014; 46:422-30. [PMID: 24700489 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150086 China
| | - Damin Cong
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150086 China
| | - Dawei Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery; Shouguang City People's Hospital; Weifang 262700 China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150086 China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150086 China
| | - Shaoshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150086 China
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10
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Tarassishin L, Lim J, Weatherly DB, Angeletti RH, Lee SC. Interleukin-1-induced changes in the glioblastoma secretome suggest its role in tumor progression. J Proteomics 2014; 99:152-168. [PMID: 24503185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The tumor microenvironment including glial cells and their inflammatory products regulates brain tumor development and progression. We have previously established that human glioma cells are exquisitely sensitive to IL-1 stimulation leading us to undertake a comparative analysis of the secretome of unstimulated and cytokine (IL-1)-stimulated glioblastoma cells. We performed label-free quantitative proteomic analysis and detected 190 proteins which included cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteases, cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix (ECM) and related proteins. Measuring area under the curve (AUC) of peptides for quantitation, the IL-1-induced secretome contained 13 upregulated and 5 downregulated extracellular proteins (p<0.05) compared to controls. Of these, IL-8, CCL2, TNC, Gal-1 and PTX3 were validated as upregulated and SERPINE1, STC2, CTGF and COL4A2 were validated as downregulated factors by immunochemical methods. A major representation of the ECM and related proteins in the glioblastoma secretome and their modulation by IL-1 suggested that IL-1 induces its effect in part by altering TGFβ expression, activity and signaling. These findings enhance our understanding of IL-1-induced modulation of glioma microenvironment, with implications for increased tumor invasion, migration and angiogenesis. They further provide novel targets for the glioblastoma intervention. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Present study is on an unbiased screening of the glioblastoma secretome stimulated by IL-1 which triggers neuroinflammatory cascades in the central nervous system. Network of secreted proteins were shown to be regulated revealing their possible contribution to glioma progression. Label free quantitative proteomics has provided unique novel targets for potential glioblastoma intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Tarassishin
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461
| | - Jihyeon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461.,Laboratory for Macromolecular Analysis & Proteomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461
| | - D Brent Weatherly
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ruth H Angeletti
- Laboratory for Macromolecular Analysis & Proteomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461.,Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461
| | - Sunhee C Lee
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461
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11
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Bovenberg MSS, Degeling MH, Tannous BA. Cell-based immunotherapy against gliomas: from bench to bedside. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1297-305. [PMID: 23648695 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) comprises 51% of all gliomas and is the most malignant form of brain tumors with a median survival of 18-21 months. Standard-of-care treatment includes maximal surgical resection of the tumor mass in combination with radiation and chemotherapy. However, as the poor survival rate indicates, these treatments have not been effective in preventing disease progression. Cellular immunotherapy is currently being explored as therapeutic approach to treat malignant brain tumors. In this review, we discuss advances in active, passive, and vaccine-based immunotherapeutic strategies for gliomas both at the bench and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sarah S Bovenberg
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Chu Q, Orr BA, Semenkow S, Bar EE, Eberhart CG. Prolonged inhibition of glioblastoma xenograft initiation and clonogenic growth following in vivo Notch blockade. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3224-33. [PMID: 23630166 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of clinically relevant pharmacologic Notch inhibition on glioblastoma xenografts. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Murine orthotopic xenografts generated from temozolomide-sensitive and -resistant glioblastoma neurosphere lines were treated with the γ-secretase inhibitor MRK003. Tumor growth was tracked by weekly imaging, and the effects on animal survival and tumor proliferation were assessed, along with the expression of Notch targets, stem cell, and differentiation markers, and the biology of neurospheres isolated from previously treated xenografts and controls. RESULTS Weekly MRK003 therapy resulted in significant reductions in growth as measured by imaging, as well as prolongation of survival. Microscopic examination confirmed a statistically significant reduction in cross-sectional tumor area and mitotic index in a MRK003-treated cohort as compared with controls. Expression of multiple Notch targets was reduced in the xenografts, along with neural stem/progenitor cell markers, whereas glial differentiation was induced. Neurospheres derived from MRK003-treated xenografts exhibited reduced clonogenicity and formed less aggressive secondary xenografts. Neurospheres isolated from treated xenografts remained sensitive to MRK003, suggesting that therapeutic resistance does not rapidly arise during in vivo Notch blockade. CONCLUSIONS Weekly oral delivery of MRK003 results in significant in vivo inhibition of Notch pathway activity, tumor growth, stem cell marker expression, and clonogenicity, providing preclinical support for the use of such compounds in patients with malignant brain tumors. Some of these effects can persist for some time after in vivo therapy is complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Interferon regulatory factor 3 alters glioma inflammatory and invasive properties. J Neurooncol 2013; 113:185-94. [PMID: 23512614 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, highly malignant primary tumor of the brain with poor prognosis. Even with the improved therapy regimen including temozolomide, the average survival rate is less than 2 years. Additional approaches to therapy targeting multiple aspects of glioma progression are in need. In the present work, we have tested the possibility that upregulation of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) can inhibit glioma invasiveness, proliferation and production of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors in cultures of malignant glioma cell lines (U271, U87 and SNB-19). IRF3 is an essential transcription factor involved in TLR3/4-mediated signaling and generation of type I interferons. Although IRF3 has been suggested as a potential tumor suppressor gene, its role in glioma remains uninvestigated. In this study, we find that human glioma immune activation is potently elicited by a cytokine combination, IL-1/IFNγ (or poly IC), but not by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), similar to primary human astrocytes. GBM biopsy specimens show little detectable IRF3 immunoreactivity, and in vitro adenovirus-mediated IRF3 gene transfer in glioma cells modulates IL-1/IFNγ-induced cytokine and chemokine genes, resulting in upregulation of IFNβ and IP-10 (IRF3-stimulated genes) and downregulation of proinflammatory and angiogenic genes including IL-8, TNFα and VEGF (IRF3-represssed genes). Cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) also induce the expression of miR-155 and miR-155*, the microRNAs crucial in immunity and inflammation-induced oncogenesis and this is dose-dependently suppressed by IRF3. Importantly, IRF3 also inhibits glioma proliferation, migration and invasion. Together, these data suggest that IRF3 can suppress glioma progression. Agents that promote IRF3 activation and expression (such as IRF3 gene transfer) could be explored as potential future therapy.
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14
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Castro M, Xiong W, Puntel M, Farrokhi C, Kroeger KM, Pechnick RN, Ng P, Lowenstein P, Ghulam Muhammad AKM, Salem A, Lacayo L, Kelson KR, Palmer DJ, Liu C, Appelhans A. Safety Profile of Gutless Adenovirus Vectors Delivered into the Normal Brain Parenchyma: Implications for a Glioma Phase I Clinical Trial. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Muhammad AKMG, Xiong W, Puntel M, Farrokhi C, Kroeger KM, Salem A, Lacayo L, Pechnick RN, Kelson KR, Palmer D, Ng P, Liu C, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Safety profile of gutless adenovirus vectors delivered into the normal brain parenchyma: implications for a glioma phase 1 clinical trial. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2012; 23:271-84. [PMID: 22950971 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors (Ads) have been evaluated in clinical trials for glioma. However, systemic immunity against the vectors can hamper therapeutic efficacy. We demonstrated that combined immunostimulation and cytotoxic gene therapy provides long-term survival in preclinical glioma models. Because helper-dependent high-capacity Ads (HC-Ads) elicit sustained transgene expression, in the presence of antiadenoviral immunity, we engineered HC-Ads encoding conditional cytotoxic herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase and immunostimulatory cytokine Fms-like tyrosine kinase ligand-3 under the control of the TetOn system. Escalating doses of combined HC-Ads (1×10(8), 1×10(9), and 1×10(10) viral particles [VP]) were delivered into the rat brain. We assessed neuropathology, biodistribution, transgene expression, systemic toxicity, and behavioral impact at acute and chronic time points after vector delivery. Histopathological analysis did not reveal any evidence of toxicity or long-term inflammation at the lower doses tested. Vector genomes were restricted to the injection site. Serum chemistry did not uncover adverse systemic side effects at any of the doses tested. Taken together, our data indicate that doses of up to 1×10(9) VP of each HC-Ad can be safely administered into the normal brain. This comprehensive toxicity and biodistribution study will lay the foundations for implementation of a phase 1 clinical trial for GBM using HC-Ads.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Ghulam Muhammad
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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16
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Haar CP, Hebbar P, Wallace GC, Das A, Vandergrift WA, Smith JA, Giglio P, Patel SJ, Ray SK, Banik NL. Drug resistance in glioblastoma: a mini review. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1192-200. [PMID: 22228201 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is recognized as the most common and lethal form of central nervous system cancer. Currently used surgical techniques, chemotherapeutic agents, and radiotherapy strategies have done very little in extending the life expectancies of patients diagnosed with GBM. The difficulty in treating this malignant disease lies both in its inherent complexity and numerous mechanisms of drug resistance. In this review, we summarize several of the primary mechanisms of drug resistance. We reviewed available published literature in the English language regarding drug resistance in glioblastoma. The reasons for drug resistance in glioblastoma include drug efflux, hypoxic areas of tumor cells, cancer stem cells, DNA damage repair, and miRNAs. Many potential therapies target these mechanisms, including a series of investigated alternative and plant-derived agents. Future research and clinical trials in glioblastoma patients should pursue combination of therapies to help combat drug resistance. The emerging new data on the potential of plant-derived therapeutics should also be closely considered and further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P Haar
- Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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