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Kadam PS, Yang Z, Lu Y, Zhu H, Atiyas Y, Shah N, Fisher S, Nordgren E, Kim J, Issadore D, Eberwine J. Single-Mitochondrion Sequencing Uncovers Distinct Mutational Patterns and Heteroplasmy Landscape in Mouse Astrocytes and Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598906. [PMID: 38915628 PMCID: PMC11195285 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial (mt) heteroplasmy can cause adverse biological consequences when deleterious mtDNA mutations accumulate disrupting 'normal' mt-driven processes and cellular functions. To investigate the heteroplasmy of such mtDNA changes we developed a moderate throughput mt isolation procedure to quantify the mt single-nucleotide variant (SNV) landscape in individual mouse neurons and astrocytes In this study we amplified mt-genomes from 1,645 single mitochondria (mts) isolated from mouse single astrocytes and neurons to 1. determine the distribution and proportion of mt-SNVs as well as mutation pattern in specific target regions across the mt-genome, 2. assess differences in mtDNA SNVs between neurons and astrocytes, and 3. Study cosegregation of variants in the mouse mtDNA. Results 1. The data show that specific sites of the mt-genome are permissive to SNV presentation while others appear to be under stringent purifying selection. Nested hierarchical analysis at the levels of mitochondrion, cell, and mouse reveals distinct patterns of inter- and intra-cellular variation for mt-SNVs at different sites. 2. Further, differences in the SNV incidence were observed between mouse neurons and astrocytes for two mt-SNV 9027:G>A and 9419:C>T showing variation in the mutational propensity between these cell types. Purifying selection was observed in neurons as shown by the Ka/Ks statistic, suggesting that neurons are under stronger evolutionary constraint as compared to astrocytes. 3. Intriguingly, these data show strong linkage between the SNV sites at nucleotide positions 9027 and 9461. Conclusion This study suggests that segregation as well as clonal expansion of mt-SNVs is specific to individual genomic loci, which is important foundational data in understanding of heteroplasmy and disease thresholds for mutation of pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnika S Kadam
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zijian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Youtao Lu
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yasemin Atiyas
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nishal Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Fisher
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erik Nordgren
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Eberwine
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Ferrari A, Del'Olio S, Barrientos A. The Diseased Mitoribosome. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1025-1061. [PMID: 33314036 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control life and death in eukaryotic cells. Harboring a unique circular genome, a by-product of an ancient endosymbiotic event, mitochondria maintains a specialized and evolutionary divergent protein synthesis machinery, the mitoribosome. Mitoribosome biogenesis depends on elements encoded in both the mitochondrial genome (the RNA components) and the nuclear genome (all ribosomal proteins and assembly factors). Recent cryo-EM structures of mammalian mitoribosomes have illuminated their composition and provided hints regarding their assembly and elusive mitochondrial translation mechanisms. A growing body of literature involves the mitoribosome in inherited primary mitochondrial disorders. Mutations in genes encoding mitoribosomal RNAs, proteins, and assembly factors impede mitoribosome biogenesis, causing protein synthesis defects that lead to respiratory chain failure and mitochondrial disorders such as encephalo- and cardiomyopathy, deafness, neuropathy, and developmental delays. In this article, we review the current fundamental understanding of mitoribosome assembly and function, and the clinical landscape of mitochondrial disorders driven by mutations in mitoribosome components and assembly factors, to portray how basic and clinical studies combined help us better understand both mitochondrial biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Samuel Del'Olio
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
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Habbane M, Llobet L, Bayona-Bafaluy MP, Bárcena JE, Ceberio L, Gómez-Díaz C, Gort L, Artuch R, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. Leigh Syndrome in a Pedigree Harboring the m.1555A>G Mutation in the Mitochondrial 12S rRNA. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091007. [PMID: 32867169 PMCID: PMC7565518 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Leigh syndrome (LS) is a serious genetic disease that can be caused by mutations in dozens of different genes. Methods: Clinical study of a deafness pedigree in which some members developed LS. Cellular, biochemical and molecular genetic analyses of patients’ tissues and cybrid cell lines were performed. Results: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) m.1555A>G/MT-RNR1 and m.9541T>C/MT-CO3 mutations were found. The first one is a well-known pathologic mutation. However, the second one does not appear to contribute to the high hearing loss penetrance and LS phenotype observed in this family. Conclusion: The m.1555A>G pathological mutation, accompanied with an unknown nuclear DNA (nDNA) factor, could be the cause of the phenotypic manifestations in this pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Habbane
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.H.); (L.L.); (M.P.B.-B.); (J.M.)
- Laboratoire Biologie et Santé, Faculté des Sciences Ben M’Sik, Université Hassan II, 20670 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Laura Llobet
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.H.); (L.L.); (M.P.B.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - M. Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.H.); (L.L.); (M.P.B.-B.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.); (R.A.)
| | - José E. Bárcena
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Cruces, 48903 Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain;
| | - Leticia Ceberio
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Cruces, 48903 Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain;
| | - Covadonga Gómez-Díaz
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Laura Gort
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.); (R.A.)
- Errors Congènits del Metabolisme, Servicio de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, CDB, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.); (R.A.)
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.H.); (L.L.); (M.P.B.-B.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.H.); (L.L.); (M.P.B.-B.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.); (R.A.)
- Fundación Araid, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976761646
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The Authors' Reply: The tRNA(Ile) Variant m.4309G>A May Not Cause Kearns-Sayre Syndrome. Transplantation 2019; 103:e396. [PMID: 31764893 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jackson CB, Neuwirth C, Hahn D, Nuoffer JM, Frank S, Gallati S, Schaller A. Novel mitochondrial tRNA(Ile) m.4282A>G gene mutation leads to chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia plus phenotype. Br J Ophthalmol 2014; 98:1453-9. [PMID: 25034047 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To investigate the underlying pathomechanism in a 33-year-old female Caucasian patient presenting with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) plus symptoms. METHODS Histochemical analysis of skeletal muscle and biochemical measurements of individual oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. Genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA in various tissues with subsequent investigation of single muscle fibres for correlation of mutational load. RESULTS The patient's skeletal muscle showed 20% of cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibres and 8% ragged-red fibres. Genetic analysis of the mitochondrial DNA revealed a novel point mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA(Ile) (MTTI) gene at position m.4282G>A. The heteroplasmy was determined in blood, buccal cells and muscle by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) combined with a last fluorescent cycle. The total mutational load was 38% in skeletal muscle, but was not detectable in blood or buccal cells of the patient. The phenotype segregated with the mutational load as determined by analysis of single cytochrome c oxidase-negative/positive fibres by laser capture microdissection and subsequent LFC-RFLP. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel MTTI transition mutation at nucleotide position m.4282G>A associated with a CPEO plus phenotype. The novel variant at position m.4282G>A disrupts the middle bond of the D-stem of the tRNA(Ile) and is highly conserved. The conservation and phenotype-genotype segregation strongly suggest pathogenicity and is in good agreement with the MTTI gene being frequently associated with CPEO. This novel variant broadens the spectrum of MTTI mutations causing CPEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Jackson
- Division of Human Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Neuwirth
- Neuromuscular Diseases Centre, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Hahn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - J-M Nuoffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Basle University Hospital, Basle, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Gallati
- Division of Human Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - André Schaller
- Division of Human Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Bouchard C, Rankinen T, Timmons JA. Genomics and genetics in the biology of adaptation to exercise. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1603-48. [PMID: 23733655 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article is devoted to the role of genetic variation and gene-exercise interactions in the biology of adaptation to exercise. There is evidence from genetic epidemiology research that DNA sequence differences contribute to human variation in physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness in the untrained state, cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute exercise, and responsiveness to regular exercise. Methodological and technological advances have made it possible to undertake the molecular dissection of the genetic component of complex, multifactorial traits, such as those of interest to exercise biology, in terms of tissue expression profile, genes, and allelic variants. The evidence from animal models and human studies is considered. Data on candidate genes, genome-wide linkage results, genome-wide association findings, expression arrays, and combinations of these approaches are reviewed. Combining transcriptomic and genomic technologies has been shown to be more powerful as evidenced by the development of a recent molecular predictor of the ability to increase VO2max with exercise training. For exercise as a behavior and physiological fitness as a state to be major players in public health policies will require that the role of human individuality and the influence of DNA sequence differences be understood. Likewise, progress in the use of exercise in therapeutic medicine will depend to a large extent on our ability to identify the favorable responders for given physiological properties to a given exercise regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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Mitochondrial ribosome and Ménière’s disease: a pilot study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 269:2003-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Schaller A, Desetty R, Hahn D, Jackson CB, Nuoffer JM, Gallati S, Levinger L. Impairment of mitochondrial tRNAIle processing by a novel mutation associated with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Mitochondrion 2011; 11:488-96. [PMID: 21292040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a sporadic case of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia associated with ragged red fibers. The patient presented with enlarged mitochondria with deranged internal architecture and crystalline inclusions. Biochemical studies showed reduced activities of complex I, III and IV in skeletal muscle. Molecular genetic analysis of all mitochondrial tRNAs revealed a G to A transition at nt 4308; the G is a highly conserved nucleotide that participates in a GC base-pair in the T-stem of mammalian mitochondrial tRNA(Ile). The mutation was detected at a high level (approx. 50%) in muscle but not in blood. The mutation co-segregated with the phenotype, as the mutation was absent from blood and muscle in the patient's healthy mother. Functional characterization of the mutation revealed a six-fold reduced rate of tRNA(Ile) precursor 3' end maturation in vitro by tRNAse Z. Furthermore, the mutated tRNA(Ile) displays local structural differences from wild-type. These results suggest that structural perturbations reduce efficiency of tRNA(Ile) precursor 3' end processing and contribute to the molecular pathomechanism of this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schaller
- Division of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.
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Bray MS, Hagberg JM, Pérusse L, Rankinen T, Roth SM, Wolfarth B, Bouchard C. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2006-2007 update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:35-73. [PMID: 19123262 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181844179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This update of the human gene map for physical performance and health-related fitness phenotypes covers the research advances reported in 2006 and 2007. The genes and markers with evidence of association or linkage with a performance or a fitness phenotype in sedentary or active people, in responses to acute exercise, or for training-induced adaptations are positioned on the map of all autosomes and sex chromosomes. Negative studies are reviewed, but a gene or a locus must be supported by at least one positive study before being inserted on the map. A brief discussion on the nature of the evidence and on what to look for in assessing human genetic studies of relevance to fitness and performance is offered in the introduction, followed by a review of all studies published in 2006 and 2007. The findings from these new studies are added to the appropriate tables that are designed to serve as the cumulative summary of all publications with positive genetic associations available to date for a given phenotype and study design. The fitness and performance map now includes 214 autosomal gene entries and quantitative trait loci plus seven others on the X chromosome. Moreover, there are 18 mitochondrial genes that have been shown to influence fitness and performance phenotypes. Thus,the map is growing in complexity. Although the map is exhaustive for currently published accounts of genes and exercise associations and linkages, there are undoubtedly many more gene-exercise interaction effects that have not even been considered thus far. Finally, it should be appreciated that most studies reported to date are based on small sample sizes and cannot therefore provide definitive evidence that DNA sequence variants in a given gene are reliably associated with human variation in fitness and performance traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Bray
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Bortot B, Barbi E, Biffi S, Angelini C, Faleschini E, Severini G, Carrozzi M. Two novel cosegregating mutations in tRNAMet and COX III, in a patient with exercise intolerance and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy. Mitochondrion 2009; 9:123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Rankinen T, Bray MS, Hagberg JM, Pérusse L, Roth SM, Wolfarth B, Bouchard C. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2005 update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 38:1863-88. [PMID: 17095919 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000233789.01164.4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The current review presents the 2005 update of the human gene map for physical performance and health-related fitness phenotypes. It is based on peer-reviewed papers published by the end of 2005. The genes and markers with evidence of association or linkage with a performance or fitness phenotype in sedentary or active people, in adaptation to acute exercise, or for training-induced changes are positioned on the genetic map of all autosomes and the X chromosome. Negative studies are reviewed, but a gene or locus must be supported by at least one positive study before being inserted on the map. By the end of 2000, in the early version of the gene map, 29 loci were depicted. In contrast, the 2005 human gene map for physical performance and health-related phenotypes includes 165 autosomal gene entries and QTL, plus five others on the X chromosome. Moreover, there are 17 mitochondrial genes in which sequence variants have been shown to influence relevant fitness and performance phenotypes. Thus, the map is growing in complexity. Unfortunately, progress is slow in the field of genetics of fitness and performance, primarily because the number of laboratories and scientists focused on the role of genes and sequence variations in exercise-related traits continues to be quite limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA
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Rankinen T, Pérusse L, Rauramaa R, Rivera MA, Wolfarth B, Bouchard C. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2003 update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36:1451-69. [PMID: 15354024 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000139902.42385.5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the 2003 update of the human gene map for physical performance and health-related fitness phenotypes. It is based on peer-reviewed papers published by the end of 2003 and includes association studies with candidate genes, genome-wide scans with polymorphic markers, and single-gene defects causing exercise intolerance to variable degrees. The genes and markers with evidence of association or linkage with a performance or fitness phenotype in sedentary or active people, in adaptation to acute exercise, or for training-induced changes are positioned on the genetic map of all autosomes and the X chromosome. Negative studies are reviewed but a gene or locus must be supported by at least one positive study before being inserted on the map. By the end of 2000, 29 loci were depicted on the first edition of the map. In contrast, the 2003 human gene map for physical performance and health-related phenotypes includes 109 autosomal gene entries and QTL, plus two on the X chromosome. Moreover, there are 15 mitochondrial genes in which sequence variants have been shown to influence relevant fitness and performance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA.
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Pérusse L, Rankinen T, Rauramaa R, Rivera MA, Wolfarth B, Bouchard C. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2002 update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35:1248-64. [PMID: 12900676 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000078938.84161.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the 2002 update of the human gene map for physical performance and health-related phenotypes. It is based on peer-reviewed papers published by the end of 2002 and includes association studies with candidate genes, genome-wide scans with polymorphic markers, and single gene defects causing exercise intolerance to variable degrees. The genes and markers with evidence of association or linkage with a performance or fitness phenotype in sedentary or active people, in adaptation to acute exercise, or for training-induced changes are positioned on the genetic map of all autosomes and the X chromosome. Negative studies are reviewed, but a gene or locus must be supported by at least one positive study before being inserted on the map. By the end of 2000, 29 loci were depicted on the map. The 2001 map includes 71 loci on the autosomes and two on the X chromosome. In contrast, the 2002 human gene map for physical performance and health-related phenotypes includes 90 gene entries and QTL, plus two on the X chromosome. To all these loci, one must add 14 mitochondrial genes in which sequence variants have been shown to influence relevant fitness and performance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Pérusse
- Department of Preventive Medicine Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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