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Vázquez-Costa JF, Borrego-Hernández D, Paradas C, Gómez-Caravaca MT, Rojas-Garcia R, Varona L, Povedano M, García-Sobrino T, Jericó Pascual I, Gutiérrez A, Riancho J, Turon-Sans J, Assialioui A, Pérez-Tur J, Sevilla T, Esteban Pérez J, García-Redondo A. Characterizing SOD1 mutations in Spain. The impact of genotype, age, and sex in the natural history of the disease. Eur J Neurol 2022; 30:861-871. [PMID: 36484631 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to describe the frequency and distribution of SOD1 mutations in Spain, and to explore those factors contributing to their phenotype and prognosis. METHODS Seventeen centres shared data on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic SOD1 variants. Multivariable models were used to explore prognostic modifiers. RESULTS In 144 patients (from 88 families), 29 mutations (26 missense, 2 deletion/insertion and 1 frameshift) were found in all 5 exons of SOD1, including 7 novel mutations. 2.6% of ALS patients (including 17.7% familial and 1.3% sporadic) were estimated to carry SOD1 mutations. Its frequency varied considerably between regions, due to founder events. The most frequent mutation was p.Gly38Arg (n = 58), followed by p.Glu22Gly (n = 11), p.Asn140His (n = 10), and the novel p.Leu120Val (n = 10). Most mutations were characterized by a protracted course, and some of them by atypical phenotypes. Older age of onset was independently associated with faster disease progression (exp(Estimate) = 1.03 [0.01, 0.05], p = 0.001) and poorer survival (HR = 1.05 [1.01, 1.08], p = 0.007), regardless of the underlying mutation. Female sex was independently associated to faster disease progression (exp(Estimate) = 2.1 [1.23, 3.65], p = 0.012) in patients carrying the p.Gly38Arg mutation, resulting in shorter survival compared with male carriers (236 vs 301 months). CONCLUSIONS These data may help to evaluate the efficacy of SOD1 targeted treatments, and to expand the number of patients that might benefit from these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Vázquez-Costa
- Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Borrego-Hernández
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío and Instituto Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Rojas-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Motor Neuron Diseases Clinic, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Varona
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge and Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania García-Sobrino
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | | | - Antonio Gutiérrez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno-Infantil de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Javier Riancho
- Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL. Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría. Universidad Cantabria. Cantabria, Spain
| | - Janina Turon-Sans
- Motor Neuron Diseases Clinic, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC. CIBERNED. Unidad Mixta de Neurología y Genética. IIS La Fe. Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Esteban Pérez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Coppedè F, Stoccoro A, Mosca L, Gallo R, Tarlarini C, Lunetta C, Marocchi A, Migliore L, Penco S. Increase in DNA methylation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis carriers of not fully penetrant SOD1 mutations. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2017; 19:93-101. [PMID: 28859526 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2017.1367401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More than 180 different superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations have been described to date in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, including not completely penetrant ones leading to phenotypic heterogeneity among carriers. We collected DNA samples from five ALS families with not fully penetrant SOD1 mutations (p.Asn65Ser, p.Gly72Ser, p.Gly93Asp, and p.Gly130_Glu133del) searching for epigenetic differences among ALS patients, asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic carriers and non-carrier family members. METHODS Global DNA methylation levels (5-methylcytosine levels) were determined in blood DNA samples with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the methylation analysis of SOD1, FUS, TARDBP and C9orf72 genes was performed using Methylation-Sensitive High-Resolution Melting (MS-HRM) technique. RESULTS Global DNA methylation levels were significantly higher in blood DNA of ALS patients than in asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic carriers or family members non-carriers of SOD1 mutations, and a positive correlation between global DNA methylation levels and disease duration (months) was observed. SOD1, FUS, TARDBP and C9orf72 gene promoters were demethylated in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that global changes in DNA methylation might contribute to the ALS phenotype in carriers of not fully penetrant SOD1 mutations, thus reinforcing the role of epigenetic factors in modulating the phenotypic expression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- a Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery , Section of Medical Genetics, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- a Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery , Section of Medical Genetics, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,b Doctoral School in Genetics Oncology and Clinical Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnologies , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Lorena Mosca
- c Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine , ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan , Italy , and
| | - Roberta Gallo
- a Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery , Section of Medical Genetics, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Claudia Tarlarini
- c Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine , ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan , Italy , and
| | - Christian Lunetta
- d NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO) , ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandro Marocchi
- c Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine , ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan , Italy , and
| | - Lucia Migliore
- a Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery , Section of Medical Genetics, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Silvana Penco
- c Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine , ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan , Italy , and
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Ioannides ZA, Henderson RD, Robertson T, Davis M, McCombe PA. When does ALS start? A novel SOD-1 p.Gly142Arg mutation causing motor neurone disease with prominent premorbid cramps and spasms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:1031-2. [PMID: 26341325 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z A Ioannides
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R D Henderson
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Robertson
- Anatomical Pathology, Queensland Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - P A McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Sabatelli M, Conte A, Zollino M. Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Genet 2013; 83:408-16. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Zollino
- Istituto di Genetica Medica; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome; Italy
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García-Redondo A, Dols-Icardo O, Rojas-García R, Esteban-Pérez J, Cordero-Vázquez P, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Catalina I, González-Muñoz M, Varona L, Sarasola E, Povedano M, Sevilla T, Guerrero A, Pardo J, López de Munain A, Márquez-Infante C, de Rivera FJR, Pastor P, Jericó I, de Arcaya AÁ, Mora JS, Clarimón J, Gonzalo-Martínez JF, Juárez-Rufián A, Atencia G, Jiménez-Bautista R, Morán Y, Mascías J, Hernández-Barral M, Kapetanovic S, García-Barcina M, Alcalá C, Vela A, Ramírez-Ramos C, Galán L, Pérez-Tur J, Quintáns B, Sobrido MJ, Fernández-Torrón R, Poza JJ, Gorostidi A, Paradas C, Villoslada P, Larrodé P, Capablo JL, Pascual-Calvet J, Goñi M, Morgado Y, Guitart M, Moreno-Laguna S, Rueda A, Martín-Estefanía C, Cemillán C, Blesa R, Lleó A. Analysis of the C9orf72 gene in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Spain and different populations worldwide. Hum Mutat 2012; 34:79-82. [PMID: 22936364 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and/or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We assessed its frequency in 781 sporadic ALS (sALS) and 155 familial ALS (fALS) cases, and in 248 Spanish controls. We tested the presence of the reported founder haplotype among mutation carriers and in 171 Ceph Europeans from Utah (CEU), 170 Yoruba Africans, 81 Han Chinese, and 85 Japanese subjects. The C9orf72 expansion was present in 27.1% of fALS and 3.2% of sALS. Mutation carriers showed lower age at onset (P = 0.04), shorter survival (P = 0.02), greater co-occurrence of FTD (P = 8.2 × 10(-5)), and more family history of ALS (P = 1.4 × 10(-20)), than noncarriers. No association between alleles within the normal range and the risk of ALS was found (P = 0.12). All 61 of the mutation carriers were tested and a patient carrying 28 hexanucleotide repeats presented with the founder haplotype. This haplotype was found in 5.6% Yoruba Africans, 8.9% CEU, 3.9% Japanese, and 1.6% Han Chinese chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García-Redondo
- Department of Neurology, ALS Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Keckarević D, Stević Z, Keckarević-Marković M, Kecmanović M, Romac S. A novel P66S mutation in exon 3 of the SOD1 gene with early onset and rapid progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:237-40. [DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2011.627588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vela A, Galán L, Valencia C, de la Torre P, Cuadrado L, Esteban J, Guerrero A, García-Redondo A, Matías-Guiu J. SOD1-N196 mutation in a family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE The Pre-familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Pre-fALS) study is a longitudinal study of individuals potentially at risk for developing familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Our goals were to (1) explore participants' decisions of whether to learn results of presymptomatic testing or not; (2) understand the psychosocial impact of these decisions; and (3) assess preferences for receiving results by telephone or in person. METHODS The sample for this substudy comprised 20 participants drawn randomly from autosomal dominant mutant superoxide dismutase 1 families in the Pre-fALS study. Twenty participants completed a semistructured phone interview; prominent themes were identified and rated. RESULTS Fourteen participants chose to learn results; six had mutant superoxide dismutase 1 and eight had wild-type superoxide dismutase 1. Of the six who initially elected nondisclosure, three were reconsidering their decision. Regardless of the results and method of counseling, participants had adapted well, at least in the short term. CONCLUSION We recommend that (1) those considering presymptomatic genetic testing should undergo professional counseling to help decide whether to learn results; (2) discussion should include the option of telephone genetic counseling for those without easy access to in-person counseling; and (3) those who initially decline to learn results should be offered the opportunity to learn their mutation status as their decision evolves.
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Vela A, Galán L, Valencia C, Torre PDL, Cuadrado ML, Esteban J, Guerrero A, García-Redondo A, Matías-Guiu J. [SOD1-N196 mutation in a family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. Neurologia 2011; 27:11-5. [PMID: 21549454 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N19S mutation is produced by substitution in the 139 position of SOD1 and was described by Mayeux in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He suggested that it did not have a causal effect as it was found in asymptomatic and sporadic cases. Other authors in later articles did not agree. MATERIAL AND METHODS We describe a family with 4 members with ALS patients and attempt to find the carrier of the N19S mutation of the propositus. Molecular studies were performed on 15 members of the family of a different order. RESULTS The ALS cases were found in the maternal line of the propositus. The presence of the mutation was detected in 3 people, the other two were asymptomatic. One of patients with ALS in the family, who died previously, did not have the mutation. Two of the sons of this case and another of the other case did not show it. On the other hand, N19S mutation was only present in paternal branch of the propositus, where there were no cases. CONCLUSION The described family supports the hypothesis by Mayeux and against that mutation N19S has pathological consequences, since mutation is only in the family line where there are no cases with ALS. In consequence, although the described case is included as a familiar form, it cannot be attributed to the mutation, and its relationship with N19S should be considered as casual.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vela
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis of the Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) Gene in Japanese Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (SALS) Patients. Neurol Res Int 2011; 2011:165415. [PMID: 21603025 PMCID: PMC3096298 DOI: 10.1155/2011/165415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and the majority of ALS are sporadic (SALS). Recently, several causative genes for familial ALS (FALS) were identified, but the cause of the SALS is still unknown. This time, we aimed to identify the genetic background of SALS. First, we applied the new sensitive screening methods: high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. HRM analysis detected 18 out of 19 known SOD1 gene mutations (94.7% sensitivity). Next, we screened SOD1, three novel mutations (C6Y, Q22H, and S134T) were identified in our own 184 SALS cases (1.63% prevalence), and four mutations in another 255 SALS cases (1.56% prevalence) registered from all over Japan. The patients with SOD1 mutations suggested a relatively young onset and limb involvement at onset. The HRM analysis is a sensitive and easy screening method; we will use this method for screening other ALS causative genes and revealing the genetic background of SALS.
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del Grande A, Luigetti M, Conte A, Mancuso I, Lattante S, Marangi G, Stipa G, Zollino M, Sabatelli M. A novel L67P SOD1 mutation in an Italian ALS patient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 12:150-2. [DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2011.551939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gamez J, Caponnetto C, Ferrera L, Syriani E, Marini V, Morales M, Bordo D, Pirro C, Garre C, Origone P. I112M SOD1 mutation causes ALS with rapid progression and reduced penetrance in four Mediterranean families. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:70-5. [PMID: 20515426 DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2010.487906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated a possible genotype-phenotype correlation and looked for a founder effect in four Mediterranean families carrying the I112M SOD1 mutation. The structural characteristics of the mutated protein were also analysed. Clinical data of FALS subjects from four families were evaluated. Mutational analysis of the SOD1 gene was carried out by direct sequencing. A haplotype study was carried out using 11 polymorphic markers flanking the SOD1 gene. Structural analysis was performed by means of homology modelling and molecular graphics methods. The clinical pattern of 17 FALS patients was characterized by prevalent spinal onset, mean age at onset of 47.1 years and mean duration of 20.7 months. Several obligate carriers were observed. These findings indicate that the I112M mutation is consistently associated with a uniform, fast-progressing phenotype with reduced penetrance of the disease. The haplotype analysis did not show a common haplotype among the Spanish families and the Italian family; however, a possible common founder could be hypothesized for Spanish families. From a structural viewpoint, mutation at codon 112 seems to confer a severe phenotype, probably related to altered protein functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Gamez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Seetharaman SV, Prudencio M, Karch C, Holloway SP, Borchelt DR, Hart PJ. Immature copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:1140-54. [PMID: 19596823 DOI: 10.3181/0903-mr-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause an inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease, motor neuron disease). Insoluble forms of mutant SOD1 accumulate in neural tissues of human ALS patients and in spinal cords of transgenic mice expressing these polypeptides, suggesting that SOD1-linked ALS is a protein misfolding disorder. Understanding the molecular basis for how the pathogenic mutations give rise to SOD1 folding intermediates, which may themselves be toxic, is therefore of keen interest. A critical step on the SOD1 folding pathway occurs when the copper chaperone for SOD1 (CCS) modifies the nascent SOD1 polypeptide by inserting the catalytic copper cofactor and oxidizing its intrasubunit disulfide bond. Recent studies reveal that pathogenic SOD1 proteins coming from cultured cells and from the spinal cords of transgenic mice tend to be metal-deficient and/or lacking the disulfide bond, raising the possibility that the disease-causing mutations may enhance levels of SOD1-folding intermediates by preventing or hindering CCS-mediated SOD1 maturation. This mini-review explores this hypothesis by highlighting the structural and biophysical properties of the pathogenic SOD1 mutants in the context of what is currently known about CCS structure and action. Other hypotheses as to the nature of toxicity inherent in pathogenic SOD1 proteins are not covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai V Seetharaman
- Department of Biochemistry and the X-ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
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Eisen A, Mezei MM, Stewart HG, Fabros M, Gibson G, Andersen PM. SOD1 gene mutations in ALS patients from British Columbia, Canada: Clinical features, neurophysiology and ethical issues in management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 9:108-19. [DOI: 10.1080/17482960801900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang Q, Johnson JL, Agar NY, Agar JN. Protein aggregation and protein instability govern familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient survival. PLoS Biol 2008; 6:e170. [PMID: 18666828 PMCID: PMC2486295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the "toxic gain of function" that results from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-, Parkinson-, and Alzheimer-related mutations is a matter of debate. As a result no adequate model of any neurodegenerative disease etiology exists. We demonstrate that two synergistic properties, namely, increased protein aggregation propensity (increased likelihood that an unfolded protein will aggregate) and decreased protein stability (increased likelihood that a protein will unfold), are central to ALS etiology. Taken together these properties account for 69% of the variability in mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide-dismutase-linked familial ALS patient survival times. Aggregation is a concentration-dependent process, and spinal cord motor neurons have higher concentrations of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase than the surrounding cells. Protein aggregation therefore is expected to contribute to the selective vulnerability of motor neurons in familial ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joshua L Johnson
- Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Y.R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Luquin N, Yu B, Trent RJ, Morahan JM, Pamphlett R. An analysis of the entire SOD1 gene in sporadic ALS. Neuromuscul Disord 2008; 18:545-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Andersen PM, Borasio GD, Dengler R, Hardiman O, Kollewe K, Leigh PN, Pradat PF, Silani V, Tomik B. Good practice in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: clinical guidelines. An evidence-based review with good practice points. EALSC Working Group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 8:195-213. [PMID: 17653917 DOI: 10.1080/17482960701262376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The evidence base for diagnosis and management of ALS is still weak, and curative therapy is lacking. Nonetheless, early diagnosis and symptomatic therapy can profoundly influence care and quality of life of the patient and relatives, and may increase survival time. This review addresses the current optimal clinical approach to ALS. The literature search is complete to December 2006. Where there was lack of evidence but consensus was clear we have stated our opinion as good practice points. We conclude that a diagnosis of ALS can be achieved by early examination by an experienced neurologist. The patient should be informed of the diagnosis by the consultant. Following diagnosis, a multi-diciplinary care team should support the patient and relatives. Medication with riluzole should be initiated as early as possible. PEG is associated with improved nutrition and should be inserted early. The operation is hazardous in patients with VC <50%: RIG may be a better alternative. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation improves survival and quality of life but is underused in Europe. Maintaining the patient's ability to communicate is essential. During the course of the disease, every effort should be made to maintain patient autonomy. Advance directives for palliative end of life care are important and should be discussed early with the patient and relatives if they so wish.
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Gruzman A, Wood WL, Alpert E, Prasad MD, Miller RG, Rothstein JD, Bowser R, Hamilton R, Wood TD, Cleveland DW, Lingappa VR, Liu J. Common molecular signature in SOD1 for both sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:12524-9. [PMID: 17636119 PMCID: PMC1941502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705044104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron degenerative disease whose etiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Most cases of ALS ( approximately 90%) are sporadic (SALS), occurring in the absence of genetic associations. Approximately 20% of familial ALS (FALS) cases are due to known mutations in the copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene. Molecular evidence for a common pathogenesis of SALS and FALS has remained elusive. Here we use covalent chemical modification to reveal an attribute of spinal cord SOD1 common to both SOD1-linked FALS and SALS, but not present in normal or disease-affected tissues from other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and spinal muscular atrophy, a non-ALS motor neuron disease. Biotinylation reveals a 32-kDa, covalently cross-linked SOD1-containing protein species produced not only in FALS caused by SOD1 mutation, but also in SALS. These studies use chemical modification as a novel tool for the detection of a disease-associated biomarker. Our results identify a shared molecular event involving a known target gene and suggest a common step in the pathogenesis between SALS and FALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William L. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | | | | | - Robert G. Miller
- Department of Neurology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115
| | | | - Robert Bowser
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Ronald Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Troy D. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Don W. Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
- **To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
| | | | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107
- **To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
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19
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Corrado L, D'Alfonso S, Bergamaschi L, Testa L, Leone M, Nasuelli N, Momigliano-Richiardi P, Mazzini L. SOD1 gene mutations in Italian patients with Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Neuromuscul Disord 2006; 16:800-4. [PMID: 16952453 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the SOD1 gene exons and exon/intron boundaries were searched in 66 sporadic and 4 familial Italian ALS cases consecutively referred to our centre from different Italian regions. A mutation was found in three sporadic cases (4.5%): a new nonsense mutation in exon 5 (K136X) in a patient with a rapid and severe disease course and two previously described missense nucleotide substitutions (N65S and A95T) in two patients with a mild disease course. Comparison of the clinical characteristics with previously reported patients carrying the same or similar mutations showed a remarkable genotype-phenotype correlation. No association was found with intronic sequence variations by comparing their frequency in the patients and in 181 matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Corrado
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
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20
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Stewart HG, Mackenzie IR, Eisen A, Brännström T, Marklund SL, Andersen PM. Clinicopathological phenotype of ALS with a novel G72C SOD1 gene mutation mimicking a myopathy. Muscle Nerve 2006; 33:701-6. [PMID: 16435343 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A 71-year-old woman with a family history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was investigated for symmetrical, proximal limb and abdominal muscle weakness. Initial examination showed mild proximal muscle weakness in the arms and legs, slightly elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) level, and normal electromyographic (EMG) findings. A myopathy was the presumed diagnosis. Over the next year, weakness became severe and tendon reflexes became unelicitable; no upper motor signs were present. EMG then showed acute and chronic denervation and a muscle biopsy showed target fibers and grouped atrophy. DNA analysis revealed a G72C CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutation. Fasciculations were absent throughout the disease. The patient died 53 months after symptom onset and autopsy revealed loss of lower motor neurons (LMN) and SOD1-positive inclusions. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of ALS associated with SOD1 mutations to include presenting features that mimic a myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Stewart
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Umeå University, SE-90785 Umeå, Sweden.
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21
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Andersen PM. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with mutations in the CuZn superoxide dismutase gene. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2006; 6:37-46. [PMID: 16469270 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-996-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent epidemiologic, clinical-genetic, and neurochemical advances in our understanding of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their relationships to familial ALS caused by superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene mutations. It is of fundamental importance to recognize that ALS is a biologically heterogeneous syndrome in which genetics, environment, and aging are inter-related. The discovery of mutations in the SOD1 gene is the greatest breakthrough in ALS research since Charcot's description of the disorder, but the putative toxic gain of function of mutant SOD1 remains elusive despite intense research. Currently, two dominant theories for the pathogenesis of SOD1 mutations exist: specific protein cytotoxicity and protein aggregation. Mutant SOD1 interacts specifically with neurofilament-light chain mRNA and the dynein/dynactin complex, suggesting that cytoskeletal defects and axonal transport are key players. In addition, mutant SOD1 protein has increased propensity to form aggregate-prone monomers, and the degree of instability correlates inversely with length of survival; therefore, increased propensity to aggregate may be the unifying common denominator for the 119 diverse SOD1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden.
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22
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Zhang H, Zhao H, Lu M, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Ma D, Fan D. A rare Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mutation causing familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with variable age of onset and incomplete penetrance in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 6:234-8. [PMID: 16319027 DOI: 10.1080/14660820510044478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene have been found, accounting for about 20% of familial ALS (FALS). However, few have been identified in Chinese patients with FALS. We present a five-generation Chinese family with FALS with a rare mutation in exon 4 of the Cu/Zn SOD gene codon position 105, converting serine to leucine. Forty-seven family members including the proband were examined clinically; two affected persons had EMG and nerve conduction studies. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of the family members after informed consent. All five exons of the Cu/Zn SOD gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing was performed on purified products. Exon 4 of the Cu/Zn SOD gene was amplified from genomic DNA isolated from not only the family members but also from 50 unrelated healthy Chinese control subjects. A rare S105L mutation, which is heterozygous with C by T at position 1,125 of the coding sequence in exon 4 of the Cu/Zn SOD gene, was found in the proband and her affected elder brother. The clinical phenotype within the FALS patients in this family is relatively variable. The age at onset ranged from 32 to 65 years, with initial symptoms in either the upper or lower extremities in different family members. Two subjects aged 72 and 60 years remained asymptomatic until their death from other causes, although their offspring carrying the same mutation have already developed clinical evidence of the disease. The S105L mutation was identified in another seven asymptomatic family members, aged 7 to 59 years. It is concluded that the S105L mutation in exon 4 of the Cu/Zn SOD gene is pathogenic. The phenotype is characterized by relatively variable clinical symptoms, with incomplete penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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23
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Andersen PM, Borasio GD, Dengler R, Hardiman O, Kollewe K, Leigh PN, Pradat PF, Silani V, Tomik B. EFNS task force on management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: guidelines for diagnosing and clinical care of patients and relatives. An evidence-based review with good practice points. Eur J Neurol 2005; 12:921-38. [PMID: 16324086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most devastating diseases known, there is little evidence for diagnosing and managing patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although specific therapy is lacking, correct early diagnosis and introduction of symptomatic and specific therapy can have a profound influence on the care and quality of life of the patient and may increase survival time. This document addresses the optimal clinical approach to ALS. The final literature search was performed in the spring of 2005. Consensus recommendations are given graded according to the EFNS guidance regulations. Where there was lack of evidence but consensus was clear we have stated our opinion as good practice points. People affected with possible ALS should be examined as soon as possible by an experienced neurologist. Early diagnosis should be pursued and a number of investigations should be performed with high priority. The patient should be informed of the diagnosis by a consultant with a good knowledge of the patient and the disease. Following diagnosis, the patient and relatives should receive regular support from a multidisciplinary care team. Medication with riluzole should be initiated as early as possible. PEG is associated with improved nutrition and should be inserted early. The operation is hazardous in patients with vital capacity < 50%. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation improves survival and quality of life but is underused. Maintaining the patients ability to communicate is essential. During the entire course of the disease, every effort should be made to maintain patient autonomy. Advance directives for palliative end of life care are important and should be fully discussed early with the patient and relatives respecting the patients social and cultural background.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden.
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24
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Nogales-Gadea G, Garcia-Arumi E, Andreu AL, Cervera C, Gamez J. A novel exon 5 mutation (N139H) in the SOD1 gene in a Spanish family associated with incomplete penetrance. J Neurol Sci 2004; 219:1-6. [PMID: 15050430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2003.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2003] [Revised: 10/20/2003] [Accepted: 10/24/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allelic heterogeneity and phenotype variability-especially in age at onset, penetrance and progression-are reported in ALS1 families. For this reason, SOD1 gene mutation data in ALS1 patients are currently being gathered to better understand the genotype-phenotype relationship in this disorder. Here, we report the clinical and molecular characteristics of a Spanish ALS1 family with incomplete penetrance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data including age at onset, initial topography, progression and survival were available in three affected members. Erythrocyte SOD1 activity was measured in four individuals. Analysis of the SOD1 gene was performed by PCR and direct sequencing. RESULTS A novel missense mutation in the exon 5 of the SOD1 gene, an A-to-C transversion at nucleotide position 1485 leading to N139H residue change, was identified in three family members. The phenotype was similar in all cases, with initial symptoms in the distal limb muscles and a mean survival time of around 4 years. Incomplete penetrance was observed in our family, as two obligate carriers did not develop any symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). CONCLUSIONS N139H is the fifth SOD1 gene mutation reported in Spain, and the first one presenting with incomplete penetrance. Genetic counseling for at-risk relatives in these low-penetrance families could be difficult as some individuals harbouring the mutation remain asymptomatic throughout their lives. Further genetic characterisation of ALS1 families should provide information regarding the distribution of SOD1 mutants in different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Neurology Department, Hospital General. Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Servicio de Neurologia, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 113-135, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Neurophysiology of hereditary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-4231(04)04031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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26
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Chapter 5 Clinical Aspects of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Motor Neuron Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1877-3419(09)70106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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