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Das B, Roychowdhury S, Mohanty P, Rizuan A, Chakraborty J, Mittal J, Chattopadhyay K. A Zn-dependent structural transition of SOD1 modulates its ability to undergo phase separation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111185. [PMID: 36416085 PMCID: PMC9841336 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The misfolding and mutation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is commonly associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). SOD1 can accumulate within stress granules (SGs), a type of membraneless organelle, which is believed to form via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Using wild-type, metal-deficient, and different ALS disease mutants of SOD1 and computer simulations, we report here that the absence of Zn leads to structural disorder within two loop regions of SOD1, triggering SOD1 LLPS and amyloid formation. The addition of exogenous Zn to either metal-free SOD1 or to the severe ALS mutation I113T leads to the stabilization of the loops and impairs SOD1 LLPS and aggregation. Moreover, partial Zn-mediated inhibition of LLPS was observed for another severe ALS mutant, G85R, which shows perturbed Zn-binding. By contrast, the ALS mutant G37R, which shows reduced Cu-binding, does not undergo LLPS. In addition, SOD1 condensates induced by Zn-depletion exhibit greater cellular toxicity than aggregates formed by prolonged incubation under aggregating conditions. Overall, our work establishes a role for Zn-dependent modulation of SOD1 conformation and LLPS properties that may contribute to amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Das
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Sumangal Roychowdhury
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Priyesh Mohanty
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Azamat Rizuan
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Joy Chakraborty
- Cell Biology and Physiology DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Krishnananda Chattopadhyay
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
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2
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Cheng Y, Chen H. Aberrance of Zinc Metalloenzymes-Induced Human Diseases and Its Potential Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124456. [PMID: 34960004 PMCID: PMC8707169 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc, an essential micronutrient in the human body, is a component in over 300 enzymes and participates in regulating enzymatic activity. Zinc metalloenzymes play a crucial role in physiological processes including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune responses, as well as apoptosis. Aberrant enzyme activity can lead to various human diseases. In this review, we summarize zinc homeostasis, the roles of zinc in zinc metalloenzymes, the physiological processes of zinc metalloenzymes, and aberrant zinc metalloenzymes in human diseases. In addition, potential mechanisms of action are also discussed. This comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of action of the regulatory functions of zinc in enzyme activity could inform novel zinc-micronutrient-supply strategies for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Cheng
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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3
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Mohassel P, Donkervoort S, Lone MA, Nalls M, Gable K, Gupta SD, Foley AR, Hu Y, Saute JAM, Moreira AL, Kok F, Introna A, Logroscino G, Grunseich C, Nickolls AR, Pourshafie N, Neuhaus SB, Saade D, Gangfuß A, Kölbel H, Piccus Z, Le Pichon CE, Fiorillo C, Ly CV, Töpf A, Brady L, Specht S, Zidell A, Pedro H, Mittelmann E, Thomas FP, Chao KR, Konersman CG, Cho MT, Brandt T, Straub V, Connolly AM, Schara U, Roos A, Tarnopolsky M, Höke A, Brown RH, Lee CH, Hornemann T, Dunn TM, Bönnemann CG. Childhood amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by excess sphingolipid synthesis. Nat Med 2021; 27:1197-1204. [PMID: 34059824 PMCID: PMC9309980 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease of the lower and upper motor neurons with sporadic or hereditary occurrence. Age of onset, pattern of motor neuron degeneration and disease progression vary widely among individuals with ALS. Various cellular processes may drive ALS pathomechanisms, but a monogenic direct metabolic disturbance has not been causally linked to ALS. Here we show SPTLC1 variants that result in unrestrained sphingoid base synthesis cause a monogenic form of ALS. We identified four specific, dominantly acting SPTLC1 variants in seven families manifesting as childhood-onset ALS. These variants disrupt the normal homeostatic regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) by ORMDL proteins, resulting in unregulated SPT activity and elevated levels of canonical SPT products. Notably, this is in contrast with SPTLC1 variants that shift SPT amino acid usage from serine to alanine, result in elevated levels of deoxysphingolipids and manifest with the alternate phenotype of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. We custom designed small interfering RNAs that selectively target the SPTLC1 ALS allele for degradation, leave the normal allele intact and normalize sphingolipid levels in vitro. The role of primary metabolic disturbances in ALS has been elusive; this study defines excess sphingolipid biosynthesis as a fundamental metabolic mechanism for motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Mohassel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Museer A Lone
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Nalls
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Gable
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sita D Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Medical Genetics division and Neurology division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, and Internal Medicine Department; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucila Moreira
- Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Kok
- Neurogenetics Outpatient Service, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Mendelics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Introna
- Neurology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Neurology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari at 'Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico' Hospital Tricase (Le), Bari, Italy
| | - Christopher Grunseich
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alec R Nickolls
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naemeh Pourshafie
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah B Neuhaus
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dimah Saade
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Gangfuß
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Kölbel
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Zoe Piccus
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire E Le Pichon
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, G. Gaslini Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cindy V Ly
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lauren Brady
- Division of Neuromuscular & Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine Specht
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aliza Zidell
- Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Helio Pedro
- Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Eric Mittelmann
- Department of Neurology, Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Florian P Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine R Chao
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chamindra G Konersman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne M Connolly
- Department of Paediatrics, Neurology Division, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- Division of Neuromuscular & Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Post J, Schaffrath A, Gering I, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Shah NJ, Langen KJ, Willbold D, Kutzsche J, Willuweit A. Oral Treatment with RD2RD2 Impedes Development of Motoric Phenotype and Delays Symptom Onset in SOD1 G93A Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137066. [PMID: 34209129 PMCID: PMC8269060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It has been implicated as driver of disease progression and is observed in ALS patients, as well as in the transgenic SOD1G93A mouse model. Here, we explore and validate the therapeutic potential of the d-enantiomeric peptide RD2RD2 upon oral administration in SOD1G93A mice. Transgenic mice were treated daily with RD2RD2 or placebo for 10 weeks and phenotype progression was followed with several behavioural tests. At the end of the study, plasma cytokine levels and glia cell markers in brain and spinal cord were analysed. Treatment resulted in a significantly increased performance in behavioural and motor coordination tests and a decelerated neurodegenerative phenotype in RD2RD2-treated SOD1G93A mice. Additionally, we observed retardation of the average disease onset. Treatment of SOD1G93A mice led to significant reduction in glial cell activation and a rescue of neurons. Analysis of plasma revealed normalisation of several cytokines in samples of RD2RD2-treated SOD1G93A mice towards the levels of non-transgenic mice. In conclusion, these findings qualify RD2RD2 to be considered for further development and testing towards a disease modifying ALS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Post
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (J.P.); (A.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Anja Schaffrath
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (J.P.); (A.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Ian Gering
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (J.P.); (A.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.H.); (S.L.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.H.); (S.L.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Brain-Translational Medicine, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (J.P.); (A.S.); (I.G.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (J.K.); (A.W.); Tel.: +49-2461-612100 (D.W.); +49-2461-619496 (J.K.); +49-2461-6196358 (A.W.); Fax: +49-2461-612023 (D.W.); +49-2461-619497 (J.K.); +49-2461-612302 (A.W.)
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (J.P.); (A.S.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (J.K.); (A.W.); Tel.: +49-2461-612100 (D.W.); +49-2461-619496 (J.K.); +49-2461-6196358 (A.W.); Fax: +49-2461-612023 (D.W.); +49-2461-619497 (J.K.); +49-2461-612302 (A.W.)
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (J.K.); (A.W.); Tel.: +49-2461-612100 (D.W.); +49-2461-619496 (J.K.); +49-2461-6196358 (A.W.); Fax: +49-2461-612023 (D.W.); +49-2461-619497 (J.K.); +49-2461-612302 (A.W.)
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5
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Tseng YJ, Sandwith SN, Green KM, Chambers AE, Krans A, Raimer HM, Sharlow ME, Reisinger MA, Richardson AE, Routh ED, Smaldino MA, Wang YH, Vaughn JP, Todd PK, Smaldino PJ. The RNA helicase DHX36-G4R1 modulates C9orf72 GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat-associated translation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100914. [PMID: 34174288 PMCID: PMC8326427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the endosomal trafficking gene C9orf72 are the most common genetic cause of ALS and frontotemporal dementia. Repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of this expansion through near-cognate initiation codon usage and internal ribosomal entry generates toxic proteins that accumulate in patients' brains and contribute to disease pathogenesis. The helicase protein DEAH-box helicase 36 (DHX36–G4R1) plays active roles in RNA and DNA G-quadruplex (G4) resolution in cells. As G4C2 repeats are known to form G4 structures in vitro, we sought to determine the impact of manipulating DHX36 expression on repeat transcription and RAN translation. Using a series of luciferase reporter assays both in cells and in vitro, we found that DHX36 depletion suppresses RAN translation in a repeat length–dependent manner, whereas overexpression of DHX36 enhances RAN translation from G4C2 reporter RNAs. Moreover, upregulation of RAN translation that is typically triggered by integrated stress response activation is prevented by loss of DHX36. These results suggest that DHX36 is active in regulating G4C2 repeat translation, providing potential implications for therapeutic development in nucleotide repeat expansion disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Tseng
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Siara N Sandwith
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Katelyn M Green
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Amy Krans
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Heather M Raimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric D Routh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - James P Vaughn
- Division of Cancer Biology, NanoMedica LLC, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter K Todd
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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6
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Sannigrahi A, Chowdhury S, Das B, Banerjee A, Halder A, Kumar A, Saleem M, Naganathan AN, Karmakar S, Chattopadhyay K. The metal cofactor zinc and interacting membranes modulate SOD1 conformation-aggregation landscape in an in vitro ALS model. eLife 2021; 10:e61453. [PMID: 33825682 PMCID: PMC8087447 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is implicated in the motor neuron disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although more than 140 disease mutations of SOD1 are available, their stability or aggregation behaviors in membrane environment are not correlated with disease pathophysiology. Here, we use multiple mutational variants of SOD1 to show that the absence of Zn, and not Cu, significantly impacts membrane attachment of SOD1 through two loop regions facilitating aggregation driven by lipid-induced conformational changes. These loop regions influence both the primary (through Cu intake) and the gain of function (through aggregation) of SOD1 presumably through a shared conformational landscape. Combining experimental and theoretical frameworks using representative ALS disease mutants, we develop a 'co-factor derived membrane association model' wherein mutational stress closer to the Zn (but not to the Cu) pocket is responsible for membrane association-mediated toxic aggregation and survival time scale after ALS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinta Sannigrahi
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Sourav Chowdhury
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Bidisha Das
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource development Centre CampusGhaziabadIndia
| | | | | | - Amaresh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)BhubaneswarIndia
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)BhubaneswarIndia
| | - Athi N Naganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiIndia
| | | | - Krishnananda Chattopadhyay
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource development Centre CampusGhaziabadIndia
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7
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Barros JBDS, Santos KDF, Azevedo RM, de Oliveira RPD, Leobas ACD, Bento DDCP, Santos RDS, Reis AADS. No association of GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case-control study in the Brazilian population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247024. [PMID: 33606765 PMCID: PMC7894827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons and promotes progressive muscle atrophy. It has a multifactorial etiology, where environmental conditions playing a remarkable role through the increase of oxidative stress. Genetic polymorphisms in cell detoxification genes, such as Glutathione S-Transferase Pi 1 (GSTP1) can contribute to excessive oxidative stress, and therefore may be a risk factor to ALS. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of the GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism in ALS susceptibility in different genetic inheritance models and evaluate the association of the genotypes with risk factors, clinical and demographic characteristics of ALS patients from the Brazilian central population. This case-control study was conducted with 101 patients with ALS and 101 healthy controls. GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism genotyping was performed with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS statistical package and SNPStats software. Analysis of genetic inheritance models was performed by logistic regression, which was used to determine the Odds Ratio. The results of this first study in the Brazilian population demonstrated that there was no risk association between the development of ALS and the GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism in any genetic inheritance model (codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, and logarithmic); and that the polymorphic variants were not associated with the clinical and demographic characteristics of ALS patients. No association of the GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism and ALS development in the Brazilian central population was found. These findings may be justified by the multifactorial character of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Barletto de Sousa Barros
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Kamilla de Faria Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Morais Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rayana Pereira Dantas de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Dourado Leobas
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo da Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Angela Adamski da Silva Reis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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8
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Rojas P, Ramírez AI, Cadena M, Fernández-Albarral JA, Salobrar-García E, López-Cuenca I, Santos-García I, de Lago E, Urcelay-Segura JL, Ramírez JM, de Hoz R, Salazar JJ. Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss and Microglial Activation in a SOD1G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041663. [PMID: 33562231 PMCID: PMC7915199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affects the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral cortex. In this pathology, both neurons and glial cells are affected. However, few studies have analyzed retinal microglia in ALS models. In this study, we quantified the signs of microglial activation and the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in an SOD1G93A transgenic mouse model at 120 days (advanced stage of the disease) in retinal whole-mounts. For SOD1G93A animals (compared to the wild-type), we found, in microglial cells, (i) a significant increase in the area occupied by each microglial cell in the total area of the retina; (ii) a significant increase in the arbor area in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) inferior sector; (iii) the presence of cells with retracted processes; (iv) areas of cell groupings in some sectors; (v) no significant increase in the number of microglial cells; (vi) the expression of IFN-γ and IL-1β; and (vii) the non-expression of IL-10 and arginase-I. For the RGCs, we found a decrease in their number. In conclusion, in the SOD1G93A model (at 120 days), retinal microglial activation occurred, taking a pro-inflammatory phenotype M1, which affected the OPL and inner retinal layers and could be related to RGC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (A.I.R.); (J.A.F.-A.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.M.R.)
- Instituto Oftálmico de Madrid, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (J.L.U.-S.)
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (A.I.R.); (J.A.F.-A.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.M.R.)
- OFTARED-ISCIII, IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28011 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Cadena
- Instituto Oftálmico de Madrid, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (J.L.U.-S.)
| | - José A. Fernández-Albarral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (A.I.R.); (J.A.F.-A.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (A.I.R.); (J.A.F.-A.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.M.R.)
- OFTARED-ISCIII, IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28011 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (A.I.R.); (J.A.F.-A.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Irene Santos-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28011 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.-G.); (E.d.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva de Lago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28011 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.-G.); (E.d.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Urcelay-Segura
- Instituto Oftálmico de Madrid, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (J.L.U.-S.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (A.I.R.); (J.A.F.-A.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.M.R.)
- OFTARED-ISCIII, IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28011 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (A.I.R.); (J.A.F.-A.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.M.R.)
- OFTARED-ISCIII, IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28011 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.d.H.); (J.J.S.)
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.R.); (A.I.R.); (J.A.F.-A.); (E.S.-G.); (I.L.-C.); (J.M.R.)
- OFTARED-ISCIII, IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28011 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.d.H.); (J.J.S.)
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9
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Rozas P, Pinto C, Martínez Traub F, Díaz R, Pérez V, Becerra D, Ojeda P, Ojeda J, Wright MT, Mella J, Plate L, Henríquez JP, Hetz C, Medinas DB. Protein disulfide isomerase ERp57 protects early muscle denervation in experimental ALS. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33541434 PMCID: PMC7863244 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motoneurons. Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been described as a causative genetic factor for ALS. Mice overexpressing ALS-linked mutant SOD1 develop ALS symptoms accompanied by histopathological alterations and protein aggregation. The protein disulfide isomerase family member ERp57 is one of the main up-regulated proteins in tissue of ALS patients and mutant SOD1 mice, whereas point mutations in ERp57 were described as possible risk factors to develop the disease. ERp57 catalyzes disulfide bond formation and isomerization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), constituting a central component of protein quality control mechanisms. However, the actual contribution of ERp57 to ALS pathogenesis remained to be defined. Here, we studied the consequences of overexpressing ERp57 in experimental ALS using mutant SOD1 mice. Double transgenic SOD1G93A/ERp57WT animals presented delayed deterioration of electrophysiological activity and maintained muscle innervation compared to single transgenic SOD1G93A littermates at early-symptomatic stage, along with improved motor performance without affecting survival. The overexpression of ERp57 reduced mutant SOD1 aggregation, but only at disease end-stage, dissociating its role as an anti-aggregation factor from the protection of neuromuscular junctions. Instead, proteomic analysis revealed that the neuroprotective effects of ERp57 overexpression correlated with increased levels of synaptic and actin cytoskeleton proteins in the spinal cord. Taken together, our results suggest that ERp57 operates as a disease modifier at early stages by maintaining motoneuron connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rozas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Pinto
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisca Martínez Traub
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Díaz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana Pérez
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Becerra
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Ojeda
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Ojeda
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Madison T Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica Mella
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Henríquez
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
| | - Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Angelini DF, De Angelis F, Vacca V, Piras E, Parisi C, Nutini M, Spalloni A, Pagano F, Longone P, Battistini L, Pavone F, Marinelli S. Very Early Involvement of Innate Immunity in Peripheral Nerve Degeneration in SOD1-G93A Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575792. [PMID: 33329541 PMCID: PMC7714949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that immune system has a role in the progression and prognosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), but the identification of a clear mechanism and immune players remains to be elucidated. Here, we have investigated, in 30 and 60 days (presymptomatic) and 120 days (symptomatic) old SOD1-G93A mice, systemic, peripheral, and central innate and adaptive immune and inflammatory response, correlating it with the progression of the neurodegeneration in neuromuscular junction, sciatic nerves, and spinal cord. Surprisingly, we found a very initial (45-60 days) presence of IgG in sciatic nerves together with a gradual enhancement of A20/TNFAIP3 (protein controlling NF-κB signalling) and a concomitantly significant increase and activation of circulating mast cells (MCs) as well as MCs and macrophages in sciatic nerve and an enhancement of IL-6 and IL-10. This immunological frame coincided with a myelin aggregation. The 30-60 days old SOD1-G93A mice didn't show real elements of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in spinal cord. In 120 days old mice macrophages and monocytes are widely diffused in sciatic nerves, peripheral neurodegeneration reaches the tip, high circulating levels of TNFα and IL-2 were found and spinal cord exhibits clear signs of neural damage and infiltrating immune cells. Our results underpin a clear immunological disorder at the origin of ALS axonopathy, in which MCs are involved in the initiation and sustaining of inflammatory events. These data cannot be considered a mere epiphenomenon of motor neuron degeneration and reveal new potential selective immune targets in ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica De Angelis
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vacca
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piras
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Parisi
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Nutini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alida Spalloni
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Pavone
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Marinelli
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
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11
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Mishra V, Re DB, Le Verche V, Alvarez MJ, Vasciaveo A, Jacquier A, Doulias PT, Greco TM, Nizzardo M, Papadimitriou D, Nagata T, Rinchetti P, Perez-Torres EJ, Politi KA, Ikiz B, Clare K, Than ME, Corti S, Ischiropoulos H, Lotti F, Califano A, Przedborski S. Systematic elucidation of neuron-astrocyte interaction in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using multi-modal integrated bioinformatics workflow. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5579. [PMID: 33149111 PMCID: PMC7642391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communications are critical determinants of pathophysiological phenotypes, but methodologies for their systematic elucidation are lacking. Herein, we propose an approach for the Systematic Elucidation and Assessment of Regulatory Cell-to-cell Interaction Networks (SEARCHIN) to identify ligand-mediated interactions between distinct cellular compartments. To test this approach, we selected a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in which astrocytes expressing mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (mutSOD1) kill wild-type motor neurons (MNs) by an unknown mechanism. Our integrative analysis that combines proteomics and regulatory network analysis infers the interaction between astrocyte-released amyloid precursor protein (APP) and death receptor-6 (DR6) on MNs as the top predicted ligand-receptor pair. The inferred deleterious role of APP and DR6 is confirmed in vitro in models of ALS. Moreover, the DR6 knockdown in MNs of transgenic mutSOD1 mice attenuates the ALS-like phenotype. Our results support the usefulness of integrative, systems biology approach to gain insights into complex neurobiological disease processes as in ALS and posit that the proposed methodology is not restricted to this biological context and could be used in a variety of other non-cell-autonomous communication mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Mishra
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Spark Therapeutics, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Diane B Re
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Virginia Le Verche
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Mariano J Alvarez
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- DarwinHealth Inc., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alessandro Vasciaveo
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Jacquier
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 - Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Paschalis-Tomas Doulias
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - Monica Nizzardo
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Dimitra Papadimitriou
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Henry Dunant Hospital, BRFAA, Athens, Greece
| | - Tetsuya Nagata
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paola Rinchetti
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Eduardo J Perez-Torres
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kristin A Politi
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Burcin Ikiz
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kevin Clare
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Manuel E Than
- Protein Crystallography Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Francesco Lotti
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Serge Przedborski
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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12
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Cveticanin J, Mondal T, Meiering EM, Sharon M, Horovitz A. Insight into the Autosomal-Dominant Inheritance Pattern of SOD1-Associated ALS from Native Mass Spectrometry. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5995-6002. [PMID: 33058881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
About 20% of all familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases are associated with mutations in superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a homodimeric protein. The disease has an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. It is, therefore, important to determine whether wild-type and mutant SOD1 subunits self-associate randomly or preferentially. A measure for the extent of bias in subunit association is the coupling constant determined in a double-mutant cycle type analysis. Here, cell lysates containing co-expressed wild-type and mutant SOD1 subunits were analyzed by native mass spectrometry to determine these coupling constants. Strikingly, we find a linear positive correlation between the coupling constant and the reported average duration of the disease. Our results indicate that inter-subunit communication and a preference for heterodimerization greatly increase the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Cveticanin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tridib Mondal
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Amnon Horovitz
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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13
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Nagata E, Fujii N, Kohara S, Okada C, Satoh T, Takekoshi S, Takao M, Mihara B, Takizawa S. Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 promotes cell death of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6479-6485. [PMID: 32929655 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that inositol hexakisphosphate kinase (InsP6K)2 mediates cell death. InsP6K2 is abundantly expressed in anterior horn cells of the mammalian spinal cord. We investigated the role of InsP6K2 in spinal cords of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autopsy specimens of lumbar spinal cords from ten patients with sporadic ALS and five non-neurological disease patients (NNDPs) were obtained. We performed quantitative real-time PCR, immunostaining, and western blotting for InsP6K1, InsP6K2, InsP6K3, protein kinase B (Akt), casein kinase 2 (CK2), and 90-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP90). In contrast to InsP6K1 and InsP6K3 mRNA expression, InsP6K2 levels in anterior horn cells of the spinal cord were significantly increased in ALS patients compared to NNDPs. In ALS patients, InsP6K2 translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. However, we observed a decrease in HSP90, CK2, and Akt activity in ALS patients compared to NNDPs. A previous study reported that InsP6K2 activity is suppressed after binding to HSP90 and subsequent phosphorylation and degradation by CK2, thus decreasing InsP6K2 activity. However, InsP7, which is generated by InsP6K2, can compete with Akt for PH domain binding. Consequently, InsP7 can inhibit Akt phosphorylation. Our results suggest that InsP6K2 is activated in the spinal cord of patients with ALS and may play an important role in ALS by inducing cell death mechanisms via Akt, CK2, and HSP90 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Natsuko Fujii
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Saori Kohara
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Chisa Okada
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Satoh
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Susumu Takekoshi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ban Mihara
- Department of Neurology, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shunya Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
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14
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Bouscary A, Quessada C, René F, Spedding M, Henriques A, Ngo S, Loeffler JP. Drug repositioning in neurodegeneration: An overview of the use of ambroxol in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173446. [PMID: 32739173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease in adults. While it is primarily characterized by the death of upper and lower motor neurons, there is a significant metabolic component involved in the progression of the disease. Two-thirds of ALS patients have metabolic alterations that are associated with the severity of symptoms. In ALS, as in other neurodegenerative diseases, the metabolism of glycosphingolipids, a class of complex lipids, is strongly dysregulated. We therefore assume that this pathway constitutes an interesting avenue for therapeutic approaches. We have shown that the glucosylceramide degrading enzyme, glucocerebrosidase (GBA) 2 is abnormally increased in the spinal cord of the SOD1G86R mouse model of ALS. Ambroxol, a chaperone molecule that inhibits GBA2, has been shown to have beneficial effects by slowing the development of the disease in SOD1G86R mice. Currently used in clinical trials for Parkinson's and Gaucher disease, ambroxol could be considered as a promising therapeutic treatment for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bouscary
- INSERM U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, UMR-S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Quessada
- INSERM U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, UMR-S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédérique René
- INSERM U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, UMR-S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Shyuan Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- INSERM U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, UMR-S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Tallon C, Marshall KL, Kennedy ME, Hyde LA, Farah MH. Pharmacological BACE Inhibition Improves Axonal Regeneration in Nerve Injury and Disease Models. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:973-988. [PMID: 32236823 PMCID: PMC7609814 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While the peripheral nervous system is able to repair itself following injury and disease, recovery is often slow and incomplete, with no available treatments to enhance the effectiveness of regeneration. Using knock-out and transgenic overexpressor mice, we previously reported that BACE1, an aspartyl protease, as reported by Hemming et al. (PLoS One 4:12, 2009), negatively regulates peripheral nerve regeneration. Here, we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of BACE may enhance peripheral nerve repair following traumatic nerve injury or neurodegenerative disease. BACE inhibitor-treated mice had increased numbers of regenerating axons and enhanced functional recovery after a sciatic nerve crush while inhibition increased axonal sprouting following a partial nerve injury. In the SOD1G93A ALS mouse model, BACE inhibition increased axonal regeneration with improved muscle re-innervation. CHL1, a BACE1 substrate, was elevated in treated mice and may mediate enhanced regeneration. Our data demonstrates that pharmacological BACE inhibition accelerates peripheral axon regeneration after varied nerve injuries and could be used as a potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Tallon
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The John G. Rangos Sr. Building, Room 239, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Katherine L Marshall
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The John G. Rangos Sr. Building, Room 239, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | | | - Mohamed H Farah
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The John G. Rangos Sr. Building, Room 239, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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16
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Ceccanti M, Pozzilli V, Cambieri C, Libonati L, Onesti E, Frasca V, Fiorini I, Petrucci A, Garibaldi M, Palma E, Bendotti C, Fabbrizio P, Trolese MC, Nardo G, Inghilleri M. Creatine Kinase and Progression Rate in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051174. [PMID: 32397320 PMCID: PMC7291088 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with no recognized clinical prognostic factor. Creatinine kinase (CK) increase in these patients is already described with conflicting results on prognosis and survival. In 126 ALS patients who were fast or slow disease progressors, CK levels were assayed for 16 months every 4 months in an observational case-control cohort study with prospective data collection conducted in Italy. CK was also measured at baseline in 88 CIDP patients with secondary axonal damage and in two mouse strains (129SvHSD and C57-BL) carrying the same SOD1G93A transgene expression but showing a fast (129Sv-SOD1G93A) and slow (C57-SOD1G93A) ALS progression rate. Higher CK was found in ALS slow progressors compared to fast progressors in T1, T2, T3, and T4, with a correlation with Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) scores. Higher CK was found in spinal compared to bulbar-onset patients. Transgenic and non-transgenic C57BL mice showed higher CK levels compared to 129SvHSD strain. At baseline mean CK was higher in ALS compared to CIDP. CK can predict the disease progression, with slow progressors associated with higher levels and fast progressors to lower levels, in both ALS patients and mice. CK is higher in ALS patients compared to patients with CIDP with secondary axonal damage; the higher levels of CK in slow progressors patients, but also in C57BL transgenic and non-transgenic mice designs CK as a predisposing factor for disease rate progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ceccanti
- Rare Neuromuscular Diseases Centre, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (E.O.); (V.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Valeria Pozzilli
- Rare Neuromuscular Diseases Centre, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (E.O.); (V.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Chiara Cambieri
- Rare Neuromuscular Diseases Centre, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (E.O.); (V.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Laura Libonati
- Rare Neuromuscular Diseases Centre, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (E.O.); (V.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Emanuela Onesti
- Rare Neuromuscular Diseases Centre, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (E.O.); (V.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Vittorio Frasca
- Rare Neuromuscular Diseases Centre, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (E.O.); (V.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Ilenia Fiorini
- Rare Neuromuscular Diseases Centre, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (E.O.); (V.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Antonio Petrucci
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Rare Diseases, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy;
| | - Matteo Garibaldi
- Neuromuscular Disease Centre, Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Laboratory Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Famacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (P.F.); (M.C.T.); (G.N.)
| | - Paola Fabbrizio
- Laboratory Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Famacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (P.F.); (M.C.T.); (G.N.)
| | - Maria Chiara Trolese
- Laboratory Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Famacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (P.F.); (M.C.T.); (G.N.)
| | - Giovanni Nardo
- Laboratory Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Famacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (P.F.); (M.C.T.); (G.N.)
| | - Maurizio Inghilleri
- Rare Neuromuscular Diseases Centre, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (E.O.); (V.F.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0-6499-14122
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17
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Ye J, Cheung J, Gerbino V, Ahlsén G, Zimanyi C, Hirsh D, Maniatis T. Effects of ALS-associated TANK binding kinase 1 mutations on protein-protein interactions and kinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24517-24526. [PMID: 31748271 PMCID: PMC6900539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915732116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exonic DNA sequence variants in the Tbk1 gene associate with both sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we examine functional defects in 25 missense TBK1 mutations, focusing on kinase activity and protein-protein interactions. We identified kinase domain (KD) mutations that abolish kinase activity or display substrate-specific defects in specific pathways, such as innate immunity and autophagy. By contrast, mutations in the scaffold dimerization domain (SDD) of TBK1 can cause the loss of kinase activity due to structural disruption, despite an intact KD. Familial ALS mutations in ubiquitin-like domain (ULD) or SDD display defects in dimerization; however, a subset retains kinase activity. These observations indicate that TBK1 dimerization is not required for kinase activation. Rather, dimerization seems to increase protein stability and enables efficient kinase-substrate interactions. Our study revealed many aspects of TBK1 activities affected by ALS mutations, highlighting the complexity of disease pathogenicity and providing insights into TBK1 activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Jonah Cheung
- Special Projects Group, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027
| | - Valeria Gerbino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Göran Ahlsén
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Christina Zimanyi
- Special Projects Group, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027
| | - David Hirsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
- Special Projects Group, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027
| | - Tom Maniatis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032;
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013
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18
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Mitra J, Hegde PM, Hegde ML. Loss of endosomal recycling factor RAB11 coupled with complex regulation of MAPK/ERK/AKT signaling in postmortem spinal cord specimens of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Mol Brain 2019; 12:55. [PMID: 31196199 PMCID: PMC6567394 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic abnormalities, perturbed endosomal recycling mediated by loss of the small GTPase RAB11, and neuroinflammatory signaling have been associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases including the motor neuron disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This is consistent with the neuroprotective effect of RAB11 overexpression as well as of anti-inflammatory compounds. However, most studies were in animal models, and this phenomenon has not been demonstrated in human patients. Moreover, crosstalk between endosomal trafficking and inflammatory signaling pathways in ALS remains enigmatic. Here, we investigated RAB11 expression and MAPK/ERK/AKT signaling in 10 post-mortem spinal cord specimens from patients with sporadic ALS and age-matched controls. All 10 ALS patients showed TDP-43 pathology, whereas two specimens showed an overlapping FUS pathology and one had an acquired Q331K mutation in TDP-43. There was consistent RAB11 downregulation in all ALS cases, while p-AKT and phospho-ribosomal S6 kinase (p-p90RSK) were upregulated. Furthermore, competition between AKT and ERK pathways was observed in ALS, suggesting subtle differences among the TDP-43-ALS subtypes, which may influence patient therapeutic responses. Our findings demonstrate a complex regulation/perturbation pattern of signaling cascades involving MAPK/AKT/RAB11 in spinal cord tissue from ALS patients. These results underscore the relationships between ALS pathology, altered neuronal trafficking, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Pavana M. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Weill Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
- Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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19
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Wu C, Watts ME, Rubin LL. MAP4K4 Activation Mediates Motor Neuron Degeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1143-1156.e5. [PMID: 30699345 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). To date, its underlying mechanisms have yet to be clarified completely, and there are no truly effective treatments. Here, we show that MAP4K4, a MAP kinase family member, regulates MN death, with its suppression not only promoting survival but preventing neurite degeneration and decreasing mutant SOD1 levels through autophagy activation. Moreover, we report that MAP4K4 signaling specifically modulates MN viability via phosphorylated JNK3 and activation of the canonical c-Jun apoptotic pathway. Finally, we show the feasibility of MAP4K4 as a drug target by using an available MAP4K4-specific inhibitor, which improves survival of ESC and/or iPSC-derived MNs and MNs cultured from mouse spinal cords. In summary, our studies highlight a MAP4K4-initiated signaling cascade that induces MN degeneration, shedding light on the mechanism underlying MN degeneration and providing a druggable target for ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michelle E Watts
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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20
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Herskovits AZ, Hunter TA, Maxwell N, Pereira K, Whittaker CA, Valdez G, Guarente LP. SIRT1 deacetylase in aging-induced neuromuscular degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12839. [PMID: 30295421 PMCID: PMC6260920 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is an NAD+ -dependent deacetylase that functions in a variety of cells and tissues to mitigate age-associated diseases. However, it remains unknown if SIRT1 also acts to prevent pathological changes that accrue in motor neurons during aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we show that SIRT1 expression decreases in the spinal cord of wild-type mice during normal aging. Using mouse models either overexpressing or lacking SIRT1 in motor neurons, we found that SIRT1 slows age-related degeneration of motor neurons' presynaptic sites at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Transcriptional analysis of spinal cord shows an overlap of greater than 90% when comparing alterations during normal aging with changes during ALS, revealing a substantial upregulation in immune and inflammatory response genes and a downregulation of synaptic transcripts. In addition, overexpressing SIRT1 in motor neurons delays progression to end-stage disease in high copy SOD1G93A mice. Thus, our findings suggest that there are parallels between ALS and aging, and interventions to impede aging may also slow the progression of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Z. Herskovits
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Tegan A. Hunter
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
- University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida
| | - Nicholas Maxwell
- Virginia Tech Carillion Research Institute Virginia TechRoanokeVirginia
| | - Katherine Pereira
- Virginia Tech Carillion Research Institute Virginia TechRoanokeVirginia
| | - Charles A. Whittaker
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Virginia Tech Carillion Research Institute Virginia TechRoanokeVirginia
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginia
| | - Leonard P. Guarente
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
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21
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Moller A, Bauer CS, Cohen RN, Webster CP, De Vos KJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutant SOD1 inhibits anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria by reducing Miro1 levels. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4668-4679. [PMID: 28973175 PMCID: PMC5886184 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective axonal transport is an early neuropathological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have previously shown that ALS-associated mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) impair axonal transport of mitochondria in motor neurons isolated from SOD1 G93A transgenic mice and in ALS mutant SOD1 transfected cortical neurons, but the underlying mechanisms remained unresolved. The outer mitochondrial membrane protein mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (Miro1) is a master regulator of mitochondrial axonal transport in response to cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels ([Ca2+]c) and mitochondrial damage. Ca2+ binding to Miro1 halts mitochondrial transport by modifying its interaction with kinesin-1 whereas mitochondrial damage induces Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN)-induced Putative Kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin-dependent degradation of Miro1 and consequently stops transport. To identify the mechanism underlying impaired axonal transport of mitochondria in mutant SOD1-related ALS we investigated [Ca2+]c and Miro1 levels in ALS mutant SOD1 expressing neurons. We found that expression of ALS mutant SOD1 reduced the level of endogenous Miro1 but did not affect [Ca2+]c. ALS mutant SOD1 induced reductions in Miro1 levels were Parkin dependent. Moreover, both overexpression of Miro1 and ablation of PINK1 rescued the mitochondrial axonal transport deficit in ALS mutant SOD1-expressing cortical and motor neurons. Together these results provide evidence that ALS mutant SOD1 inhibits axonal transport of mitochondria by inducing PINK1/Parkin-dependent Miro1 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin Moller
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Claudia S Bauer
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Rebecca N Cohen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Christopher P Webster
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Kurt J De Vos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
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22
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Sorce S, Stocker R, Seredenina T, Holmdahl R, Aguzzi A, Chio A, Depaulis A, Heitz F, Olofsson P, Olsson T, Duveau V, Sanoudou D, Skosgater S, Vlahou A, Wasquel D, Krause KH, Jaquet V. NADPH oxidases as drug targets and biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: What is the evidence? Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:387-396. [PMID: 28811143 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease are frequently characterized by microglia activation and/or leukocyte infiltration in the parenchyma of the central nervous system and at the molecular level by increased oxidative modifications of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. NADPH oxidases (NOX) emerged as a novel promising class of pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurodegeneration due to their role in oxidant generation and presumably in regulating microglia activation. The unique function of NOX is the generation of superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However in the context of neuroinflammation, they present paradoxical features since O2•-/H2O2 generated by NOX and/or secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from O2•-/H2O2 can either lead to neuronal oxidative damage or resolution of inflammation. The role of NOX enzymes has been investigated in many models of neurodegenerative diseases by using either genetic or pharmacological approaches. In the present review we provide a critical assessment of recent findings related to the role of NOX in the CNS as well as how the field has advanced over the last 5 years. In particular, we focus on the data derived from the work of a consortium (Neurinox) funded by the European Commission's Programme 7 (FP7). We discuss the evidence gathered from animal models and human samples linking NOX expression/activity with neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease as well as autoimmune demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). We address the possibility to use measurement of the activity of the NOX2 isoform in blood samples as biomarker of disease severity and treatment efficacy in neurodegenerative disease. Finally we clarify key controversial aspects in the field of NOX, such as NOX cellular expression in the brain, measurement of NOX activity, impact of genetic deletion of NOX in animal models of neurodegeneration and specificity of NOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sorce
- Neuropathology Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Seredenina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Neuropathology Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Chio
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Antoine Depaulis
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Inserm U1216 and Univ, Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Peter Olofsson
- Redoxis AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden; Pronoxis AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | | | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sara Skosgater
- Arttic, 58A rue du Dessous des Berges, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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23
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Abstract
The biochemical properties of erythrocyte or human red blood cell (RBC) membrane acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its applications on laboratory class and on research are reviewed. Evidence of the biochemical and the pathophysiological properties like the association between the RBC AChE enzyme activity and the clinical and biophysical parameters implicated in several diseases are overviewed, and the achievement of RBC AChE as a biomarker and as a prognostic factor are presented. Beyond its function as an enzyme, a special focus is highlighted in this review for a new function of the RBC AChE, namely a component of the signal transduction pathway of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Saldanha
- Instituto de Bioquímica, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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24
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Srinivasan E, Sethumadhavan R, Rajasekaran R. A theoretical study on Zn binding loop mutants instigating destabilization and metal binding loss in human SOD1 protein. J Mol Model 2017; 23:103. [PMID: 28271284 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein are a major cause of the devastating neurodegenerative disorder Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Evidence suggests that SOD1 functions as a free radical scavenger in humans. However, neither the mechanism nor a cure for this neurodegenerative disease are yet known. In the present study, we explored the effect of mutations on the mechanistic action on the Zn binding loop of SOD1 through discrete molecular dynamics. The results were analyzed in detail using statistical potential (BACH) to find the mutant structures having the least potential energy. Subsequently, we studied the impact of those mutations on metal ions bound in SOD1 using the program Check My Metal. Remarkably, our results recognized certain mutants, viz. His80Arg and Asp83Gly, that were more damaging to the Zn binding loop than all other mutants, leading to a loss of Zn binding with altered coordination of the Zn ion. Furthermore, the conformational stability, compactness, and secondary structural alteration of the His80Arg and Asp83Gly mutants were monitored using distinct parameters. Hence, at low computational expense, our study provides helpful insight into this emergent neurodegenerative disorder affecting mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Srinivasan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rao Sethumadhavan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Rajasekaran
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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Wang W, Duan W, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu Y, Li Z, Hu H, Cui H, Cui C, Lin H, Li C. Intrathecal Delivery of ssAAV9-DAO Extends Survival in SOD1 G93A ALS Mice. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:986-996. [PMID: 28025800 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset, irreversible neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive paralysis and inevitable death 3-5 years after diagnosis. The mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown, but new evidence indicates that accumulating levels of D-serine result from the downregulation of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) and that this is a novel mechanism that leads to motoneuronal death in ALS via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated cell toxicity. Here, we explored a new therapeutic approach to ALS by overexpressing DAO in the lumbar region of the mouse spinal cord using a single stranded adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (ssAAV9) vector. A single intrathecal injection of ssAAV9-DAO was made in SOD1G93A mice, a well-established mouse model of ALS. Treatment resulted in moderate expression of exogenous DAO in motorneurons in the lumbar spinal cord, reduced immunoreactivity of D-serine, alleviated motoneuronal loss and glial activation, and extended survival. The potential mechanisms underlying these effects were associated with the down-regulation of NF-κB and the restoration of the phosphorylation of Akt. In conclusion, administering ssAAV9-DAO may be an effective complementary approach to gene therapy to extend lifespans in symptomatic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisong Duan
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yakun Liu
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyao Li
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, West Heping Road 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Abstract
This review article focuses on the cognitive profile associated with the C9orf72 gene with GGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat expansions that is commonly found in both familial and sporadic forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in order to aid clinicians in the screening process. In this growing clinical continuum between FTD and ALS, understanding and recognizing a neurocognitive profile is important for diagnosis. Key features of this profile include executive dysfunction with memory impairment and language deficits as the disease progresses. Behaviorally, patients are prone to disinhibition, apathy, and psychosis. With the discovery of this mutation, studies have begun to characterize the different phenotypes associated with this mutation in terms of epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging, and pathology. Greater awareness and increased surveillance for this mutation will benefit patients and their families in terms of access to genetic counseling, research studies, and improved understanding of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali N Patel
- Division of Aging and Dementia, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH-19, Room 121, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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27
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Chen S, Zhang XJ, Li LX, Wang Y, Zhong RJ, Le W. Histone deacetylase 6 delays motor neuron degeneration by ameliorating the autophagic flux defect in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:459-68. [PMID: 26164555 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-015-1539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons. Abnormal protein aggregation and impaired protein degradation are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. Our previous studies showed that an autophagic flux defect is involved in motor neuron degeneration in the SOD1(G93A) mouse model of ALS. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class II deacetylase that promotes autophagy by inducing the fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes. In the present study, we showed that HDAC6 expression was decreased at the onset of disease and became extremely low at the late stage in ALS mice. Using lentivirus-HDAC6 gene injection, we found that HDAC6 overexpression prolonged the lifespan and delayed the motor neuron degeneration in ALS mice. Moreover, HDAC6 induced the formation of autolysosomes and accelerated the degradation of SOD1 protein aggregates in the motor neurons of ALS mice. Collectively, our results indicate that HDAC6 has neuroprotective effects in an animal model of ALS by improving the autophagic flux in motor neurons, and autophagosome-lysosome fusion might be a therapeutic target for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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28
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Crisp MJ, Mawuenyega KG, Patterson BW, Reddy NC, Chott R, Self WK, Weihl CC, Jockel-Balsarotti J, Varadhachary AS, Bucelli RC, Yarasheski KE, Bateman RJ, Miller TM. In vivo kinetic approach reveals slow SOD1 turnover in the CNS. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2772-80. [PMID: 26075819 DOI: 10.1172/jci80705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies that target disease-associated transcripts are being developed for a variety of neurodegenerative syndromes. Protein levels change as a function of their half-life, a property that critically influences the timing and application of therapeutics. In addition, both protein kinetics and concentration may play important roles in neurodegeneration; therefore, it is essential to understand in vivo protein kinetics, including half-life. Here, we applied a stable isotope-labeling technique in combination with mass spectrometric detection and determined the in vivo kinetics of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), mutation of which causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Application of this method to human SOD1-expressing rats demonstrated that SOD1 is a long-lived protein, with a similar half-life in both the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and the CNS. Additionally, in these animals, the half-life of SOD1 was longest in the CNS when compared with other tissues. Evaluation of this method in human subjects demonstrated successful incorporation of the isotope label in the CSF and confirmed that SOD1 is a long-lived protein in the CSF of healthy individuals. Together, the results of this study provide important insight into SOD1 kinetics and support application of this technique to the design and implementation of clinical trials that target long-lived CNS proteins.
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29
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Tan W, Pasinelli P, Trotti D. Role of mitochondria in mutant SOD1 linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1842:1295-301. [PMID: 24568860 PMCID: PMC4074562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with an adult onset characterized by loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. In ~10% of cases, patients developed ALS with an apparent genetic linkage (familial ALS or fALS). Approximately 20% of fALS displays mutations in the SOD1 gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1. There are many proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms among which, mitochondrial dysfunctions occur early, prior to symptoms occurrence. In this review, we modeled the effect of mutant SOD1 protein via the formation of a toxic complex with Bcl2 on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Furthermore, we discuss that the shutdown of ATP permeation through mitochondrial outer membrane could lead to both respiration inhibition and temporary mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Moreover, we reviewed mitochondrial calcium signaling, oxidative stress, fission and fusion, autophagy and apoptosis in mutant SOD1-linked ALS. Functional defects in mitochondria appear early before symptoms are manifested in ALS. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is a promising therapeutic target in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Tan
- Frances and Joseph Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, Farber Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Piera Pasinelli
- Frances and Joseph Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, Farber Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Davide Trotti
- Frances and Joseph Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, Farber Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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30
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Deitch JS, Alexander GM, Bensinger A, Yang S, Jiang JT, Heiman-Patterson TD. Phenotype of transgenic mice carrying a very low copy number of the mutant human G93A superoxide dismutase-1 gene associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99879. [PMID: 24945277 PMCID: PMC4063781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the motor neuron. While most cases of ALS are sporadic, 10% are familial (FALS) with 20% of FALS caused by a mutation in the gene that codes for the enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). There is variability in sporadic ALS as well as FALS where even within the same family some siblings with the same mutation do not manifest disease. A transgenic (Tg) mouse model of FALS containing 25 copies of the mutant human SOD1 gene demonstrates motor neuron pathology and progressive weakness similar to ALS patients, leading to death at approximately 130 days. The onset of symptoms and survival of these transgenic mice are directly related to the number of copies of the mutant gene. We report the phenotype of a very low expressing (VLE) G93A SOD1 Tg carrying only 4 copies of the mutant G93ASOD1 gene. While weakness can start at 9 months, only 74% of mice 18 months or older demonstrate disease. The VLE mice show decreased motor neurons compared to wild-type mice as well as increased cytoplasmic translocation of TDP-43. In contrast to the standard G93A SOD1 Tg mouse which always develops motor weakness leading to death, not all VLE animals manifested clinical disease or shortened life span. In fact, approximately 20% of mice older than 24 months had no motor symptoms and only 18% of VLE mice older than 22 months reached end stage. Given the variable penetrance of clinical phenotype, prolonged survival, and protracted loss of motor neurons the VLE mouse provides a new tool that closely mimics human ALS. This tool will allow the study of pathologic events over time as well as the study of genetic and environmental modifiers that may not be causative, but can exacerbate or accelerate motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Deitch
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Guillermo M. Alexander
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew Bensinger
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven Yang
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Juliann T. Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Terry D. Heiman-Patterson
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Ming LJ, Valentine JS. Insights into SOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from NMR studies of Ni(2+)- and other metal-ion-substituted wild-type copper-zinc superoxide dismutases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:647-57. [PMID: 24692094 PMCID: PMC4109160 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dimeric Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a particularly interesting system for biological inorganic chemical studies because substitutions of the native Cu and/or Zn ions by a nonnative metal ion cause minimal structural changes and result in high enzymatic activity for those derivatives with Cu remaining in the Cu site. The pioneering NMR studies of the magnetically coupled derivative Cu2Co2SOD1 by Ivano Bertini and coworkers are of particular importance in this regard. In addition to Co(2+), Ni(2+) is a versatile metal ion for substitution into SOD1, showing very little disturbance of the structure in Cu2Ni2SOD1 and acting as a very good mimic of the native Cu ion in Ni2Zn2SOD1. The NMR studies presented here were inspired by and are indebted to Ivano Bertini's paramagnetic NMR pursuits of metalloproteins. We report Ni(2+) binding to apo wild-type SOD1 and a time-dependent Ni(2+) migration from the Zn site to the Cu site, and the preparation and characterization of Ni2Ni2SOD1, which shows coordination properties similar to those of Cu2Cu2SOD1, namely, an anion-binding property different from that of the wild type and a possibly broken bridging His. Mutations in the human SOD1 gene can cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and mutant SOD1 proteins with significantly altered metal-binding behaviors are implicated in causing the disease. We conclude by discussing the effects of the ALS mutations on the remarkable stabilities and metal-binding properties of wild-type SOD1 proteins and the implications concerning the causes of SOD1-linked ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-June Ming
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620-5250, USA
| | - Joan Selverstone Valentine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, 120-750, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Perera ND, Sheean RK, Scott JW, Kemp BE, Horne MK, Turner BJ. Mutant TDP-43 deregulates AMPK activation by PP2A in ALS models. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90449. [PMID: 24595038 PMCID: PMC3942426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetic abnormalities and metabolic dysfunction occur in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and genetic mouse models. However, whether metabolic dysfunction occurs early in ALS pathophysiology linked to different ALS genes remains unclear. Here, we investigated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which is a key enzyme induced by energy depletion and metabolic stress, in neuronal cells and mouse models expressing mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) or TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) linked to ALS. AMPK phosphorylation was sharply increased in spinal cords of transgenic SOD1G93A mice at disease onset and accumulated in cytoplasmic granules in motor neurons, but not in pre-symptomatic mice. AMPK phosphorylation also occurred in peripheral tissues, liver and kidney, in SOD1G93A mice at disease onset, demonstrating that AMPK activation occurs late and is not restricted to motor neurons. Conversely, AMPK activity was drastically diminished in spinal cords and brains of presymptomatic and symptomatic transgenic TDP-43A315T mice and motor neuronal cells expressing different TDP-43 mutants. We show that mutant TDP-43 induction of the AMPK phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is associated with AMPK inactivation in these ALS models. Furthermore, PP2A inhibition by okadaic acid reversed AMPK inactivation by mutant TDP-43 in neuronal cells. Our results suggest that mutant SOD1 and TDP-43 exert contrasting effects on AMPK activation which may reflect key differences in energy metabolism and neurodegeneration in spinal cords of SOD1G93A and TDP-43A315T mice. While AMPK activation in motor neurons correlates with progression in mutant SOD1-mediated disease, AMPK inactivation mediated by PP2A is associated with mutant TDP-43-linked ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirma D. Perera
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca K. Sheean
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W. Scott
- St Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruce E. Kemp
- St Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm K. Horne
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradley J. Turner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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33
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Kong Q, Chang LC, Takahashi K, Liu Q, Schulte DA, Lai L, Ibabao B, Lin Y, Stouffer N, Das Mukhopadhyay C, Xing X, Seyb KI, Cuny GD, Glicksman MA, Lin CLG. Small-molecule activator of glutamate transporter EAAT2 translation provides neuroprotection. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1255-67. [PMID: 24569372 DOI: 10.1172/jci66163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 plays a major role in glutamate clearance in synaptic clefts. Several lines of evidence indicate that strategies designed to increase EAAT2 expression have potential for preventing excitotoxicity, which contributes to neuronal injury and death in neurodegenerative diseases. We previously discovered several classes of compounds that can increase EAAT2 expression through translational activation. Here, we present efficacy studies of the compound LDN/OSU-0212320, which is a pyridazine derivative from one of our lead series. In a murine model, LDN/OSU-0212320 had good potency, adequate pharmacokinetic properties, no observed toxicity at the doses examined, and low side effect/toxicity potential. Additionally, LDN/OSU-0212320 protected cultured neurons from glutamate-mediated excitotoxic injury and death via EAAT2 activation. Importantly, LDN/OSU-0212320 markedly delayed motor function decline and extended lifespan in an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We also found that LDN/OSU-0212320 substantially reduced mortality, neuronal death, and spontaneous recurrent seizures in a pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy model. Moreover, our study demonstrated that LDN/OSU-0212320 treatment results in activation of PKC and subsequent Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) activation, which regulates activation of EAAT2 translation. Our data indicate that the use of small molecules to enhance EAAT2 translation may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Cereda C, Leoni E, Milani P, Pansarasa O, Mazzini G, Guareschi S, Alvisi E, Ghiroldi A, Diamanti L, Bernuzzi S, Ceroni M, Cova E. Altered intracellular localization of SOD1 in leukocytes from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75916. [PMID: 24155874 PMCID: PMC3796534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis of a toxic role played by wild type SOD1 (WT-SOD1) in the pathogenesis of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS). In this study we investigated both distribution and expression profile of WT-SOD1 in leukocytes from 19 SALS patients and 17 healthy individuals. Immunofluorescence experiments by confocal microscopy showed that SOD1 accumulates in the nuclear compartment in a group of SALS subjects. These results were also confirmed by western blot carried out on soluble nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, with increased nuclear SOD1 level (p<0.05). In addition, we observed the presence of cytoplasmic SOD1 aggregates in agreement with an increased amount of the protein recovered by the insoluble fraction. A further confirmation of the overall increased level of SOD1 has been obtained from single cells analysis using flow cytometry as cells from SALS patients showed an higher SOD1 protein content (p<0.05). These findings add further evidence to the hypothesis of an altered WT-SOD1 expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with ALS suggesting that WT-SOD1 species with different degrees of solubility could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cereda
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Leoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Pamela Milani
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Mazzini
- IGM-CNR, Histochemistry and Cytometry, Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Guareschi
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Alvisi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Division of General Neurology, “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Diamanti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Division of General Neurology, “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bernuzzi
- Immunohematological and Transfusional Service and Centre of Transplantation Immunology, IRCCS Foundation “San Matteo”, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Division of General Neurology, “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Cova
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, “C. Mondino” National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
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35
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Zhou F, Guan Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Yu L, Gao H, Du H, Liu B, Wang X. miRNA-9 expression is upregulated in the spinal cord of G93A-SOD1 transgenic mice. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:1826-1838. [PMID: 24040447 PMCID: PMC3759489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear. Accumulating evidence indicates that various miRNAs expressed in a spatially and temporally controlled manner in the nervous system have an important function in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to determine the expression and cellular distribution of miRNA-9 in the spinal cord of G93A-SOD1 mutant mice at different time points (post-natal 95, 108 and 122 d). miRNA expression was evaluated by microarray analysis; differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. The cellular distribution of miRNA-9 was analyzed by in-situ hybridization. Microarray results indicated for the first time that various miRNAs were differentially expressed between the G93A-SOD1 mutant mice and the littermate control mice. miRNA-9 expression was upregulated at 95, 108, and 122 d as validated by microarray analysis, RT-qPCR, and ISH. ISH results also showed that the miRNA-9-positive cells mainly expressed in the cytoplasm were located in the dorsal horn and the ventral horn of the spinal cord. The majority of miRNA-9-positive cells were located in the ventral horn of the gray matter, the locus of neurodegeneration. These results indicated that the differential expression of miRNA-9 may have an important function in the pathogenesis of G93A-SOD1 transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Guan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Du
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare neurological disease characterized by accumulation of cholesterol and cholestanol in brain and tendons caused by a mutation in the sterol 27-hydroxylase gene (CYP27A1). The mechanism behind the accumulation of cholestanol in the brain was recently clarified and a role of 27-hydroxycholesterol as a regulator of brain cholesterol homeostasis has been established. RECENT FINDINGS There is a significant flux of the bile acid precursor 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one across the blood-brain barrier in cy27-/- mice with its subsequent conversion into cholestanol. CTX patients with white matter lesions and vacuolation are described. CYP27A1 was identified as a candidate gene for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). SUMMARY The mechanism behind accumulation of cholestanol in brain and tendons of patients with CTX has been clarified but it is not known why this accumulation is associated with parallel accumulation of cholesterol and formation of xanthomas. Further studies are needed to understand why some patients with CTX develop white matter lesions in the brain. In view of the fact that CTX can present with upper motor neuronal signs it is interesting that CYP27 has been shown to be a candidate gene for sporadic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingemar Björkhem
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Broering TJ, Wang H, Boatright NK, Wang Y, Baptista K, Shayan G, Garrity KA, Kayatekin C, Bosco DA, Matthews CR, Ambrosino DM, Xu Z, Babcock GJ. Identification of human monoclonal antibodies specific for human SOD1 recognizing distinct epitopes and forms of SOD1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61210. [PMID: 23613814 PMCID: PMC3629177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding human SOD1 (hSOD1) can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) yet the mechanism by which mutant SOD1 can induce ALS is not fully understood. There is currently no cure for ALS or treatment that significantly reduces symptoms or progression. To develop tools to understand the protein conformations present in mutant SOD1-induced ALS and as possible immunotherapy, we isolated and characterized eleven unique human monoclonal antibodies specific for hSOD1. Among these, five recognized distinct linear epitopes on hSOD1 that were not available in the properly-folded protein but were available on forms of protein with some degree of misfolding. The other six antibodies recognized conformation-dependent epitopes that were present in the properly-folded protein with two different recognition profiles: three could bind hSOD1 dimer or monomer and the other three were specific for hSOD1 dimer only. Antibodies with the capacity to bind hSOD1 monomer were able to prevent increased hydrophobicity when mutant hSOD1 was exposed to increased temperature and EDTA, suggesting that the antibodies stabilized the native structure of hSOD1. Two antibodies were tested in a G93A mutant hSOD1 transgenic mouse model of ALS but did not yield a statistically significant increase in overall survival. It may be that the two antibodies selected for testing in the mouse model were not effective for therapy or that the model and/or route of administration were not optimal to produce a therapeutic effect. Therefore, additional testing will be required to determine therapeutic potential for SOD1 mutant ALS and potentially some subset of sporadic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J Broering
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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38
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and chronic neurodegenerative disease without any known cure. In the brain and spinal cord of both patients and animal models with ALS, neuroinflammation is a prominent pathological hallmark which is characterized by infiltrating T cells at sites of motor neuron injury. Their presence in mutant Cu(2+)/Zn(2+) superoxide dismutase (mSOD1) induced ALS plays an important role in shifting the response of microglia from neuroprotective to neurotoxic. In order to better understand how these cells and their communication network collectively modulate the disease progression, we have established a mathematical model integrating diverse cells and cytokines. According to the experimental data sets, we first refined this model by identifying a link between TGFβ and M1 microglia which can produce an optimized model to fit data sets better. Then based on this model, parameters were estimated using genetic algorithm. Sensitivity analysis of these parameters identified several factors such as the release rate of IFNγ by T helper 1 (Th1) cells, which may be related to the heterogeneity between the patients with different survival times. Furthermore, the tests on T cell based therapeutic strategies indicated that elimination of Th1 cells is the most effective approach extending survival time. This confirmed the dominant role of Th1 cells in leading the rapid disorder in the later stage of ALS. For the therapies targeting cytokines, injection of IL6 can essentially augment the neuroprotective response and extend the life effectively by elevating the level of IL4, a neuroprotective cytokine, while directly injected IL4 will decay rapidly in the ALS microenvironment and cannot provide a persistent protective effect. On the other hand, in spite of the attractive effect of direct elimination of mSOD1 or self-antigen, it is difficult to implement in CNS. As an alternative, elimination of IFNγ can be chosen as another effective therapy. In the future, if we combine the side effects of different therapies, this model can be used to optimize the therapeutic strategies so that they can effectively improve survival rates and quality of life for patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Shao
- 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, USA
- 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei, China
| | - Ying He
- 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei, China
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Borges-Alvarez M, Benavente F, Vilaseca M, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Characterization of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) by electrospray ionization-ion mobility mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2013; 48:60-67. [PMID: 23303748 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report nano-electrospray ionization-ion mobility mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-IM-MS) characterization of bovine superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and human SOD-1 purified from erythrocytes. SOD-1 aggregates are characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease in humans that could be triggered by dissociation of the native dimeric enzyme (Cu(2),Zn(2)-dimer SOD-1). In contrast to ESI-MS, nano-ESI-IM-MS allowed an extra dimension for ion separation, yielding three-way mass spectra (drift time, mass-to-charge ratio and intensity). Drift time provided valuable structural information related to ion size, which proved useful to differentiate between the dimeric and monomeric forms of SOD-1 under non denaturing conditions. In order to obtain detailed structural information, including the most relevant post-translational modifications, we evaluated several parameters of the IM method, such as sample composition (10 mM ammonium acetate, pH 7) and activation voltages (trap collision energy and cone voltage). Neutral pH and a careful selection of the most appropriate activation voltages were necessary to minimize dimer dissociation, although human enzyme resulted less prone to dissociation. Under optimum conditions, a comparison between monomer-to-dimer abundance ratios of two small sets of blood samples from healthy control and ALS patients demonstrated the presence of a higher relative abundance of Cu,Zn-monomer SOD-1 in patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Borges-Alvarez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Li J, Staats WL, Spieker A, Sung M, Rutkove SB. A technique for performing electrical impedance myography in the mouse hind limb: data in normal and ALS SOD1 G93A animals. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45004. [PMID: 23028733 PMCID: PMC3460964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To test a method for performing electrical impedance myography (EIM) in the mouse hind limb for the assessment of disease status in neuromuscular disease models. Methods An impedance measuring device consisting of a frame with electrodes embedded within an acrylic head was developed. The head was rotatable such that data longitudinal and transverse to the major muscle fiber direction could be obtained. EIM measurements were made with this device on 16 healthy mice and 14 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) animals. Repeatability was assessed in both groups. Results The technique was easy to perform and provided good repeatability in both healthy and ALS animals, with intra-session repeatability (mean ± SEM) of 5% ±1% and 12% ±2%, respectively. Significant differences between healthy and ALS animals were also identified (e.g., longitudinal mean 50 kHz phase was 18±0.6° for the healthy animals and 14±1.0° for the ALS animals, p = 0.0025). Conclusions With this simple device, the EIM data obtained is highly repeatable and can differentiate healthy from ALS animals. Significance EIM can now be applied to mouse models of neuromuscular disease to assess disease status and the effects of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- The Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wayne L. Staats
- The Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew Spieker
- The Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Minhee Sung
- The Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Seward B. Rutkove
- The Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Kassa R, Monterroso V, Wentzell J, Ramos A, Couchi E, Lecomte MC, Iordanov M, Kretzschmar D, Nicolas G, Tshala-Katumbay D. Proximal giant neurofilamentous axonopathy in mice genetically engineered to resist calpain and caspase cleavage of α-II spectrin. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 47:631-8. [PMID: 22212489 PMCID: PMC3360998 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We use 1,2-diacetylbenzene (1,2-DAB) to probe molecular mechanisms of proximal giant neurofilamentous axonopathy (PGNA), a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The spinal cord proteome of rodents displaying 1,2-DAB PGNA suggests a reduction in the abundance of α-II spectrin (Spna2), a key protein in the maintenance of axonal integrity. Protein immunoblotting indicates that this reduction is due to Spna2 degradation. We investigated the importance of such degradation in 1,2-DAB PGNA. Spna2 mutant mice lacking a calpain- and/or caspase-sensitive domain (CSD), thus hypothetically resistant to 1,2-DAB, and wild-type littermates, were treated with 1,2-DAB, 35 mg/kg/day, or saline control, for 3 weeks. 1,2-DAB induced motor weakness and PGNA, irrespective of the genotype. Spna2-calpain breakdown products were not detected in mutant mice, which displayed a normal structure of the nervous system under saline treatment. Intriguingly, treatment with 1,2-DAB reduced the abundance of the caspase-specific 120-kDa Spna2 breakdown products. Our findings indicate that degradation of Spna2 by calpain- and/or caspase is not central to the pathogenesis of 1,2-DAB axonopathy. In addition, the Spna2-CSD seems to be not required for the maintenance of the cytoskeleton integrity. Our conceptual framework offers opportunities to study the role of calpain-caspase cross talk, including that of the protease degradomics, in models of axonal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kassa
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - V. Monterroso
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - J. Wentzell
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - A.L. Ramos
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - E. Couchi
- UFR de Médecine site Bichat, Institut Claude Bernard, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, France
| | - MC Lecomte
- INSERM, U665, Paris; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, F-75015; Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, France
| | - M Iordanov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - D. Kretzschmar
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - G. Nicolas
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104) & INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - D. Tshala-Katumbay
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
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Manzano R, Toivonen JM, Calvo AC, Oliván S, Zaragoza P, Muñoz MJ, Montarras D, Osta R. Quantity and activation of myofiber-associated satellite cells in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:279-87. [PMID: 21537993 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Manzano
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
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43
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Wojda I. [MAP kinase pathways--their evolution and role in some neurodegenerative diseases]. Postepy Biochem 2012; 58:79-90. [PMID: 23214132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The scientific literature is rich in reports concerning the participation of MAP kinases in various aspects of the physiology of different organisms. There are, however few papers devoted to the evolution of these pathways. This paper offers a survey of the scientific literature describing how MAP kinase pathways have evolved. Why is the cascade of protein phosphorylation on serine, threonine and tyrosine residues more advantageous in Eucaryota than the two-component regulatory system, based on the phosphorylation of histidine and aspartic acid, which predominates in bacteria? How were these pathways formed and evolved? Finally, how important role do they play in the physiology of human organism? Disturbances in the proper functioning of the MAP kinase pathways lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and the emergence of various diseases including cancer. Because the average life span has lenghtened we hear more and more often about neurodegenerative diseases that lead to dementia or paralysis. Disturbances in the proper functioning of the MAP kinase pathways in neurodegenerative diseases have also been reported recently. Therefore, in this paper I present the current state of research on the dysfunction of these pathways in three diseases: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wojda
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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44
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Fontanilla CV, Wei X, Zhao L, Johnstone B, Pascuzzi RM, Farlow MR, Du Y. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester extends survival of a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroscience 2011; 205:185-93. [PMID: 22206942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is currently very limited effective pharmacological treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recent evidence suggests that caffeic acid phenethyl ester has strong anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-neuronal death properties; thus, the present study tested the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in mice expressing a mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD1(G93A)) linked to human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Administration of caffeic acid phenethyl ester after symptom onset significantly increased the post-onset survival and lifespan of SOD1(G93A) mice. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis detected less activation of microglia and astrocytes and higher motor neuron counts at an early symptomatic stage (7 days following onset) in the spinal cords of SOD1(G93A) mice given caffeic acid phenethyl ester treatment. Additionally, lower levels of phosphorylated p38, a mitogen-activated protein kinase that is involved in both inflammation and neuronal death, were observed in the spinal cords of SOD1(G93A) mice treated with caffeic acid phenethyl ester for 7 days. These results indicate that caffeic acid phenethyl ester may represent a novel and effective therapeutic for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and these significant neuroprotective effects observed in a commonly used amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model validate the therapeutic potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester for slowing disease progression by attenuating the neuroinflammation and motor neuron cell death associated with clinical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Fontanilla
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB 457A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Sack GH. Introduction to the minireviews series on mitochondrial matters in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Lou Gehrig’s disease. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:565-7. [PMID: 22160849 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Mead RJ, Bennett EJ, Kennerley AJ, Sharp P, Sunyach C, Kasher P, Berwick J, Pettmann B, Battaglia G, Azzouz M, Grierson A, Shaw PJ. Optimised and rapid pre-clinical screening in the SOD1(G93A) transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). PLoS One 2011; 6:e23244. [PMID: 21876739 PMCID: PMC3158065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human SOD1G93A transgenic mouse has been used extensively since its development in 1994 as a model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In that time, a great many insights into the toxicity of mutant SOD1 have been gained using this and other mutant SOD transgenic mouse models. They all demonstrate a selective toxicity towards motor neurons and in some cases features of the pathology seen in the human disease. These models have two major drawbacks. Firstly the generation of robust preclinical data in these models has been highlighted as an area for concern. Secondly, the amount of time required for a single preclinical experiment in these models (3–4 months) is a hurdle to the development of new therapies. We have developed an inbred C57BL/6 mouse line from the original mixed background (SJLxC57BL/6) SOD1G93A transgenic line and show here that the disease course is remarkably consistent and much less prone to background noise, enabling reduced numbers of mice for testing of therapeutics. Secondly we have identified very early readouts showing a large decline in motor function compared to normal mice. This loss of motor function has allowed us to develop an early, sensitive and rapid screening protocol for the initial phases of denervation of muscle fibers, observed in this model. We describe multiple, quantitative readouts of motor function that can be used to interrogate this early mechanism. Such an approach will increase throughput for reduced costs, whilst reducing the severity of the experimental procedures involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen J. Bennett
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Aneurin J. Kennerley
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sharp
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Sunyach
- Inserm-Avenir Team, Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology, Inmed, Marseille, France
- Faculté des Sciences, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Kasher
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Berwick
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Pettmann
- Inserm-Avenir Team, Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology, Inmed, Marseille, France
- Faculté des Sciences, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Guiseppe Battaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Grierson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Androutsopoulos VP, Kanavouras K, Tsatsakis AM. Role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in organophosphate metabolism: implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:418-24. [PMID: 21864557 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides are a class of compounds that are widely used in agricultural and rural areas. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a phase-I enzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis of organophosphate esters. Environmental poisoning by organophosphate compounds has been the main driving force of previous research on PON1 enzymes. Recent discoveries in animal models have revealed the important role of the enzyme in lipid metabolism. However although PON1 function is well established in experimental models, the contribution of PON1 in neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. In this minireview we summarize the involvement of PON1 genotypes in the occurrence of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A brief overview of latest epidemiological studies, regarding the two most important PON1 coding region polymorphisms PON1-L55M and PON1-Q192R is presented. Positive and negative associations of PON1 with disease occurrence are reported. Notably the MM and RR alleles contribute a risk enhancing effect for the development of some neurodegenerative diseases, which may be explained by the reduced lipoprotein free radical scavenging activity that may give rise to neuronal damage, through distinct mechanism. Conflicting findings that fail to support this postulate may represent the human population ethnic heterogeneity, different sample size and environmental parameters affecting PON1 status. We conclude that further epidemiological studies are required in order to address the exact contribution of PON1 genome in combination with organophosphate exposure in populations with neurodegenerative diseases.
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48
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Pesaresi MG, Amori I, Giorgi C, Ferri A, Fiorenzo P, Gabanella F, Salvatore AM, Giorgio M, Pelicci PG, Pinton P, Carrì MT, Cozzolino M. Mitochondrial redox signalling by p66Shc mediates ALS-like disease through Rac1 inactivation. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4196-208. [PMID: 21828072 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage are among the mechanisms whereby mutant SOD1 (mutSOD1) associated with familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) induces motoneuronal death. The 66 kDa isoform of the growth factor adapter Shc (p66Shc) is known to be central in the control of mitochondria-dependent oxidative balance. Here we report that expression of mutSOD1s induces the activation of p66Shc in neuronal cells and that the overexpression of inactive p66Shc mutants protects cells from mutSOD1-induced mitochondrial damage. Most importantly, deletion of p66Shc ameliorates mitochondrial function, delays onset, improves motor performance and prolongs survival in transgenic mice modelling ALS. We also show that p66Shc activation by mutSOD1 causes a strong decrease in the activity of the small GTPase Rac1 through a redox-sensitive regulation. Our results provide new insight into the potential mechanisms of mutSOD1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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49
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Finkelstein A, Kunis G, Seksenyan A, Ronen A, Berkutzki T, Azoulay D, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Schwartz M. Abnormal changes in NKT cells, the IGF-1 axis, and liver pathology in an animal model of ALS. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22374. [PMID: 21829620 PMCID: PMC3149057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective death of motor neurons (MN) in the spinal cord, and is associated with local neuroinflammation. Circulating CD4+ T cells are required for controlling the local detrimental inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, and for supporting neuronal survival, including that of MN. T-cell deficiency increases neuronal loss, while boosting T cell levels reduces it. Here, we show that in the mutant superoxide dismutase 1 G93A (mSOD1) mouse model of ALS, the levels of natural killer T (NKT) cells increased dramatically, and T-cell distribution was altered both in lymphoid organs and in the spinal cord relative to wild-type mice. The most significant elevation of NKT cells was observed in the liver, concomitant with organ atrophy. Hepatic expression levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 decreased, while the expression of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 was augmented by more than 20-fold in mSOD1 mice relative to wild-type animals. Moreover, hepatic lymphocytes of pre-symptomatic mSOD1 mice were found to secrete significantly higher levels of cytokines when stimulated with an NKT ligand, ex-vivo. Immunomodulation of NKT cells using an analogue of α-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer), in a specific regimen, diminished the number of these cells in the periphery, and induced recruitment of T cells into the affected spinal cord, leading to a modest but significant prolongation of life span of mSOD1 mice. These results identify NKT cells as potential players in ALS, and the liver as an additional site of major pathology in this disease, thereby emphasizing that ALS is not only a non-cell autonomous, but a non-tissue autonomous disease, as well. Moreover, the results suggest potential new therapeutic targets such as the liver for immunomodulatory intervention for modifying the disease, in addition to MN-based neuroprotection and systemic treatments aimed at reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseny Finkelstein
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Kunis
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Akop Seksenyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ayal Ronen
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamara Berkutzki
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Azoulay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Wang LL, Spieker AJ, Li J, Rutkove SB. Electrical impedance myography for monitoring motor neuron loss in the SOD1 G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rat. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:2505-11. [PMID: 21612980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human studies have shown that electrical impedance myography (EIM), a technique based on the surface application of high-frequency, low-intensity electrical current to localized areas of muscle, is sensitive to muscle denervation. In this study, we examined the role of EIM as a potential biomarker for assessing ALS disease progression in the SOD1 transgenic rat by comparing it to motor unit number estimation (MUNE). METHODS Multi-frequency EIM and MUNE were performed twice weekly in 16 rats from approximately 10 weeks of age onward. Four different EIM measures were evaluated, including the previously studied 50 kHz phase and three condensed multi-frequency parameters. RESULTS The rate of deterioration in the multi-frequency phase data from 100-500 kHz had the strongest correlation to survival (ρ=0.79, p<0.001), surpassing that of MUNE (ρ=0.57, p=0.020). These two measures were also strongly correlated (ρ=-0.94, p<0.001) to one another. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that EIM is an effective tool for assessing disease progression in the ALS rat. SIGNIFICANCE Given its ease of application and ability to assess virtually any superficial muscle, EIM deserves further study as a biomarker in human ALS clinical therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Lu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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