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Wheeler S, Bhardwaj M, Kenyon V, Ferraz MJ, Aerts JMFG, Sillence DJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction in NPC1-deficiency is not rescued by drugs targeting the glucosylceramidase GBA2 and the cholesterol-binding proteins TSPO and StARD1. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:477-484. [PMID: 38302739 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder most commonly caused by mutations in the lysosomal protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), which is implicated in cholesterol export. Mitochondrial insufficiency forms a significant feature of the pathology of this disease, yet studies attempting to address this are rare. The working hypothesis is that mitochondria become overloaded with cholesterol which renders them dysfunctional. We examined two potential protein targets-translocator protein (TSPO) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein D1 (StARD1)-which are implicated in cholesterol transport to mitochondria, in addition to glucocerbrosidase 2 (GBA2), the target of miglustat, which is currently the only approved treatment for NPCD. However, inhibiting these proteins did not correct the mitochondrial defect in NPC1-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wheeler
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Maria J Ferraz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dan J Sillence
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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2
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Jiang B, Qiu M, Qin L, Tang J, Zhan S, Lin Q, Wei J, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Liang X, Cao J, Lian J, Mai Y, Jiang Y, Yu H. Associations between genetic variants in sphingolipid metabolism pathway genes and hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma survival. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1252158. [PMID: 38260847 PMCID: PMC10801735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1252158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the sphingolipid metabolism pathway is known to play a significant role in tumor progression, there have been few studies on how genetic variants in the sphingolipid metabolism pathway genes affect the survival of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We utilized available genotyping data to conduct multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis, examining the associations of 12,188 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 86 sphingolipid metabolism pathway genes on the survival of 866 HBV-HCC patients, and the model was also used in additive interaction analysis. We used bioinformatics functional prediction and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis to explore the potential functions of SNPs and to evaluate the association of SNPs with the corresponding mRNA expression, respectively. We also used the online database TIMER2.0 (http://timer.comp-genomics.org/) to analyze the relationship between the corresponding mRNA expression levels and immune cell infiltration. Results Our study found that GBA2 rs1570247 G>A was significantly associated with elevated survival of HBV-HCC patients [(hazards ratio (HR)=0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.64-0.86, P<0.001)]. And on an additive scale, a synergistic effect was observed between the GG genotype of rs1570247 and advanced BCLC stage. Among HBV-HCC patients with advanced BCLC stage, those carrying the GBA2 rs1570247 GG genotype exhibited a significantly elevated risk of mortality (HR=3.32, 95%CI=2.45-4.50). Further functional prediction and eQTL analysis revealed that rs1570247 were located in the 5' untranslated region of the GBA2, the A allele of SNP rs1570247 was associated with higher mRNA expression levels of GBA2 in normal liver tissues (P=0.009). Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between GBA2 mRNA expression and the infiltration level of B lymphocytes cell (R=0.331, P<0.001), while a negative correlation was noted between GBA2 mRNA expression and the infiltration level of macrophage M2 in HCC (R=-0.383, P<0.001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that GBA2 rs1570247 G>A in sphingolipid metabolism pathway may be a key factor for survival of HBV-HCC patients by regulating the expression of corresponding genes and affecting the infiltration level of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Jiang
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Moqin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Liming Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingmei Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shicheng Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuling Lin
- Department of Clinical Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Junjie Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiumei Liang
- Department of Disease Process Management, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jiawei Lian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuejiao Mai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanji Jiang
- Department of Scientific Research Dept, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hongping Yu
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission, Key Cultivated Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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3
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Meelua W, Thinkumrob N, Saparpakorn P, Pengthaisong S, Hannongbua S, Ketudat Cairns JR, Jitonnom J. Structural basis for inhibition of a GH116 β-glucosidase and its missense mutants by GBA2 inhibitors: Crystallographic and quantum chemical study. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110717. [PMID: 37726065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum in glycoside hydrolase family 116 (TxGH116) β-glucosidase provides a structural model for human GBA2 glucosylceramidase, an enzyme defective in hereditary spastic paraplegia and a potential therapeutic target for treating Gaucher disease. To assess the therapeutic potential of known inhibitors, the X-ray structure of TxGH116 in complex with isofagomine (IFG) was determined at 2.0 Å resolution and showed the IFG bound in a relaxed chair conformation. The binding of IFG and 7 other iminosugar inhibitors to wild-type and mutant enzymes (Asp508His and Arg786His) mimicking GBA2 pathogenic variants was then evaluated computationally by two-layered ONIOM calculations (at the B3LYP:PM7 level). Calculations showed that six charged residues, Glu441, Asp452, His507, Asp593, Glu777, and Arg786 influence inhibitor binding most. His507, Glu777 and Arg786, form strong hydrogen bonds with the inhibitors (∼1.4-1.6 Å). Thus, the missense mutation of one of these residues in Arg786His has a greater effect on the interaction energies for all inhibitors compared to Asp508His. In line with the experimental data for the inhibitors that have been tested, the favorable interaction energy between the inhibitors and the TxGH116 protein followed the trend: isofagomine > 1-deoxynojirimycin > glucoimidazole > N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin ≈ N-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin > conduritol B epoxide ≈ azepane 1 > azepane 2. The obtained structural and energetic properties and comparison to the GBA2 model can lead to understanding of structural requirement for inhibitor binding in GH116 to aid the design of high potency GBA2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijitra Meelua
- Demonstration School, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand; Unit of Excellence in Computational Molecular Science and Catalysis, and Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Natechanok Thinkumrob
- Unit of Excellence in Computational Molecular Science and Catalysis, and Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | | | - Salila Pengthaisong
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, and School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Supa Hannongbua
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, and School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
| | - Jitrayut Jitonnom
- Unit of Excellence in Computational Molecular Science and Catalysis, and Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
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4
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Gatti M, Magri S, Di Bella D, Sarto E, Taroni F, Mariotti C, Nanetti L. Spastic paraplegia type 46: novel and recurrent GBA2 gene variants in a compound heterozygous Italian patient with spastic ataxia phenotype. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4741-4745. [PMID: 34251556 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spastic paraplegia type 46 (SPG46) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia, caused by mutations in the non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase β2 (GBA2) gene. Worldwide, approximately twenty SPG46 families have been identified so far. CASE REPORT We describe a compound heterozygous Italian patient carrying a novel (p.Arg879Gln) and a recurrent (p.Arg399 *) GBA2 gene variant. The patient presented unsteady gait at age 2, and progressively manifested spastic-ataxia, scoliosis, mild intellectual decline, and bilateral cataract. DISCUSSION Clinical manifestations associated with GBA2 gene variants encompass a spectrum of overlapping phenotypes including cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraplegia, and Marinesco-Sjogren-like syndrome. We review previously reported cases of SPG46 and discuss possible genetic differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gatti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Bella
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sarto
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria, 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Nakanishi E, Uemura N, Akiyama H, Kinoshita M, Masanori S, Taruno Y, Yamakado H, Matsuzawa SI, Takeda S, Hirabayashi Y, Takahashi R. Impact of Gba2 on neuronopathic Gaucher's disease and α-synuclein accumulation in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Mol Brain 2021; 14:80. [PMID: 33971917 PMCID: PMC8111776 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous mutations in the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase gene, GBA1, cause Gaucher’s disease (GD), while heterozygous mutations in GBA1 are a strong risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), whose pathological hallmark is intraneuronal α-synuclein (asyn) aggregates. We previously reported that gba1 knockout (KO) medaka exhibited glucosylceramide accumulation and neuronopathic GD phenotypes, including short lifespan, the dopaminergic and noradrenergic neuronal cell loss, microglial activation, and swimming abnormality, with asyn accumulation in the brains. A recent study reported that deletion of GBA2, non-lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, in a non-neuronopathic GD mouse model rescued its phenotypes. In the present study, we generated gba2 KO medaka and examined the effect of Gba2 deletion on the phenotypes of gba1 KO medaka. The Gba2 deletion in gba1 KO medaka resulted in the exacerbation of glucosylceramide accumulation and no improvement in neuronopathic GD pathological changes, asyn accumulation, or swimming abnormalities. Meanwhile, though gba2 KO medaka did not show any apparent phenotypes, biochemical analysis revealed asyn accumulation in the brains. gba2 KO medaka showed a trend towards an increase in sphingolipids in the brains, which is one of the possible causes of asyn accumulation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the deletion of Gba2 does not rescue the pathological changes or behavioral abnormalities of gba1 KO medaka, and GBA2 represents a novel factor affecting asyn accumulation in the brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Nakanishi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA.
| | - Hisako Akiyama
- Laboratory for Neural Cell Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sawamura Masanori
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yosuke Taruno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Matsuzawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Holla VV, Surisetti BK, Prasad S, Thota N, Stezin A, Pal PK, Yadav R. SPG46 due to truncating mutations in GBA2: Two cases from India. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 82:13-15. [PMID: 33227682 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram V Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharath Kumar Surisetti
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Shweta Prasad
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Thota
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Albert Stezin
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India.
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Bouscary A, Quessada C, René F, Spedding M, Henriques A, Ngo S, Loeffler JP. Drug repositioning in neurodegeneration: An overview of the use of ambroxol in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173446. [PMID: 32739173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease in adults. While it is primarily characterized by the death of upper and lower motor neurons, there is a significant metabolic component involved in the progression of the disease. Two-thirds of ALS patients have metabolic alterations that are associated with the severity of symptoms. In ALS, as in other neurodegenerative diseases, the metabolism of glycosphingolipids, a class of complex lipids, is strongly dysregulated. We therefore assume that this pathway constitutes an interesting avenue for therapeutic approaches. We have shown that the glucosylceramide degrading enzyme, glucocerebrosidase (GBA) 2 is abnormally increased in the spinal cord of the SOD1G86R mouse model of ALS. Ambroxol, a chaperone molecule that inhibits GBA2, has been shown to have beneficial effects by slowing the development of the disease in SOD1G86R mice. Currently used in clinical trials for Parkinson's and Gaucher disease, ambroxol could be considered as a promising therapeutic treatment for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bouscary
- INSERM U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, UMR-S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Quessada
- INSERM U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, UMR-S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédérique René
- INSERM U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, UMR-S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Shyuan Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- INSERM U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, UMR-S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.
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8
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Kloth K, Cozma C, Bester M, Gerloff C, Biskup S, Zittel S. Dystonia as initial presentation of compound heterozygous GBA2 mutations: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of SPG46. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103992. [PMID: 32590105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GBA2 associated spastic paraplegia type 46 (SPG46) is an autosomal-recessive disorder associated with a clinical presentation of spastic gait, muscle weakness as well as an array of clinical symptoms including pseudobulbar palsy and progressive cognitive decline. Several neurological and non-neurological symptoms are associated with GBA2 mutations. An initial presentation with dystonia has not been reported so far. We report clinical, genetic and brain imaging findings in two siblings with hereditary spastic paraparesis. One sister presented with juvenile-onset leg spasticity and progressed to spastic tetraparesis, cervical and jaw opening dystonia, pseudobulbar symptoms and dementia. The other sister initially developed cervical dystonia in adulthood followed by gait spasticity and cognitive decline in the disease course. Molecular genetic testing revealed novel compound heterozygous variants in GBA2 in both sisters. The initial presentation with cervical dystonia and the differing clinical disease progression expand the clinical phenotype of GBA2 associated SPG46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kloth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Cozma
- Centogene AG, Department of Biomarker Research and Development, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maxim Bester
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tuebingen, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Simone Zittel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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9
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Nakamura-Shindo K, Ono K, Koh K, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Takiyama Y, Yamada M. A novel mutation in the GBA2 gene in a Japanese patient with SPG46: A case report. eNeurologicalSci 2020; 19:100238. [PMID: 32280793 PMCID: PMC7139103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by pyramidal weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. SPG46, one of autosomal recessive HSP, is clinically characterized by spasticity and pyramidal weakness of the lower limbs, mental retardation, congenital bilateral cataract, thin corpus callosum, and hypogonadism in males. Mutations in the nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase β2 (GBA2) gene have been identified in patients with SPG46. A Japanese woman was identified with bilateral cataracts when she was in an elementary school. She felt falling easily, speaking unclearness, and difficulty in walking and raising her left leg in her 30s. Her neurological examination at the age of 44 revealed dysarthria, spasticity in the upper and lower extremities, increased jaw jerk and tendon reflexes in the extremities, bilateral extensor plantar reflexes, ataxia, and pollakiuria. Magnetic resonance imaging showed thinning of the corpus callosum body as well as atrophy in the pons and cerebellum. A novel homozygous c.1838A > G (p.D613G) missense mutation was detected at exon 12 in GBA2. We diagnosed her illness as an autosomal-recessive form of hereditary SPG46. The clinical features matched previously reported phenotype of SPG46. This is the first report of a Japanese patient with SPG46 with a novel mutation in GBA2. We presume that the novel GBA2 missense mutation found in our patient would cause loss of GBA2 activity, resulting in the neurological manifestations of SPG46. SPG46 is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia. In Japan, clinical cases of SPG46 have never been reported. We report a case of a Japanese patient with SPG46 with a novel mutation in GBA2. She showed cataracts, mild cognitive impairment, spasticity, and cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Nakamura-Shindo
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuou-city, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuou-city, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
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10
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Algahtani H, Shirah B, Tashkandi M, Samkari A. Concurrence of multiple sclerosis, oligodendroglioma, and autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with spasticity in the same patient: A challenging diagnosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 40:101945. [PMID: 31954225 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been described in several case reports to coexist with brain tumors. This unusual concurrence has been the subject of research projects with a common question of whether these pathological entities share common roots. However, no clear association has proved that either of them could provoke the other, and mere chance is the only acceptable explanation. Along all reported cases, oligodendroglioma has been rarely reported to coexist with MS. In this paper, we report a unique case with a triad of MS, oligodendroglioma, and autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with spasticity and discuss possible theories that might have attributed to these three conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first case ever to have these three conditions present in one patient. The most likely explanation is believed to be that this patient was unfortunate to have three unrelated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Algahtani
- King Abdulaziz Medical City / King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 12723,21483, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bader Shirah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center / King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Tashkandi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Samkari
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Wheeler S, Sillence DJ. Niemann-Pick type C disease: cellular pathology and pharmacotherapy. J Neurochem 2019; 153:674-692. [PMID: 31608980 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) was first described in 1914 and affects approximately 1 in 150 000 live births. It is characterized clinically by diverse symptoms affecting liver, spleen, motor control, and brain; premature death invariably results. Its molecular origins were traced, as late as 1997, to a protein of late endosomes and lysosomes which was named NPC1. Mutation or absence of this protein leads to accumulation of cholesterol in these organelles. In this review, we focus on the intracellular events that drive the pathology of this disease. We first introduce endocytosis, a much-studied area of dysfunction in NPCD cells, and survey the various ways in which this process malfunctions. We briefly consider autophagy before attempting to map the more complex pathways by which lysosomal cholesterol storage leads to protein misregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. We then briefly introduce the metabolic pathways of sphingolipids (as these emerge as key species for treatment) and critically examine the various treatment approaches that have been attempted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wheeler
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
| | - Dan J Sillence
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
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12
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Bouscary A, Quessada C, Mosbach A, Callizot N, Spedding M, Loeffler JP, Henriques A. Ambroxol Hydrochloride Improves Motor Functions and Extends Survival in a Mouse Model of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:883. [PMID: 31447678 PMCID: PMC6692493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Growing evidence connects sphingolipid metabolism to the pathophysiology of ALS. In particular, levels of ceramides, glucosylceramides, and gangliosides are dysregulated in the central nervous system and at the neuromuscular junctions of both animal models and patients. Glucosylceramide is the main precursor of complex glycosphingolipids that is degraded by lysosomal (GBA1) or non-lysosomal (GBA2) glucocerebrosidase. Here, we report that GBA2, but not GBA1, activity is markedly increased in the spinal cord, of SOD1G86R mice, an animal model of familial ALS, even before disease onset. We therefore investigated the effects of ambroxol hydrochloride, a known GBA2 inhibitor, in SOD1G86R mice. A presymptomatic administration of ambroxol hydrochloride, in the drinking water, delayed disease onset, protecting neuromuscular junctions, and the number of functional spinal motor neurons. When administered at disease onset, ambroxol hydrochloride delayed motor function decline, protected neuromuscular junctions, and extended overall survival of the SOD1G86R mice. In addition, ambroxol hydrochloride improved motor recovery and muscle re-innervation after transient sciatic nerve injury in non-transgenic mice and promoted axonal elongation in an in vitro model of motor unit. Our study suggests that ambroxol hydrochloride promotes and protects motor units and improves axonal plasticity, and that this generic compound is a promising drug candidate for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bouscary
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Quessada
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Althéa Mosbach
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Henriques
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France.,Spedding Research Solutions SAS, Le Vesinet, France
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13
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Algahtani H, Shirah B, Ullah I, Al-Qahtani MH, Abdulkareem AA, Naseer MI. Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with spasticity due to a rare mutation in GBA2 gene in a large consanguineous Saudi family. Genes Dis 2019; 8:110-114. [PMID: 33569519 PMCID: PMC7859417 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase β2 (GBA2) gene encode an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide to glucose and ceramide. Mutations in the GBA2 gene have been reported to cause hereditary spastic paraplegia, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with spasticity, and Marinescu-Sjögren-Like Syndrome. In this study, we report the clinical features and genetic diagnosis of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with spasticity due to a rare mutation in GBA2 gene in a large consanguineous Saudi family. We included a large consanguineous Saudi family with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of ataxia at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The family included six affected individuals and four unaffected in addition to the parents. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the proband IV-5, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the variant in other family members. Segregation study was performed using DNA from the parents and siblings of the proband. Sequence analysis identified a homozygous variant c.2618G>A, p.(Arg873His) in GBA2 gene. The homozygous variant was identified in affected members of the family while the parents and the other four siblings were heterozygous carriers of the variant. One sibling was not available for genetic testing. The variant identified in our patients is classified as pathogenic considering the current evidence of the variant. Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with spasticity is an extremely rare genetic disorder with very few cases reported in the literature. We conclude that the c.2617G>A mutation in GBA2 gene causes the loss of function with abolishment of the enzymatic activity that causes the disease. This report adds further evidence to support the pathogenicity of this variant. The patients had the classical clinical phenotype of cerebellar ataxia and spasticity consistent with previous reports in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Algahtani
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Shirah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad H Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Woeste MA, Stern S, Raju DN, Grahn E, Dittmann D, Gutbrod K, Dörmann P, Hansen JN, Schonauer S, Marx CE, Hamzeh H, Körschen HG, Aerts JMFG, Bönigk W, Endepols H, Sandhoff R, Geyer M, Berger TK, Bradke F, Wachten D. Species-specific differences in nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase GBA2 function underlie locomotor dysfunction arising from loss-of-function mutations. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3853-3871. [PMID: 30662006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase β2 (GBA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide to glucose and ceramide. Mutations in the human GBA2 gene have been associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA), and the Marinesco-Sjögren-like syndrome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are ill-defined. Here, using biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, structural modeling, and mouse genetics, we demonstrate that all but one of the spastic gait locus #46 (SPG46)-connected mutations cause a loss of GBA2 activity. We demonstrate that GBA2 proteins form oligomeric complexes and that protein-protein interactions are perturbed by some of these mutations. To study the pathogenesis of GBA2-related HSP and ARCA in vivo, we investigated GBA2-KO mice as a mammalian model system. However, these mice exhibited a high phenotypic variance and did not fully resemble the human phenotype, suggesting that mouse and human GBA2 differ in function. Whereas some GBA2-KO mice displayed a strong locomotor defect, others displayed only mild alterations of the gait pattern and no signs of cerebellar defects. On a cellular level, inhibition of GBA2 activity in isolated cerebellar neurons dramatically affected F-actin dynamics and reduced neurite outgrowth, which has been associated with the development of neurological disorders. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of GBA2-related HSP and ARCA and reveal species-specific differences in GBA2 function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Woeste
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sina Stern
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana N Raju
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena Grahn
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Dittmann
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Gutbrod
- the Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- the Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan N Hansen
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Schonauer
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carina E Marx
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hussein Hamzeh
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz G Körschen
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- the Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Bönigk
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- the Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging (IREMB) and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,the Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Matthias Geyer
- the Institute of Structural Biology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas K Berger
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany, .,the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
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15
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Malekkou A, Samarani M, Drousiotou A, Votsi C, Sonnino S, Pantzaris M, Chiricozzi E, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Aureli M, Loberto N, Christodoulou K. Biochemical Characterization of the GBA2 c.1780G>C Missense Mutation in Lymphoblastoid Cells from Patients with Spastic Ataxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103099. [PMID: 30308956 PMCID: PMC6213336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The GBA2 gene encodes the non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase (NLGase), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to ceramide and glucose. Mutations in GBA2 have been associated with the development of neurological disorders such as autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and Marinesco-Sjogren-Like Syndrome. Our group has previously identified the GBA2 c.1780G>C [p.Asp594His] missense mutation, in a Cypriot consanguineous family with spastic ataxia. In this study, we carried out a biochemical characterization of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from three patients of this family. We found that the mutation strongly reduce NLGase activity both intracellularly and at the plasma membrane level. Additionally, we observed a two-fold increase of GlcCer content in LCLs derived from patients compared to controls, with the C16 lipid being the most abundant GlcCer species. Moreover, we showed that there is an apparent compensatory effect between NLGase and the lysosomal glucosylceramidase (GCase), since we found that the activity of GCase was three-fold higher in LCLs derived from patients compared to controls. We conclude that the c.1780G>C mutation results in NLGase loss of function with abolishment of the enzymatic activity and accumulation of GlcCer accompanied by a compensatory increase in GCase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malekkou
- Biochemical Genetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
| | - Maura Samarani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Anthi Drousiotou
- Biochemical Genetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
| | - Christina Votsi
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
- Neurology Clinic C, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
| | - Elena Chiricozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Eleni Zamba-Papanicolaou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
- Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
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16
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Abstract
The non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase GBA2 catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide to glucose and ceramide. Loss of GBA2 function results in accumulation of glucosylceramide. Mutations in the human GBA2 gene have been associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA). Patients suffering from these disorders exhibit impaired locomotion and neurological abnormalities. GBA2 mutations found in these patients have been proposed to impair GBA2 function. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the occurrence of mutations in the GBA2 gene and the development of locomotor dysfunction is not well-understood. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings regarding mutations in the GBA2 gene and their impact on GBA2 function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Woeste
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Minerva Max Planck Research Group, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Sultana S, Reichbauer J, Schüle R, Mochel F, Synofzik M, van der Spoel AC. Lack of enzyme activity in GBA2 mutants associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia/cerebellar ataxia (SPG46). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015. [PMID: 26220345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucosylceramide is a membrane glycolipid made up of the sphingolipid ceramide and glucose, and has a wide intracellular distribution. Glucosylceramide is degraded to ceramide and glucose by distinct, non-homologous enzymes, including glucocerebrosidase (GBA), localized in the endolysosomal pathway, and β-glucosidase 2 (GBA2), which is associated with the plasma membrane and/or the endoplasmic reticulum. It is well established that mutations in the GBA gene result in endolysosomal glucosylceramide accumulation, which triggers Gaucher disease. In contrast, the biological significance of GBA2 is less well understood. GBA2-deficient mice present with male infertility, but humans carrying mutations in the GBA2 gene are affected with a combination of cerebellar ataxia and spastic paraplegia, as well as with thin corpus callosum and cognitive impairment (SPastic Gait locus #46, SPG46). To improve our understanding of the biochemical consequences of the GBA2 mutations, we have evaluated five nonsense and five missense GBA2 mutants for their enzyme activity. In transfected cells, the mutant forms of GBA2 were present in widely different amounts, ranging from overabundant to very minor, compared to the wild type enzyme. Nevertheless, none of the GBA2 mutant cDNAs raised the enzyme activity in transfected cells, in contrast to the wild-type enzyme. These results suggest that SPG46 patients have a severe deficit in GBA2 activity, because the GBA2 mutants are intrinsically inactive and/or reduced in amount. This assessment of the expression levels and enzyme activities of mutant forms of GBA2 offers a first insight in the biochemical basis of the complex pathologies seen in SPG46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Sultana
- Atlantic Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Atlantic Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jennifer Reichbauer
- Centre for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, G-72074, Tübingen, Germany; German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Eberhard-Karls-University, G-72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Centre for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, G-72074, Tübingen, Germany; German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Eberhard-Karls-University, G-72074, Tübingen, Germany; Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Fanny Mochel
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, fUMRS_1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, F-75013, Paris, France; APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Centre for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, G-72074, Tübingen, Germany; German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Eberhard-Karls-University, G-72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aarnoud C van der Spoel
- Atlantic Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Atlantic Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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