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Yang J, Cao J, Min S, Li P, Lv F, Ren L. Recombinant human neuregulin-1 alleviates immobilization-induced neuromuscular dysfunction via neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling pathway in rat. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109631. [PMID: 37276924 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization-induced Neuromuscular Dysfunction (NMD) increases morbidity and mortality of patients in Intensive Care Units. However, the underlying mechanism of NMD remain poorly elucidated which limited the development of therapeutic method for NMD. Here we developed an immobilization rat model and tested the hypothesis that decreased expression of NRG-1, abnormal expression and distribution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in skeletal muscle caused by immobilization can lead to NMD. To investigate the role of NRG-1/ErbB pathway on immobilization-induced NMD, exogenous recombinant human neuregulin-1 (rhNRG-1) was used to increase the expression of NRG-1 in skeletal muscle during immobilization. It was observed rhNRG-1 significantly alleviated the muscle loss and enhanced the expression of ε-nAChR, while diminished the expression of γ- and α7-nAChR and NMD. Interestingly, ErbB inhibitor PD158780 blocked the protective effects of rhNRG-1. Collectively, the results of present study suggested that rhNRG-1 attenuated immobilization-induced muscle loss and NMD, suppressed γ- and α7-nAChR production, enhanced ε-nAChR synthesis via activating NRG-1/ErbB pathway. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into NMD contribution, suggesting that the rhNRG-1 is a promising therapy to protect against immobilization-induced myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feng Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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From Gut to Blood: Spatial and Temporal Pathobiome Dynamics during Acute Abdominal Murine Sepsis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030627. [PMID: 36985201 PMCID: PMC10054525 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal sepsis triggers the transition of microorganisms from the gut to the peritoneum and bloodstream. Unfortunately, there is a limitation of methods and biomarkers to reliably study the emergence of pathobiomes and to monitor their respective dynamics. Three-month-old CD-1 female mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce abdominal sepsis. Serial and terminal endpoint specimens were collected for fecal, peritoneal lavage, and blood samples within 72 h. Microbial species compositions were determined by NGS of (cell-free) DNA and confirmed by microbiological cultivation. As a result, CLP induced rapid and early changes of gut microbial communities, with a transition of pathogenic species into the peritoneum and blood detected at 24 h post-CLP. NGS was able to identify pathogenic species in a time course-dependent manner in individual mice using cfDNA from as few as 30 microliters of blood. Absolute levels of cfDNA from pathogens changed rapidly during acute sepsis, demonstrating its short half-life. Pathogenic species and genera in CLP mice significantly overlapped with pathobiomes from septic patients. The study demonstrated that pathobiomes serve as reservoirs following CLP for the transition of pathogens into the bloodstream. Due to its short half-life, cfDNA can serve as a precise biomarker for pathogen identification in blood.
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Wang X, Wang G, Yang H, Fu S, He Y, Li F, Wang H, Wang Z. A mouse model of peripheral nerve injury induced by Japanese encephalitis virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010961. [PMID: 36441775 PMCID: PMC9731479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most important cause of acute encephalitis in Eastern/Southern Asia. Infection with this virus also induces peripheral nerve injury. However, the disease pathogenesis is still not completely understood. Reliable animal models are needed to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of this condition. We studied the effect of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in C57BL/6 mice after a subcutaneous challenge. Limb paralysis was determined in mice using behavioral tests, including a viral paralysis scale and the hanging wire test, as well as by changes in body weight. Nerve conduction velocity and electromyography testing indicated the presence of demyelinating neuropathy of the sciatic nerve. Pathological changes in neural tissues were examined by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, which confirmed that the predominant pathologic change was demyelination. Although Western blots confirmed the presence of the virus in neural tissue, additional studies demonstrated that an immune-induced inflammatory response resulted in severe never injury. Immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of Japanese encephalitis virus in the brains of infected mice, and an inflammatory reaction was observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining as well. However, these observations were inconsistent at the time of paralysis onset. In summary, our results demonstrated that Japanese encephalitis virus infection could cause inflammatory demyelination of the peripheral nervous system in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- The NO.1 People’s Hospital of Shizuishan, Shizuishan, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Huan Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shihong Fu
- Department of Arbovirus, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Arbovirus, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Arbovirus, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of Arbovirus, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HYW); (ZHW)
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
- * E-mail: (HYW); (ZHW)
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4
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Lu WD, Hui MQ, Gu JL, Liu L, Wu ML, Yang Y, Cao YX. Pharmacodynamics, toxicology and toxicokinetics of ropivacaine oil delivery depot. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:113. [PMID: 35448955 PMCID: PMC9022296 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ropivacaine oil delivery depot (RODD) can be used to treat postoperative incision pain. The aim was to study pharmacodynamics, toxicity and toxicokinetics of RODD. METHODS The base research of RODD were conducted. Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into saline, solvent, ropivacaine aqueous injection (RAI) 0.9 mg, RODD 0.9 mg and RODD 3 mg groups. The sciatic nerve of rabbits were isolated, dripped with RODD and the effect of nerve block were observed. In toxicity study, the rats were divided into saline, solvent and RODD 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg groups, 30 rats per group. In toxicokinetics, rats were divided into RODD 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg groups, 18 rats per group. The rats were subcutaneously injected drugs. RESULTS The analgesic duration of RODD 3 mg and RAI 0.9 mg blocking ischiadic nerve lasted about 20 h and 2 h, respectively, and their blocking intensity was similar. The rats in RODD 75 mg/kg did not show any toxicity. Compared with saline group, in RODD 150 mg/kg group neutrophils and mononuclear cells increased, lymphocytes decreased and albumin decreased(P < 0.05), and pathological examination showed some abnormals. In RODD 300 mg/kg group, 10 rats died and showed some abnormalities in central nerve system, hematologic indexes, part of biochemical indexes, and the weights of spleen, liver, and thymus. However, these abnormal was largely recovered on 14 days after the dosing. The results of toxicokinetics of RODD 75 mg/kg group showed that the Cmax was 1.24 ± 0.59 µg/mL and the AUC(0-24 h) was 11.65 ± 1.58 h·µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Subcutaneous injection RODD releases ropivacaine slowly, and shows a stable and longer analgesic effect with a large safety range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Dang Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi`an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Libang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Quan Hui
- Xi'an Libang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing-Liang Gu
- Joinn Laboratories Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215421, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Xi'an Libang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man-Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi`an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Xi'an Libang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi`an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Wei B, Su H, Chen P, Tan HL, Li N, Qin ZE, Huang P, Chang S. Recent advancements in peripheral nerve-specific fluorescent compounds. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7799-7810. [PMID: 34747953 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nerve injury is a common complication of surgery. Accidental nerve damage or transection can lead to severe clinical symptoms including pain, numbness, paralysis and even expiratory dyspnoea. In recent years, with the rise of the field of fluorescence-guided surgery, researchers have discovered that nerve-specific fluorescent agents can serve as nerve markers in animals and can be used to guide surgical procedures and reduce the incidence of intraoperative nerve damage. Currently, researchers have begun to focus on biochemistry, materials chemistry and other fields to produce more neuro-specific fluorescent agents with physiological relevance and they are expected to have clinical applications. This review discusses the agents with potential to be used in fluorescence-guided nerve imaging during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Huo Su
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Hai-Long Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Ning Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Zi-En Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Wang W, Zhao Z, Ren D, Xin D. 4-AP-3-MeOH Promotes Structural and Functional Spontaneous Recovery in the Acute Sciatic Nerve Stretch Injury. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325819899254. [PMID: 32009855 PMCID: PMC6974761 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819899254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 4-AP-3-MeOH, a derivative of 4-aminopyridine, was developed and demonstrated
to prevent nerve pulse diffusion due to myelin damage and significantly
enhance axonal conduction following nerve injury. Currently, repurposing the
existing drug such as 4-AP-3-MeOH to restore motor function is a promising
and potential therapy of peripheral nerve injury. However, to evaluate drug
effect on sciatic nerve injury is full of challenge. Methods: Sciatic functional index was used to determine and measure the walking track
in the stretch injury model. Nerve conductivity was performed by electrical
stimulation of a nerve and recording the compound muscle action potential.
Myelin thickness and regeneration was imaged and measured with transmission
electron microscopy (TEM). Results: In this study, we developed a sciatic nerve injury model to minimize the
spontaneous recovery mechanism and found that 4-AP-3-MeOH not only improved
walking ability of the animals but also reduced the sensitivity to thermal
stimulus. More interesting, 4-AP-3-MeOH enhanced and recovered electric
conductivity of injured nerve; our TEM results indicated that the axon
sheath thickness was increased and myelin was regenerated, which was an
important evidence to support the recovery of injured nerve conductivity
with 4-AP-3-MeOH treatment. Conclusions: In summary, our studies suggest that 4-AP-3-MeOH is a viable and promising
approach to the therapy of peripheral nerve injury and in support of
repurposing the existing drug to restore motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- College of Life Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danmou Xin
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Rabie M, Yanay N, Fellig Y, Konikov-Rozenman J, Nevo Y. Improvement of motor conduction velocity in hereditary neuropathy of LAMA2-CMD dy 2J/dy 2J mouse model by glatiramer acetate. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1988-1994. [PMID: 31476705 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glatiramer acetate (GA), an agent modulating the immune system, has been shown to cause significantly improved mobility and hind limb muscle strength in the dy2J/dy2J mouse model for LAMA2-congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD). In view of these findings and the prominent peripheral nervous system involvement in this laminin-α2 disorder we evaluated GA's effect on dy2J/dy2J motor nerve conduction electrophysiologically. METHODS Left sciatic-tibial motor nerve conduction studies were performed on wild type (WT) mice (n = 10), control dy2J/dy2J mice (n = 11), and GA treated dy2J/dy2J mice (n = 10) at 18 weeks of age. RESULTS Control dy2J/dy2J mice average velocities (34.49 ± 2.15 m/s) were significantly slower than WT (62.57 ± 2.23 m/s; p < 0.0005), confirming the clinical observation of hindlimb paresis in dy2J/dy2J mice attributed to peripheral neuropathy. GA treated dy2J/dy2J mice showed significantly improved average sciatic-tibial motor nerve conduction velocity versus control dy2J/dy2J (50.35 ± 2.9 m/s; p < 0.0005). CONCLUSION In this study we show for the first time improvement in motor nerve conduction velocity of LAMA2-CMD dy2J/dy2J mouse model's hereditary peripheral neuropathy following GA treatment. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests a possible therapeutic effect of glatiramer acetate on hereditary peripheral neuropathy in this laminin-α2 disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Rabie
- Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Tel-Aviv University, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
| | - Nurit Yanay
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
| | - Yakov Fellig
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew-University-Medical-Center, Kiryat Hadassah P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Jenya Konikov-Rozenman
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel
| | - Yoram Nevo
- Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Tel-Aviv University, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel; Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva 49202, Israel.
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NMO-IgG and AQP4 Peptide Can Induce Aggravation of EAMG and Immune-Mediated Muscle Weakness. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5389282. [PMID: 29951558 PMCID: PMC5987235 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5389282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are autoimmune diseases mediated by autoantibodies against either aquaporin 4 (AQP4) or acetylcholine receptor (AChR), respectively. Recently, we and others have reported an increased prevalence of NMO in patients with MG. To verify whether coexisting autoimmune disease may exacerbate experimental autoimmune MG, we tested whether active immunization with AQP4 peptides or passive transfer of NMO-Ig can affect the severity of EAMG. Injection of either AQP4 peptide or NMO-Ig to EAMG or to naive mice caused increased fatigability and aggravation of EAMG symptoms as expressed by augmented muscle weakness (but not paralysis), decremental response to repetitive nerve stimulation, increased neuromuscular jitter, and aberration of immune responses. Thus, our study shows increased disease severity in EAMG mice following immunization with the NMO autoantigen AQP4 or by NMO-Ig, mediated by augmented inflammatory response. This can explain exacerbation or increased susceptibility of patients with one autoimmune disease to develop additional autoimmune syndrome.
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Buonvicino D, Felici R, Ranieri G, Caramelli R, Lapucci A, Cavone L, Muzzi M, Di Pietro L, Bernardini C, Zwergel C, Valente S, Mai A, Chiarugi A. Effects of Class II-Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor on Neuromuscular Function and Disease Progression in SOD1-ALS Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 379:228-238. [PMID: 29588251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that transcriptome alterations due to epigenetic deregulation concur to ALS pathogenesis. Accordingly, pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors delay ALS development in mice, but these compounds failed when tested in ALS patients. Possibly, lack of selectivity toward specific classes of HDACs weakens the therapeutic effects of pan-HDAC inhibitors. Here, we tested the effects of the HDAC Class II selective inhibitor MC1568 on disease evolution, motor neuron survival as well as skeletal muscle function in SOD1G93A mice. We report that HDACs did not undergo expression changes during disease evolution in isolated motor neurons of adult mice. Conversely, increase in specific Class II HDACs (-4, -5 and -6) occurs in skeletal muscle of mice with severe neuromuscular impairment. Importantly, treatment with MC1568 causes early improvement of motor performances that vanishes at later stages of disease. Notably, motor improvement is not paralleled by reduced motor neuron degeneration but by increased skeletal muscle electrical potentials, reduced activation of mir206/FGFBP1-dependent muscle reinnervation signaling, and increased muscle expression of myogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Roberta Felici
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caramelli
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cavone
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lorena Di Pietro
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Bernardini
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
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10
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Xie F, Zhang F, Min S, Chen J, Yang J, Wang X. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) attenuates the peripheral neuromuscular dysfunction without inhibiting the activation of spinal microglia/monocyte. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:110. [PMID: 29743034 PMCID: PMC5944173 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral neuromuscular dysfunctions were found in elderly individuals, and spinal microglia/monocyte plays an important role on this process. This study aims to test whether the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) could attenuate age-related neuromuscular dysfunction by inhibiting the activation of spinal microglia/monocyte. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into an adult group and an aged group. The aged rats were intrathecally injected with normal saline (NS) and GDNF. All the rats were harvested 5 days after each injection. The muscular function was tested by compound muscle action potential, and the activation of microglia/monocyte was detected by immunofluorescence staining; cytokines were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the expression level of GDNF and its known receptor GFR-α in the spinal cord, the expression level of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) in the sciatic nerve, and the expression level of γ- and α7- ε-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the tibialis anterior muscle were measured by western blotting. Results The activated microglia/monocyte was found in the aged rats compared to the adult rats. The aged rats showed a significant neuromuscular dysfunction and cytokine release as well as increased expression of γ- and α7-nAChR. The protein expression of GDNF, GFR-α, and NRG-1 in the aged rats were significantly lower than that in the adult rats. However, the exogenous injection of GDNF could alleviate the neuromuscular dysfunction but not inhibit the activation of spinal microglia/monocyte. Furthermore, the levels of GFR-α and NRG-1 also increased after GDNF treatment. Conclusion The GDNF could attenuate the age-related peripheral neuromuscular dysfunction without inhibiting the activation of microglia/monocyte in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1#, Yuan Jia Gang, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang City, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1#, Yuan Jia Gang, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1#, Yuan Jia Gang, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1#, Yuan Jia Gang, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1#, Yuan Jia Gang, Chongqing, 400016, China
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11
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Wang X, Min S, Xie F, Yang J, Li L, Chen J. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor alleviates sepsis-induced neuromuscular dysfunction by decreasing the expression of γ- and α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in an experimental rat model of neuromyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:260-266. [PMID: 29307828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced neuromuscular dysfunction results from up-regulation of the expression of γ- and α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Although glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been implicated in repairing and supporting neurons, little is known about the effects of GDNF on demyelination of nerves in sepsis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that GDNF could alleviate sepsis-induced neuromuscular dysfunction by decreasing the expression of γ- and α7-nAChR in an experimental rat model of neuromyopathy. Rats were randomly divided into a sham group and a sepsis group. Levels of inflammatory factors, muscle function, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were tested in rats after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 24 h after CLP, GDNF was injected around the sciatic nerve of sepsis rats, cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of nAChRs. GDNF and its downstream effector (Erk1/2 and GFR-α), neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) and γ- and α7-nAChR were measured using Western blot analysis. The expression of GDNF reached a minimum at 24 h after CLP. Compared with the sham group, the release of cytokines and the expression of γ- and α7-nAChR were significantly increased in the sepsis group. The administration of GDNF significantly alleviated sepsis-induced neuromuscular dysfunction, as well as reducing the expression of γ- and α7-nAChR. In addition, the expression of Erk1/2, GFR-α, NRG-1 were significantly increased after GDNF treatment. GDNF administration may improve patient outcomes by reducing the demyelination of nerves and the expression of γ- and α7-nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yang J, Min S, Xie F, Chen J, Hao X, Ren L. Electroacupuncture alleviates neuromuscular dysfunction in an experimental rat model of immobilization. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85537-85548. [PMID: 29156739 PMCID: PMC5689629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization-related skeletal muscle atrophy is a major concern to patients in Intensive Care Units and it has a profound effect on the quality of life. However, the underlying molecular events for the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture to treat muscle atrophy have not been fully elucidated. Here we developed an immobilization mouse model and tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscle weakness may be caused by the increased expression of γ and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on muscle cell membranes, while electroacupuncture could decrease the expression of γ and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Compared with the rats in control, those treated with immobilization for 14 days showed a significant reduction of tibialis anterior muscle weight, muscle atrophy and dysfunction, which was associated with a significant decrease expression of neuregulin-1 and increased expression of γ- and α7-nAChR in tibialis anterior muscle. Electroacupuncture significantly enhanced the expression of neuregulin-1 and alleviated the muscle loss, while diminished the expression of γ- and α7-nAChR. Taken together, the beneficial effect of electroacupuncture may be attributed to suppressing γ- and α7-nAChR production, enhancing neuromuscular function and neuregulin-1 protein synthesis. These results suggest that electroacupuncture is a potential therapy for preventing muscle atrophy during immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuechao Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Tseng KC, Li H, Clark A, Sundem L, Zuscik M, Noble M, Elfar J. 4-Aminopyridine promotes functional recovery and remyelination in acute peripheral nerve injury. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1409-1420. [PMID: 27861125 PMCID: PMC5167128 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic peripheral nerve damage is a major medical problem without effective treatment options. In repurposing studies on 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker that provides symptomatic relief in some chronic neurological afflictions, we discovered this agent offers significant promise as a small molecule regenerative agent for acute traumatic nerve injury. We found, in a mouse model of sciatic crush injury, that sustained early 4-AP administration increased the speed and extent of behavioral recovery too rapidly to be explained by axonal regeneration. Further studies demonstrated that 4-AP also enhanced recovery of nerve conduction velocity, promoted remyelination, and increased axonal area post-injury. We additionally found that 4-AP treatment enables distinction between incomplete and complete lesions more rapidly than existing approaches, thereby potentially addressing the critical challenge of more effectively distinguishing injured individuals who may require mutually exclusive treatment approaches. Thus, 4-AP singularly provides both a new potential therapy to promote durable recovery and remyelination in acute peripheral nerve injury and a means of identifying lesions in which this therapy would be most likely to be of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ching Tseng
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Haiyan Li
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Clark
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Leigh Sundem
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael Zuscik
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark Noble
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John Elfar
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Osaki Y, Nodera H, Banzrai C, Endo S, Takayasu H, Mori A, Shimatani Y, Kaji R. Effects of anesthetic agents on in vivo axonal HCN current in normal mice. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2033-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Liu L, Xie F, Wei K, Hao XC, Li P, Cao J, Min S. Sepsis induced denervation-like changes at the neuromuscular junction. J Surg Res 2015; 200:523-32. [PMID: 26505658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the functional and biochemical changes at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) induced by sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as follows: control, denervation, and sepsis. The rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or tibias nerve transection. NMJ function and the area of end plates were assessed, and the protein level of acetylcholine receptors and axonal neuregulin-1 was evaluated on postoperative days 1, 7, and 14. RESULTS In the control group, the amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was 16.51 ± 2.53 mV. In the sepsis group, the amplitude of CMAP decreased, and duration was prolonged on postoperative days 7 and 14 (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, motor conduction velocity decreased significantly (P < 0.01). CMAP was lost in the denervation group. The twitch tension magnitude gradually declined (P < 0.05) in the sepsis group, although it could not be recorded after lesion. Sepsis and denervation upregulated the expression of γ-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and α7-nAChR in muscle membrane, compared with those in normal NMJ (261.4 ± 26.5 μm(2)). The NMJ area decreased from 254.6 ± 23.8 μm(2) (1 d after CLP) to 275.4 ± 22.6 μm(2) (7 d after CLP) to 322.7 ± 34.4 μm(2) (14 d after CLP). The postsynaptic NMJ had more discrete fragments (3.84 ± 0.6) compared with the control group (2.13 ± 0.4; P < 0.01). After denervation, NMJ underwent fragmentation and the number of discrete fragments increased (5.57 ± 1.2; P < 0.01). NMJ area increased from 254.6 ± 23.8 μm(2) (1 d after CLP) to 275.4 ± 22.6 μm(2) (7 d after CLP) to 322.7 ± 34.4 μm(2) (14 d after CLP). Sepsis induced neuregulin-1 to decrease from 1 d up to 2 wk compared with the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chronic sepsis has a denervation-like effect on the NMJ, which was indicated by upregulation of heterogeneous nAChRs, the increased area of end plates, and demyelination of the motoneuron axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Chao Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Schulz A, Walther C, Morrison H, Bauer R. In vivo electrophysiological measurements on mouse sciatic nerves. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24747166 DOI: 10.3791/51181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies allow a rational classification of various neuromuscular diseases and are of help, together with neuropathological techniques, in the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology(1). Here we describe a method to perform electrophysiological studies on mouse sciatic nerves in vivo. The animals are anesthetized with isoflurane in order to ensure analgesia for the tested mice and undisturbed working environment during the measurements that take about 30 min/animal. A constant body temperature of 37 °C is maintained by a heating plate and continuously measured by a rectal thermo probe(2). Additionally, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is routinely recorded during the measurements in order to continuously monitor the physiological state of the investigated animals. Electrophysiological recordings are performed on the sciatic nerve, the largest nerve of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), supplying the mouse hind limb with both motoric and sensory fiber tracts. In our protocol, sciatic nerves remain in situ and therefore do not have to be extracted or exposed, allowing measurements without any adverse nerve irritations along with actual recordings. Using appropriate needle electrodes(3) we perform both proximal and distal nerve stimulations, registering the transmitted potentials with sensing electrodes at gastrocnemius muscles. After data processing, reliable and highly consistent values for the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and the compound motor action potential (CMAP), the key parameters for quantification of gross peripheral nerve functioning, can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology & Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena;
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17
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Gunay H, Kucuk L, Erbas O, Atamaz FC, Kucuk U, Coskunol E. The effectiveness of tetanus toxin on sciatic nerve regeneration: a preliminary experimental study in rats. Microsurgery 2014; 34:384-9. [PMID: 24665036 DOI: 10.1002/micr.22249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The purpose was to investigate the effects of local tetanus toxin (TeTx) application on sciatic nerve regeneration following a rat model of transection injury. METHODS After both sciatic nerves were transected and repaired with three epineural sutures, 12 male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups. 0.25 ml (2.5 flocculation units) TeTx was injected into a piece of absorbable gelatin sponge in TeTx group. In controls, 0.25 ml saline injected. Assessments were performed by using climbing degrees, compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and histological parameters (axon number and axonal diameter) 12th week. RESULTS CMAPs amplitudes were 11.6 ± 4.7 mV and 1.4 ± 1.3 mV in gastrocnemius and interdigital muscles in TeTx group (5.8 ± 2.4 mV and 0.2 ± 0.1 mV, P < 0.05). Climbing degrees were significantly different (61.6 ± 1.7 vs. 38.3 ± 2.6, P < 0.05). Total axon numbers were higher (1341.1 ± 57.3 vs. 877.5 ± 34.9, P < 0.05) and the mean axon diameter was smaller (4.2 ± 2.1 vs. 2.5 ± 1.9, P < 0.05) in the TeTx group. CONCLUSION This preliminary study firstly demonstrated the effectiveness of TeTx on nerve repair in experimental sciatic rat model based on functional, electromyographic and histological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Gunay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Faculty of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Ma M, Ferguson TA, Schoch KM, Li J, Qian Y, Shofer FS, Saatman KE, Neumar RW. Calpains mediate axonal cytoskeleton disintegration during Wallerian degeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 56:34-46. [PMID: 23542511 PMCID: PMC3721029 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), transected axons undergo Wallerian degeneration. Even though Augustus Waller first described this process after transection of axons in 1850, the molecular mechanisms may be shared, at least in part, by many human diseases. Early pathology includes failure of synaptic transmission, target denervation, and granular disintegration of the axonal cytoskeleton (GDC). The Ca(2+)-dependent protease calpains have been implicated in GDC but causality has not been established. To test the hypothesis that calpains play a causal role in axonal and synaptic degeneration in vivo, we studied transgenic mice that express human calpastatin (hCAST), the endogenous calpain inhibitor, in optic and sciatic nerve axons. Five days after optic nerve transection and 48 h after sciatic nerve transection, robust neurofilament proteolysis observed in wild-type controls was reduced in hCAST transgenic mice. Protection of the axonal cytoskeleton in sciatic nerves of hCAST mice was nearly complete 48 h post-transection. In addition, hCAST expression preserved the morphological integrity of neuromuscular junctions. However, compound muscle action potential amplitudes after nerve transection were similar in wild-type and hCAST mice. These results, in total, provide direct evidence that calpains are responsible for the morphological degeneration of the axon and synapse during Wallerian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Resuscitation Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toby A. Ferguson
- Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Schoch
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yaping Qian
- Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frances S. Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Saatman
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Robert W. Neumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Resuscitation Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Liu L, Min S, Li W, Wei K, Luo J, Wu G, Ao L, Cao J, Wang B, Wang Z. Pharmacodynamic changes with vecuronium in sepsis are associated with expression of α7- and γ-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in an experimental rat model of neuromyopathy. Br J Anaesth 2013; 112:159-68. [PMID: 23903895 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents induced by sepsis is associated with the qualitative change in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). This study aims to investigate the effects of sepsis on the neuromuscular block properties of vecuronium in relation to the expression of fetal and neuronal α7 type nAChR. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham and sepsis groups. Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The rats were injected i.v. with ulinastatin or normal saline on Day 10. Neuromuscular block properties of vecuronium were evaluated and neuromuscular function was assessed by electromyography on Days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after CLP. Expression of fetal and neuronal type α7-nAChR on the tibialis anterior muscle was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blot. The mRNA encoding for γ- and α7 subunits was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The half maximal inhibitory response of vecuronium in the sepsis group significantly increased, peaked on Day 7, and then declined on Day 14 (P<0.05). The neuromuscular function decreased with increasing postoperation time in the sepsis group (P<0.05). Sepsis significantly increased the expression of γ- and α7-nAchR along with expression of γ- and α7 subunits mRNA, peaked on Day 7, and declined on Day 14 (P<0.05). Ulinastatin suppressed the expression of receptor protein and mRNA encoding for γ- and α7 subunits (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pharmacodynamic changes with vecuronium seem to be associated with the expression of γ- and α7-nAChR in the skeletal muscle. Ulinastatin can improve this effect by inhibiting the expression of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, You Yi Road 1#, Yuan Jia Gang, Chongqing 400016, China
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20
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Chung ME, Song DH, Park JH. Comparative Study of Biological Activity of Four Botulinum Toxin Type A Preparations in Mice. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39:155-64. [DOI: 10.1111/dsu.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Whitney MA, Crisp JL, Nguyen LT, Friedman B, Gross LA, Steinbach P, Tsien RY, Nguyen QT. Fluorescent peptides highlight peripheral nerves during surgery in mice. Nat Biotechnol 2011; 29:352-6. [PMID: 21297616 PMCID: PMC3364105 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nerve preservation is an important goal during surgery because accidental transection or injury leads to significant morbidity, including numbness, pain, weakness or paralysis. Nerves are usually identified by their appearance and relationship to nearby structures or detected by local electrical stimulation (electromyography), but thin or buried nerves are sometimes overlooked. Here, we use phage display to select a peptide that binds preferentially to nerves. After systemic injection of a fluorescently labeled version of the peptide in mice, all peripheral nerves are clearly delineated within 2 h. Contrast between nerve and adjacent tissue is up to tenfold, and useful contrast lasts up to 8 h. No changes in behavior or activity are observed after treatment, indicating a lack of obvious toxicity. The fluorescent probe also labels nerves in human tissue samples. Fluorescence highlighting is independent of axonal integrity, suggesting that the probe could facilitate surgical repair of injured nerves and help prevent accidental transection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Whitney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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22
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Oh SS, Hayes JM, Sims-Robinson C, Sullivan KA, Feldman EL. The effects of anesthesia on measures of nerve conduction velocity in male C57Bl6/J mice. Neurosci Lett 2010; 483:127-31. [PMID: 20691755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Animal models, particularly mice, are used extensively to investigate neurological diseases. Basic research regarding animal models of human neurological disease requires that the animals exhibit hall mark characteristics of the disease. These include disease specific anatomical, metabolic and behavioral changes. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is the predominant method used to assess peripheral nerve health. Normative data adjusted for age, gender and height is available for human patients; however, these data are not available for most rodents including mice. NCV may be affected by animal age and size, body temperature, stimulus strength and anesthesia. While the effects of temperature, age and size are documented, the direct and indirect effects of anesthesia on NCV are not well reported. Our laboratory is primarily concerned with animal models of diabetic neuropathy (DN) and uses NCV to confirm the presence of neuropathy. To ensure that subtle changes in NCV are reliably assayed and not directly or indirectly affected by anesthesia, we compared the effects of 4 commonly used anesthetics, isoflurane, ketamine/xylazine, sodium pentobarbital and 2-2-2 tribromoethanol on NCV in a commonly used rodent model, the C57Bl6/J mouse. Our results indicate that of the anesthetics tested, isoflurane has minimal impact on NCV and is the safest, most effective method of anesthesia. Our data strongly suggest that isoflurane should become the anesthetic of choice when performing NCV on murine models of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Su Oh
- University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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Xia RH, Yosef N, Ubogu EE. Dorsal caudal tail and sciatic motor nerve conduction studies in adult mice: technical aspects and normative data. Muscle Nerve 2010; 41:850-6. [PMID: 20151466 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mice provide an important tool to investigate human neuromuscular disorders. The variability of electrophysiological techniques limits direct comparison between studies. The purpose of this study was to establish normative motor nerve conduction data in adult mice. The dorsal caudal tail nerve and sciatic nerve motor conduction studies were performed bilaterally on restrained anesthetized adult mice. The means and standard deviations for each electrophysiological parameter were determined in normal mice. Data were compared with inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy mice to determine whether these parameters discriminate between normal and abnormal peripheral nerves. Normal adult mice had a distal latency of 0.89 (+/-0.17) ms and 0.75 (+/-0.09) ms, distal compound motor unit action potential amplitude of 13.2 (+/-5.9) mV and 28.1 (+/-8.3) mV, and conduction velocity of 74.6 (+/-9.0) m/s and 76.5 (+/-8.3) m/s, respectively. These data were validated by the finding of statistically significant differences in several electrophysiological parameters that compared normal and polyneuropathy-affected mice. A standardized method for motor nerve conduction studies and associated normative data in mice should facilitate comparisons of disease severity and response to treatment between studies that use similar models. This would assist in the process of translational therapeutic drug design in neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H Xia
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop NB 302, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
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