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Liu D, Wang S, Liu S, Wang Q, Che X, Wu G. Frontiers in sarcopenia: Advancements in diagnostics, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101270. [PMID: 38583268 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The onset of sarcopenia is intimately linked with aging, posing significant implications not only for individual patient quality of life but also for the broader societal healthcare framework. Early and accurate identification of sarcopenia and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanistic underpinnings and therapeutic targets paramount to addressing this condition effectively. This review endeavors to present a cohesive overview of recent advancements in sarcopenia research and diagnosis. We initially delve into the contemporary diagnostic criteria, specifically referencing the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) 2 and Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 benchmarks. Additionally, we elucidate comprehensive assessment techniques for muscle strength, quantity, and physical performance, highlighting tools such as grip strength, chair stand test, dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), gait speed, and short physical performance battery (SPPB), while also discussing their inherent advantages and limitations. Such diagnostic advancements pave the way for early identification and unequivocal diagnosis of sarcopenia. Proceeding further, we provide a deep-dive into sarcopenia's pathogenesis, offering a thorough examination of associated signaling pathways like the Myostatin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin/IGF-1 Signaling (IIS), and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways. Each pathway's role in sarcopenia mediation is detailed, underscoring potential therapeutic target avenues. From a mechanistic perspective, the review also underscores the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia, emphasizing elements such as mitochondrial oxidative overload, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy, and highlighting their therapeutic significance. At last, we capture recent strides made in sarcopenia treatment, ranging from nutritional and exercise interventions to potential pharmacological and supplementation strategies. In sum, this review meticulously synthesizes the latest scientific developments in sarcopenia, aiming to enhance diagnostic precision in clinical practice and provide comprehensive insights into refined mechanistic targets and innovative therapeutic interventions, ultimately contributing to optimized patient care and advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Shijin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Qifei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
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Kok HJ, Fletcher DB, Oster JC, Conover CF, Barton ER, Yarrow JF. Transcriptomics reveals transient and dynamic muscle fibrosis and atrophy differences following spinal cord injury in rats. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 38764311 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate and magnitude of skeletal muscle wasting after severe spinal cord injury (SCI) exceeds most other disuse conditions. Assessing the time course of molecular changes can provide insight into the progression of muscle wasting post-SCI. The goals of this study were (1) to identify potential targets that may prevent the pathologic features of SCI in soleus muscles and (2) to establish therapeutic windows for treating these pathologic changes. METHODS Four-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats received T9 laminectomy (SHAM surgery) or severe contusion SCI. Hindlimb locomotor function was assessed weekly, with soleus muscles obtained 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months post-surgery (n = 6-7 per group per timepoint). RNA was extracted from muscles for bulk RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 3-5 per group per timepoint). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were evaluated between age-matched SHAM and SCI animals. Myofiber size, muscle fibre type and fibrosis were assessed on contralateral muscles. RESULTS SCI produced immediate and persistent hindlimb paralysis, with Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor scores remaining below 7 throughout the study, contributing to a progressive 25-50% lower soleus mass and myofiber atrophy versus SHAM (P < 0.05 at all timepoints). Transcriptional comparisons of SCI versus SHAM resulted in 184 DEGs (1 week), 436 DEGs (2 weeks), 133 DEGs (1 month) and 1200 DEGs (3 months). Upregulated atrophy-related genes included those associated with cell senescence, nuclear factor kappa B, ubiquitin proteasome and unfolded protein response pathways, along with upregulated genes that negatively influence muscle growth through the transforming growth factor beta pathway and inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-I/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin and p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling. Genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM), including collagens, collagen crosslinkers, proteoglycans and those regulating ECM integrity, were enriched within upregulated DEGs at 1 week but subsequently downregulated at 2 weeks and 3 months and were accompanied by >50% higher ECM areas and hydroxyproline levels in SCI muscles (P < 0.05). Myofiber remodelling genes were enriched in upregulated DEGs at 2 weeks and 1 month and were downregulated at 3 months. Genes that regulate neuromuscular junction remodelling were evident in muscles post-SCI, along with slow-to-fast fibre-type shifts: 1 week and 2 weeks SCI muscles were composed of 90% myosin heavy chain (MHC) type I fibres, which decreased to only 16% at 3 months and were accompanied by 50% fibres containing MHC IIX (P < 0.05). Metabolism genes were enriched in upregulated DEGs at 1 month and were further enriched at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Our results substantiate many known pathologic features of SCI-induced wasting in rat skeletal muscle and identify a progressive and dynamic transcriptional landscape within the post-SCI soleus. Future studies are warranted to consider these therapeutic treatment windows when countering SCI muscle pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jean Kok
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Research Service, Malcolm Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Drew B Fletcher
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jacob C Oster
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine F Conover
- Research Service, Malcolm Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joshua F Yarrow
- Research Service, Malcolm Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcolm Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Eastern Colorado Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
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Liu G, Deng B, Huo L, Jiang S, Fan X, Mo Y, Ren J, Zhao Y, Xu L, Mu X. Temporal profiling and validation of oxidative stress-related genes in spinal cord injury. Brain Res Bull 2023; 205:110832. [PMID: 38042503 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI), yet its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we explored the OS phenotype in a rat model of SCI. Subsequently, comprehensive bioinformatic analyses were conducted on microarray data pertaining to SCI (GSE45006). Notably, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed a pronounced enrichment of pivotal pathways, namely MAPK, FoxO, Apoptosis, NF-κB, TNF, HIF-1, and Chemokine across distinct phases of SCI. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis highlighted the significance of biological processes including response to hypoxia, response to decrease oxygen levels, response to reactive oxygen species, cellular response to oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, and regulation of neuron death in the context of OS following SCI. Notably, our study underscores the prominence of nine genes, namely Itgb1, Itgam, Fn1, Icam1, Cd44, Cxcr4, Ptprc, Tlr4, and Tlr2 as OS key genes in SCI, consistently expressed in both the acute phase (1, 3, 7 days) and sub-acute phase (14 days). Subsequently, the relative mRNA expression of these key genes in different time points (1, 3, 7, 14 days) post-SCI. Finally, leveraging the DsigDB database, we predicted ten potential compounds potentially targeting OS and facilitating the repair of SCI, thus providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying OS and identifying potential therapeutic targets for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bowen Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Luyao Huo
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shengyuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanjun Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingpei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xiaohong Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
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Xu X, Talifu Z, Zhang CJ, Gao F, Ke H, Pan YZ, Gong H, Du HY, Yu Y, Jing YL, Du LJ, Li JJ, Yang DG. Mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury: A narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1099143. [PMID: 36937344 PMCID: PMC10020380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1099143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury leads to loss of innervation of skeletal muscle, decreased motor function, and significantly reduced load on skeletal muscle, resulting in atrophy. Factors such as braking, hormone level fluctuation, inflammation, and oxidative stress damage accelerate skeletal muscle atrophy. The atrophy process can result in skeletal muscle cell apoptosis, protein degradation, fat deposition, and other pathophysiological changes. Skeletal muscle atrophy not only hinders the recovery of motor function but is also closely related to many systemic dysfunctions, affecting the prognosis of patients with spinal cord injury. Extensive research on the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy and intervention at the molecular level has shown that inflammation and oxidative stress injury are the main mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury and that multiple pathways are involved. These may become targets of future clinical intervention. However, most of the experimental studies are still at the basic research stage and still have some limitations in clinical application, and most of the clinical treatments are focused on rehabilitation training, so how to develop more efficient interventions in clinical treatment still needs to be further explored. Therefore, this review focuses mainly on the mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury and summarizes the cytokines and signaling pathways associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in recent studies, hoping to provide new therapeutic ideas for future clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Jia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Han Ke
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Zhu Pan
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Yong Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Li Jing
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Jie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Jun Li
| | - De-Gang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- De-Gang Yang
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Myostatin/AKT/FOXO Signaling Is Altered in Human Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091418. [PMID: 36143454 PMCID: PMC9506454 DOI: 10.3390/life12091418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the ubiquitin proteasome system, and especially changes of the E3 ligases, are subjects of interest when searching for causes and therapies for cardiomyopathies. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the myostatin/AKT/forkhead box O (FOXO) pathway, which regulates the expression of the E3 ligases muscle atrophy F-box gene (MAFbx) and muscle ring-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), is changed in dilated cardiomyopathy of ischemic origin (IDCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy of non-ischemic origin (NIDCM). The mRNA and protein expression of myostatin, AKT, FOXO1, FOXO3, MAFbx and MuRF1 were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively, in myocardial tissue from 26 IDCM and 23 NIDCM patients. Septal tissue from 17 patients undergoing Morrow resection served as a control. MAFbx and FOXO1 mRNA and protein expression (all p < 0.05), AKT mRNA (p < 0.01) and myostatin protein expression (p = 0.02) were decreased in NIDCM patients compared to the control group. Apart from decreases of AKT and MAFbx mRNA expression (both p < 0.01), no significant differences were detected in IDCM patients compared to the control group. Our results demonstrate that the myostatin/AKT/FOXO pathway is altered in NIDCM but not in IDCM patients. FOXO1 seems to be an important drug target for regulating the expression of MAFbx in NIDCM patients.
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β-Sitosterol Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Regulating FoxO1-Dependent Signaling in C2C12 Cell and Mice Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142894. [PMID: 35889851 PMCID: PMC9315776 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to a decline in muscle mass and strength with age, causing significant impairment in the ability to carry out normal daily functions and increased risk of falls and fractures, eventually leading to loss of independence. Maintaining protein homeostasis is an important factor in preventing muscle loss, and the decrease in muscle mass is caused by an imbalance between anabolism and catabolism of muscle proteins. Although β-sitosterol has various effects such as anti-inflammatory, protective effect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity, the mechanism of β-sitosterol effect on the catabolic pathway was not well known. β-sitosterol was assessed in vitro and in vivo using a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy mice model and C2C12 myoblasts. β-sitosterol protected mice from dexamethasone-induced muscle mass loss. The thickness of gastrocnemius muscle myofibers was increased in dexamethasone with the β-sitosterol treatment group (DS). Grip strength and creatine kinase (CK) activity were also recovered when β-sitosterol was treated. The muscle loss inhibitory efficacy of β-sitosterol in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotube was also verified in C2C12 myoblast. β-sitosterol also recovered the width of myotubes. The protein expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) was increased in dexamethasone-treated animal models and C2C12 myoblast, but it was reduced when β-sitosterol was treated. MuRF1 also showed similar results to MAFbx in the mRNA level of C2C12 myotubes. In addition, in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles of mouse models, Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) protein was increased in the dexamethasone-treated group (Dexa) compared with the control group and reduced in the DS group. Therefore, β-sitosterol would be a potential treatment agent for aging sarcopenia.
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Jaiswal N, Gavin M, Loro E, Sostre‐Colón J, Roberson PA, Uehara K, Rivera‐Fuentes N, Neinast M, Arany Z, Kimball SR, Khurana TS, Titchenell PM. AKT controls protein synthesis and oxidative metabolism via combined mTORC1 and FOXO1 signalling to govern muscle physiology. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:495-514. [PMID: 34751006 PMCID: PMC8818654 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletomuscular diseases result in significant muscle loss and decreased performance, paralleled by a loss in mitochondrial and oxidative capacity. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are two potent anabolic hormones that activate a host of signalling intermediates including the serine/threonine kinase AKT to influence skeletal muscle physiology. Defective AKT signalling is associated with muscle pathology, including cachexia, sarcopenia, and disuse; however, the mechanistic underpinnings remain unresolved. METHODS To elucidate the role of AKT signalling in muscle mass and physiology, we generated both congenital and inducible mouse models of skeletal muscle-specific AKT deficiency. To understand the downstream mechanisms mediating AKT's effects on muscle biology, we generated mice lacking AKT1/2 and FOXO1 (M-AKTFOXO1TKO and M-indAKTFOXO1TKO) to inhibit downstream FOXO1 signalling, AKT1/2 and TSC1 (M-AKTTSCTKO and M-indAKTTSCTKO) to activate mTORC1, and AKT1/2, FOXO1, and TSC1 (M-QKO and M-indQKO) to simultaneously activate mTORC1 and inhibit FOXO1 in AKT-deficient skeletal muscle. Muscle proteostasis and physiology were assessed using multiple assays including metabolic labelling, mitochondrial function, fibre typing, ex vivo physiology, and exercise performance. RESULTS Here, we show that genetic ablation of skeletal muscle AKT signalling resulted in decreased muscle mass and a loss of oxidative metabolism and muscle performance. Specifically, deletion of muscle AKT activity during development or in adult mice resulted in a significant reduction in muscle growth by 30-40% (P < 0.0001; n = 12-20) and 15% (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001; n = 20-30), respectively. Interestingly, this reduction in muscle mass was primarily due to an ~40% reduction in protein synthesis in both M-AKTDKO and M-indAKTDKO muscles (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01; n = 12-20) without significant changes in proteolysis or autophagy. Moreover, a significant reduction in oxidative capacity was observed in both M-AKTDKO (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001; n = 5-12) and M-indAKTDKO (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01; n = 4). Mechanistically, activation and inhibition of mTORC1/FOXO1, respectively, but neither alone, were sufficient to restore protein synthesis, muscle oxidative capacity, and muscle function in the absence of AKT in vivo. In a mouse model of disuse-induced muscle loss, simultaneous activation of mTORC1 and inhibition of FOXO1 preserved muscle mass following immobilization (~5-10% reduction in casted M-indFOXO1TSCDKO muscles vs. ~30-40% casted M-indControl muscles, P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001; n = 8-16). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study provides novel insights into the AKT-dependent mechanisms that underlie muscle protein homeostasis, function, and metabolism in both normal physiology and disuse-induced muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Jaiswal
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and MetabolismPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Matthew Gavin
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and MetabolismPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Emanuele Loro
- Department of PhysiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Penn Muscle Institute, Department of PhysiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jaimarie Sostre‐Colón
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and MetabolismPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Paul A. Roberson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA
| | - Kahealani Uehara
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and MetabolismPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Nicole Rivera‐Fuentes
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and MetabolismPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michael Neinast
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and MetabolismPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Cardiovascular InstitutePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and MetabolismPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Cardiovascular InstitutePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Scot R. Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA
| | - Tejvir S. Khurana
- Department of PhysiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Penn Muscle Institute, Department of PhysiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and MetabolismPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of PhysiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Klaeske K, Dix M, Adams V, Jawad K, Eifert S, Etz C, Saeed D, Borger MA, Dieterlen MT. Differential Regulation of Myocardial E3 Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Ischemic Heart Failure. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121430. [PMID: 34947961 PMCID: PMC8708923 DOI: 10.3390/life11121430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological changes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination following myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic heart failure (CHF) have been sparsely examined. We investigated the expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in MI and CHF. Therefore, mice were assigned to coronary artery ligation for 3 days or 10 weeks as well as for sham operation (each n = 10). Expression of E3 ligases (MAFBX, MURF1, CHIP, ITCH, MDM2) and deubiquitinases (A20, CYLD, UCH-L1, USP14, USP19) was determined. After MI and in CHF, the mRNA expression of MURF1, CHIP and MDM2 (all p < 0.05) was decreased. Protein expression analyses revealed that ITCH expression decreased in CHF (p = 0.01), whereas MDM2 expression increased in MI (p = 0.02) and decreased in CHF (p = 0.02). Except for USP19 mRNA expression that decreased at 3 days and 10 weeks (both p < 0.01), the expression of other deubiquitinases remained unaffected after MI and CHF. The expression of myocardial E3 ligases is differentially regulated following MI, raising the question of whether an upstream regulation exists that is activated by MI for tissue protection or whether the downregulation of E3 ligases enables myocardial hypertrophy following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Klaeske
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, HELIOS Clinic, Heart Center, University Hospital Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; (M.D.); (K.J.); (S.E.); (C.E.); (D.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.-T.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341865251079; Fax: +49-3418651452
| | - Maria Dix
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, HELIOS Clinic, Heart Center, University Hospital Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; (M.D.); (K.J.); (S.E.); (C.E.); (D.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.-T.D.)
| | - Volker Adams
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 76, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Bautzner Straße 122c, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Khalil Jawad
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, HELIOS Clinic, Heart Center, University Hospital Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; (M.D.); (K.J.); (S.E.); (C.E.); (D.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.-T.D.)
| | - Sandra Eifert
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, HELIOS Clinic, Heart Center, University Hospital Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; (M.D.); (K.J.); (S.E.); (C.E.); (D.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.-T.D.)
| | - Christian Etz
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, HELIOS Clinic, Heart Center, University Hospital Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; (M.D.); (K.J.); (S.E.); (C.E.); (D.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.-T.D.)
| | - Diyar Saeed
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, HELIOS Clinic, Heart Center, University Hospital Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; (M.D.); (K.J.); (S.E.); (C.E.); (D.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.-T.D.)
| | - Michael A. Borger
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, HELIOS Clinic, Heart Center, University Hospital Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; (M.D.); (K.J.); (S.E.); (C.E.); (D.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.-T.D.)
| | - Maja-Theresa Dieterlen
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, HELIOS Clinic, Heart Center, University Hospital Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; (M.D.); (K.J.); (S.E.); (C.E.); (D.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.-T.D.)
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9
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Bigford GE, Donovan A, Webster MT, Dietrich WD, Nash MS. Selective Myostatin Inhibition Spares Sublesional Muscle Mass and Myopenia-Related Dysfunction after Severe Spinal Cord Contusion in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:3440-3455. [PMID: 34714134 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically relevant myopenia accompanies spinal cord injury (SCI), and compromises function, metabolism, body composition, and health. Myostatin, a transforming growth factor (TGF)β family member, is a key negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. We investigated inhibition of myostatin signaling using systemic delivery of a highly selective monoclonal antibody - muSRK-015P (40 mg/kg) - that blocks release of active growth factor from the latent form of myostatin. Adult female mice (C57BL/6) were subjected to a severe SCI (65 kdyn) at T9 and were then immediately and 1 week later administered test articles: muSRK-015P (40 mg/kg) or control (vehicle or IgG). A sham control group (laminectomy only) was included. At euthanasia, (2 weeks post-SCI) muSRK-015P preserved whole body lean mass and sublesional gastrocnemius and soleus mass. muSRK-015P-treated mice with SCI also had significantly attenuated myofiber atrophy, lipid infiltration, and loss of slow-oxidative phenotype in soleus muscle. These outcomes were accompanied by significantly improved sublesional motor function and muscle force production at 1 and 2 weeks post-SCI. At 2 weeks post-SCI, lean mass was significantly decreased in SCI-IgG mice, but was not different in SCI-muSRK-015P mice than in sham controls. Total energy expenditure (kCal/day) at 2 weeks post-SCI was lower in SCI-immunoglobulin (Ig)G mice, but not different in SCI-muSRK-015P mice than in sham controls. We conclude that in a randomized, blinded, and controlled study in mice, myostatin inhibition using muSRK-015P had broad effects on physical, metabolic, and functional outcomes when compared with IgG control treated SCI animals. These findings may identify a useful, targeted therapeutic strategy for treating post-SCI myopenia and related sequelae in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Bigford
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mark S Nash
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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10
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Tsitkanou S, Della Gatta PA, Abbott G, Wallace MA, Lindsay A, Gerlinger-Romero F, Walker AK, Foletta VC, Russell AP. miR-23a suppression accelerates functional decline in the rNLS8 mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105559. [PMID: 34774794 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction may contribute to the progression and severity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the present study, we characterized the skeletal muscle pathophysiology in an inducible transgenic mouse model (rNLS8) that develops a TAR-DNA binding protein (TDP-43) proteinopathy and ALS-like neuropathology and disease progression; representative of >90% of all familial and sporadic ALS cases. As we previously observed elevated levels of miR-23a in skeletal muscle of patients with familial and sporadic ALS, we also investigated the effect of miR-23a suppression on skeletal muscle pathophysiology and disease severity in rNLS8 mice. Five weeks after disease onset TDP-43 protein accumulation was observed in tibialis anterior (TA), quadriceps (QUAD) and diaphragm muscle lysates and associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. In the TA muscle TDP-43 was detected in muscle fibres that appeared atrophied and angular in appearance and that also contained β-amyloid aggregates. These fibres were also positive for neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), but not embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMHC), indicating TDP-43/ β-amyloid localization in denervated muscle fibres. There was an upregulation of genes associated with myogenesis and NMJ degeneration and a decrease in the MURF1 atrophy-related protein in skeletal muscle. Suppression of miR-23a impaired rotarod performance and grip strength and accelerated body weight loss during early stages of disease progression. This was associated with increased AchRα mRNA expression and decreased protein levels of PGC-1α. The TDP-43 proteinopathy-induced impairment of whole body and skeletal muscle functional performance is associated with muscle wasting and elevated myogenic and NMJ stress markers. Suppressing miR-23a in the rNLS8 mouse model of ALS contributes to an early acceleration of disease progression as measured by decline in motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Tsitkanou
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Marita A Wallace
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Frederico Gerlinger-Romero
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria C Foletta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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11
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An Overview of Physical Exercise and Antioxidant Supplementation Influences on Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101528. [PMID: 34679663 PMCID: PMC8532825 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the essential injuries caused by moderate to high-intensity and short-duration physical activities is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaging various body tissues such as skeletal muscle (SM). However, ROS is easily controlled by antioxidant defense systems during low to moderate intensity and long-term exercises. In stressful situations, antioxidant supplements are recommended to prevent ROS damage. We examined the response of SM to ROS generation during exercise using an antioxidant supplement treatment strategy in this study. The findings of this review research are paradoxical due to variances in antioxidant supplements dose and duration, intensity, length, frequency, types of exercise activities, and, in general, the lack of a regular exercise and nutrition strategy. As such, further research in this area is still being felt.
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12
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Pharmacologic approaches to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60:193-199. [PMID: 34461564 PMCID: PMC9190029 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a hallmark of severe spinal cord injury (SCI) that is precipitated by the neural insult and paralysis. Additionally, other factors may influence muscle loss, including systemic inflammation, low testosterone, low insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. The signaling cascades that drive SCI-induced muscle loss are common among most forms of disuse atrophy and include ubiquitin-proteasome signaling and others. However, differing magnitudes and patterns of atrophic signals exist after SCI versus other disuse conditions and are accompanied by endogenous inhibition of IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling, which combine to produce exceedingly rapid atrophy. Several well-established anabolic agents, including androgens and myostatin inhibitors, display diminished ability to prevent SCI-induced atrophy, while ursolic acid and β2-agonists more effectively attenuate muscle loss. Strategies combining physical rehabilitation regimens to reload the paralyzed limbs with drugs targeting the underlying molecular pathways hold the greatest potential to improve muscle recovery after severe SCI.
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13
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Peng Y, Li J, Luo D, Zhang S, Li S, Wang D, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang X, Sun C, Gao X, Hui Y, He R. Muscle atrophy induced by overexpression of ALAS2 is related to muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:9. [PMID: 33785075 PMCID: PMC8008657 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALAS2 (delta-aminolevulinate synthase 2) is one of the two isoenzymes catalyzing the synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which is the first precursor of heme synthesis. ALAS2-overexpressing transgenic mice (Tg mice) showed syndrome of porphyria, a series of diseases related to the heme anabolism deficiency. Tg mice showed an obvious decrease in muscle size. Muscle atrophy results from a decrease in protein synthesis and an increase in protein degradation, which ultimately leads to a decrease in myofiber size due to loss of contractile proteins, organelles, nuclei, and cytoplasm. METHODS The forelimb muscle grip strength of age-matched ALAS-2 transgenic mice (Tg mice) and wild-type mice (WT mice) were measured with an automated grip strength meter. The activities of serum LDH and CK-MB were measured by Modular DPP. The histology of skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius) was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscope. Real-time PCR was used to detect mtDNA content and UCP3 mRNA expression. Evans blue dye staining was used to detect the membrane damage of the muscle fiber. Single skeletal muscle fiber diameter was measured by single-fiber analyses. Muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were detected by a luminometric assay with an ATP assay kit. RESULTS Compared with WT mice, the strength of forelimb muscle and mass of gastrocnemius were decreased in Tg mice. The activities of serum CK-MB and LDH, the number of central nuclei fibers, and Evans blue positive fibers were more than those in WT mice, while the diameter of single fibers was smaller, which were associated with suppressed expression levels of MHC, myoD1, dystrophin, atrogin1, and MuRF1. Re-expression of eMyHC was only showed in the quadriceps of Tg mice, but not in WT mice. Muscle mitochondria in Tg mice showed dysfunction with descented ATP production and mtDNA content, downregulated UCP3 mRNA expression, and swelling of mitochondria. CONCLUSION ALAS2 overexpressing-transgenic mice (Tg mice) showed muscle dystrophy, which was associated with decreased atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, and closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-through Molecular Diagnostic Technology, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Xidi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Zhujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Yang Hui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China.
| | - Rongzhang He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-through Molecular Diagnostic Technology, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, China. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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14
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Razzaque MS, Atfi A. Regulatory Role of the Transcription Factor Twist1 in Cancer-Associated Muscle Cachexia. Front Physiol 2020; 11:662. [PMID: 32655411 PMCID: PMC7324683 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle cachexia is a catabolic response, usually takes place in various fatal diseases, such as sepsis, burn injury, and chronic kidney disease. Muscle cachexia is also a common co-morbidity seen in the vast majority of advanced cancer patients, often associated with low quality of life and death due to general organ dysfunction. The triggering events and underlying molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting are not yet clearly defined. Our recent study has shown that the ectopic expression of Twist1 in muscle progenitor cells is sufficient to drive muscle structural protein breakdown and attendant muscle atrophy, reminiscent of muscle cachexia. Intriguingly, muscle Twist1 expression is highly induced in cachectic muscles from several mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), raising the interesting possibility that Twist1 may mediate PDAC-driven muscle cachexia. Along these lines, both genetic and pharmacological inactivation of Twist1 function was highly significant at protecting against cancer cachexia, which translated into a significant survival benefit in the experimental PDAC animals. From a translational perspective, elevated expression of Twist1 is also detected in cancer patients with severe muscle wasting, implicating a role of Twist1 in cancer cachexia, and further providing a possible target for therapeutic attenuation of cachexia to improve cancer patient survival. In this article, we will briefly summarize how Twist1 acts as a master regulator of tumor-induced cachexia, and discuss the relevance of our findings to muscle wasting diseases in general. The mechanism of decreased muscle mass in various catabolic conditions is thought to rely on similar pathways, and, therefore, Twist1-induced cancer cachexia may benefit diverse groups of patients with clinical complications associated with loss of muscle mass and functions, beyond the expected benefits for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, United States
| | - Azeddine Atfi
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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15
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Xi J, Luo X, Wang Y, Li J, Guo L, Wu G, Li Q. Tetrahydrocurcumin protects against spinal cord injury and inhibits the oxidative stress response by regulating FOXO4 in model rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3681-3687. [PMID: 31602247 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that tetrahydrocurcumin has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-metastasis, anticancer and anti-depressant pharmacological effects, and its antioxidative, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties are better than those of curcumin. The present study assessed whether tetrahydrocurcumin exerts a neuroprotective effect against spinal cord injury (SCI) and investigated the underlying mechanisms. In a rat model of SCI, tetrahydrocurcumin enhanced the average Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores, inhibited water accumulation in the spinal cord and decreased inflammatory factors. Furthermore, oxidative stress and apoptosis (caspase-3 activity and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein levels) were also suppressed in SCI rats treated with tetrahydrocurcumin. Tetrahydrocurcumin effectively decreased the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -13, as well as cyclooxygenase-2, promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and enhanced the protein expression of forkhead box (FOX)O4 in SCI rats. The present study delineates that tetrahydrocurcumin protects against SCI and inhibits the oxidative stress response by regulating the FOXO4 in SCI model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Xi
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jinglong Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Guangseng Wu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Qingui Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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16
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Savikj M, Ruby MA, Kostovski E, Iversen PO, Zierath JR, Krook A, Widegren U. Retained differentiation capacity of human skeletal muscle satellite cells from spinal cord-injured individuals. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13739. [PMID: 29906337 PMCID: PMC6003643 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the well‐known role of satellite cells in skeletal muscle plasticity, the effect of spinal cord injury on their function in humans remains unknown. We determined whether spinal cord injury affects the intrinsic ability of satellite cells to differentiate and produce metabolically healthy myotubes. We obtained vastus lateralis biopsies from eight spinal cord‐injured and six able‐bodied individuals. Satellite cells were isolated, grown and differentiated in vitro. Gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR. Abundance of differentiation markers and regulatory proteins was determined by Western blotting. Protein synthesis and fatty acid oxidation were measured by radioactive tracer‐based assays. Activated satellite cells (myoblasts) and differentiated myotubes derived from skeletal muscle of able‐bodied and spinal cord‐injured individuals expressed similar (P > 0.05) mRNA levels of myogenic regulatory factors. Myogenic differentiation factor 1 expression was higher in myoblasts from spinal cord‐injured individuals. Desmin and myogenin protein content was increased upon differentiation in both groups, while myotubes from spinal cord‐injured individuals contained more type I and II myosin heavy chain. Phosphorylated and total protein levels of Akt‐mechanistic target of rapamycin and forkhead box protein O signalling axes and protein synthesis rate in myotubes were similar (P > 0.05) between groups. Additionally, fatty acid oxidation of myotubes from spinal cord‐injured individuals was unchanged (P > 0.05) compared to able‐bodied controls. Our results indicate that the intrinsic differentiation capacity of satellite cells and metabolic characteristics of myotubes are preserved following spinal cord injury. This may inform potential interventions targeting satellite cell activation to alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Savikj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Science Department, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maxwell A Ruby
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Emil Kostovski
- Science Department, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per O Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Widegren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Savikj M, Kostovski E, Lundell LS, Iversen PO, Massart J, Widegren U. Altered oxidative stress and antioxidant defence in skeletal muscle during the first year following spinal cord injury. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14218. [PMID: 31456346 PMCID: PMC6712236 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress promotes protein degradation and apoptosis in skeletal muscle undergoing atrophy. We aimed to determine whether spinal cord injury leads to changes in oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and apoptotic signaling in human skeletal muscle during the first year after spinal cord injury. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained from seven individuals 1, 3, and 12 months after spinal cord injury and from seven able-bodied controls. Protein content of enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species production and detoxification, and apoptotic signaling were analyzed by western blot. Protein carbonylation and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts were measured as markers of oxidative damage. Glutathione content was determined fluorometrically. Protein content of NADPH oxidase 2, xanthine oxidase, and pro-caspase-3 was increased at 1 and 3 months after spinal cord injury compared to able-bodied controls. Furthermore, total and reduced glutathione content was increased at 1 and 3 months after spinal cord injury. Conversely, mitochondrial complexes and superoxide dismutase 2 protein content were decreased 12 months after spinal cord injury compared to able-bodied controls. In conclusion, we provide indirect evidence of increased reactive oxygen species production and increased apoptotic signaling at 1 and 3 months after spinal cord injury. Concomitant increases in glutathione antioxidant defences may reflect adaptations poised to maintain redox homeostasis in skeletal muscle following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Kostovski
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of ResearchSunnaas Rehabilitation HospitalNesoddenNorway
| | - Leonidas S. Lundell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative PhysiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Per O. Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of HaematologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative PhysiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Ulrika Widegren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative PhysiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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18
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AHCC Supplementation Attenuates Muscle Atrophy via Akt Activation in Hindlimb-suspended Rat. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Hwang DH, Park HH, Shin HY, Cui Y, Kim BG. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Dictates Beneficial Effects of Treadmill Training by Regulating Survival and Migration of Neural Stem Cell Grafts in the Injured Spinal Cord. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:489-507. [PMID: 30636901 PMCID: PMC6318559 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.6.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival and migration of transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) are prerequisites for therapeutic benefits in spinal cord injury. We have shown that survival of NSC grafts declines after transplantation into the injured spinal cord, and that combining treadmill training (TMT) enhances NSC survival via insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Here, we aimed to obtain genetic evidence that IGF-1 signaling in the transplanted NSCs determines the beneficial effects of TMT. We transplanted NSCs heterozygous (+/-) for Igf1r, the gene encoding IGF-1 receptor, into the mouse spinal cord after injury, with or without combining TMT. We analyzed the influence of genotype and TMT on locomotor recovery and survival and migration of NSC grafts. In vitro experiments were performed to examine the potential roles of IGF-1 signaling in the migratory ability of NSCs. Mice receiving +/- NSC grafts showed impaired locomotor recovery compared with those receiving wild-type (+/+) NSCs. Locomotor improvement by TMT was more pronounced with +/+ grafts. Deficiency of one allele of Igf1r significantly reduced survival and migration of the transplanted NSCs. Although TMT did not significantly influence NSC survival, it substantially enhanced the extent of migration for only +/+ NSCs. Cultured neurospheres exhibited dynamic motility with cytoplasmic protrusions, which was regulated by IGF-1 signaling. IGF-1 signaling in transplanted NSCs may be essential in regulating their survival and migration. Furthermore, TMT may promote NSC graft-mediated locomotor recovery via activation of IGF-1 signaling in transplanted NSCs. Dynamic NSC motility via IGF-1 signaling may be the cellular basis for the TMT-induced enhancement of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Hwang
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hee Hwan Park
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hae Young Shin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Logos Biosystems, Anyang 14055, Korea
| | - Yuexian Cui
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133000, Jilin, China
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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20
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Gorgey AS, Witt O, O’Brien L, Cardozo C, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Graham ZA. Mitochondrial health and muscle plasticity after spinal cord injury. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:315-331. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Bigford GE, Darr AJ, Bracchi-Ricard VC, Gao H, Nash MS, Bethea JR. Effects of ursolic acid on sub-lesional muscle pathology in a contusion model of spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203042. [PMID: 30157245 PMCID: PMC6114926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) results in severe sub-lesional muscle atrophy and fiber type transformation from slow oxidative to fast glycolytic, both contributing to functional deficits and maladaptive metabolic profiles. Therapeutic countermeasures have had limited success and muscle-related pathology remains a clinical priority. mTOR signaling is known to play a critical role in skeletal muscle growth and metabolism, and signal integration of anabolic and catabolic pathways. Recent studies show that the natural compound ursolic acid (UA) enhances mTOR signaling intermediates, independently inhibiting atrophy and inducing hypertrophy. Here, we examine the effects of UA treatment on sub-lesional muscle mTOR signaling, catabolic genes, and functional deficits following severe SCI in mice. We observe that UA treatment significantly attenuates SCI induced decreases in activated forms of mTOR, and signaling intermediates PI3K, AKT, and S6K, and the upregulation of catabolic genes including FOXO1, MAFbx, MURF-1, and PSMD11. In addition, UA treatment improves SCI induced deficits in body and sub-lesional muscle mass, as well as functional outcomes related to muscle function, motor coordination, and strength. These findings provide evidence that UA treatment may be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve muscle-specific pathological consequences of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E. Bigford
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Darr
- Department of Health Sciences Education, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Han Gao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Nash
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - John R. Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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22
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Cardozo CP. Muscle biology after spinal cord injury: Recent advances and future challenges. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13073. [PMID: 29637698 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C P Cardozo
- Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Lundell LS, Savikj M, Kostovski E, Iversen PO, Zierath JR, Krook A, Chibalin AV, Widegren U. Protein translation, proteolysis and autophagy in human skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13051. [PMID: 29423932 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Spinal cord injury-induced loss of skeletal muscle mass does not progress linearly. In humans, peak muscle loss occurs during the first 6 weeks postinjury, and gradually continues thereafter. The aim of this study was to delineate the regulatory events underlying skeletal muscle atrophy during the first year following spinal cord injury. METHODS Key translational, autophagic and proteolytic proteins were analysed by immunoblotting of human vastus lateralis muscle obtained 1, 3 and 12 months following spinal cord injury. Age-matched able-bodied control subjects were also studied. RESULTS Several downstream targets of Akt signalling decreased after spinal cord injury in skeletal muscle, without changes in resting Akt Ser473 and Akt Thr308 phosphorylation or total Akt protein. Abundance of mTOR protein and mTOR Ser2448 phosphorylation, as well as FOXO1 Ser256 phosphorylation and FOXO3 protein, decreased in response to spinal cord injury, coincident with attenuated protein abundance of E3 ubiquitin ligases, MuRF1 and MAFbx. S6 protein and Ser235/236 phosphorylation, as well as 4E-BP1 Thr37/46 phosphorylation, increased transiently after spinal cord injury, indicating higher levels of protein translation early after injury. Protein abundance of LC3-I and LC3-II decreased 3 months postinjury as compared with 1 month postinjury, but not compared to able-bodied control subjects, indicating lower levels of autophagy. Proteins regulating proteasomal degradation were stably increased in response to spinal cord injury. CONCLUSION Together, these data provide indirect evidence suggesting that protein translation and autophagy transiently increase, while whole proteolysis remains stably higher in skeletal muscle within the first year after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. S. Lundell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Section for Integrative Physiology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Savikj
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Section for Integrative Physiology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Research; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital; Nesoddtangen Norway
| | - E. Kostovski
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Research; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital; Nesoddtangen Norway
| | - P. O. Iversen
- Department of Nutrition; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Hematology; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - J. R. Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Section for Integrative Physiology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Section for Integrative Physiology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Section for Integrative Physiology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. V. Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Section for Integrative Physiology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - U. Widegren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Section for Integrative Physiology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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24
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Otzel DM, Lee J, Ye F, Borst SE, Yarrow JF. Activity-Based Physical Rehabilitation with Adjuvant Testosterone to Promote Neuromuscular Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061701. [PMID: 29880749 PMCID: PMC6032131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular impairment and reduced musculoskeletal integrity are hallmarks of spinal cord injury (SCI) that hinder locomotor recovery. These impairments are precipitated by the neurological insult and resulting disuse, which has stimulated interest in activity-based physical rehabilitation therapies (ABTs) that promote neuromuscular plasticity after SCI. However, ABT efficacy declines as SCI severity increases. Additionally, many men with SCI exhibit low testosterone, which may exacerbate neuromusculoskeletal impairment. Incorporating testosterone adjuvant to ABTs may improve musculoskeletal recovery and neuroplasticity because androgens attenuate muscle loss and the slow-to-fast muscle fiber-type transition after SCI, in a manner independent from mechanical strain, and promote motoneuron survival. These neuromusculoskeletal benefits are promising, although testosterone alone produces only limited functional improvement in rodent SCI models. In this review, we discuss the (1) molecular deficits underlying muscle loss after SCI; (2) independent influences of testosterone and locomotor training on neuromuscular function and musculoskeletal integrity post-SCI; (3) hormonal and molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of these strategies; and (4) evidence supporting a multimodal strategy involving ABT with adjuvant testosterone, as a potential means to promote more comprehensive neuromusculoskeletal recovery than either strategy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Otzel
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Fan Ye
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Stephen E Borst
- Department of Applied Physiology, Kinesiology and University of Florida College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Joshua F Yarrow
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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25
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Frank LR, Roynard PFP. Veterinary Neurologic Rehabilitation: The Rationale for a Comprehensive Approach. Top Companion Anim Med 2018; 33:49-57. [PMID: 30236409 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The increase in client willingness to pursue surgical procedures, the heightened perceived value of veterinary patients, and the desire to provide comprehensive medical care have driven the recent demand of using an integrative treatment approach in veterinary rehabilitation. Physical therapy following neurologic injury has been the standard of care in human medicine for decades, whereas similar rehabilitation techniques have only recently been adapted and utilized in veterinary medicine. Spinal cord injury is the most common neurologic disease currently addressed by veterinary rehabilitation specialists and will be the primary focus of this review; however, research in other neurologic conditions will also be discussed. Of particular interest, to clients and veterinarians are techniques and modalities used to promote functional recovery after neurologic injury, which can mean the difference between life and death for many veterinary patients. The trend in human neurologic rehabilitation, often regardless of etiology, is a multimodal approach to therapy. Evidence supports faster and improved recoveries in people after neurologic injury using a combination of rehabilitation techniques. Although the primary neurological disorders researched tend to be spinal cord injury, peripheral neuropathies, allodynia, multiple sclerosis, and strokes-many correlations can be made to common veterinary neurological disorders. Such comprehensive protocols entail gait training activities in combination with neuromuscular electrical stimulation and directed exercises. Additionally, pain-relieving and functional benefits are bolstered when acupuncture is used in addition to rehabilitation. Studies, both laboratory and clinical, support the use of acupuncture in the management of neurologic conditions in small animals, specifically in cases of intervertebral disc disease, other myelopathies, and neuropathic pain conditions. Acupuncture's ability to promote analgesia, stimulate trophic factors, and decrease inflammation, including neuroinflammation, make it an alluring adjunct therapy after neurologic injury. Although there is limited research in veterinary medicine on physical techniques that expedite recovery after neurologic injury, there are sparse publications on clinical veterinary research suggesting the benefits of acupuncture, rehabilitation, and LASER in dogs with intervertebral disk disease. Accordingly, due to the relative lack of evidence-based studies in veterinary neurologic rehabilitation, much of the data available is human or laboratory-animal based, however, evidence supports the utilization of an early, comprehensive treatment protocol for optimal neurologic recovery. The rationale for why an integrative approach is critical will be detailed in this review; in addition, literature on specific physical rehabilitation techniques that have evidence of improved recoveries after neurologic injury, will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Frank
- Physical Rehabilitation and Acupuncture Service, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY, USA
| | - Patrick F P Roynard
- Neurology/Neurosurgery Department, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY, USA; Fipapharm, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
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26
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Locomotor Treadmill Training Promotes Soleus Trophism by Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Paraplegic Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1258-1268. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Lim JM, Lee YJ, Cho HR, Park DC, Jung GW, Ku SK, Choi JS. Extracellular polysaccharides purified from Aureobasidium pullulans SM‑2001 (Polycan) inhibit dexamethasone‑induced muscle atrophy in mice. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1245-1264. [PMID: 29138805 PMCID: PMC5819910 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the beneficial skeletal muscle‑preserving effects of extracellular polysaccharides from Aureobasidium pullulans SM‑2001 (Polycan) (EAP) on dexamethasone (DEXA)‑induced catabolic muscle atrophy in mice. To investigate whether EAP prevented catabolic DEXA‑induced muscle atrophy, and to examine its mechanisms of action, EAP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally, once a day for 24 days. EAP treatment was initiated 2 weeks prior to DEXA treatment (1 mg/kg, once a day for 10 days) in mice. Body weight alterations, serum biochemistry, calf thickness, calf muscle strength, gastrocnemius muscle thickness and weight, gastrocnemius muscle antioxidant defense parameters, gastrocnemius muscle mRNA expression, histology and histomorphometry were subsequently assessed. After 24 days, DEXA control mice exhibited muscle atrophy according to all criteria indices. However, these muscle atrophy symptoms were significantly inhibited by oral treatment with all three doses of EAP. Regarding possible mechanisms of action, EAP exhibited favorable ameliorating effects on DEXA‑induced catabolic muscle atrophy via antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects; these effects were mediated by modulation of the expression of genes involved in muscle protein synthesis (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase, adenosine A1 receptor and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4) and degradation (atrogin‑1, muscle RING‑finger protein‑1, myostatin and sirtuin 1). Therefore, these results indicated that EAP may be helpful in improving muscle atrophies of various etiologies. EAP at 400 mg/kg exhibited favorable muscle protective effects against DEXA‑induced catabolic muscle atrophy, comparable with the effects of oxymetholone (50 mg/kg), which has been used to treat various muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Lim
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | | | - Hyung-Rae Cho
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | - Dong-Chan Park
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | - Go-Woon Jung
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
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28
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de Freitas GR, Santo CCDE, de Machado-Pereira NAMM, Bobinski F, Dos Santos ARS, Ilha J. Early Cyclical Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Improves Strength and Trophism by Akt Pathway Signaling in Partially Paralyzed Biceps Muscle After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Phys Ther 2018; 98:172-181. [PMID: 29240948 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzx116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation is often used to treat weakness in people with spinal cord injury (SCI); however its efficacy for increasing strength and trophism is weak, and the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits are unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on muscle function, trophism, and the Akt pathway signaling involved in muscular plasticity after incomplete SCI in rats. DESIGN This was an experimental study. METHODS Twenty-one adult female Wistar rats were divided into sham, SCI, and SCI plus NMES groups. In injured animals, SCI hemisection was induced by a surgical procedure at the C5-C7 level. The 5-week NMES protocol consisted of biceps brachii muscle stimulation 5 times per week, initiated 48 h after injury. Forepaw function and strength, biceps muscle trophism, and the expression of phosphorylated Akt, p70S6K, and GSK-3ß cellular anabolic pathway markers in stimulated muscle tissue were assessed. RESULTS There was an increase in bicep muscle strength in the NMES group compared with the untreated SCI group, from postoperative day 21 until the end of the evaluation period. Also, there was an increase in muscle trophism in the NMES group compared with the SCI group. Forelimb function gradually recovered in both the SCI group and the NMES group, with no differences between them. Regarding muscle protein expression, the NMES group had higher values for phospho-Akt, phospho-p70S6K, and phospho-GSK-3ß than did the SCI group. LIMITATIONS The experimental findings were limited to an animal model of incomplete SCI and may not be fully generalizable to humans. CONCLUSIONS Early cyclical NMES therapy was shown to increase muscle strength and induce hypertrophy after incomplete SCI in a rat model, probably by increasing phospho-Akt, phospho-p70S6K, and phospho-GSK-3ß signaling protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R de Freitas
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Lesão Medular (Core of Spinal Cord Injury Research) (NULEME), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia (PPGFt), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Caroline C do Espírito Santo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Lesão Medular (NULEME), Laboratório Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação (Neurobiology Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation) (LANDI), Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nicolas A M M de Machado-Pereira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Lesão Medular (NULEME), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC)
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Lesão Medular (NULEME), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia (PPGFt), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Dos Santos
- Laboratório Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação (LANDI), Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)
| | - Jocemar Ilha
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Lesão Medular (NULEME), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia (PPGFt), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Pascoal Simone, 358-Coqueiros, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP 88080-350, Brazil
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29
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Yarar-Fisher C, Polston KFL, Eraslan M, Henley KY, Kinikli GI, Bickel CS, Windham ST, McLain AB, Oster RA, Bamman MM. Paralytic and nonparalytic muscle adaptations to exercise training versus high-protein diet in individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:64-72. [PMID: 29494292 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01029.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compares the effects of an 8-wk isocaloric high-protein (HP) diet versus a combination exercise (Comb-Ex) regimen on paralytic vastus lateralis (VL) and nonparalytic deltoid muscle in individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury (SCI). Fiber-type distribution, cross-sectional area (CSA), levels of translation initiation signaling proteins (Erk-1/2, Akt, p70S6K1, 4EBP1, RPS6, and FAK), and lean thigh mass were analyzed at baseline and after the 8-wk interventions. A total of 11 participants (C5-T12 levels, 21.8 ± 6.3 yr postinjury; 6 Comb-Ex and 5 HP diet) completed the study. Comb-Ex training occurred 3 days/wk and consisted of upper body resistance training (RT) in addition to neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-induced-RT for paralytic VL muscle. Strength training was combined with high-intensity arm-cranking exercises (1-min intervals at 85-90%, V̇o2peak) for improving cardiovascular endurance. For the HP diet intervention, protein and fat each comprised 30%, and carbohydrate comprised 40% of total energy. Clinical tests and muscle biopsies were performed 24 h before and after the last exercise or diet session. The Comb-Ex intervention increased Type IIa myofiber distribution and CSA in VL muscle and Type I and IIa myofiber CSA in deltoid muscle. In addition, Comb-Ex increased lean thigh mass, V̇o2peak, and upper body strength ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that exercise training is required to promote favorable changes in paralytic and nonparalytic muscles in individuals with long-standing SCI, and adequate dietary protein consumption alone may not be sufficient to ameliorate debilitating effects of paralysis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to directly compare the effects of an isocaloric high-protein diet and combination exercise training on clinical and molecular changes in paralytic and nonparalytic muscles of individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury. Our results demonstrated that muscle growth and fiber-type alterations can best be achieved when the paralyzed muscle is sufficiently loaded via neuromuscular electrical stimulation-induced resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Yarar-Fisher
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Keith F L Polston
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine , Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mualla Eraslan
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kathryn Y Henley
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gizem I Kinikli
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - C Scott Bickel
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Samford University , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Samuel T Windham
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amie B McLain
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robert A Oster
- Department of Medicine/Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama
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30
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Lu H, Zhang LH, Yang L, Tang PF. The PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a pathway regulates regeneration following spinal cord injury in adult rats through TNF-α and p27kip1 expression. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2832-2838. [PMID: 29436581 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the expression and role of the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt/forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) pathway in the regeneration of the spinal cord following spinal cord injury (SCI), and its regulatory effect on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27kip1) expression. Firstly, in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of SCI, western blot analysis revealed that the protein levels of PI3K, phosphorylated Akt and FOXO3a were markedly inhibited compared with those in the sham control group. In vitro experiments were also conducted, in which primary dissociated cultures of rat dorsal spinal cord cells were induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 4 µg/ml). The downregulation of PI3K using LY294002 markedly suppressed cell viability, reduced the protein levels of FOXO3a and p27kip1, and increased TNF-α protein production in the LPS-induced spinal cord cells. In addition, when the LPS-induced spinal cord cells were infected with FOXO3a adenoviral vectors, the overexpression of FOXO3 markedly promoted cell proliferation, activated p27kip1 protein levels and inhibited TNF-α protein production in the spinal cord cells. These results suggest that the PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a pathway regulates regeneration following SCI in adult rats via its modulatory effects on TNF-α and p27kip1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Beijing Municipal Corps, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100141, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Fu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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The Role of IGF-1 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:109-137. [PMID: 30390250 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a key anabolic growth factor stimulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling which is well known for regulating muscle hypertrophy. However, the role of IGF-1 in muscle atrophy is less clear. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms via which IGF-1 signaling is implicated in several conditions of muscle atrophy and via which mechanisms protein turnover is altered. IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling stimulates the rate of protein synthesis via p70S6Kinase and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase and negatively regulates protein degradation, predominantly by its inhibiting effect on proteasomal and lysosomal protein degradation. Caspase-dependent protein degradation is also attenuated by IGF/PI3K/Akt signaling, whereas evidence for an effect on calpain-dependent protein degradation is inconclusive. IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling reduces during denervation-, unloading-, and joint immobilization-induced muscle atrophy, whereas IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling seems unaltered during aging-associated muscle atrophy. During denervation and aging, IGF-1 overexpression or injection counteracts denervation- and aging-associated muscle atrophy, despite enhanced anabolic resistance with regard to IGF-1 signaling with aging. It remains unclear whether pharmacological stimulation of IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling attenuates immobilization- or unloading-induced muscle atrophy. Exploration of the possibilities to interfere with IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling reveals that microRNAs targeting IGF-1 signaling components are promising targets to counterbalance muscle atrophy. Overall, the findings summarized in this review show that in disuse conditions, but not with aging, IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling is attenuated and that in some conditions stimulation of this pathway may alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Mettler JA, Bennett SM, Doucet BM, Magee DM. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Anabolic Signaling in Patients with Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2954-2963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Resistance training regulates gene expression of molecules associated with intramyocellular lipids, glucose signaling and fiber size in old rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8593. [PMID: 28819168 PMCID: PMC5561018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a complex multifactorial process, some of which involves fat infiltration. Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation is postulated to play a role on sarcopenia during aging, which is believed to be due alterations in glucose homeostasis in the skeletal muscle. Sarcopenia, along with intramuscular lipids, is associated with physical inactivity. Resistance training (RT) has been indicated to minimize the age-induced muscle skeletal adaptations. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of RT on mRNA levels of regulatory components related to intramyocellular lipid, glucose metabolism and fiber size in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of aged rats. Old male rats were submitted to RT (ladder climbing, progressive load, 3 times a week for 12 weeks). Age-induced accumulation of IMCL was attenuated by RT, which was linked to a PPARy-mediated mechanism, concomitant to enhanced regulatory components of glucose homeostasis (GLUT-4, G6PDH, Hk-2 and Gly-Syn-1). These responses were also linked to decreased catabolic (TNF-α, TWEAK/Fn14 axis; FOXO-1, Atrogin-1 and MuRF1; Myostatin) and increased anabolic intracellular pathways (IGF-1-mTOR-p70S6sk-1 axis; MyoD) in muscles of trained aged rats. Our results point out the importance of RT on modulation of gene expression of intracellular regulators related to age-induced morphological and metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle.
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Cortez-Toledo O, Schnair C, Sangngern P, Metzger D, Chao LC. Nur77 deletion impairs muscle growth during developmental myogenesis and muscle regeneration in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171268. [PMID: 28170423 PMCID: PMC5295706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a prevalent condition in illness and aging. Identifying novel pathways that control muscle mass may lead to therapeutic advancement. We previously identified Nur77 as a transcriptional regulator of glycolysis in skeletal muscle. More recently, we showed that Nur77 expression also controls myofiber size in mice. It was unknown, however, whether Nur77’s regulation of muscle size begins during developmental myogenesis or only in adulthood. To determine the importance of Nur77 throughout muscle growth, we examined myofiber size at E18.5, 3 weeks postnatal age, and in young adult mice. Using the global Nur77-/- mice, we showed that Nur77 deficiency reduced myofiber size as early as E18.5. The reduction in myofiber size became more pronounced by 3 weeks of age. We observed comparable reduction in myofiber size in young myofiber-specific Nur77-knockout mice. These findings suggest that Nur77’s effect on muscle growth is intrinsic to its expression in differentiating myofibers, and not dependent on its expression in myogenic stem cells. To determine the importance of Nur77 expression in muscle accretion in mature mice, we generated an inducible-, muscle-specific, Nur77-deficient mouse model. We demonstrated that tamoxifen-induced deletion of Nur77 in 3-month-old mice reduced myofiber size. This change was accompanied by increased activity of Smad2 and FoxO3, two negative regulators of muscle mass. The role of Nur77 in muscle growth was further elaborated in the cardiotoxin-induced muscle regeneration model. Compared to wildtype mice, regenerated myofibers were smaller in Nur77-/- mice. However, when normalized to saline-injected muscle, the recovery of sarcoplasmic area was comparable between Nur77-/- and wildtype mice. These findings suggest that Nur77 deficiency compromises myofiber growth, but not the regenerative capacity of myogenic progenitor cells. Collectively, the findings presented here demonstrate Nur77 as an important regulator of muscle growth both during prenatal and postnatal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Cortez-Toledo
- The Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Schnair
- The Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Peer Sangngern
- The Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Lily C. Chao
- The Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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O'Neill BT, Lee KY, Klaus K, Softic S, Krumpoch MT, Fentz J, Stanford KI, Robinson MM, Cai W, Kleinridders A, Pereira RO, Hirshman MF, Abel ED, Accili D, Goodyear LJ, Nair KS, Kahn CR. Insulin and IGF-1 receptors regulate FoxO-mediated signaling in muscle proteostasis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3433-46. [PMID: 27525440 DOI: 10.1172/jci86522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes strongly impacts protein metabolism, particularly in skeletal muscle. Insulin and IGF-1 enhance muscle protein synthesis through their receptors, but the relative roles of each in muscle proteostasis have not been fully elucidated. Using mice with muscle-specific deletion of the insulin receptor (M-IR-/- mice), the IGF-1 receptor (M-IGF1R-/- mice), or both (MIGIRKO mice), we assessed the relative contributions of IR and IGF1R signaling to muscle proteostasis. In differentiated muscle, IR expression predominated over IGF1R expression, and correspondingly, M-IR-/- mice displayed a moderate reduction in muscle mass whereas M-IGF1R-/- mice did not. However, these receptors serve complementary roles, such that double-knockout MIGIRKO mice displayed a marked reduction in muscle mass that was linked to increases in proteasomal and autophagy-lysosomal degradation, accompanied by a high-protein-turnover state. Combined muscle-specific deletion of FoxO1, FoxO3, and FoxO4 in MIGIRKO mice reversed increased autophagy and completely rescued muscle mass without changing proteasomal activity. These data indicate that signaling via IR is more important than IGF1R in controlling proteostasis in differentiated muscle. Nonetheless, the overlap of IR and IGF1R signaling is critical to the regulation of muscle protein turnover, and this regulation depends on suppression of FoxO-regulated, autophagy-mediated protein degradation.
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Gallagher IJ, Jacobi C, Tardif N, Rooyackers O, Fearon K. Omics/systems biology and cancer cachexia. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 54:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Yarar-Fisher C, Bickel CS, Kelly NA, Stec MJ, Windham ST, McLain AB, Oster RA, Bamman MM. Heightened TWEAK-NF-κB signaling and inflammation-associated fibrosis in paralyzed muscles of men with chronic spinal cord injury. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E754-61. [PMID: 26931128 PMCID: PMC4888537 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00240.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury (SCI) often present with extreme muscle atrophy and impaired glucose metabolism at both the skeletal muscle and whole body level. Persistent inflammation and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the skeletal muscle are potential contributors to dysregulation of glucose metabolism and atrophy; however, to date no study has assessed the effects of long-standing SCI on their expression or intracellular signaling in the paralyzed muscle. In the present study, we assessed the expression of genes (TNFαR, TNFα, IL-6R, IL-6, TWEAK, TWEAK R, atrogin-1, and MuRF1) and abundance of intracellular signaling proteins (TWEAK, TWEAK R, NF-κB, and p-p65/p-50/105) that are known to mediate inflammation and atrophy in skeletal muscle. In addition, based on the effects of muscle inflammation on promotion of skeletal muscle fibrosis, we assessed the degree of fibrosis between myofibers and fascicles in both groups. For further insight into the distribution and variability of muscle fiber size, we also analyzed the frequency distribution of SCI fiber size. Resting vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsy samples were taken from 11 men with long-standing SCI (≈22 yr) and compared with VL samples from 11 able-bodied men of similar age. Our results demonstrated that chronic SCI muscle has heightened TNFαR and TWEAK R gene expression and NF-κB signaling (higher TWEAK R and phospho-NF-κB p65) and fibrosis, along with substantial myofiber size heterogeneity, compared with able-bodied individuals. Our data suggest that the TWEAK/TWEAK R/NF-κB signaling pathway may be an important mediator of chronic inflammation and fibrotic adaptation in SCI muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Yarar-Fisher
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - C Scott Bickel
- Physical Therapy, UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Neil A Kelly
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Michael J Stec
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Samuel T Windham
- Surgery, and UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Amie B McLain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Robert A Oster
- Medicine/Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Medicine/Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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38
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Su Q, Tao W, Wang H, Chen Y, Huang H, Chen G. Umbelliferone attenuates unpredictable chronic mild stress induced-insulin resistance in rats. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:403-9. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience; School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience; School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience; School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Huang Huang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience; School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience; School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
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Litwiniuk A, Pijet B, Pijet-Kucicka M, Gajewska M, Pająk B, Orzechowski A. FOXO1 and GSK-3β Are Main Targets of Insulin-Mediated Myogenesis in C2C12 Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146726. [PMID: 26785133 PMCID: PMC4718532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis and muscle hypertrophy account for muscle growth and adaptation to work overload, respectively. In adults, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulate muscle growth, although their links with cellular energy homeostasis are not fully explained. Insulin plays critical role in the control of mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle cells, and mitochondria are essential for insulin action. The aim of this study was to elucidate molecular mechanism(s) involved in mitochondrial control of insulin-dependent myogenesis. The effects of several metabolic inhibitors (LY294002, PD98059, SB216763, LiCl, rotenone, oligomycin) on the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts in culture were examined in the short-term (hours) and long-term (days) experiments. Muscle cell viability and mitogenicity were monitored and confronted with the activities of selected genes and proteins expression. These indices focus on the roles of insulin, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) on myogenesis using a combination of treatments and inhibitors. Long-term insulin (10 nM) treatment in “normoglycemic” conditions led to increased myogenin expression and accelerated myogenesis in C2C12 cells. Insulin-dependent myogenesis was accompanied by the rise of mtTFA, MtSSB, Mfn2, and mitochondrially encoded Cox-1 gene expressions and elevated levels of proteins which control functions of mitochondria (kinase—PKB/AKT, mitofusin 2 protein—Mfn-2). Insulin, via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/AKT-dependent pathway reduced transcription factor FOXO1 activity and altered GSK-3β phosphorylation status. Once FOXO1 and GSK-3β activities were inhibited the rise in Cox-1 gene action and nuclear encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX IV) expressions were observed, even though some mRNA and protein results varied. In contrast to SB216763, LiCl markedly elevated Mfn2 and COX IV protein expression levels when given together with insulin. Thus, inhibition of GSK-3β activity by insulin alone or together with LiCl raised the expression of genes and some proteins central to the metabolic activity of mitochondria resulting in higher ATP synthesis and accelerated myogenesis. The results of this study indicate that there are at least two main targets in insulin-mediated myogenesis: notably FOXO1 and GSK-3β both playing apparent negative role in muscle fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Litwiniuk
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Pijet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maja Pijet-Kucicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pająk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.,Electron Microscopy Platform, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Orzechowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.,Electron Microscopy Platform, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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40
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Boon H, Sjögren RJO, Massart J, Egan B, Kostovski E, Iversen PO, Hjeltnes N, Chibalin AV, Widegren U, Zierath JR. MicroRNA-208b progressively declines after spinal cord injury in humans and is inversely related to myostatin expression. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12622. [PMID: 26603456 PMCID: PMC4673649 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of long-term physical inactivity on the expression of microRNAs involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in humans are largely unknown. MicroRNAs are short, noncoding RNAs that fine-tune target expression through mRNA degradation or by inhibiting protein translation. Intronic to the slow, type I, muscle fiber type genes MYH7 and MYH7b, microRNA-208b and microRNA-499-5p are thought to fine-tune the expression of genes important for muscle growth, such as myostatin. Spinal cord injured humans are characterized by both skeletal muscle atrophy and transformation toward fast-twitch, type II fibers. We determined the expression of microRNA-208b, microRNA-499-5p, and myostatin in human skeletal muscle after complete cervical spinal cord injury. We also determined whether these microRNAs altered myostatin expression in rodent skeletal muscle. A progressive decline in skeletal muscle microRNA-208b and microRNA-499-5p expression occurred in humans during the first year after spinal cord injury and with long-standing spinal cord injury. Expression of myostatin was inversely correlated with microRNA-208b and microRNA-499-5p in human skeletal muscle after spinal cord injury. Overexpression of microRNA-208b in intact mouse skeletal muscle decreased myostatin expression, whereas microRNA-499-5p was without effect. In conclusion, we provide evidence for an inverse relationship between expression of microRNA-208b and its previously validated target myostatin in humans with severe skeletal muscle atrophy. Moreover, we provide direct evidence that microRNA-208b overexpression decreases myostatin gene expression in intact rodent muscle. Our results implicate that microRNA-208b modulates myostatin expression and this may play a role in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Boon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasmus J O Sjögren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brendan Egan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil Kostovski
- Section for Spinal Cord Injury, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per O Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Hjeltnes
- Section for Spinal Cord Injury, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Widegren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Thakore NP, Samantaray S, Park S, Nozaki K, Smith JA, Cox A, Krause J, Banik NL. Molecular Changes in Sub-lesional Muscle Following Acute Phase of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:44-52. [PMID: 26290268 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the molecular changes of sublesional muscle in the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI), a moderately severe injury (40 g cm) was induced in the spinal cord (T10 vertebral level) of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (injury) and compared with sham (laminectomy only). Rats were sacrificed at 48 h (acute) post injury, and gastrocnemius muscles were excised. Morphological examination revealed no significant changes in the muscle fiber diameter between the sham and injury rats. Western blot analyses performed on the visibly red, central portion of the gastrocnemius muscle showed significantly higher expression of muscle specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (muscle ring finger-1 and muscle atrophy f-box) and significantly lower expression of phosphorylated Akt-1/2/3 in the injury group compared to the sham group. Cyclooxygenase 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and caspase-1, also had a significantly higher expression in the injury group; although, the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 did not show any significant difference between the sham and injury groups. These results suggest activation of protein degradation, deactivation of protein synthesis, and development of inflammatory reaction occurring in the sublesional muscles in the acute phase of SCI before overt muscle atrophy is seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul P Thakore
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Sookyoung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Departmentof Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Kenkichi Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua A Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - April Cox
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - James Krause
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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42
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Mobley CB, Hornberger TA, Fox CD, Healy JC, Ferguson BS, Lowery RP, McNally RM, Lockwood CM, Stout JR, Kavazis AN, Wilson JM, Roberts MD. Effects of oral phosphatidic acid feeding with or without whey protein on muscle protein synthesis and anabolic signaling in rodent skeletal muscle. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015; 12:32. [PMID: 26279644 PMCID: PMC4537536 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-015-0094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a diacyl-glycerophospholipid that acts as a signaling molecule in numerous cellular processes. Recently, PA has been proposed to stimulate skeletal muscle protein accretion, but mechanistic studies are lacking. Furthermore, it is unknown whether co-ingesting PA with other leucine-containing ingredients can enhance intramuscular anabolic signaling mechanisms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine if oral PA feeding acutely increases anabolic signaling markers and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in gastrocnemius with and without whey protein concentrate (WPC). Methods Overnight fasted male Wistar rats (~250 g) were randomly assigned to four groups: control (CON, n = 6-13), PA (29 mg; n = 8), WPC (197 mg; n = 8), or PA + WPC (n = 8). Three hours post-feeding, gastrocnemius muscle was removed for markers of Akt-mTOR signaling, gene expression patterns related to skeletal muscle mass regulation and metabolism, and MPS analysis via the SUnSET method. Results Compared to CON rats, PA, WPC and PA + WPC resulted in a significant elevation in the phosphorylation of mTOR (Ser2481) and rps6 (Ser235/236) (p < 0.05) in the gastrocnemius though there were no differences between the supplemented groups. MPS levels in the gastrocnemius were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in WPC versus CON rats, and tended to be elevated in PA versus CON rats (p = 0.08), though MPS was less in PA + WPC versus WPC rats (p < 0.05) in spite of robust increases in mTOR pathway activity markers in the former group. C2C12 myoblast data agreed with the in vivo data herein showing that PA increased MPS levels 51 % (p < 0.001) phosphorylated p70s6k (Thr389) levels 67 % (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results are the first in vivo evidence to demonstrate that PA tends to increases MPS 3 h post-feeding, though PA may delay WPC-mediated MPS kinetics within a 3 h post-feeding window.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Carlton D Fox
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - James C Healy
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | | | - Ryan P Lowery
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Rachel M McNally
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
| | | | - Jacob M Wilson
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL USA
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Peric D, Barragan I, Giraud-Triboult K, Egesipe AL, Meyniel-Schicklin L, Cousin C, Lotteau V, Petit V, Touhami J, Battini JL, Sitbon M, Pinset C, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Laustriat D, Peschanski M. Cytostatic Effect of Repeated Exposure to Simvastatin: A Mechanism for Chronic Myotoxicity Revealed by the Use of Mesodermal Progenitors Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2936-48. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Peric
- INSERM U861; I-Stem, Evry Cedex Paris France
- UEVE U861; I-Stem, Evry Cedex Paris France
| | - Isabel Barragan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Anne-Laure Egesipe
- INSERM U861; I-Stem, Evry Cedex Paris France
- UEVE U861; I-Stem, Evry Cedex Paris France
| | - Laurène Meyniel-Schicklin
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
- INSERM U1111; Lyon France
| | | | - Vincent Lotteau
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
- INSERM U1111; Lyon France
| | | | - Jawida Touhami
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR5535; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Jean-Luc Battini
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR5535; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR5535; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Christian Pinset
- INSERM U861; I-Stem, Evry Cedex Paris France
- UEVE U861; I-Stem, Evry Cedex Paris France
| | | | | | - Marc Peschanski
- INSERM U861; I-Stem, Evry Cedex Paris France
- UEVE U861; I-Stem, Evry Cedex Paris France
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Schisandrae Fructus Supplementation Ameliorates Sciatic Neurectomy-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:872428. [PMID: 26064425 PMCID: PMC4443785 DOI: 10.1155/2015/872428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the possible beneficial skeletal muscle preserving effects of ethanol extract of Schisandrae Fructus (EESF) on sciatic neurectomy- (NTX-) induced hindlimb muscle atrophy in mice. Here, calf muscle atrophy was induced by unilateral right sciatic NTX. In order to investigate whether administration of EESF prevents or improves sciatic NTX-induced muscle atrophy, EESF was administered orally. Our results indicated that EESF dose-dependently diminished the decreases in markers of muscle mass and activity levels, and the increases in markers of muscle damage and fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokines, and apoptotic events in the gastrocnemius muscle bundles are induced by NTX. Additionally, destruction of gastrocnemius antioxidant defense systems after NTX was dose-dependently protected by treatment with EESF. EESF also upregulated muscle-specific mRNAs involved in muscle protein synthesis but downregulated those involved in protein degradation. The overall effects of 500 mg/kg EESF were similar to those of 50 mg/kg oxymetholone, but it showed more favorable antioxidant effects. The present results suggested that EESF exerts a favorable ameliorating effect on muscle atrophy induced by NTX, through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects related to muscle fiber protective effects and via an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation.
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Kim JW, Ku SK, Han MH, Kim KY, Kim SG, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Kim CM, Choi YH. The administration of Fructus Schisandrae attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:29-42. [PMID: 25955031 PMCID: PMC4494578 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine whether ethanol extracts of Fructus Schisandrae (FS), the dried fruit of Schizandra chinensis Baillon, mitigates the development of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Adult SPF/VAT outbred CrljOri:CD1 (ICR) mice were either treated with dexamethasone to induce muscle atrophy. Some mice were treated with various concentrations of FS or oxymetholone, a 17α-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid. Muscle thickness and weight, calf muscle strength, and serum creatine and creatine kinase (CK) levels were then measured. The administration of FS attenuated the decrease in calf thickness, gastrocnemius muscle thickness, muscle strength and weight, fiber diameter and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in the gastrocnemius muscle bundles which was induced by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with FS also prevented the dexamethasone-induced increase in serum creatine and creatine kinase levels, histopathological muscle fiber microvacuolation and fibrosis, and the immunoreactivity of muscle fibers for nitrotyrosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, inducible nitric oxide synthase and myostatin. In addition, the destruction of the gastrocnemius antioxidant defense system was also inhibited by the administration of FS in a dose-dependent manner. FS downregulated the mRNA expression of atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (involved in muscle protein degradation), myostatin (a potent negative regulator of muscle growth) and sirtuin 1 (a representative inhibitor of muscle regeneration), but upregulated the mRNA expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt1, adenosine A1 receptor and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4, involved in muscle growth and the activation of protein synthesis. The overall effects of treatment with 500 mg/kg FS were comparable to those observed following treatment with 50 mg/kg oxymetholone. The results from the present study support the hypothesis that FS has a favorable ameliorating effect on muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone, by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on muscle fibers, which may be due to an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Wan Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712‑715, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Goo Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Busan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
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Evaluation of serum myostatin and sclerostin levels in chronic spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord 2015; 53:615-20. [PMID: 25896346 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. OBJECTIVES To assess serum myostatin levels, bone mineral density (BMD), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and serum sclerostin levels in chronic spinal cord injured (SCI) patients and healthy controls. SETTING SCI centre in Italy. METHODS Blood samples, whole-body bioelectrical impedance analysis and BMD measurement with the ultrasound technique at the calcaneus level were taken from patients suffering from chronic SCI (both motor complete and incomplete) and healthy control subjects. RESULTS A total of 28 SCI patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum myostatin levels were statistically higher (P<0.01) in SCI patients compared with healthy controls. Similar results were found comparing both the motor complete and the motor incomplete SCI subgroups to healthy controls. Serum sclerostin was significantly higher in patients with SCI compared with healthy controls (P<0.01). BMD, stiffness and mean T-score values in SCI patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. Serum myostatin concentrations in the motor complete SCI subgroups correlated only with serum sclerostin levels (r(2)=0.42; P=0.001) and ASMM (r(2)=0.70; P=0.002) but not in healthy controls. DISCUSSION Serum myostatin and serum sclerostin are significantly higher in chronic SCI patients compared with healthy controls. They are potential biomarkers of muscle and bone modifications after SCI. This is the first study reporting an increase in serum myostatin in patients suffering from chronic SCI and a correlation with ASMM.
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Abstract
Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)/atrogin-1 were identified more than 10 years ago as two muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases that are increased transcriptionally in skeletal muscle under atrophy-inducing conditions, making them excellent markers of muscle atrophy. In the past 10 years much has been published about MuRF1 and MAFbx with respect to their mRNA expression patterns under atrophy-inducing conditions, their transcriptional regulation, and their putative substrates. However, much remains to be learned about the physiological role of both genes in the regulation of mass and other cellular functions in striated muscle. Although both MuRF1 and MAFbx are enriched in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, this review will focus on the current understanding of MuRF1 and MAFbx in skeletal muscle, highlighting the critical questions that remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue C Bodine
- Departments of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior and Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California; and Northern California Veterans Affairs Health Systems, Mather, California
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California; and
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Bonetto A, Penna F, Aversa Z, Mercantini P, Baccino FM, Costelli P, Ziparo V, Lucia S, Fanelli FR, Muscaritoli M. Early changes of muscle insulin-like growth factor-1 and myostatin gene expression in gastric cancer patients. Muscle Nerve 2013; 48:387-92. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | - Zaira Aversa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza; University of Rome; Rome; Italy
| | - Paolo Mercantini
- Department of Surgery, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza; University of Rome; Rome; Italy
| | - Francesco M. Baccino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ziparo
- Department of Surgery, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza; University of Rome; Rome; Italy
| | - Simone Lucia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza; University of Rome; Rome; Italy
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Faiss R, Léger B, Vesin JM, Fournier PE, Eggel Y, Dériaz O, Millet GP. Significant molecular and systemic adaptations after repeated sprint training in hypoxia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56522. [PMID: 23437154 PMCID: PMC3577885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) has been reported to evoke cellular responses via hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) but without substantial performance benefits in endurance athletes, we hypothesized that repeated sprint training in hypoxia could enhance repeated sprint ability (RSA) performed in normoxia via improved glycolysis and O2 utilization. 40 trained subjects completed 8 cycling repeated sprint sessions in hypoxia (RSH, 3000 m) or normoxia (RSN, 485 m). Before (Pre-) and after (Post-) training, muscular levels of selected mRNAs were analyzed from resting muscle biopsies and RSA tested until exhaustion (10-s sprint, work-to-rest ratio 1∶2) with muscle perfusion assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. From Pre- to Post-, the average power output of all sprints in RSA was increased (p<0.01) to the same extent (6% vs 7%, NS) in RSH and in RSN but the number of sprints to exhaustion was increased in RSH (9.4±4.8 vs. 13.0±6.2 sprints, p<0.01) but not in RSN (9.3±4.2 vs. 8.9±3.5). mRNA concentrations of HIF-1α (+55%), carbonic anhydrase III (+35%) and monocarboxylate transporter-4 (+20%) were augmented (p<0.05) whereas mitochondrial transcription factor A (−40%), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (−23%) and monocarboxylate transporter-1 (−36%) were decreased (p<0.01) in RSH only. Besides, the changes in total hemoglobin variations (Δ[tHb]) during sprints throughout RSA test increased to a greater extent (p<0.01) in RSH. Our findings show larger improvement in repeated sprint performance in RSH than in RSN with significant molecular adaptations and larger blood perfusion variations in active muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Faiss
- ISSUL-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Muscle fiber atrophy and regeneration coexist in collagen VI-deficient human muscle: role of calpain-3 and nuclear factor-κB signaling. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:894-906. [PMID: 22975586 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31826c6f7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is a common form of muscular dystrophy associated with defects in collagen VI. It is characterized by loss of individual muscle fibers and muscle mass and proliferation of connective and adipose tissues. We sought to investigate the mechanisms by which collagen VI regulates muscle cell survival, size, and regeneration and, in particular, the potential role of the ubiquitin-proteasome and calpain-proteolytic systems. We studied muscle biopsies of UCMD (n = 6), other myopathy (n = 12), and control patients (n = 10) and found reduced expression of atrogin-1, MURF1, and calpain-3 mRNAs in UCMD cases. Downregulation of calpain-3 was associated with changes in the nuclear immunolocalization of nuclear factor-κB. We also observed increased expression versus controls of regeneration markers at the protein and RNA levels. Satellite cell numbers did not differ in collagen VI-deficient muscle versus normal nonregenerating muscle, indicating that collagen VI does not play a key role in the maintenance of the satellite cell pool. Our results indicate that alterations in calpain-3 and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways may contribute to muscle mass loss in UCMD muscle, whereas atrogin-1 and MURF1 are not likely to play a major role.
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