1
|
Gasparella F, Nogara L, Germinario E, Tibaudo L, Ciciliot S, Piccoli G, Venegas FC, Fontana F, Sales G, Sabbatini D, Foot J, Jarolimek W, Blaauw B, Canton M, Vitiello L. A Novel MAO-B/SSAO Inhibitor Improves Multiple Aspects of Dystrophic Phenotype in mdx Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:622. [PMID: 38929061 PMCID: PMC11201281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most frequent and severe childhood muscle diseases. Its pathophysiology is multifaceted and still incompletely understood, but we and others have previously shown that oxidative stress plays an important role. In particular, we have demonstrated that inhibition of mitochondrial monoamine oxidases could improve some functional and biohumoral markers of the pathology. In the present study we report the use of dystrophic mdx mice to evaluate the efficacy of a dual monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor, PXS-5131, in reducing inflammation and fibrosis and improving muscle function. We found that a one-month treatment starting at three months of age was able to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, fibrosis, and inflammatory infiltrate in the tibialis anterior (TA) and diaphragm muscles. Importantly, we also observed a marked improvement in the capacity of the gastrocnemius muscle to maintain its force when challenged with eccentric contractions. Upon performing a bulk RNA-seq analysis, PXS-5131 treatment affected the expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes and tissue remodeling. We also studied the effect of prolonged treatment in older dystrophic mice, and found that a three-month administration of PXS-5131 was able to greatly reduce the progression of fibrosis not only in the diaphragm but also in the heart. Taken together, these results suggest that PXS-5131 is an effective inhibitor of fibrosis and inflammation in dystrophic muscles, a finding that could open a new therapeutic avenue for DMD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gasparella
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (E.G.); (G.P.); (F.C.V.)
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (E.G.); (G.P.); (F.C.V.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (E.G.); (G.P.); (F.C.V.)
| | - Lucia Tibaudo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (E.G.); (G.P.); (F.C.V.)
| | - Stefano Ciciliot
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Piccoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (E.G.); (G.P.); (F.C.V.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy;
| | - Francisca Carolina Venegas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (E.G.); (G.P.); (F.C.V.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Fontana
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Sales
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Daniele Sabbatini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jonathan Foot
- Syntara Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2086, Australia; (J.F.); (W.J.)
| | | | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (E.G.); (G.P.); (F.C.V.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy;
| | - Marcella Canton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (E.G.); (G.P.); (F.C.V.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Libero Vitiello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elkrief D, Matusovsky O, Cheng YS, Rassier DE. From amino-acid to disease: the effects of oxidation on actin-myosin interactions in muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:225-254. [PMID: 37805961 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Actin-myosin interactions form the basis of the force-producing contraction cycle within the sarcomere, serving as the primary mechanism for muscle contraction. Post-translational modifications, such as oxidation, have a considerable impact on the mechanics of these interactions. Considering their widespread occurrence, the explicit contributions of these modifications to muscle function remain an active field of research. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the basic mechanics of the actin-myosin complex and elucidate the extent to which oxidation influences the contractile cycle and various mechanical characteristics of this complex at the single-molecule, myofibrillar and whole-muscle levels. We place particular focus on amino acids shown to be vulnerable to oxidation in actin, myosin, and some of their binding partners. Additionally, we highlight the differences between in vitro environments, where oxidation is controlled and limited to actin and myosin and myofibrillar or whole muscle environments, to foster a better understanding of oxidative modification in muscle. Thus, this review seeks to encompass a broad range of studies, aiming to lay out the multi layered effects of oxidation in in vitro and in vivo environments, with brief mention of clinical muscular disorders associated with oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daren Elkrief
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Oleg Matusovsky
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yu-Shu Cheng
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dilson E Rassier
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Simonovsky E, Sharon M, Ziv M, Mauer O, Hekselman I, Jubran J, Vinogradov E, Argov CM, Basha O, Kerber L, Yogev Y, Segrè AV, Im HK, Birk O, Rokach L, Yeger‐Lotem E. Predicting molecular mechanisms of hereditary diseases by using their tissue-selective manifestation. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e11407. [PMID: 37232043 PMCID: PMC10407743 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
How do aberrations in widely expressed genes lead to tissue-selective hereditary diseases? Previous attempts to answer this question were limited to testing a few candidate mechanisms. To answer this question at a larger scale, we developed "Tissue Risk Assessment of Causality by Expression" (TRACE), a machine learning approach to predict genes that underlie tissue-selective diseases and selectivity-related features. TRACE utilized 4,744 biologically interpretable tissue-specific gene features that were inferred from heterogeneous omics datasets. Application of TRACE to 1,031 disease genes uncovered known and novel selectivity-related features, the most common of which was previously overlooked. Next, we created a catalog of tissue-associated risks for 18,927 protein-coding genes (https://netbio.bgu.ac.il/trace/). As proof-of-concept, we prioritized candidate disease genes identified in 48 rare-disease patients. TRACE ranked the verified disease gene among the patient's candidate genes significantly better than gene prioritization methods that rank by gene constraint or tissue expression. Thus, tissue selectivity combined with machine learning enhances genetic and clinical understanding of hereditary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Simonovsky
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Moran Sharon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Maya Ziv
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Omry Mauer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Idan Hekselman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Juman Jubran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Ekaterina Vinogradov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Chanan M Argov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Omer Basha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Lior Kerber
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Yuval Yogev
- Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics and the Genetics Institute at Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Ayellet V Segrè
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and EarHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of MedicineThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Ohad Birk
- Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics and the Genetics Institute at Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the NegevBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Lior Rokach
- Department of Software & Information Systems EngineeringBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Esti Yeger‐Lotem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the NegevBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharon M, Gruber G, Argov CM, Volozhinsky M, Yeger-Lotem E. ProAct: quantifying the differential activity of biological processes in tissues, cells, and user-defined contexts. Nucleic Acids Res 2023:7173756. [PMID: 37207335 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinct functions and phenotypes of human tissues and cells derive from the activity of biological processes that varies in a context-dependent manner. Here, we present the Process Activity (ProAct) webserver that estimates the preferential activity of biological processes in tissues, cells, and other contexts. Users can upload a differential gene expression matrix measured across contexts or cells, or use a built-in matrix of differential gene expression in 34 human tissues. Per context, ProAct associates gene ontology (GO) biological processes with estimated preferential activity scores, which are inferred from the input matrix. ProAct visualizes these scores across processes, contexts, and process-associated genes. ProAct also offers potential cell-type annotations for cell subsets, by inferring them from the preferential activity of 2001 cell-type-specific processes. Thus, ProAct output can highlight the distinct functions of tissues and cell types in various contexts, and can enhance cell-type annotation efforts. The ProAct webserver is available at https://netbio.bgu.ac.il/ProAct/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moran Sharon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Gil Gruber
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Chanan M Argov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Miri Volozhinsky
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Esti Yeger-Lotem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baraldo M, Zorzato S, Dondjang AHT, Geremia A, Nogara L, Dumitras AG, Canato M, Marcucci L, Nolte H, Blaauw B. Inducible deletion of raptor and mTOR from adult skeletal muscle impairs muscle contractility and relaxation. J Physiol 2022; 600:5055-5075. [PMID: 36255030 DOI: 10.1113/jp283686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle weakness has been associated with different pathological conditions, including sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy, and is accompanied by altered mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. We wanted to elucidate the functional role of mTOR in muscle contractility. Most loss-of-function studies for mTOR signalling have used the drug rapamycin to inhibit some of the signalling downstream of mTOR. However, given that rapamycin does not inhibit all mTOR signalling completely, we generated a double knockout for mTOR and for the scaffold protein of mTORC1, raptor, in skeletal muscle. We found that double knockout in mice results in a more severe phenotype compared with deletion of raptor or mTOR alone. Indeed, these animals display muscle weakness, increased fibre denervation and a slower muscle relaxation following tetanic stimulation. This is accompanied by a shift towards slow-twitch fibres and changes in the expression levels of calcium-related genes, such as Serca1 and Casq1. Double knockout mice show a decrease in calcium decay kinetics after tetanus in vivo, suggestive of a reduced calcium reuptake. In addition, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that many downregulated genes, such as Tcap and Fhod3, are linked to sarcomere organization. These results suggest a key role for mTOR signalling in maintaining proper fibre relaxation in skeletal muscle. KEY POINTS: Skeletal muscle wasting and weakness have been associated with different pathological conditions, including sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy, and are accompanied by altered mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. Mammalian target of rapamycin plays a crucial role in the maintenance of muscle mass and functionality. We found that the loss of both mTOR and raptor results in contractile abnormalities, with severe muscle weakness and delayed relaxation following tetanic stimulation. These results are associated with alterations in the expression of genes involved in sarcomere organization and calcium handling and with an impairment in calcium reuptake after contraction. Taken together, these results provide a mechanistic insight into the role of mTOR in muscle contractility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Baraldo
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Zorzato
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Achille Homère Tchampda Dondjang
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Geremia
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ana Georgia Dumitras
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Canato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita, Japan
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pedrazzani PS, Araújo TOP, Sigoli E, da Silva IR, da Roza DL, Chesca DL, Rassier DE, Cornachione AS. Twenty-one days of low-intensity eccentric training improve morphological characteristics and function of soleus muscles of mdx mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3579. [PMID: 33574358 PMCID: PMC7878734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of the protein dystrophin, which leads to muscle weakness, progressive degeneration, and eventually death due to respiratory failure. Low-intensity eccentric training (LIET) has been used as a rehabilitation method in skeletal muscles after disuse. Recently, LIET has also been used for rehabilitating dystrophic muscles, but its effects are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 21 days of LIET in dystrophic soleus muscle. Thirty-six male mdx mice were randomized into six groups (n = 6/each): mdx sedentary group; mdx training group-3 days; mdx training group-21 days; wild-type sedentary group; wild-type training group-3 days and wild-type training group-21 days. After the training sessions, animals were euthanized, and fragments of soleus muscles were removed for immunofluorescence and histological analyses, and measurements of active force and Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. Muscles of the mdx training group-21 days showed an improvement in morphological characteristics and an increase of active force when compared to the sedentary mdx group. The results show that LIET can improve the functionality of dystrophic soleus muscle in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S Pedrazzani
- Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Tatiana O P Araújo
- Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Emilly Sigoli
- Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Isabella R da Silva
- Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Daiane Leite da Roza
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Deise Lucia Chesca
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dilson E Rassier
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anabelle S Cornachione
- Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fenwick AJ, Awinda PO, Yarbrough-Jones JA, Eldridge JA, Rodgers BD, Tanner BCW. Demembranated skeletal and cardiac fibers produce less force with altered cross-bridge kinetics in a mouse model for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2i. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C226-C234. [PMID: 31091146 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00524.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2i (LGMD2i) is a dystroglycanopathy that compromises myofiber integrity and primarily reduces power output in limb muscles but can influence cardiac muscle as well. Previous studies of LGMD2i made use of a transgenic mouse model in which a proline-to-leucine (P448L) mutation in fukutin-related protein severely reduces glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. Muscle function is compromised in P448L mice in a manner similar to human patients with LGMD2i. In situ studies reported lower maximal twitch force and depressed force-velocity curves in medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles from male P448L mice. Here, we measured Ca2+-activated force generation and cross-bridge kinetics in both demembranated MG fibers and papillary muscle strips from P448L mice. Maximal activated tension was 37% lower in MG fibers and 18% lower in papillary strips from P448L mice than controls. We also found slightly faster rates of cross-bridge recruitment and detachment in MG fibers from P448L than control mice. These increases in skeletal cross-bridge cycling could reduce the unitary force output from individual cross bridges by lowering the ratio of time spent in a force-bearing state to total cycle time. This suggests that the decreased force production in LGMD2i may be due (at least in part) to altered cross-bridge kinetics. This finding is notable, as the majority of studies germane to muscular dystrophies have focused on sarcolemma or whole muscle properties, whereas our findings suggest that the disease pathology is also influenced by potential downstream effects on cross-bridge behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel J Fenwick
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington.,Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
| | - Peter O Awinda
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington.,Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
| | - Jacob A Yarbrough-Jones
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington.,Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
| | - Jennifer A Eldridge
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington.,Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
| | - Buel D Rodgers
- Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington.,AAVogen, Inc. , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Bertrand C W Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington.,Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Frontera WR, Ochala J. Skeletal muscle: a brief review of structure and function. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:183-95. [PMID: 25294644 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the most dynamic and plastic tissues of the human body. In humans, skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of total body weight and contains 50-75% of all body proteins. In general, muscle mass depends on the balance between protein synthesis and degradation and both processes are sensitive to factors such as nutritional status, hormonal balance, physical activity/exercise, and injury or disease, among others. In this review, we discuss the various domains of muscle structure and function including its cytoskeletal architecture, excitation-contraction coupling, energy metabolism, and force and power generation. We will limit the discussion to human skeletal muscle and emphasize recent scientific literature on single muscle fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter R Frontera
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Suite 1318, 2201 Children's Way, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maffei M, Longa E, Qaisar R, Agoni V, Desaphy JF, Camerino DC, Bottinelli R, Canepari M. Actin sliding velocity on pure myosin isoforms from hindlimb unloaded mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:316-29. [PMID: 24888432 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Notwithstanding the widely accepted idea that following disuse skeletal muscles become faster, an increase in shortening velocity was previously observed mostly in fibres containing type 1 myosin, whereas a decrease was generally found in fibres containing type 2B myosin. In this study, unloaded shortening velocity of pure type 1 and 2B fibres from hindlimb unloaded mice was determined and a decrease in type 2B fibres was found. METHODS To clarify whether the decrease in shortening velocity could depend on alterations of myosin motor function, an in vitro motility assay approach was applied to study pure type 1 and pure type 2B myosin from hindlimb unloaded mice. The latter approach, assessing actin sliding velocity on isolated myosin in the absence of other myofibrillar proteins, enabled to directly investigate myosin motor function. RESULTS Actin sliding velocity was significantly lower on type 2B myosin following unloading (2.70 ± 0.32 μm s(-1)) than in control conditions (4.11 ± 0.35 μm s(-1)), whereas actin sliding velocity of type 1 myosin was not different following unloading (0.89 ± 0.04 μm s(-1)) compared with control conditions (0.84 ± 0.17 μm s(-1)). Myosin light chain (MLC) isoform composition of type 2B myosin from hindlimb unloaded and control mice was not different. No oxidation of either type 1 or 2B myosin was observed. Higher phosphorylation of regulatory MLC in type 2B myosin after unloading was found. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the observed lower shortening velocity of type 2B fibres following unloading could be related to slowing of acto-myosin kinetics in the presence of MLC phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Maffei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - E. Longa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - R. Qaisar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - V. Agoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - J.-F. Desaphy
- Section of Pharmacology; Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences and Interuniversity Institute of Myology; University of Bari - Aldo Moro; Bari Italy
| | - D. Conte Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology; Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences and Interuniversity Institute of Myology; University of Bari - Aldo Moro; Bari Italy
| | - R. Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
- Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS); Scientific Institute of Pavia; Pavia Italy
- Interdipartimental Centre of Biology and Sport Medicine; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - M. Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guellich A, Negroni E, Decostre V, Demoule A, Coirault C. Altered cross-bridge properties in skeletal muscle dystrophies. Front Physiol 2014; 5:393. [PMID: 25352808 PMCID: PMC4196474 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Force and motion generated by skeletal muscle ultimately depends on the cyclical interaction of actin with myosin. This mechanical process is regulated by intracellular Ca2+ through the thin filament-associated regulatory proteins i.e.; troponins and tropomyosin. Muscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous genetic affections characterized by progressive degeneration and weakness of the skeletal muscle as a consequence of loss of muscle tissue which directly reduces the number of potential myosin cross-bridges involved in force production. Mutations in genes responsible for skeletal muscle dystrophies (MDs) have been shown to modify the function of contractile proteins and cross-bridge interactions. Altered gene expression or RNA splicing or post-translational modifications of contractile proteins such as those related to oxidative stress, may affect cross-bridge function by modifying key proteins of the excitation-contraction coupling. Micro-architectural change in myofilament is another mechanism of altered cross-bridge performance. In this review, we provide an overview about changes in cross-bridge performance in skeletal MDs and discuss their ultimate impacts on striated muscle function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Guellich
- Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Créteil Créteil, France ; Equipe 8, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Créteil, France
| | - Elisa Negroni
- UMRS 974, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Paris, France ; UM 76, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités Paris, France ; UMR 7215, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France ; Institut de Myologie Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Demoule
- UMRS 974, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Paris, France ; UM 76, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités Paris, France ; UMR 7215, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France ; Institut de Myologie Paris, France ; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie et Reanimation Medicale Paris, France
| | - Catherine Coirault
- UMRS 974, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Paris, France ; UM 76, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités Paris, France ; UMR 7215, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France ; Institut de Myologie Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Elliott GF, Worthington CR. Along the road not taken: how many myosin heads act on a single actin filament at any instant in working muscle? PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 108:82-92. [PMID: 22202474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We reconsider the use of stiffness measurements to estimate N, the number of myosin heads acting (working at any instant to produce tension) on a single actin filament in vertebrate striated muscle, and give reasons for our rejection of numbers produced from such measurements. We go on to present a different approach to the problem, citing and extending a model bearing on the value of N which is derived from other physiological and biochemical data and which offers insight into the fundamental actin-myosin contractile event as an impulsive force. New experimental data accumulating over the past decade support this model, in which the myosin heads act sequentially along the actin filament (this is an example of Conformational Spread). In this model only a single myosin head acts on a single actin filament to produce an impulse at any given instant in normally-contracting muscle, either in the isometric or the isotonic mode, so N = 1. However, extra impulses occur within the same time frame after quick release of length or tension. The predictions of this sequential model are in striking agreement with a large body of recent detailed biophysical and biochemical evidence. We suggest that this warrants further in-depth experimental work, specifically to explore and test the sequential model and its implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G F Elliott
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxon OX3 9DU, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Canepari M, Pellegrino MA, D'Antona G, Bottinelli R. Skeletal muscle fibre diversity and the underlying mechanisms. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010; 199:465-76. [PMID: 20345415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The review first briefly summarizes how myosin isoforms have been identified as the major determinant of the functional variability among skeletal muscle fibres. The latter feature is a major characteristic of muscle fibres and a major basis of skeletal muscle heterogeneity and plasticity in vivo. Then, evidence is reported, which indicates that the properties of muscle fibres can vary with no change in the myosin isoform they express. Moreover, the physiological and pathological conditions (ageing, disuse, exercise training, muscular dystrophy) in which such myosin isoform independent change in functional properties occurs and the possible underlying mechanisms are considered. Finally, the known molecular bases of the functional differences among slow and fast isoforms are briefly dealt with.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Canepari
- Department of Physiology and Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Friedrich O, Both M, Weber C, Schürmann S, Teichmann MDH, von Wegner F, Fink RHA, Vogel M, Chamberlain JS, Garbe C. Microarchitecture is severely compromised but motor protein function is preserved in dystrophic mdx skeletal muscle. Biophys J 2010; 98:606-16. [PMID: 20159157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive force loss in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by degeneration/regeneration cycles and fibrosis. Disease progression may involve structural remodeling of muscle tissue. An effect on molecular motorprotein function may also be possible. We used second harmonic generation imaging to reveal vastly altered subcellular sarcomere microarchitecture in intact single dystrophic mdx muscle cells (approximately 1 year old). Myofibril tilting, twisting, and local axis deviations explain at least up to 20% of force drop during unsynchronized contractile activation as judged from cosine angle sums of myofibril orientations within mdx fibers. In contrast, in vitro motility assays showed unaltered sliding velocities of single mdx fiber myosin extracts. Closer quantification of the microarchitecture revealed that dystrophic fibers had significantly more Y-shaped sarcomere irregularities ("verniers") than wild-type fibers (approximately 130/1000 microm(3) vs. approximately 36/1000 microm(3)). In transgenic mini-dystrophin-expressing fibers, ultrastructure was restored (approximately 38/1000 microm(3) counts). We suggest that in aged dystrophic toe muscle, progressive force loss is reflected by a vastly deranged micromorphology that prevents a coordinated and aligned contraction. Second harmonic generation imaging may soon be available in routine clinical diagnostics, and in this work we provide valuable imaging tools to track and quantify ultrastructural worsening in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and to judge the beneficial effects of possible drug or gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Friedrich
- Medical Biophysics, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ruprecht Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|