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The Facial Graft: A Graft of Emotions? (About the Reanimation of the Facial Allotransplantation). Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2023; 31:57-64. [PMID: 36754507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cxom.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been numerous scientific papers reporting on composite allotransplantation of the face, few have been about assessment and evolution of the functional benefit for patients in terms of soft tissue mobility, movement coordination, and face expressions, even fewer on the choice of the surgical procedures to restore motricity. On some videos and interviews, it is possible to analyze significative motricity. Of course that has been voluntary motricity, not emotional motricity. The data confirmed that the result on the complexity of the expression of the face is not great, providing opportunity to reflect on the question of nerve regeneration.
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2
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Li X, Zhang X, Hao M, Wang D, Jiang Z, Sun L, Gao Y, Jin Y, Lei P, Zhuo Y. The application of collagen in the repair of peripheral nerve defect. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973301. [PMID: 36213073 PMCID: PMC9542778 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a natural polymer expressed in the extracellular matrix of the peripheral nervous system. It has become increasingly crucial in peripheral nerve reconstruction as it was involved in regulating Schwann cell behaviors, maintaining peripheral nerve functions during peripheral nerve development, and being strongly upregulated after nerve injury to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Moreover, its biological properties, such as low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability make it a suitable biomaterial for peripheral nerve repair. Collagen provides a suitable microenvironment to support Schwann cells’ growth, proliferation, and migration, thereby improving the regeneration and functional recovery of peripheral nerves. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of collagen as a biomaterial, analyze its role in peripheral nerve regeneration, and provide a detailed overview of the recent advances concerning the optimization of collagen nerve conduits in terms of physical properties and structure, as well as the application of the combination with the bioactive component in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
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3
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Wang Q, Chen FY, Ling ZM, Su WF, Zhao YY, Chen G, Wei ZY. The Effect of Schwann Cells/Schwann Cell-Like Cells on Cell Therapy for Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:836931. [PMID: 35350167 PMCID: PMC8957843 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.836931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological issue that leads to sensory and motor disorders. Over time, the treatment for peripheral neuropathy has primarily focused on medications for specific symptoms and surgical techniques. Despite the different advantages of these treatments, functional recovery remains less than ideal. Schwann cells, as the primary glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, play crucial roles in physiological and pathological conditions by maintaining nerve structure and functions and secreting various signaling molecules and neurotrophic factors to support both axonal growth and myelination. In addition, stem cells, including mesenchymal stromal cells, skin precursor cells and neural stem cells, have the potential to differentiate into Schwann-like cells to perform similar functions as Schwann cells. Therefore, accumulating evidence indicates that Schwann cell transplantation plays a crucial role in the resolution of peripheral neuropathy. In this review, we summarize the literature regarding the use of Schwann cell/Schwann cell-like cell transplantation for different peripheral neuropathies and the potential role of promoting nerve repair and functional recovery. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of Schwann cell/Schwann cell-like cell transplantation in future clinical applications. Together, these studies provide insights into the effect of Schwann cells/Schwann cell-like cells on cell therapy and uncover prospective therapeutic strategies for peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fang-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Ling
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wen-Feng Su
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ya-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Chen,
| | - Zhong-Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Zhong-Ya Wei,
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4
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Cell transplantation to repair the injured spinal cord. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 166:79-158. [PMID: 36424097 PMCID: PMC10008620 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Tu YK, Hsueh YH, Huang HC. Human olfactory ensheathing cell-derived extracellular vesicles: miRNA profile and neuroprotective effect. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:395-408. [PMID: 34645375 DOI: 10.2174/1567202618666211012162111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapy has been identified as a leading alternative approach in several disease models. EV derived from the olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) has been documented for its strong neuro-regenerative capacity. However, no information on its cargo that may contribute to its therapeutic effect has been available. OBJECTIVE To report the first miRNA profile of human OEC (hOEC) -EV, and investigate the neuroprotective effects. METHODS hOEC-EV was isolated and sequenced. We established in vitro experiments to assess the therapeutic potential of hOEC-EVs with respect to insulted neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and the angiogenesis effect. Secondary post-injury insults were imitated using t-BHP-mediated oxidative stress. RESULTS We noted a strong abundance of hOEC-EV-miRNAs, including hsa-miR148a-3p, has-miR151a-3p and several members of let-7 family. The common targets of 15 miRNAs among the top 20 miRNAs were thrombospondin 1 and cyclin dependent kinase 6. We demonstrated that hOEC-EVs promote normal NPC proliferation and differentiation to neuron-like morphologies with prolonged axons. hOEC-EVs protect cells from t-BHP mediated apoptosis. We also found that the migration rate of either NPCs or endothelial cells significantly improved with hOEC-EVs. Furthermore, in vitro tube formation assays indicated that angiogenesis, an important process for tissue repair, was significantly enhanced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to hOEC-EVs. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that hOEC-EVs exert neuroprotective effects by protecting cells from apoptosis and promoting in vitro biological processes that are important to neural tissue repair, including neural cell proliferation, axonal growth, and cell migration, in addition to enhancing angiogenesis. </p>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, E-Da Hospitall, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung city. Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huan Hsueh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, E-Da Hospitall, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung city. Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chang Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, E-Da Hospitall, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung city. Taiwan
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Tseng YT, Chen M, Lai R, Oieni F, Smyth G, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, St John J, Ekberg J. Liraglutide modulates olfactory ensheathing cell migration with activation of ERK and alteration of the extracellular matrix. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111819. [PMID: 34126351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a promising approach for repairing the injured nervous system that has been extensively trialed for nervous system repair. However, the method still needs improvement and optimization. One avenue of improving outcomes is to stimulate OEC migration into the injury site. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for management of diabetes and obesity. It has been shown to be neuroprotective and to promote cell migration, but whether it can stimulate glial cells remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the effects of liraglutide on OEC migration and explored the involved mechanisms. We showed that liraglutide at low concentration (100 nM) overall promoted OEC migration over time. Liraglutide modulated the migratory behavior of OECs by reducing time in arrest, and promoted random rather than straight migration. Liraglutide also induced a morphological change of primary OECs towards a bipolar shape consistent with improved migration. We found that liraglutide activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which has key roles in cell migration; the timing of ERK activation correlated with stimulation of migration. Furthermore, liraglutide also modulated the extracellular matrix by upregulating laminin-1 and down-regulating collagen IV. In summary, we found that liraglutide can stimulate OEC migration and re-model the extracellular matrix to better promote cell migration, and possibly also to become more conducive for axonal regeneration. Thus, liraglutide may improve OEC transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mo Chen
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Richard Lai
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Francesca Oieni
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Graham Smyth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - James St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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7
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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using a Nerve Conduit with Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in a Rat Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:453-465. [PMID: 33515167 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous nerve grafts are the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injury treatment. However, this procedure cannot avoid sacrificing other nerves as a major limitation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) embedded in a nerve conduit. METHODS A 10-mm segment of the sciatic nerve was resected in 21 rats, and the nerve injury was repaired with one of the following (n = 7 per group): autologous nerve graft, poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) conduit and OECs, and PCL conduit only. The consequent effect on nerve regeneration was measured based on the nerve conduction velocity (NCV), amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (ACMAP), wet muscle weight, histomorphometric analysis, and nerve density quantification. RESULTS Histomorphometric analysis revealed nerve regeneration and angiogenesis in all groups. However, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the ACMAP nerve regeneration rate of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles between the autologous graft (37.9 ± 14.3% and 39.1% ± 20.4%) and PCL only (17.8 ± 8.6% and 13.6 ± 5.8%) groups, and between the PCL only and PCL + OECs (46.3 ± 20.0% and 34.5 ± 14.6%) groups, with no differences between the autologous nerve and PCL + OEC groups (p > 0.05). No significant results in NCV, wet muscle weight, and nerve density quantification were observed among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION A PCL conduit with OECs enhances the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves, offering a good alternative to autologous nerve grafts.
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8
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Syngeneic Transplantation of Rat Olfactory Stem Cells in a Vein Conduit Improves Facial Movements and Reduces Synkinesis after Facial Nerve Injury. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 146:1295-1305. [PMID: 33234960 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic facial paralysis is a disabling condition. Current surgical management by faciofacial nerve suture provides limited recovery. To improve the outcome, the authors evaluated an add-on strategy based on a syngeneic transplantation of nasal olfactory stem cells in a rat model of facial nerve injury. The main readouts of the study were the recording of whisking function and buccal synkinesis. METHODS Sixty rats were allocated to three groups. Animals with a 2-mm facial nerve loss were repaired with a femoral vein, filled or not with olfactory stem cells. These two groups were compared to similarly injured rats but with a faciofacial nerve suture. Olfactory stem cells were purified from rat olfactory mucosa. Three months after surgery, facial motor performance was evaluated using video-based motion analysis and electromyography. Synkinesis was assessed by electromyography, using measure of buccal involuntary movements during blink reflex, and double retrograde labeling of regenerating motoneurons. RESULTS The authors' study reveals that olfactory stem cell transplantation induces functional recovery in comparison to nontransplanted and faciofacial nerve suture groups. They significantly increase (1) maximal amplitude of vibrissae protraction and retraction cycles and (2) angular velocity during protraction of vibrissae. They also reduce buccal synkinesis, according to the two techniques used. However, olfactory stem cell transplantation did not improve axonal regrowth of the facial nerve, 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The authors show here that the adjuvant strategy of syngeneic transplantation of olfactory stem cells improves functional recovery. These promising results open the way for a phase I clinical trial based on the autologous engraftment of olfactory stem cells in patients with a facial nerve paralysis.
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Zhang L, Li B, Liu B, Dong Z. Co-transplantation of Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Repairs Sciatic Nerve Defects in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:253. [PMID: 31244611 PMCID: PMC6582070 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is an alternative strategy to improve outcomes of peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Epidermal neural crest stem cell (EPI-NCSC) is obtained from autologous tissue without immunological rejection, which could expand quickly in vitro and is suitable candidate for cell-based therapy. Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) could secrete multiple neurotrophic factors (NTFs), which is often used to repair PNI individually. However, whether the combination of EPI-NCSC and OEC have better effects on PNI repair remains unclear. Here we use EPI-NCSC and OEC co-transplantation in a rat sciatic nerve defect model to ascertain the effects and potential mechanisms of cells co-transplantation on PNI. The effect of EPI-NCSC and OEC co-transplantation on PNI is assessed by using a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC), electrophysiological recording and neural function test. Co-transplantation of EPI-NCSC and OEC exerts a beneficial effect upon PNI such as better organized structure, nerve function recovery, and lower motoneuron apoptosis. IHC and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) further demonstrate that cells co-transplantation may improve PNI via the expression of brain derived growth factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) up-regulated by EPI-NCSC and OEC synergistically. Eventually, the results from this study reveal that EPI-NCSC and OEC co-transplantation effectively repairs PNI through enhancing the level of BDNF and NGF, indicating that cells co-transplantation may serve as a fruitful avenue for PNI in clinic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingcang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
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10
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Boecker AH, Bozkurt A, Kim BS, Altinova H, Tank J, Deumens R, Tolba R, Weis J, Brook GA, Pallua N, van Neerven SGA. Cell-enrichment with olfactory ensheathing cells has limited local extra beneficial effects on nerve regeneration supported by the nerve guide Perimaix. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2125-2137. [PMID: 30044547 DOI: 10.1002/term.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reconstruction of peripheral nerve injuries is clinically challenging, and today, the autologous nerve transplantation is still considered as the only gold standard remedy for nerve lesions where a direct nerve coaptation is not possible. Nevertheless, the functional merits of many biomaterials have been tested as potential substitutes for the autologous nerve transplant. One of the strategies that have been pursued is the combination of bioengineered nerve guides with cellular enrichment. In this present study, we combined the previously evaluated collagen-based and microstructured nerve guide Perimaix with olfactory ensheathing cell enrichment. Rat sciatic nerve defects of 20 mm were either bridged by a cell-seeded or nonseeded nerve guide or an autologous nerve transplant. Animals were monitored for 12 weeks for structural and functional parameters. Seeded cells survived on Perimaix, and following implantation aligned along the microstructured Perimaix framework. Axonal densities within the cell-seeded nerve guides were higher than in the nonseeded nerve guides and were comparable to the autograft. Additionally, cell-seeding had local beneficial effects on myelination within the nerve guide, as myelin sheath thickness was enhanced when compared with the empty scaffold. Nevertheless, for bridging the nerve gap of 20 mm, both the cell-seeded as well as nonseeded scaffolds were equally efficient regarding the functional outcome, which did not differ between the autograft, seeded or nonseeded groups. Our data demonstrate that olfactory ensheathing cell enrichment has local effects on nerve regeneration in combination with the Perimaix nerve guide. Surprisingly, for traversing the lesion gap, additional cell-seeding is not crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Hendrik Boecker
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Hand-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ahmet Bozkurt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Hand, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Bong Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Haktan Altinova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Tank
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Private Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Deumens
- Neuropharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Translational Brain Medicine (JARA Brain), Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Germany
| | - Gary Anthony Brook
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Translational Brain Medicine (JARA Brain), Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Germany
| | - Norbert Pallua
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Systemic Transplantation of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Analgesia in a Model of Wallerian Degeneration. Transplantation 2017; 101:1573-1586. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Bonfanti R, Musumeci T, Russo C, Pellitteri R. The protective effect of curcumin in Olfactory Ensheathing Cells exposed to hypoxia. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:62-68. [PMID: 27889433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a phytochemical component derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, has shown a great variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-depression and anti-oxidant activity. Therefore, in the last years it has been used as a therapeutic agent since it confers protection in different neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia and excitotoxicity. Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (OECs) are glial cells of the olfactory system. They are able to secrete several neurotrophic growth factors, promote axonal growth and support the remyelination of damaged axons. OEC transplantation has emerged as a possible experimental therapy to induce repair of spinal cord injury, even if the functional recovery is still limited. Since hypoxia is a secondary effect in spinal cord injury, this in vitro study investigates the protective effect of curcumin in OECs exposed to hypoxia. Primary OECs were obtained from neonatal rat olfactory bulbs and placed both in normal and hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, some cells were grown with basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and/or curcumin at different concentration and times. The results obtained through immunocytochemical procedures and MTT test show that curcumin stimulates cell viability in OECs grown in normal and hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of curcumin and bFGF is the most effective exerting protection on OECs. Since spinal cord injury is often accompanied by secondary insults, such as ischemia or hypoxia, our results suggest that curcumin in combination with bFGF might be considered a possible approach for restoration in injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bonfanti
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, CNR, Section of Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosalia Pellitteri
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, CNR, Section of Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
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Kabiri M, Oraee-Yazdani S, Shafiee A, Hanaee-Ahvaz H, Dodel M, Vaseei M, Soleimani M. Neuroregenerative effects of olfactory ensheathing cells transplanted in a multi-layered conductive nanofibrous conduit in peripheral nerve repair in rats. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:35. [PMID: 25986461 PMCID: PMC4437686 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-layered conductive nanofibrous hollow conduit in combination with olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. We aimed to harness both the topographical and electrical cues of the aligned conductive nanofibrous single-walled carbon nanotube/ poly (L-lactic acid) (SWCNT/PLLA) scaffolds along with the neurotrophic features of OEC in a nerve tissue engineered approach. Results We demonstrated that SWCNT/PLLA composite scaffolds support the adhesion, growth, survival and proliferation of OEC. Using microsurgical techniques, the tissue engineered nerve conduits were interposed into an 8 mm gap in sciatic nerve defects in rats. Functional recovery was evaluated using sciatic functional index (SFI) fortnightly after the surgery. Histological analyses including immunohistochemistry for S100 and NF markers along with toluidine blue staining (nerve thickness) and TEM imaging (myelin sheath thickness) of the sections from middle and distal parts of nerve grafts showed an increased regeneration in cell/scaffold group compared with cell-free scaffold and silicone groups. Neural regeneration in cell/scaffold group was very closely similar to autograft group, as deduced from SFI scores and histological assessments. Conclusions Our results indicated that the tissue engineered construct made of rolled sheet of SWCNT/PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds and OEC could promote axonal outgrowth and peripheral nerve regeneration suggesting them as a promising alternative in nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Oraee-Yazdani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran. .,Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran. .,Experimental Dermatology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Hana Hanaee-Ahvaz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masumeh Dodel
- Department of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Textile engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Vaseei
- Pathology Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Liu W, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Han X, Yuan L, Zhao M. Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells attenuates acute carbon monoxide poisoning-induced brain damages in rats. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:70-80. [PMID: 25370793 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the therapeutic effect of olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) transplantation on brain damage was evaluated on acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning rat model. Two weeks after primary culture, OECs were microinjected into hippocampus of CO poisoning rats. Survival of OECs in the host was observed and quantified. OECs survived at 2 weeks, but surviving cell number was found sharply decreased at 6 weeks and reduced to less than 10(3) at 8 weeks after transplantation. At 2 weeks after transplantation, motor function test and cerebral edema assay were performed and followed by pathological examination including hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry staining to observe the neuron injury and synapsin I and growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) expression. Furthermore, biomarkers of oxidative stress and apoptosis related proteins in the hippocampus were detected. The results showed that CO exposure led to neurological dysfunction and cerebral edema in rats. After OEC transplantation, neurological function was significantly improved and the cerebral edema was alleviated. In addition, the numbers of neurons and Nissl bodies were increased and synapsin I and GAP-43 protein expressions were upregulated in the hippocampus. Compared with CO poisoned rats, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were both increased and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde level was decreased in the hippocampus of OEC transplanted rats. Moreover, OEC transplantation reduced apoptosis induced by CO exposure. The Bcl-2 expression was significantly upregulated and Bax expression was significantly downregulated. The activity of caspase-3 and the cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase expression were decreased. Taken together, our data suggest that OEC attenuates brain damages induced by acute CO poisoning within 2 weeks after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
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15
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Gu X, Ding F, Williams DF. Neural tissue engineering options for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6143-56. [PMID: 24818883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) have emerged as a potential alternative to autologous nerve grafts, the gold standard for peripheral nerve repair. Typically, TENGs are composed of a biomaterial-based template that incorporates biochemical cues. A number of TENGs have been used experimentally to bridge long peripheral nerve gaps in various animal models, where the desired outcome is nerve tissue regeneration and functional recovery. So far, the translation of TENGs to the clinic for use in humans has met with a certain degree of success. In order to optimize the TENG design and further approach the matching of TENGs with autologous nerve grafts, many new cues, beyond the traditional ones, will have to be integrated into TENGs. Furthermore, there is a strong requirement for monitoring the real-time dynamic information related to the construction of TENGs. The aim of this opinion paper is to specifically and critically describe the latest advances in the field of neural tissue engineering for peripheral nerve regeneration. Here we delineate new attempts in the design of template (or scaffold) materials, especially in the context of biocompatibility, the choice and handling of support cells, and growth factor release systems. We further discuss the significance of RNAi for peripheral nerve regeneration, anticipate the potential application of RNAi reagents for TENGs, and speculate on the possible contributions of additional elements, including angiogenesis, electrical stimulation, molecular inflammatory mediators, bioactive peptides, antioxidant reagents, and cultured biological constructs, to TENGs. Finally, we consider that a diverse array of physicochemical and biological cues must be orchestrated within a TENG to create a self-consistent coordinated system with a close proximity to the regenerative microenvironment of the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China.
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - David F Williams
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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16
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Shukla A, Mohapatra TM, Parmar D, Seth K. Neuroprotective potentials of neurotrophin rich olfactory ensheathing cell's conditioned media against 6OHDA-induced oxidative damage. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:560-71. [PMID: 24528157 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.894636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of recent reports, we propose that impaired neurotrophin signaling (PI3k/Akt), low antioxidant levels, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) conjointly participate in the progressive events responsible for the dopaminergic cell loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study we tried to target these deficits collectively through multiple neurotrophic factors (NTFs) support in the form of Olfactory Ensheathing Cell's Conditioned Media (OEC CM) using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line exposed to 6 hydroxydopamine (6OHDA). 6OHDA exposure induced, oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic cell death viz. enhanced ROS generation, diffused cytosolic cytochrome c (cyt c), impaired Bcl-2: Bax levels along with decrease in GSH content. These changes were accompanied by loss in Akt phosphorylation and TH levels in SH-SY5Y cells. OEC CM significantly checked apoptotic cell death by preserving pAkt levels which coincided with enhanced GSH and suppressed oxidative injury. Functional integrity of OEC CM supported cells was evident by maintained tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. Intercepting Akt signaling by specific inhibitor LY294002 blocked the protective effect. Taken together our findings provide important evidence that the key to protective effect of multiple NTF support via OEC CM is enhanced Akt survival signaling which promotes antioxidant defense leading to suppression of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shukla
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), Developmental Toxicology Division , Lucknow , India
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17
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Guerout N, Paviot A, Bon-Mardion N, Honoré A, Obongo R, Duclos C, Marie JP. Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells to evaluate functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. J Vis Exp 2014:e50590. [PMID: 24637657 DOI: 10.3791/50590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are neural crest cells which allow growth and regrowth of the primary olfactory neurons. Indeed, the primary olfactory system is characterized by its ability to give rise to new neurons even in adult animals. This particular ability is partly due to the presence of OECs which create a favorable microenvironment for neurogenesis. This property of OECs has been used for cellular transplantation such as in spinal cord injury models. Although the peripheral nervous system has a greater capacity to regenerate after nerve injury than the central nervous system, complete sections induce misrouting during axonal regrowth in particular after facial of laryngeal nerve transection. Specifically, full sectioning of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) induces aberrant axonal regrowth resulting in synkinesis of the vocal cords. In this specific model, we showed that OECs transplantation efficiently increases axonal regrowth. OECs are constituted of several subpopulations present in both the olfactory mucosa (OM-OECs) and the olfactory bulbs (OB-OECs). We present here a model of cellular transplantation based on the use of these different subpopulations of OECs in a RLN injury model. Using this paradigm, primary cultures of OB-OECs and OM-OECs were transplanted in Matrigel after section and anastomosis of the RLN. Two months after surgery, we evaluated transplanted animals by complementary analyses based on videolaryngoscopy, electromyography (EMG), and histological studies. First, videolaryngoscopy allowed us to evaluate laryngeal functions, in particular muscular cocontractions phenomena. Then, EMG analyses demonstrated richness and synchronization of muscular activities. Finally, histological studies based on toluidine blue staining allowed the quantification of the number and profile of myelinated fibers. All together, we describe here how to isolate, culture, identify and transplant OECs from OM and OB after RLN section-anastomosis and how to evaluate and analyze the efficiency of these transplanted cells on axonal regrowth and laryngeal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guerout
- UPRES EA3830, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet;
| | - Alexandre Paviot
- UPRES EA3830, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Rouen University Hospital
| | - Nicolas Bon-Mardion
- UPRES EA3830, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Rouen University Hospital
| | - Axel Honoré
- UPRES EA3830, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen
| | - Rais Obongo
- UPRES EA3830, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Amiens University Hospital
| | - Célia Duclos
- UPRES EA3830, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen
| | - Jean-Paul Marie
- UPRES EA3830, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Rouen University Hospital
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18
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Zhu S, Ge J, Wang Y, Qi F, Ma T, Wang M, Yang Y, Liu Z, Huang J, Luo Z. A synthetic oxygen carrier-olfactory ensheathing cell composition system for the promotion of sciatic nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1450-61. [PMID: 24246645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of lengthy peripheral nerve defects is challenging in the field of the regenerative medicine. Thus far, many nerve scaffolds with seeded cells have been developed, which hold great potential to replace nerve autograft in bridging lengthy nerve defects by providing guiding and bioactive cues. However, low oxygen status has been found within nerve scaffolds after their implantation in vivo, which has been shown to result in death or loss of function of supportive cells, and significantly limit nerve regeneration and functional recovery after nerve injury. In the present study, perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) was introduced into a collagen-chitosan conduit within which olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) were seeded to increase oxygen supply to OECs, as well as regenerating axons. The "PFTBA-OECs" enriched scaffolds were then used to bridge a 15-mm-long sciatic nerve defect in rats. Both nerve regeneration and functional recovery were examined at pre-defined time points after surgery. We found that the number of GFP-labeled OECs was significantly higher in the "PFTBA-OECs" scaffold than that in the single OECs scaffold. In addition, PFTBA was found to enhance the beneficial effect of OECs-enriched scaffold on axonal regeneration and functional recovery. All these findings indicate that the "PFTBA-OECs" enriched scaffolds are capable of promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery, which might be attributable, at least in part, to their beneficial effect on the survival of OECs after their implantation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, China
| | - Fengyu Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command of Chinese PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Meng Wang
- General Political Department Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhongyang Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Radtke C, Kocsis JD. Peripheral nerve injuries and transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells for axonal regeneration and remyelination: fact or fiction? Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23202929 PMCID: PMC3497303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131012911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful nerve regeneration after nerve trauma is not only important for the restoration of motor and sensory functions, but also to reduce the potential for abnormal sensory impulse generation that can occur following neuroma formation. Satisfying functional results after severe lesions are difficult to achieve and the development of interventional methods to achieve optimal functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is of increasing clinical interest. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been used to improve axonal regeneration and functional outcome in a number of studies in spinal cord injury models. The rationale is that the OECs may provide trophic support and a permissive environment for axonal regeneration. The experimental transplantation of OECs to support and enhance peripheral nerve regeneration is much more limited. This chapter reviews studies using OECs as an experimental cell therapy to improve peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; E-Mail:
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-8864; Fax: +49-511-532-8890
| | - Jeffery D. Kocsis
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; E-Mail:
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Penna V, Stark GB, Wewetzer K, Radtke C, Lang EM. Comparison of Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells for peripheral nerve gap bridging. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 196:534-42. [PMID: 22699447 DOI: 10.1159/000338059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previously, we introduced the biogenic conduit (BC) as a novel autologous nerve conduit for bridging peripheral nerve defects and tested its regenerative capacity in a short- and long-term setting. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether intraluminal application of regeneration-promoting glial cells, including Schwann cells (SC) and olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC), displayed differential effects after sciatic nerve gap bridging. MATERIAL AND METHODS BCs were generated as previously described. The conduits filled with fibrin/SC (n = 8) and fibrin/OEC (n = 8) were compared to autologous nerve transplants (NT; n = 8) in the 15-mm sciatic nerve gap lesion model of the rat. The sciatic functional index was evaluated every 4 weeks. After 16 weeks, histological evaluation followed regarding nerve area, axon number, myelination index and N ratio. RESULTS Common to all groups was a continual improvement in motor function during the observation period. Recovery was significantly better after SC transplantation compared to OEC (p < 0.01). Both cell transplantation groups showed significantly worse function than the NT group (p < 0.01). Whereas nerve area and axon number were correlated to function, being significantly lowest in the OEC group (p < 0.001), both cell groups showed lowered myelination (p < 0.001) and lower N ratio compared to the NT group. DISCUSSION SC-filled BCs led to improved regeneration compared to OEC-filled BCs in a 15-mm-long nerve gap model of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Penna
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Sedaghati T, Yang SY, Mosahebi A, Alavijeh MS, Seifalian AM. Nerve regeneration with aid of nanotechnology and cellular engineering. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 58:288-300. [PMID: 21995532 DOI: 10.1002/bab.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Repairing nerve defects with large gaps remains one of the most operative challenges for surgeons. Incomplete recovery from peripheral nerve injuries can produce a diversity of negative outcomes, including numbness, impairment of sensory or motor function, possibility of developing chronic pain, and devastating permanent disability. In the last few years, numerous microsurgical techniques, such as coaptation, nerve autograft, and different biological or polymeric nerve conduits, have been developed to reconstruct a long segment of damaged peripheral nerve. A few of these techniques are promising and have become popular among surgeons. Advancements in the field of tissue engineering have led to development of synthetic nerve conduits as an alternative for the nerve autograft technique, which is the current practice to bridge nerve defects with gaps larger than 30 mm. However, to date, despite significant progress in this field, no material has been found to be an ideal alternative to the nerve autograft. This article briefly reviews major up-to-date published studies using different materials as an alternative to the nerve autograft to bridge peripheral nerve gaps in an attempt to assess their ability to support and enhance nerve regeneration and their prospective drawbacks, and also highlights the promising hope for nerve regeneration with the next generation of nerve conduits, which has been significantly enhanced with the tissue engineering approach, especially with the aid of nanotechnology in development of the three-dimensional scaffold. The goal is to determine potential alternatives for nerve regeneration and repair that are simply and directly applicable in clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sedaghati
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Guérout N, Paviot A, Bon-Mardion N, Duclos C, Genty D, Jean L, Boyer O, Marie JP. Co-transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells from mucosa and bulb origin enhances functional recovery after peripheral nerve lesion. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22816. [PMID: 21826209 PMCID: PMC3149611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) represent an interesting candidate for cell therapy and could be obtained from olfactory mucosa (OM-OECs) or olfactory bulbs (OB-OECs). Recent reports suggest that, depending on their origin, OECs display different functional properties. We show here the complementary and additive effects of co-transplanting OM-OECs and OB-OECs after lesion of a peripheral nerve. For this, a selective motor denervation of the laryngeal muscles was performed by a section/anastomosis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Two months after surgery, recovery of the laryngeal movements and synkinesis phenonema were analyzed by videolaryngoscopy. To complete these assessments, measure of latency and potential duration were determined by electrophysiological recordings and myelinated nerve fiber profiles were defined based on toluidine blue staining. To explain some of the mechanisms involved, tracking of GFP positive OECs was performed. It appears that transplantation of OM-OECs or OB-OECs displayed opposite abilities to improve functional recovery. Indeed, OM-OECs increased recuperation of laryngeal muscles activities without appropriate functional recovery. In contrast, OB-OECs induced some functional recovery by enhancing axonal regrowth. Importantly, co-transplantation of OM-OECs and OB-OECs supported a major functional recovery, with reduction of synkinesis phenomena. This study is the first which clearly demonstrates the complementary and additive properties of OECs obtained from olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb to improve functional recovery after transplantation in a nerve lesion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guérout
- Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap Ventilatoire (GRHV), UPRES EA 3830, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Haute Normandie (IRIB), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.
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Paviot A, Bon-Mardion N, Duclos C, Marie JP, Guérout N. Although olfactory ensheathing cells have remarkable potential to sustain nerve regeneration, they cannot be applied to a severe vagus nerve section/resection model. Muscle Nerve 2011; 43:919-20. [PMID: 21607975 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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