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Steinert ND, Jorgenson KW, Lin KH, Hermanson JB, Lemens JL, Hornberger TA. A novel method for visualizing in-vivo rates of protein degradation provides insight into how TRIM28 regulates muscle size. iScience 2023; 26:106526. [PMID: 37070069 PMCID: PMC10105291 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle size is controlled by the balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Given the essential role of skeletal muscle in maintaining a high quality of life, understanding the mechanisms that modulate this balance are of critical importance. Previously, we demonstrated that muscle-specific knockout of TRIM28 reduces muscle size and function and in the current study, we discovered that this effect is associated with an increase in protein degradation and a dramatic reduction in the expression of Mettl21c. Importantly, we also determined that overexpression of Mettl21c is sufficient to induce hypertrophy in both control and TRIM28 knockout muscles. Moreover, we developed a simple pulse-chase biorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging technique that enabled us to visualize the in vivo rate of protein degradation, and with this technique were able to conclude that the hypertrophic effect of Mettl21c is due, at least in part, to an inhibition of protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel D. Steinert
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kent W. Jorgenson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jake B. Hermanson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jake L. Lemens
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Troy A. Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Metabolic Pathways and Ion Channels Involved in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: A Starting Point for Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162566. [PMID: 36010642 PMCID: PMC9406740 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue has the important function of supporting and defending the organism. It is the largest apparatus in the human body, and its function is important for contraction and movements. In addition, it is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. In fact, inhibition of protein synthesis and/or activation of catabolism determines a pathological condition called muscle atrophy. Muscle atrophy is a reduction in muscle mass resulting in a partial or complete loss of function. It has been established that many physiopathological conditions can cause a reduction in muscle mass. Nevertheless, it is not well known that the molecular mechanisms and signaling processes caused this dramatic event. There are multiple concomitant processes involved in muscle atrophy. In fact, the gene transcription of some factors, oxidative stress mechanisms, and the alteration of ion transport through specific ion channels may contribute to muscle function impairment. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms responsible for muscle damage and potential drugs to be used to alleviate this disabling condition.
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Ostrowski RP, Pucko E, Matyja E. Proteasome and Neuroprotective Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Preconditioning in Experimental Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Front Neurol 2022; 13:812581. [PMID: 35250819 PMCID: PMC8891759 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.812581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated the involvement of the proteasome in the mechanism of preconditioning with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO-PC). Methods The experiments were performed on male Wistar rats subjected to a transient global cerebral ischemia of 5 min duration (2-vessel occlusion model) and preconditioned or not with HBO for 5 preceding days (1 h HBO at 2.5 atmosphere absolute [ATA] daily). In subgroups of preconditioned rats, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 was administered 30 min prior to each preconditioning session. Twenty-four hours and 7 days post-ischemia, after neurobehavioral assessment, the brains were collected and evaluated for morphological changes and quantitative immunohistochemistry of cell markers and apoptosis-related proteins. Results We observed reduced damage of CA1 pyramidal cells in the HBO preconditioned group only at 7 days post-ischemia. However, both at early (24 h) and later (7 days) time points, HBO-PC enhanced the tissue expression of 20S core particle of the proteasome and of the nestin, diminished astroglial reactivity, and reduced p53, rabbit anti-p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and rabbit anti-B cell lymphoma-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) expressions in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. HBO-PC also improved T-maze performance at 7 days. Proteasome inhibitor abolished the beneficial effects of HBO-PC on post-ischemic neuronal injury and functional impairment and reduced the ischemic alterations in the expression of investigated proteins. Significance Preconditioning with hyperbaric oxygen-induced brain protection against severe ischemic brain insult appears to involve the proteasome, which can be linked to a depletion of apoptotic proteins and improved regenerative potential.
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Tadokoro K, Yamashita T, Shang J, Ohta Y, Nomura E, Morihara R, Omote Y, Takemoto M, Abe K. Switching the Proteolytic System from the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System to Autophagy in the Spinal Cord of an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2021; 466:47-57. [PMID: 33974963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of damaged proteins takes place via two major proteolytic pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. However, since it is unclear how these two proteolytic pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we investigated the switching mechanism from UPS to autophagy by pharmacologically modifying these pathways by treating the spinal cords of female ALS mouse model bearing G93A human SOD1 (G93A mice) with MG132 or 3-methyladenine (3MA). G93A mice exhibited a progressive increase in the amount of ubiquitin and p62 aggregates, BAG3 expression, and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in both astroglia and motor neurons. Treatment with MG132 or 3MA significantly increased the clinical hanging wire score and exacerbated α-motor neuron loss at 18 weeks in G93A mice, and increased the amount of ubiquitin, p62 aggregates, and BAG3 expression. This study's results demonstrate that the molecular switch from UPS to autophagy occurred not only in motor neurons but also in astroglia at the end stage (18 weeks) when the autophagic flux was impaired in G93A mice. This finding suggests that the defense system was disrupted against aggregate-prone protein production in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Tadokoro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jingwei Shang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Emi Nomura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshio Omote
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Lim S, Haynie WS, Jansen LT, Westervelt LC, Amos MG, Washington TA, Greene NP. Altering aspects of mitochondrial quality to improve musculoskeletal outcomes in disuse atrophy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1290-1303. [PMID: 32940556 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00407.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a significant moderator for disease prognosis; as such, interventions to mitigate disuse-induced muscle loss are imperative to improve clinical interventions. Mitochondrial deteriorations may underlie disuse-induced myopathies; therefore, improving mitochondrial quality may be an enticing therapeutic intervention. However, different mitochondria-based treatments may have divergent impacts on the prognosis of disuse atrophy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate different mitochondria-centered interventions during disuse atrophy in hindlimb unloaded male and female mice. Male and female mice overexpressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) or mitochondrially targeted catalase (MCAT) and their respective wild-type (WT) littermate controls were hindlimb unloaded for 7 days to induce disuse atrophy or allowed normal ambulatory activity (cage control; CON). After designated interventions, animals were euthanized, and tissues were collected for measures of mitochondrial quality control and protein turnover. Although PGC-1α overexpression mitigated ubiquitin-proteasome activation (MuRF1 and Atrogin mRNA content), this did not correspond to phenotypic protections from disuse-induced atrophy. Rather, PGC-1α mice appeared to have a greater reliance on autophagic protein breakdown compared with WT mice. In MCAT mice, females exhibited a mitigated response to disuse atrophy; however, this effect was not noted in males. Despite these phenotypic differences, there were no clear cellular signaling differences between MCAT hindlimb unloaded females and MCAT fully loaded females. PGC-1α overexpression does not protect against phenotypic alterations during disuse atrophy but appears to shift catabolic pathways moderating atrophy. However, increased mitochondrially targeted catalase activity appears to blunt disuse atrophy within highly oxidative muscles specifically in female mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present data suggesting that mitochondria-based interventions may mitigate disuse atrophy. However, the efficacy of mitochondria-based interventions may vary depending on the specific target of the intervention and the sex of the organism. Females appear to be more responsive to increased mitochondrial catalase as a potential therapeutic for mitigating disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Seongkyun Lim
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Wesley S Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Lisa T Jansen
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Lauren C Westervelt
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Madeline G Amos
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Docosahexaenoic Acid, a Potential Treatment for Sarcopenia, Modulates the Ubiquitin-Proteasome and the Autophagy-Lysosome Systems. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092597. [PMID: 32859116 PMCID: PMC7551806 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristic features of aging is the progressive loss of muscle mass, a nosological syndrome called sarcopenia. It is also a pathologic risk factor for many clinically adverse outcomes in older adults. Therefore, delaying the loss of muscle mass, through either boosting muscle protein synthesis or slowing down muscle protein degradation using nutritional supplements could be a compelling strategy to address the needs of the world’s aging population. Here, we review the recently identified properties of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It was shown to delay muscle wasting by stimulating intermediate oxidative stress and inhibiting proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins. Both the ubiquitin–proteasome and the autophagy–lysosome systems are modulated by DHA. Collectively, growing evidence indicates that DHA is a potent pharmacological agent that could improve muscle homeostasis. Better understanding of cellular proteolytic systems associated with sarcopenia will allow us to identify novel therapeutic interventions, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, to treat this disease.
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Cardaci TD, Machek SB, Wilburn DT, Hwang PS, Willoughby DS. Ubiquitin Proteasome System Activity is Suppressed by Curcumin following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Human Skeletal Muscle. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:401-411. [PMID: 32701392 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1783721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound that is suggested to dysregulate the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This study investigated the effects of curcumin supplementation on markers of UPS activity in response to muscle damage. METHODS Twenty-three recreationally active male and females between the ages of 18-30 were randomized into a curcumin (CUR) or placebo (PLA) group. Both groups ingested 2 g of their respective supplement and 20 mg of piperine for 11 consecutive days. Following 8 consecutive days of supplementation, participants performed a 45-minute eccentrically-biased treadmill protocol at 60% VO2max. Muscle biopsies and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) assessments were performed 30 minutes prior and 3, 24, 48, and 72 hours following exercise. Skeletal muscle ubiquitin, MAFbx/Atrogin-1, ubiquitin specific peptidase 19 (USP19), and chymotrypsin-like protease concentrations were measured using ELISA. A 3-way repeated measures ANOVA with pairwise comparisons was conducted with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Compared to baseline, DOMS for both groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05) at all time points except 72 hours following exercise. No significant differences were found for USP19 between groups. Ubiquitin (p=.016) and MAFbx/Atrogin-1 (p=.006) were significantly lower for CUR compared to PLA. Additionally, MAFbx/Atrogin-1 was significantly greater for females (p=.013) compared to males. In males, curcumin resulted in significant reductions (p = .049) in chymotrypsin-like protease (p = .049). CONCLUSION While elevations in UPS activity were not observed in response to muscle damage, curcumin supplementation in humans does appear to dysregulate basal UPS activity in the presence of exercise-induced muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Cardaci
- Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, Exercise & Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Steven B Machek
- Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, Exercise & Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Dylan T Wilburn
- Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, Exercise & Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Paul S Hwang
- Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, Exercise & Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, Exercise & Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas, USA
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8
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Emerging Strategies Targeting Catabolic Muscle Stress Relief. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134681. [PMID: 32630118 PMCID: PMC7369951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting represents a common trait in many conditions, including aging, cancer, heart failure, immobilization, and critical illness. Loss of muscle mass leads to impaired functional mobility and severely impedes the quality of life. At present, exercise training remains the only proven treatment for muscle atrophy, yet many patients are too ill, frail, bedridden, or neurologically impaired to perform physical exertion. The development of novel therapeutic strategies that can be applied to an in vivo context and attenuate secondary myopathies represents an unmet medical need. This review discusses recent progress in understanding the molecular pathways involved in regulating skeletal muscle wasting with a focus on pro-catabolic factors, in particular, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and its activating muscle-specific E3 ligase RING-finger protein 1 (MuRF1). Mechanistic progress has provided the opportunity to design experimental therapeutic concepts that may affect the ubiquitin-proteasome system and prevent subsequent muscle wasting, with novel advances made in regards to nutritional supplements, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) inhibitors, myostatin antibodies, β2 adrenergic agonists, and small-molecules interfering with MuRF1, which all emerge as a novel in vivo treatment strategies for muscle wasting.
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Ucci S, Renzini A, Russi V, Mangialardo C, Cammarata I, Cavioli G, Santaguida MG, Virili C, Centanni M, Adamo S, Moresi V, Verga-Falzacappa C. Thyroid Hormone Protects from Fasting-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Promoting Metabolic Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225754. [PMID: 31731814 PMCID: PMC6888244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones regulate a wide range of cellular responses, via non-genomic and genomic actions, depending on cell-specific thyroid hormone transporters, co-repressors, or co-activators. Skeletal muscle has been identified as a direct target of thyroid hormone T3, where it regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as myofiber metabolism. However, the effects of T3 in muscle-wasting conditions have not been yet addressed. Being T3 primarily responsible for the regulation of metabolism, we challenged mice with fasting and found that T3 counteracted starvation-induced muscle atrophy. Interestingly, T3 did not prevent the activation of the main catabolic pathways, i.e., the ubiquitin-proteasome or the autophagy-lysosomal systems, nor did it stimulate de novo muscle synthesis in starved muscles. Transcriptome analyses revealed that T3 mainly affected the metabolic processes in starved muscle. Further analyses of myofiber metabolism revealed that T3 prevented the starvation-mediated metabolic shift, thus preserving skeletal muscle mass. Our study elucidated new T3 functions in regulating skeletal muscle homeostasis and metabolism in pathological conditions, opening to new potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarassunta Ucci
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Valentina Russi
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Claudia Mangialardo
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Giorgia Cavioli
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Maria Giulia Santaguida
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Sergio Adamo
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Viviana Moresi
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cecilia Verga-Falzacappa
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
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Adams V, Bowen TS, Werner S, Barthel P, Amberger C, Konzer A, Graumann J, Sehr P, Lewis J, Provaznik J, Benes V, Büttner P, Gasch A, Mangner N, Witt CC, Labeit D, Linke A, Labeit S. Small-molecule-mediated chemical knock-down of MuRF1/MuRF2 and attenuation of diaphragm dysfunction in chronic heart failure. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:1102-1115. [PMID: 31140761 PMCID: PMC6818456 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (CHF) leads to diaphragm myopathy that significantly impairs quality of life and worsens prognosis. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of a recently discovered small-molecule inhibitor of MuRF1 in treating CHF-induced diaphragm myopathy and loss of contractile function. METHODS Myocardial infarction was induced in mice by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Sham-operated animals (sham) served as controls. One week post-left anterior descending coronary artery ligation animals were randomized into two groups-one group was fed control rodent chow, whereas the other group was fed a diet containing 0.1% of the compound ID#704946-a recently described MuRF1-interfering small molecule. Echocardiography confirmed development of CHF after 10 weeks. Functional and molecular analysis of the diaphragm was subsequently performed. RESULTS Chronic heart failure induced diaphragm fibre atrophy and contractile dysfunction by ~20%, as well as decreased activity of enzymes involved in mitochondrial energy production (P < 0.05). Treatment with compound ID#704946 in CHF mice had beneficial effects on the diaphragm: contractile function was protected, while mitochondrial enzyme activity and up-regulation of the MuRF1 and MuRF2 was attenuated after infarct. CONCLUSIONS Our murine CHF model presented with diaphragm fibre atrophy, impaired contractile function, and reduced mitochondrial enzyme activities. Compound ID#704946 rescued from this partially, possibly by targeting MuRF1/MuRF2. However, at this stage of our study, we refrain to claim specific mechanism(s) and targets of compound ID#704946, because the nature of changes after 12 weeks of feeding is likely to be complex and is not necessarily caused by direct mechanistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Adams
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Werner
- University Clinic of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peggy Barthel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Anne Konzer
- Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Peter Sehr
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joe Lewis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Provaznik
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- University Clinic of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Gasch
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norman Mangner
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian C Witt
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dittmar Labeit
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Myomedix GmbH, Neckargemünd, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siegfried Labeit
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Myomedix GmbH, Neckargemünd, Germany
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11
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Greene NP. Muscle metabolism and atrophy: let's talk about sex. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:43. [PMID: 31462271 PMCID: PMC6714453 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health is a strong predictor of overall health and longevity. Pathologies affecting skeletal muscle such as cancer cachexia, intensive care unit treatment, muscular dystrophies, and others are associated with decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Recent research has begun to determine that these muscular pathologies appear to present and develop differently between males and females. However, to our knowledge, there has yet to be a comprehensive review on musculoskeletal differences between males and females and how these differences may contribute to sex differences in muscle pathologies. Herein, we present a review of the current literature on muscle phenotype and physiology between males and females and how these differences may contribute to differential responses to atrophic stimuli. In general, females appear to be more susceptible to disuse induced muscle wasting, yet protected from inflammation induced (such as cancer cachexia) muscle wasting compared to males. These differences may be due in part to differences in muscle protein turnover, satellite cell content and proliferation, hormonal interactions, and mitochondrial differences between males and females. However, more works specifically examining muscle pathologies in females are necessary to more fully understand the inherent sex-based differences in muscle pathologies between the sexes and how they may correspond to different clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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12
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Houston FE, Hain BA, Dodd SL. Inhibition of the proteasome partially attenuates atrophy in botulinum neurotoxin treated skeletal muscle. Toxicon 2018; 144:48-54. [PMID: 29407164 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is used as a therapeutic tool to induce chemical denervation of spastically contracted muscles, yet the neurotoxin can also cause skeletal muscle atrophy. The underlying proteolytic mechanisms that induce this atrophy remain unclear. Our previous work has highlighted increased ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) activity in soleus muscle of male Sprague Dawley rats following hind limb injection of BoNT/A, with the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20s proteasome the most active. Thus, we chose to inhibit 20s proteasome activity in BoNT/A injected hind limb to determine the effect on soleus muscle atrophy. Epoxomicin is commonly used to inhibit the proteasome in vivo, binding specifically and irreversibly to the 20s proteasome catalytic subunits. Daily subcutaneous injections of epoxomicin abolished BoNT/A-induced elevations in 20s chymotrypsin-like activity both 3 days and 10 days post BoNT/A injection. Furthermore, BoNT/A-induced elevations in polyubiquitination remained elevated in BoNT/A + epoxomicin treated muscle, presumably due to epoxomicin's inhibition of the proteasome causing a back-up of polyubiquitinated proteins. Despite inhibition of the proteasome, epoxomicin was insufficient to significantly attenuate soleus muscle fiber atrophy 3 days following BoNT/A injection however, 10 days of daily epoxomicin injection was sufficient to spare ∼20% of muscle wasting. The mechanism of the remaining 80% of BoNT/A-induced atrophy presumably occurs via mechanisms outside of the 20s proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser E Houston
- Department of Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian A Hain
- Department of Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen L Dodd
- Department of Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Pigna E, Renzini A, Greco E, Simonazzi E, Fulle S, Mancinelli R, Moresi V, Adamo S. HDAC4 preserves skeletal muscle structure following long-term denervation by mediating distinct cellular responses. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:6. [PMID: 29477142 PMCID: PMC6389241 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Denervation triggers numerous molecular responses in skeletal muscle, including the activation of catabolic pathways and oxidative stress, leading to progressive muscle atrophy. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) mediates skeletal muscle response to denervation, suggesting the use of HDAC inhibitors as a therapeutic approach to neurogenic muscle atrophy. However, the effects of HDAC4 inhibition in skeletal muscle in response to long-term denervation have not been described yet. METHODS To further study HDAC4 functions in response to denervation, we analyzed mutant mice in which HDAC4 is specifically deleted in skeletal muscle. RESULTS After an initial phase of resistance to neurogenic muscle atrophy, skeletal muscle with a deletion of HDAC4 lost structural integrity after 4 weeks of denervation. Deletion of HDAC4 impaired the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, delayed the autophagic response, and dampened the OS response in skeletal muscle. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system or the autophagic response, if on the one hand, conferred resistance to neurogenic muscle atrophy; on the other hand, induced loss of muscle integrity and inflammation in mice lacking HDAC4 in skeletal muscle. Moreover, treatment with the antioxidant drug Trolox prevented loss of muscle integrity and inflammation in in mice lacking HDAC4 in skeletal muscle, despite the resistance to neurogenic muscle atrophy. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal new functions of HDAC4 in mediating skeletal muscle response to denervation and lead us to propose the combined use of HDAC inhibitors and antioxidant drugs to treat neurogenic muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pigna
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Greco
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Simonazzi
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences-Section of Physiology and Physiopathology, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences-Section of Physiology and Physiopathology, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Viviana Moresi
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Adamo
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Van Thienen R, Masschelein E, D'Hulst G, Thomis M, Hespel P. Twin Resemblance in Muscle HIF-1α Responses to Hypoxia and Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 7:676. [PMID: 28149279 PMCID: PMC5241297 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of myocellular adaptation to exercise and hypoxia. However, the role of genetic factors in regulation of HIF-1 responses to exercise and hypoxia is unknown. We hypothesized that hypoxia at rest and during exercise stimulates the HIF-1 pathway and its downstream targets in energy metabolism regulation in a genotype-dependent manner. Eleven monozygotic twin (MZ) pairs performed an experimental trial in both normoxia and hypoxia (FiO2 10.7%). Biopsies were taken from m. vastus lateralis before and after a 20-min submaximal cycling bout @~30% of sea-level VO2max. Key-markers of the HIF-1 pathway and glycolytic and oxidative metabolism were analyzed using real-time PCR and Western Blot. Hypoxia increased HIF-1α protein expression by ~120% at rest vs. +150% during exercise (p < 0.05). Furthermore, hypoxia but not exercise increased muscle mRNA content of HIF-1α (+50%), PHD2 (+45%), pVHL (+45%; p < 0.05), PDK4 (+1200%), as well as PFK-M (+20%) and PPAR-γ1 (+60%; p < 0.05). Neither hypoxia nor exercise altered PHD1, LDH-A, PDH-A1, COX-4, and CS mRNA expressions. The hypoxic, but not normoxic exercise-induced increment of muscle HIF-1α mRNA content was about 10-fold more similar within MZ twins than between the twins (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in resting muscle the hypoxia-induced increments of muscle HIF-1α protein content, and HIF-1α and PDK4 mRNA content were about 3-4-fold more homogeneous within than between the twins pairs (p < 0.05). The present observations in monozygotic twins for the first time clearly indicate that the HIF-1α protein as well as mRNA responses to submaximal exercise in acute hypoxia are at least partly regulated by genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Van Thienen
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evi Masschelein
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Thomis
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Liu J, Zhu H, Zhong N, Jiang Z, Xu L, Deng Y, Jiang Z, Wang H, Wang J. Gene silencing of USP1 by lentivirus effectively inhibits proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2549-2557. [PMID: 27840911 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent malignant bone tumor, affecting the extremities of adolescents and young adults. Ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) plays a critical role in many cellular processes including proteasome degradation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation. In the present study, we discovered that USP1 was overexpressed in 26 out of 30 osteosarcoma tissues compared to cartilage tumor tissues and normal bone tissues. We then constructed a lentiviral vector mediating RNA interference (RNAi) targeting USP1 and demonstrated that it significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of the USP1 gene in U2OS cells. Knockdown of USP1 inhibited the growth and colony-forming, as well as significantly reduced the invasiveness of U2OS cells. Western blot analysis indicated that suppression of USP1 downregulated the expression of many proteins including SIK2, MMP-2, GSK-3β, Bcl-2, Stat3, cyclin E1, Notch1, Wnt-1 and cyclin A1. Most of these proteins are associated with tumor genesis and development. RNAi of SIK2 significantly decreased SIK2 protein expression and inhibited the ability of forming colonies, as well as induced apoptosis and reduced the invasiveness of U2OS cells. Collectively, our results suggest that silencing USP1 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in U2OS cells. Therefore, USP1 may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Zifeng Jiang
- Clinical Laboratories, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lele Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China
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Rom O, Reznick AZ. The role of E3 ubiquitin-ligases MuRF-1 and MAFbx in loss of skeletal muscle mass. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:218-230. [PMID: 26738803 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main regulatory mechanism of protein degradation in skeletal muscle. The ubiquitin-ligase enzymes (E3s) have a central role in determining the selectivity and specificity of the UPS. Since their identification in 2001, the muscle specific E3s, muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), have been shown to be implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle atrophy in various pathological and physiological conditions. This review aims to explore the involvement of MuRF-1 and MAFbx in catabolism of skeletal muscle during various pathologies, such as cancer cachexia, sarcopenia of aging, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, the effects of various lifestyle and modifiable factors (e.g. nutrition, exercise, cigarette smoking, and alcohol) on MuRF-1 and MAFbx regulation will be discussed. Finally, evidence of potential strategies to protect against skeletal muscle wasting through inhibition of MuRF-1 and MAFbx expression will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Abraham Z Reznick
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa, Israel
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17
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Fielitz J. Cancer cachexia-when proteasomal inhibition is not enough. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:239-45. [PMID: 27386167 PMCID: PMC4929817 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Fielitz
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Charité--Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany; Department of Cardiology Heart Center Brandenburg and Medical School Brandenburg (MHB) Bernau Germany
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18
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Reid MB, Judge AR, Bodine SC. Rebuttal from Michael B. Reid, Andrew R. Judge and Sue C. Bodine. J Physiol 2015; 592:5351. [PMID: 25512438 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Reid
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew R Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
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19
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Hooijman PE, Beishuizen A, Witt CC, de Waard MC, Girbes ARJ, Spoelstra-de Man AME, Niessen HWM, Manders E, van Hees HWH, van den Brom CE, Silderhuis V, Lawlor MW, Labeit S, Stienen GJM, Hartemink KJ, Paul MA, Heunks LMA, Ottenheijm CAC. Diaphragm muscle fiber weakness and ubiquitin-proteasome activation in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:1126-38. [PMID: 25760684 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201412-2214oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The clinical significance of diaphragm weakness in critically ill patients is evident: it prolongs ventilator dependency, and increases morbidity and duration of hospital stay. To date, the nature of diaphragm weakness and its underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that diaphragm muscle fibers of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients display atrophy and contractile weakness, and that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is activated in the diaphragm. METHODS We obtained diaphragm muscle biopsies from 22 critically ill patients who received mechanical ventilation before surgery and compared these with biopsies obtained from patients during thoracic surgery for resection of a suspected early lung malignancy (control subjects). In a proof-of-concept study in a muscle-specific ring finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) knockout mouse model, we evaluated the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the development of contractile weakness during mechanical ventilation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Both slow- and fast-twitch diaphragm muscle fibers of critically ill patients had approximately 25% smaller cross-sectional area, and had contractile force reduced by half or more. Markers of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were significantly up-regulated in the diaphragm of critically ill patients. Finally, MuRF-1 knockout mice were protected against the development of diaphragm contractile weakness during mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that diaphragm muscle fibers of critically ill patients display atrophy and severe contractile weakness, and in the diaphragm of critically ill patients the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is activated. This study provides rationale for the development of treatment strategies that target the contractility of diaphragm fibers to facilitate weaning.
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20
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Su Z, Robinson A, Hu L, Klein JD, Hassounah F, Li M, Wang H, Cai H, Wang XH. Acupuncture plus Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation (Acu-LFES) Attenuates Diabetic Myopathy by Enhancing Muscle Regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134511. [PMID: 26230945 PMCID: PMC4521913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality and morbidity are increased in patients with muscle atrophy resulting from catabolic diseases such as diabetes. At present there is no pharmacological treatment that successfully reverses muscle wasting from catabolic conditions. We hypothesized that acupuncture plus low frequency electric stimulation (Acu-LFES) would mimic the impact of exercise and prevent diabetes-induced muscle loss. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in mice. The mice were then treated with Acu-LFES for 15 minutes daily for 14 days. Acupuncture points were selected according to the WHO Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature guide. The needles were connected to an SDZ-II electronic acupuncture device delivering pulses at 20Hz and 1mA. Acu-LFES prevented soleus and EDL muscle weight loss and increased hind-limb muscle grip function in diabetic mice. Muscle regeneration capacity was significantly increased by Acu-LFES. The expression of Pax7, MyoD, myogenin and embryo myosin heavy chain (eMyHC) was significantly decreased in diabetic muscle vs. control muscle. The suppressed levels in diabetic muscle were reversed by Acu-LFES. The IGF-1 signaling pathway was also upregulated by Acu-LFES. Phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and p70S6K were downregulated by diabetes leading to a decline in muscle mass, however, Acu-LFES countered the diabetes-induced decline. In addition, microRNA-1 and -206 were increased by Acu-LFES after 24 days of treatment. We conclude that Acu-LFES is effective in counteracting diabetes-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by increasing IGF-1 and its stimulation of muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Su
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Alayna Robinson
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Li Hu
- Acumox and Tuina Research Section, College of Acumox and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Janet D. Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Faten Hassounah
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Min Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Haidong Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Hui Cai
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Xiaonan H. Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sei H, Taguchi A, Nishida N, Hato N, Gyo K. Preventive effects of bortezomib on denervation-induced atrophy of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles: an experimental study in the rat. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 135:713-7. [PMID: 25813911 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1006793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Bortezomib was effective in attenuating atrophy of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle, but not the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle. This was probably due to differences in the fiber composition of the two muscles. The PCA muscle is composed of a combination of fast- and slow-twitch fibers, and therefore is more resistant to atrophy than the TA muscle, which is composed solely of fast-twitch fibers. OBJECTIVES To investigate the preventive effects of bortezomib on denervation-induced atrophy of the TA and PCA muscles in the rat. METHODS Following transection of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, bortezomib (100 μg/kg) was administered subcutaneously on post-denervation days 1 and 4, followed by a 10-day rest period every 14 days; each 2-week period constituted a single treatment cycle. In controls, saline was administered instead. Animals were killed for histological examination at 4 (n = 6), 8 (n = 7), and 12 (n = 7) weeks post-denervation. Muscle atrophy was assessed using three indices: wet muscle weight, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and the number of muscle fibers/mm(2). The effects of bortezomib were evaluated by comparing the left (L) and right (R) muscles, with sequential changes in the L/R ratio assessed. RESULTS In saline-administered animals, atrophy of the left-sided TA and PCA muscles progressed rapidly during the first 4 weeks post-denervation, following which progression slowed. Atrophy was greater in the TA compared with the PCA muscle, although this difference was not statistically significant. In bortezomib-administered animals, atrophy of the PCA muscle was attenuated significantly at post-denervation weeks 8 and 12; no such reduction in atrophy was observed for the TA muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ehime University, School of Medicine , Toon-city Shitsukawa, Ehime
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Houston FE, Hain BA, Adams TJ, Houston KL, O'Keeffe R, Dodd SL. Heat shock protein 70 overexpression does not attenuate atrophy in botulinum neurotoxin type A-treated skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:83-92. [PMID: 25953835 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00233.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is used clinically to induce therapeutic chemical denervation of spastically contracted skeletal muscles. However, BoNT/A administration can also cause atrophy. We sought to determine whether a major proteolytic pathway contributing to atrophy in multiple models of muscle wasting, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), is involved in BoNT/A-induced atrophy. Three and ten days following BoNT/A injection of rat hindlimb, soleus muscle fiber cross-sectional area was reduced 25 and 65%, respectively. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB and Foxo was significantly elevated at 3 days (2- to 4-fold) and 10 days (5- to 6-fold). Muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) activity was elevated (2-fold) after 3 days but not 10 days, while atrogin-1 activity was not elevated at any time point. BoNT/A-induced polyubiquitination occurred after 3 days (3-fold increase) but was totally absent after 10 days. Proteasome activity was elevated (1.5- to 2-fold) after 3 and 10 days. We employed the use of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) to inhibit NF-κB and Foxo transcriptional activity. Electrotransfer of Hsp70 into rat soleus, before BoNT/A administration, was insufficient to attenuate atrophy. It was also insufficient to decrease BoNT/A-induced Foxo activity at 3 days, although NF-κB activity was abolished. By 10 days both NF-κB and Foxo activation were abolished by Hsp70. Hsp70-overexpression was unable to alter the levels of BoNT/A-induced effects on MuRF1/atrogin-1, polyubiquitination, or proteasome activity. In conclusion, Hsp70 overexpression is insufficient to attenuate BoNT/A-induced atrophy. It remains unclear what proteolytic mechanism/s are contributing to BoNT/A-induced atrophy, although a Foxo-MuRF1-ubiquitin-proteasome contribution may exist, at least in early BoNT/A-induced atrophy. Further clarification of UPS involvement in BoNT/A-induced atrophy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser E Houston
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Brian A Hain
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Thomas J Adams
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Kati L Houston
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | | | - Stephen L Dodd
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
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Abstract
Atrophy occurs in specific muscles with inactivity (for example, during plaster cast immobilization) or denervation (for example, in patients with spinal cord injuries). Muscle wasting occurs systemically in older people (a condition known as sarcopenia); as a physiological response to fasting or malnutrition; and in many diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, cancer-associated cachexia, diabetes, renal failure, cardiac failure, Cushing syndrome, sepsis, burns and trauma. The rapid loss of muscle mass and strength primarily results from excessive protein breakdown, which is often accompanied by reduced protein synthesis. This loss of muscle function can lead to reduced quality of life, increased morbidity and mortality. Exercise is the only accepted approach to prevent or slow atrophy. However, several promising therapeutic agents are in development, and major advances in our understanding of the cellular mechanisms that regulate the protein balance in muscle include the identification of several cytokines, particularly myostatin, and a common transcriptional programme that promotes muscle wasting. Here, we discuss these new insights and the rationally designed therapies that are emerging to combat muscle wasting.
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Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), loss of cellular proteins increases the risks of morbidity and mortality. Persistence of muscle protein catabolism in CKD results in striking losses of muscle proteins as whole-body protein turnover is great; even small but persistent imbalances between protein synthesis and degradation cause substantial protein loss. No reliable methods to prevent CKD-induced muscle wasting currently exist, but mechanisms that control cellular protein turnover have been identified, suggesting that therapeutic strategies will be developed to suppress or block protein loss. Catabolic pathways that cause protein wasting include activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), caspase-3, lysosomes and myostatin (a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth). These pathways can be initiated by complications associated with CKD, such as metabolic acidosis, defective insulin signalling, inflammation, increased angiotensin II levels, abnormal appetite regulation and impaired microRNA responses. Inflammation stimulates cellular signalling pathways that activate myostatin, which accelerates UPS-mediated catabolism. Blocking this pathway can prevent loss of muscle proteins. Myostatin inhibition could yield new therapeutic directions for blocking muscle protein wasting in CKD or disorders associated with its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan H Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 1639 Pierce Drive, WMB 338, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, ABBR R705, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jamart C, Gomes AV, Dewey S, Deldicque L, Raymackers JM, Francaux M. Regulation of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy pathways after acute LPS and epoxomicin administration in mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:166. [PMID: 24885455 PMCID: PMC4041039 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is a major protein degradation pathway that is activated during sepsis and has been proposed as a therapeutic target for preventing skeletal muscle loss due to cachexia. Although several studies have investigated the modulation of proteasome activity in response to LPS administration, none have characterized the overall UPP response to LPS administration in the fate of proteasome inhibition. Methods Here, we determined the modulation pattern of the main key components of the UPP in the gastrocnemius (GAS) of mice during the acute phase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated endotoxemia (7.5 mg/kg – 8 h) by measuring all three β1, β2 and β5 activites of the 20S and 26S proteasomes, the levels of steady state polyubiquitinated proteins, mRNA levels of muscle ligases, as well as signaling pathways regulating the UPP. Another goal was to assess the effects of administration of a specific proteasome inhibitor (epoxomicin, 0.5 mg/kg) on UPP response to sepsis. Results The acute phase of LPS-induced endotoxemia lowered GAS/body weight ratio and increased MuRF1 and MAFbx mRNA concomitantly to an activation of the pathways known to regulate their expression. Unexpectedly, we observed a decrease in all 20S and 26S proteasome activities measured in GAS, which might be related to oxidative stress, as oxidized proteins (carbonyl levels) increase with LPS. While significantly inhibiting 20S and 26S proteasome β5 activities in heart and liver, epoxomicin did not lower proteasome activity in GAS. However, the increase in mRNA expression of the muscle ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx were partially rescued without affecting the other investigated signaling pathways. LPS also strongly activated autophagy, which could explain the observed GAS atrophy with LPS-induced reduction of proteasome activity. Conclusions Our results highlight an opposite regulation of UPP in the early hours of LPS-induced muscle atrophy by showing reduced proteasome activities and increased mRNA expression of muscle specific ligases. Furthermore, our data do not support any preventive effect of epoxomicin in muscle atrophy due to acute cachexia since proteasome activities are not further repressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin, 1 bte L8,10,01, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
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Van Thienen R, D'Hulst G, Deldicque L, Hespel P. Biochemical artifacts in experiments involving repeated biopsies in the same muscle. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00286. [PMID: 24819751 PMCID: PMC4098731 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Needle biopsies are being extensively used in clinical trials addressing muscular adaptation to exercise and diet. Still, the potential artifacts due to biopsy sampling are often overlooked. Healthy volunteers (n = 9) underwent two biopsies through a single skin incision in a pretest. Two days later (posttest) another biopsy was taken 3 cm proximally and 3 cm distally to the pretest incision. Muscle oxygenation status (tissue oxygenation index [TOI]) was measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy. Biopsy samples were analyzed for 40 key markers (mRNA and protein contents) of myocellular O2 sensing, inflammation, cell proliferation, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis and breakdown, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. In the pretest, all measurements were identical between proximal and distal biopsies. However, compared with the pretest, TOI in the posttest was reduced in the proximal (−10%, P < 0.05), but not in the distal area. Conversely, most inflammatory markers were upregulated at the distal (100–500%, P < 0.05), but not at the proximal site. Overall, 29 of the 40 markers measured, equally distributed over all pathways studied, were either up‐ or downregulated by 50–500% (P < 0.05). In addition, 19 markers yielded conflicting results between the proximal and distal measurements (P < 0.05). This study clearly documents that prior muscle biopsies can cause major disturbances in myocellular signaling pathways in needle biopsies specimens sampled 48 h later. In addition, different biopsy sites within identical experimental conditions yielded conflicting results. This study clearly demonstrates that skeletal muscle biopsying per se, at least by causing local tissue inflammation and/or topical deoxygenation, can substantially alter biochemical events happening in needle biopsy specimens sampled at a later day in the same muscle belly. It is crucial to take into account these potential artifacts whenever investigating the cellular mechanisms implicated in adaptation to exercise, recovery, or hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Van Thienen
- Exercise Physiology Research Group - Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
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Masschelein E, Van Thienen R, D'Hulst G, Hespel P, Thomis M, Deldicque L. Acute environmental hypoxia induces LC3 lipidation in a genotype-dependent manner. FASEB J 2013; 28:1022-34. [PMID: 24200883 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-239863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced muscle wasting is a phenomenon often described with prolonged stays at high altitude, which has been attributed to altered protein metabolism. We hypothesized that acute normobaric hypoxia would induce a negative net protein balance by repressing anabolic and activating proteolytic signaling pathways at rest and postexercise and that those changes could be partially genetically determined. Eleven monozygotic twins participated in an experimental trial in normoxia and hypoxia (10.7% O2). Muscle biopsy samples were obtained before and after a 20-min moderate cycling exercise. In hypoxia at rest, autophagic flux was increased, as indicated by an increased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 type II/I (LC3-II/I) ratio (+25%) and LC3-II expression (+60%) and decreased p62/SQSTM1 expression (-25%; P<0.05), whereas exercise reversed those changes to a level similar to that with normoxia except for p62/SQSTM1, which was further decreased (P<0.05). Hypoxia also increased Bnip3 (+34%) and MAFbx (+18%) mRNA levels as well as REDD1 expression (+439%) and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation (+22%; P<0.05). Among the molecular responses to hypoxia and/or exercise, high monozygotic similarity was found for REDD1, LC3-II, and LC3-II/I (P<0.05). Our results indicate that environmental hypoxia modulates protein metabolism at rest and after moderate exercise by primarily increasing markers of protein breakdown and, more specifically, markers of the autophagy-lysosomal system, with a modest genetic contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Masschelein
- 1Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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D'Hulst G, Jamart C, Van Thienen R, Hespel P, Francaux M, Deldicque L. Effect of acute environmental hypoxia on protein metabolism in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208:251-64. [PMID: 23418947 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypoxia-induced muscle wasting has been observed in several environmental and pathological conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this loss of muscle mass are far from being completely elucidated, certainly in vivo. When studying the regulation of muscle mass by environmental hypoxia, many confounding factors have to be taken into account, such as decreased protein ingestion, sleep deprivation or reduced physical activity, which make difficult to know whether hypoxia per se causes a reduction in muscle mass. AIM We hypothesized that acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia (11% O2 ) would repress the activation of the mTOR pathway usually observed after a meal and would activate the proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle. METHODS Fifteen subjects were exposed passively for 4 h to normoxic and hypoxic conditions in a random order after consumption of a light breakfast. A muscle biopsy and a blood sample were taken before, after 1 and 4 h of exposure. RESULTS After 4 h, plasma insulin concentration and the phosphorylation state of PKB and S6K1 in skeletal muscle were higher in hypoxia than in normoxia (P < 0.05). At the same time, Redd1 mRNA level was upregulated (P < 0.05), whilst MAFbx mRNA decreased (P < 0.05) in hypoxia compared with normoxia. Proteasome, cathepsin L and calpain activities were not altered by environmental hypoxia. CONCLUSION Contrary to our hypothesis and despite an increase in the mRNA level of Redd1, an inhibitor of the mTORC1 pathway, short-term acute environmental hypoxia induced a higher response of PKB and S6K1 to a meal, which may be due to increased plasma insulin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. D'Hulst
- Department of Kinesiology; Exercise Physiology Research Group; FaBeR; KU Leuven; Leuven; Belgium
| | - C. Jamart
- Institute of Neuroscience; Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve; Belgium
| | - R. Van Thienen
- Department of Kinesiology; Exercise Physiology Research Group; FaBeR; KU Leuven; Leuven; Belgium
| | - P. Hespel
- Department of Kinesiology; Exercise Physiology Research Group; FaBeR; KU Leuven; Leuven; Belgium
| | - M. Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience; Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve; Belgium
| | - L. Deldicque
- Department of Kinesiology; Exercise Physiology Research Group; FaBeR; KU Leuven; Leuven; Belgium
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Bonaldo P, Sandri M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:25-39. [PMID: 23268536 PMCID: PMC3529336 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a plastic organ that is maintained by multiple pathways regulating cell and protein turnover. During muscle atrophy, proteolytic systems are activated, and contractile proteins and organelles are removed, resulting in the shrinkage of muscle fibers. Excessive loss of muscle mass is associated with poor prognosis in several diseases, including myopathies and muscular dystrophies, as well as in systemic disorders such as cancer, diabetes, sepsis and heart failure. Muscle loss also occurs during aging. In this paper, we review the key mechanisms that regulate the turnover of contractile proteins and organelles in muscle tissue, and discuss how impairments in these mechanisms can contribute to muscle atrophy. We also discuss how protein synthesis and degradation are coordinately regulated by signaling pathways that are influenced by mechanical stress, physical activity, and the availability of nutrients and growth factors. Understanding how these pathways regulate muscle mass will provide new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy in metabolic and neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Protein breakdown in muscle wasting: role of autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2121-9. [PMID: 23665154 PMCID: PMC3775123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle adapts its mass as consequence of physical activity, metabolism and hormones. Catabolic conditions or inactivity induce signaling pathways that regulate the process of muscle loss. Muscle atrophy in adult tissue occurs when protein degradation rates exceed protein synthesis. Two major protein degradation pathways, the ubiquitin-proteasome and the autophagy-lysosome systems, are activated during muscle atrophy and variably contribute to the loss of muscle mass. These degradation systems are controlled by a transcription dependent program that modulates the expression of rate-limiting enzymes of these proteolytic systems. The transcription factors FoxO, which are negatively regulated by Insulin-Akt pathway, and NF-κB, which is activated by inflammatory cytokines, were the first to be identified as critical for the atrophy process. In the last years a variety of pathways and transcription factors have been found to be involved in regulation of atrophy. This review will focus on the last progress in ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems and their involvement in muscle atrophy. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting.
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MG132-mediated inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway ameliorates cancer cachexia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1105-15. [PMID: 23535871 PMCID: PMC7087863 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 in cancer cachexia and to delineate the molecular mechanism underlying. Methods We established an experimental cancer cachexia model by subcutaneously implanting colon 26 cells into the armpits of BALB/c mice. Following administration of MG132 at various time points, body weight, food intake, gastrocnemius muscle weight, spontaneous activity and survival of tumor-bearing mice were examined along with tumor growth. Moreover, cachectic markers including glucose, triglyceride, albumin and total proteins as well as levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and gastrocnemius tissue were measured. Finally, mRNA and protein levels of p65, IκBα, and ubiquitin E3 ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx in gastrocnemius muscle were assessed. Results MG132 treatment significantly alleviated cancer cachexia as demonstrated by attenuated weight loss, altered carbohydrate metabolism and muscle atrophy and increased spontaneous activity and survival time of tumor-bearing mice. MG132 reduced tumor growth and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and gastrocnemius tissue. NF-κB, MuRF1 and MAFbx were also inhibited by MG132. Unexpectedly, MG132 was more efficient when administrated during the early stages of cachexia. MG132 had no effect on food intake of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that MG132-induced inhibition of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in cancer cachexia decreased the activity of NF-κB and the degradation of IκBα, and reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and gastrocnemius tissue, accompanied by downregulation of MuRF1 and MAFbx. These data suggest that MG132 is a potential therapeutic and preventive agent for cancer cachexia.
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Chondrogianni N, Petropoulos I, Grimm S, Georgila K, Catalgol B, Friguet B, Grune T, Gonos ES. Protein damage, repair and proteolysis. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 35:1-71. [PMID: 23107776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are continuously affected by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Damaged proteins influence several intracellular pathways and result in different disorders and diseases. Aggregation of damaged proteins depends on the balance between their generation and their reversal or elimination by protein repair systems and degradation, respectively. With regard to protein repair, only few repair mechanisms have been evidenced including the reduction of methionine sulfoxide residues by the methionine sulfoxide reductases, the conversion of isoaspartyl residues to L-aspartate by L-isoaspartate methyl transferase and deglycation by phosphorylation of protein-bound fructosamine by fructosamine-3-kinase. Protein degradation is orchestrated by two major proteolytic systems, namely the lysosome and the proteasome. Alteration of the function for both systems has been involved in all aspects of cellular metabolic networks linked to either normal or pathological processes. Given the importance of protein repair and degradation, great effort has recently been made regarding the modulation of these systems in various physiological conditions such as aging, as well as in diseases. Genetic modulation has produced promising results in the area of protein repair enzymes but there are not yet any identified potent inhibitors, and, to our knowledge, only one activating compound has been reported so far. In contrast, different drugs as well as natural compounds that interfere with proteolysis have been identified and/or developed resulting in homeostatic maintenance and/or the delay of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Isabelle Petropoulos
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4-UPMC, IFR 83, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Grimm
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantina Georgila
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Betul Catalgol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4-UPMC, IFR 83, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
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Fanzani A, Conraads VM, Penna F, Martinet W. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy: an update. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2012; 3:163-79. [PMID: 22673968 PMCID: PMC3424188 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-012-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is defined as a decrease in muscle mass and it occurs when protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis. Potential triggers of muscle wasting are long-term immobilization, malnutrition, severe burns, aging as well as various serious and often chronic diseases, such as chronic heart failure, obstructive lung disease, renal failure, AIDS, sepsis, immune disorders, cancer, and dystrophies. Interestingly, a cooperation between several pathophysiological factors, including inappropriately adapted anabolic (e.g., growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1) and catabolic proteins (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha, myostatin), may tip the balance towards muscle-specific protein degradation through activation of the proteasomal and autophagic systems or the apoptotic pathway. Based on the current literature, we present an overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to muscle wasting. We also focus on the multifacetted therapeutic approach that is currently employed to prevent the development of muscle wasting and to counteract its progression. This approach includes adequate nutritional support, implementation of exercise training, and possible pharmacological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies and Interuniversitary Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy,
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Exercise training prevents oxidative stress and ubiquitin-proteasome system overactivity and reverse skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41701. [PMID: 22870245 PMCID: PMC3411696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is known to lead to skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction. However, intracellular mechanisms underlying HF-induced myopathy are not fully understood. We hypothesized that HF would increase oxidative stress and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) activation in skeletal muscle of sympathetic hyperactivity mouse model. We also tested the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training (AET) would reestablish UPS activation in mice and human HF. Methods/Principal Findings Time-course evaluation of plantaris muscle cross-sectional area, lipid hydroperoxidation, protein carbonylation and chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity was performed in a mouse model of sympathetic hyperactivity-induced HF. At the 7th month of age, HF mice displayed skeletal muscle atrophy, increased oxidative stress and UPS overactivation. Moderate-intensity AET restored lipid hydroperoxides and carbonylated protein levels paralleled by reduced E3 ligases mRNA levels, and reestablished chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity and plantaris trophicity. In human HF (patients randomized to sedentary or moderate-intensity AET protocol), skeletal muscle chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity was also increased and AET restored it to healthy control subjects’ levels. Conclusions Collectively, our data provide evidence that AET effectively counteracts redox imbalance and UPS overactivation, preventing skeletal myopathy and exercise intolerance in sympathetic hyperactivity-induced HF in mice. Of particular interest, AET attenuates skeletal muscle proteasome activity paralleled by improved aerobic capacity in HF patients, which is not achieved by drug treatment itself. Altogether these findings strengthen the clinical relevance of AET in the treatment of HF.
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Mougeot JLC, Li Z, Price AE, Wright FA, Brooks BR. Microarray analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from ALS patients and the SAFE detection of the KEGG ALS pathway. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:74. [PMID: 22027401 PMCID: PMC3219589 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) is a motor neuron disease with poorly understood etiology. Results of gene expression profiling studies of whole blood from ALS patients have not been validated and are difficult to relate to ALS pathogenesis because gene expression profiles depend on the relative abundance of the different cell types present in whole blood. We conducted microarray analyses using Agilent Human Whole Genome 4 × 44k Arrays on a more homogeneous cell population, namely purified peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), from ALS patients and healthy controls to identify molecular signatures possibly relevant to ALS pathogenesis. Methods Differentially expressed genes were determined by LIMMA (Linear Models for MicroArray) and SAM (Significance Analysis of Microarrays) analyses. The SAFE (Significance Analysis of Function and Expression) procedure was used to identify molecular pathway perturbations. Proteasome inhibition assays were conducted on cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ALS patients to confirm alteration of the Ubiquitin/Proteasome System (UPS). Results For the first time, using SAFE in a global gene ontology analysis (gene set size 5-100), we show significant perturbation of the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) ALS pathway of motor neuron degeneration in PBLs from ALS patients. This was the only KEGG disease pathway significantly upregulated among 25, and contributing genes, including SOD1, represented 54% of the encoded proteins or protein complexes of the KEGG ALS pathway. Further SAFE analysis, including gene set sizes >100, showed that only neurodegenerative diseases (4 out of 34 disease pathways) including ALS were significantly upregulated. Changes in UBR2 expression correlated inversely with time since onset of disease and directly with ALSFRS-R, implying that UBR2 was increased early in the course of ALS. Cultured PBMCs from ALS patients accumulated more ubiquitinated proteins than PBMCs from healthy controls in a serum-dependent manner confirming changes in this pathway. Conclusions Our study indicates that PBLs from sALS patients are strong responders to systemic signals or local signals acquired by cell trafficking, representing changes in gene expression similar to those present in brain and spinal cord of sALS patients. PBLs may provide a useful means to study ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc C Mougeot
- Department of Neurology, ALS Biomarker Laboratory-James G Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203-6110, USA.
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