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Santos AR, Koike TE, Santana AM, Miranda NC, Dell Aquila RA, Silva TC, Aoki MS, Miyabara EH. Glutamine supplementation accelerates functional recovery of EDL muscles after injury by modulating the expression of S100 calcium-binding proteins. Histochem Cell Biol 2023:10.1007/s00418-023-02194-5. [PMID: 37179509 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation on the expression of HSP70 and the calcium-binding proteins from the S100 superfamily in the recovering extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle after injury. Two-month-old Wistar rats were subjected to cryolesion of the EDL muscle and then randomly divided into two groups (with or without glutamine supplementation). Starting immediately after the injury, the supplemented group received daily doses of glutamine (1 g/kg/day, via gavage) for 3 and 10 days orally. Then, muscles were subjected to histological, molecular, and functional analysis. Glutamine supplementation induced an increase in myofiber size of regenerating EDL muscles and prevented the decline in maximum tetanic strength of these muscles evaluated 10 days after injury. An accelerated upregulation of myogenin mRNA levels was detected in glutamine-supplemented injured muscles on day 3 post-cryolesion. The HSP70 expression increased only in the injured group supplemented with glutamine for 3 days. The increase in mRNA levels of NF-κB, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and the calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9 on day 3 post-cryolesion in EDL muscles was attenuated by glutamine supplementation. In contrast, the decrease in S100A1 mRNA levels in the 3-day-injured EDL muscles was minimized by glutamine supplementation. Overall, our results suggest that glutamine supplementation accelerates the recovery of myofiber size and contractile function after injury by modulating the expression of myogenin, HSP70, NF-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and S100 calcium-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrei R Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiana E Koike
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alana M Santana
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Natalya C Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Dell Aquila
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Aoki
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Elen H Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Marchioretti C, Zanetti G, Pirazzini M, Gherardi G, Nogara L, Andreotti R, Martini P, Marcucci L, Canato M, Nath SR, Zuccaro E, Chivet M, Mammucari C, Pacifici M, Raffaello A, Rizzuto R, Mattarei A, Desbats MA, Salviati L, Megighian A, Sorarù G, Pegoraro E, Belluzzi E, Pozzuoli A, Biz C, Ruggieri P, Romualdi C, Lieberman AP, Babu GJ, Sandri M, Blaauw B, Basso M, Pennuto M. Defective excitation-contraction coupling and mitochondrial respiration precede mitochondrial Ca 2+ accumulation in spinobulbar muscular atrophy skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:602. [PMID: 36746942 PMCID: PMC9902403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) causes spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Skeletal muscle is a primary site of toxicity; however, the current understanding of the early pathological processes that occur and how they unfold during disease progression remains limited. Using transgenic and knock-in mice and patient-derived muscle biopsies, we show that SBMA mice in the presymptomatic stage develop a respiratory defect matching defective expression of genes involved in excitation-contraction coupling (ECC), altered contraction dynamics, and increased fatigue. These processes are followed by stimulus-dependent accumulation of calcium into mitochondria and structural disorganization of the muscle triads. Deregulation of expression of ECC genes is concomitant with sexual maturity and androgen raise in the serum. Consistent with the androgen-dependent nature of these alterations, surgical castration and AR silencing alleviate the early and late pathological processes. These observations show that ECC deregulation and defective mitochondrial respiration are early but reversible events followed by altered muscle force, calcium dyshomeostasis, and dismantling of triad structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Marchioretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, 35100, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Padova, 35100, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute (DTI) at the Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- CIR-Myo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, 35100, Italy
| | - Roberta Andreotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, 35100, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Padova, 35100, Italy
| | - Paolo Martini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Canato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Samir R Nath
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emanuela Zuccaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, 35100, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Padova, 35100, Italy
| | - Mathilde Chivet
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute (DTI) at the Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Cristina Mammucari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- CIR-Myo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pacifici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- CIR-Myo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria A Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, and Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- CIR-Myo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, and Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Aram Megighian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Padova, 35100, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Padova, 35100, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Assunta Pozzuoli
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Biz
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Romualdi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35100, Italy
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gopal J Babu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, 35100, Italy
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, 35100, Italy
| | - Manuela Basso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, 35100, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Padova, 35100, Italy.
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute (DTI) at the Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy.
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Fuxjager MJ, Fusani L, Schlinger BA. Physiological innovation and the evolutionary elaboration of courtship behaviour. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Halievski K, Xu Y, Haddad YW, Tang YP, Yamada S, Katsuno M, Adachi H, Sobue G, Breedlove SM, Jordan CL. Muscle BDNF improves synaptic and contractile muscle strength in Kennedy's disease mice in a muscle-type specific manner. J Physiol 2020; 598:2719-2739. [PMID: 32306402 DOI: 10.1113/jp279208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Muscle-derived neurotrophic factors may offer therapeutic promise for treating neuromuscular diseases. We report that a muscle-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, rescues synaptic and muscle function in a muscle-type specific manner in mice modelling Kennedy's disease (KD). We also find that BDNF rescues select molecular mechanisms in slow and fast muscle that may underlie the improved cellular function. We also report for the first time that expression of BDNF, but not other members of the neurotrophin family, is perturbed in muscle from patients with KD. Given that muscle BDNF had divergent therapeutic effects that depended on muscle type, a combination of neurotrophic factors may optimally rescue neuromuscular function via effects on both pre- and postsynaptic function, in the face of disease. ABSTRACT Deficits in muscle brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) correlate with neuromuscular deficits in mouse models of Kennedy's disease (KD), suggesting that restoring muscle BDNF might restore function. To test this possibility, transgenic mice expressing human BDNF in skeletal muscle were crossed with '97Q' KD mice. We found that muscle BDNF slowed disease, doubling the time between symptom onset and endstage. BDNF also improved expression of genes in muscle known to play key roles in neuromuscular function, including counteracting the expression of neonatal isoforms induced by disease. Intriguingly, BDNF's ameliorative effects differed between muscle types: synaptic strength was rescued only in slow-twitch muscle, while contractile strength was improved only in fast-twitch muscle. In sum, muscle BDNF slows disease progression, rescuing select cellular and molecular mechanisms that depend on fibre type. Muscle BDNF expression was also affected in KD patients, reinforcing its translational and therapeutic potential for treating this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Halievski
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1115, USA.,Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Youfen Xu
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1115, USA
| | - Yazeed W Haddad
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1115, USA
| | - Yu Ping Tang
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1115, USA
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environment Health School of Medicine, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - S Marc Breedlove
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1115, USA
| | - Cynthia L Jordan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1115, USA.,Physiology Department, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1115, USA
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5
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Halievski K, Nath SR, Katsuno M, Adachi H, Sobue G, Breedlove SM, Lieberman AP, Jordan CL. Disease Affects Bdnf Expression in Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Regions of Skeletal Muscle of Three SBMA Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061314. [PMID: 30875922 PMCID: PMC6470984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a slowly progressive, androgen-dependent neuromuscular disease in men that is characterized by both muscle and synaptic dysfunction. Because gene expression in muscle is heterogeneous, with synaptic myonuclei expressing genes that regulate synaptic function and extrasynaptic myonuclei expressing genes to regulate contractile function, we used quantitative PCR to compare gene expression in these two domains of muscle from three different mouse models of SBMA: the "97Q" model that ubiquitously expresses mutant human androgen receptor (AR), the 113Q knock-in (KI) model that expresses humanized mouse AR with an expanded glutamine tract, and the "myogenic" model that overexpresses wild-type rat AR only in skeletal muscle. We were particularly interested in neurotrophic factors because of their role in maintaining neuromuscular function via effects on both muscle and synaptic function, and their implicated role in SBMA. We confirmed previous reports of the enriched expression of select genes (e.g., the acetylcholine receptor) in the synaptic region of muscle, and are the first to report the synaptic enrichment of others (e.g., glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor). Interestingly, all three models displayed comparably dysregulated expression of most genes examined in both the synaptic and extrasynaptic domains of muscle, with only modest differences between regions and models. These findings of comprehensive gene dysregulation in muscle support the emerging view that skeletal muscle may be a prime therapeutic target for restoring function of both muscles and motoneurons in SBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Halievski
- Neuroscience Program, 108 Giltner Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115, USA.
| | - Samir R Nath
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environment Health School of Medicine, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - S Marc Breedlove
- Neuroscience Program, 108 Giltner Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115, USA.
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Cynthia L Jordan
- Neuroscience Program, 108 Giltner Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115, USA.
- Physiology Department, 108 Giltner Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115, USA.
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6
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Xu Y, Halievski K, Katsuno M, Adachi H, Sobue G, Breedlove SM, Jordan CL. Pre-clinical symptoms of SBMA may not be androgen-dependent: implications from two SBMA mouse models. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2425-2442. [PMID: 29897452 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinguishing aspect of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is its androgen-dependence, possibly explaining why only males are clinically affected. This disease, which impairs neuromuscular function, is linked to a polyglutamine expansion mutation in the androgen receptor (AR). In mouse models of SBMA, motor dysfunction is associated with pronounced defects in neuromuscular transmission, including defects in evoked transmitter release (quantal content, QC) and fiber membrane excitability (based on the resting membrane potential, RMP). However, whether such defects are androgen-dependent is unknown. Thus, we recorded synaptic potentials intracellularly from adult muscle fibers of transgenic (Tg) AR97Q male mice castrated pre-symptomatically. Although castration largely protects both QC and the RMP of fibers, correlating with the protective effect of castration on motor function, significant deficits in QC and RMP remained. Surprisingly, comparable defects in QC and RMP were also observed in pre-symptomatic AR97Q males, indicating that such defects emerge early and are pre-clinical. Exposing asymptomatic Tg females to androgens also induces both motor dysfunction and comparable defects in QC and RMP. Notably, asymptomatic Tg females also showed significant deficits in QC and RMP, albeit less severe, supporting their pre-clinical nature, but also raising questions about the androgen-dependence of pre-clinical symptoms. In summary, current evidence indicates that disease progression depends on androgens, but early pathogenic events may be triggered by the mutant AR allele independent of androgens. Such early, androgen-independent disease mechanisms may also be relevant to females carrying the SBMA allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfen Xu
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environment Health School of Medicine, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Marc Breedlove
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cynthia L Jordan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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7
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BGP-15 improves contractile function of regenerating soleus muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2018; 39:25-34. [PMID: 29948663 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-018-9495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the heat shock protein inducer O-[3-piperidino-2-hydroxy-1-propyl]-nicotinic amidoxime (BGP-15) on the morphology and contractile function of regenerating soleus muscles from mice. Cryolesioned soleus muscles from young mice treated daily with BGP-15 (15 mg/Kg) were evaluated on post-cryolesion day 10. At this time point, there was a significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of regenerating myofibers, maximal force, specific tetanic force, and fatigue resistance of regenerating soleus muscles. BGP-15 did not reverse the decrease in myofiber cross-sectional area but effectively prevented the reduction in tetanic force and fatigue resistance of regenerating muscles. In addition, BGP-15 treatment increased the expression of embryonic myosin heavy chain (e-MyHC), MyHC-II and MyHC-I in regenerating muscles. Although BGP-15 did not alter voltage dependent anion-selective channel 2 (VDAC2) expression in cryolesioned muscles, it was able to increase inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) expression. Our results suggest that BGP-15 improves strength recovery in regenerating soleus muscles by accelerating the re-expression of adult MyHC-II and MyHC-I isoforms and HSP70 induction. The beneficial effects of BGP-15 on the contractile function of regenerating muscles reinforce the potential of this molecule to be used as a therapeutic agent.
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Cristofani R, Crippa V, Rusmini P, Cicardi ME, Meroni M, Licata NV, Sala G, Giorgetti E, Grunseich C, Galbiati M, Piccolella M, Messi E, Ferrarese C, Carra S, Poletti A. Inhibition of retrograde transport modulates misfolded protein accumulation and clearance in motoneuron diseases. Autophagy 2018; 13:1280-1303. [PMID: 28402699 PMCID: PMC5584856 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1308985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneuron diseases, like spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are associated with proteins that because of gene mutation or peculiar structures, acquire aberrant (misfolded) conformations toxic to cells. To prevent misfolded protein toxicity, cells activate a protein quality control (PQC) system composed of chaperones and degradative pathways (proteasome and autophagy). Inefficient activation of the PQC system results in misfolded protein accumulation that ultimately leads to neuronal cell death, while efficient macroautophagy/autophagy-mediated degradation of aggregating proteins is beneficial. The latter relies on an active retrograde transport, mediated by dynein and specific chaperones, such as the HSPB8-BAG3-HSPA8 complex. Here, using cellular models expressing aggregate-prone proteins involved in SBMA and ALS, we demonstrate that inhibition of dynein-mediated retrograde transport, which impairs the targeting to autophagy of misfolded species, does not increase their aggregation. Rather, dynein inhibition correlates with a reduced accumulation and an increased clearance of mutant ARpolyQ, SOD1, truncated TARDBP/TDP-43 and expanded polyGP C9ORF72 products. The enhanced misfolded protein clearance is mediated by the proteasome, rather than by autophagy and correlates with the upregulation of the HSPA8 cochaperone BAG1. In line, overexpression of BAG1 increases the proteasome-mediated clearance of these misfolded proteins. Our data suggest that when the misfolded proteins cannot be efficiently transported toward the perinuclear region of the cells, where they are either degraded by autophagy or stored into the aggresome, the cells activate a compensatory mechanism that relies on the induction of BAG1 to target the HSPA8-bound cargo to the proteasome in a dynein-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cristofani
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.,b Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CRND) , IRCCS "C. Mondino" Istituto Nazionale Neurologico , Pavia , Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cicardi
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Marco Meroni
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Nausicaa V Licata
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Gessica Sala
- c School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience , University of Milano-Bicocca , Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgetti
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Christopher Grunseich
- d Neurogenetics Branch , National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- c School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience , University of Milano-Bicocca , Italy
| | - Serena Carra
- e Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze , Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Centro di Neuroscienze e Neurotecnologie , Modena , Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.,f Centro InterUniversitario sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Roma Tor Vergata and Milano. Genova , Italy
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Defects in Neuromuscular Transmission May Underlie Motor Dysfunction in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5094-106. [PMID: 27147661 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3485-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) in men is an androgen-dependent neuromuscular disease caused by expanded CAG repeats in the androgen receptor (AR). Whether muscle or motor neuron dysfunction or both underlies motor impairment in SBMA is unknown. Muscles of SBMA mice show significant contractile dysfunction, implicating them as a likely source of motor dysfunction, but whether disease also impairs neuromuscular transmission is an open question. Thus, we examined synaptic function in three well-studied SBMA mouse models-the AR97Q, knock-in (KI), and myogenic141 models-by recording in vitro miniature and evoked end-plate potentials (MEPPs and EPPs, respectively) intracellularly from adult muscle fibers. We found striking defects in neuromuscular transmission suggesting that toxic AR in SBMA impairs both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. Notably, SBMA causes neuromuscular synapses to become weak and muscles to become hyperexcitable in all three models. Presynaptic defects included deficits in quantal content, reduced size of the readily releasable pool, and impaired short-term facilitation. Postsynaptic defects included prolonged decay times for both MEPPs and EPPs, marked resistance to μ-conotoxin (a sodium channel blocker), and enhanced membrane excitability. Quantitative PCR revealed robust upregulation of mRNAs encoding neonatal isoforms of the AChR (γ-subunit) and the voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV1.5) in diseased adult muscles of all three models, consistent with the observed slowing of synaptic potentials and resistance to μ-conotoxin. These findings suggest that muscles of SBMA patients regress to an immature state that impairs neuromuscular function. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We have discovered that SBMA is accompanied by marked defects in neuromuscular synaptic transmission involving both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. For three different mouse models, we find that diseased synapses are weak, having reduced quantal content due to reductions in the size of the readily releasable pool and/or probability of release. Synaptic potentials in diseased adult fibers are slowed, explained by an aberrant upregulation of the neonatal isoform of the acetylcholine receptor. Diseased fibers also show marked resistance to μ-conotoxin, explained by an aberrant upregulation in the neonatal isoform of the sodium channel, and are hyperexcitable, reminiscent of myotonic dystrophy, showing anode-break action potentials. This work identifies several new molecular targets for recovering function in SBMA.
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10
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Yamada S, Hashizume A, Hijikata Y, Inagaki T, Suzuki K, Kondo N, Kawai K, Noda S, Nakanishi H, Banno H, Hirakawa A, Koike H, Halievski K, Jordan CL, Katsuno M, Sobue G. Decreased Peak Expiratory Flow Associated with Muscle Fiber-Type Switching in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168846. [PMID: 28005993 PMCID: PMC5179045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the respiratory function profile of subjects with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and to explore the underlying pathological mechanism by comparing the clinical and biochemical indices of this disease with those of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We enrolled male subjects with SBMA (n = 40) and ALS (n = 25) along with 15 healthy control subjects, and assessed their respiratory function, motor function, and muscle strength. Predicted values of peak expiratory flow (%PEF) and forced vital capacity were decreased in subjects with SBMA compared with controls. In SBMA, both values were strongly correlated with the trunk subscores of the motor function tests and showed deterioration relative to disease duration. Compared with activities of daily living (ADL)-matched ALS subjects, %PEF, tongue pressure, and grip power were substantially decreased in subjects with SBMA. Both immunofluorescence and RT-PCR demonstrated a selective decrease in the expression levels of the genes encoding the myosin heavy chains specific to fast-twitch fibers in SBMA subjects. The mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta were up-regulated in SBMA compared with ALS and controls. In conclusion, %PEF is a disease-specific respiratory marker for the severity and progression of SBMA. Explosive muscle strength, including %PEF, was selectively affected in subjects with SBMA and was associated with activation of the mitochondrial biogenesis-related molecular pathway in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hashizume
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hijikata
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomonori Inagaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Innovation Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Naohide Kondo
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaori Kawai
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiya Noda
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nakanishi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Banno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Biostatistics Section, Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruki Koike
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katherine Halievski
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cynthia L. Jordan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (MK); (GS)
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (MK); (GS)
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11
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Non-Cell-Autonomous Regulation of Retrograde Motoneuronal Axonal Transport in an SBMA Mouse Model. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0062-16. [PMID: 27517091 PMCID: PMC4978821 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0062-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in axonal transport are seen in motoneuronal diseases, but how that impairment comes about is not well understood. In spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a disorder linked to a CAG/polyglutamine repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, the disease-causing AR disrupts axonal transport by acting in both a cell-autonomous fashion in the motoneurons themselves, and in a non-cell-autonomous fashion in muscle. The non-cell-autonomous mechanism is suggested by data from a unique “myogenic” transgenic (TG) mouse model in which an AR transgene expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle fibers triggers an androgen-dependent SBMA phenotype, including defects in retrograde transport. However, motoneurons in this TG model retain the endogenous AR gene, leaving open the possibility that impairments in transport in this model also depend on ARs in the motoneurons themselves. To test whether non-cell-autonomous mechanisms alone can perturb retrograde transport, we generated male TG mice in which the endogenous AR allele has the testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) and, consequently, is nonfunctional. Males carrying the Tfm allele alone show no deficits in motor function or axonal transport, with or without testosterone treatment. However, when Tfm males carrying the myogenic transgene (Tfm/TG) are treated with testosterone, they develop impaired motor function and defects in retrograde transport, having fewer retrogradely labeled motoneurons and deficits in endosomal flux based on time-lapse video microscopy of living axons. These findings demonstrate that non-cell-autonomous disease mechanisms originating in muscle are sufficient to induce defects in retrograde transport in motoneurons.
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12
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Fuxjager MJ, Schuppe ER, Hoang J, Chew J, Shah M, Schlinger BA. Expression of 5α- and 5β-reductase in spinal cord and muscle of birds with different courtship repertoires. Front Zool 2016; 13:25. [PMID: 27293470 PMCID: PMC4901407 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Through the actions of one or more isoforms of the enzyme 5α-reductase in many male reproductive tissues, circulating testosterone (T) undergoes metabolic conversion into 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which binds to and activates androgen receptors (AR) with greater potency than T. In birds, T is also subject to local inactivation into 5β-DHT by the enzyme 5β-reductase. Male golden-collared manakins perform an androgen-dependent and physically elaborate courtship display, and these birds express androgen receptors in skeletal muscles and spinal cord at levels far greater than those expressed in species with more limited courtship routines, including male zebra finches. To determine if local T metabolism facilitates or impedes activation of male manakin courtship, we examined expression of two isoforms of 5α-reductase, as well as 5β-reductase, in forelimb muscles and spinal cords of males and females of the two aforementioned species. Results We found that all enzymes were expressed in all tissues, with patterns that partially predict a functional role for 5α-reductase in these birds, especially in both muscle and spinal cord of male manakins. Moreover, we found that 5β-reductase was markedly different between species, with far lower levels in golden-collared manakins, compared to zebra finches. Thus, modification to neuromuscular deactivation of T may also play a functional role in adaptive behavioral modulation. Conclusions Given that such a role for 5α-reductase in androgen-sensitive mammalian skeletal muscle is in dispute, our data suggest that, in birds, local metabolism may play a key role in providing active androgenic substrates to peripheral neuromuscular systems. Similarly, we provide the first evidence that 5β-reductase is expressed broadly through an organism and may be an important factor that regulates androgenic modulation of neuromuscular functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fuxjager
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, 228 Winston Hall, Winston-Salem, NC 27109 USA ; Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Eric R Schuppe
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, 228 Winston Hall, Winston-Salem, NC 27109 USA
| | - John Hoang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jennifer Chew
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mital Shah
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Barney A Schlinger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA ; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA ; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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13
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Dahlqvist JR, Vissing J. Exercise Therapy in Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy and Other Neuromuscular Disorders. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:388-93. [PMID: 26585990 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is no curative treatment for most neuromuscular disorders. Exercise, as a treatment for these diseases, has therefore received growing attention. When executed properly, exercise can maintain and improve health and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. In persons with muscle wasting due to neuromuscular conditions, however, a common belief has been that physical activity could accelerate degeneration of the diseased muscle and a careful approach to training has therefore been suggested. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about physical training in patients with neuromuscular diseases associated with weakness and wasting. We review studies that have investigated different types of exercise in both myopathies and motor neuron diseases, with particular emphasis on training of persons affected by spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Finally, we provide suggestions for future investigations of training in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rebecka Dahlqvist
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Distinct Etiological Roles for Myocytes and Motor Neurons in a Mouse Model of Kennedy's Disease/Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy. J Neurosci 2015; 35:6444-51. [PMID: 25904795 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3599-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion of the androgen receptor (AR) causes Kennedy's disease/spinobulbar muscular atrophy (KD/SBMA) through poorly defined cellular mechanisms. Although KD/SBMA has been thought of as a motor neuron disease, recent evidence indicates a key role for skeletal muscle. To resolve which early aspects of the disease can be caused by neurogenic or myogenic mechanisms, we made use of the tet-On and Cre-loxP genetic systems to selectively and acutely express polyQ AR in either motor neurons (NeuroAR) or myocytes (MyoAR) of transgenic mice. After 4 weeks of transgene induction in adulthood, deficits in gross motor function were seen in NeuroAR mice, but not MyoAR mice. Conversely, reduced size of fast glycolytic fibers and alterations in expression of candidate genes were observed only in MyoAR mice. Both NeuroAR and MyoAR mice exhibited reduced oxidative capacity in skeletal muscles, as well as a shift in fast fibers from oxidative to glycolytic. Markers of oxidative stress were increased in the muscle of NeuroAR mice and were reduced in motor neurons of both NeuroAR and MyoAR mice. Despite secondary pathology in skeletal muscle and behavioral deficits, no pathological signs were observed in motor neurons of NeuroAR mice, possibly due to relatively low levels of polyQ AR expression. These results indicate that polyQ AR in motor neurons can produce secondary pathology in muscle. Results also support both neurogenic and myogenic contributions of polyQ AR to several acute aspects of pathology and provide further evidence for disordered cellular respiration in KD/SBMA skeletal muscle.
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15
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Fuxjager MJ, Eaton J, Lindsay WR, Salwiczek LH, Rensel MA, Barske J, Sorenson L, Day LB, Schlinger BA. Evolutionary patterns of adaptive acrobatics and physical performance predict expression profiles of androgen receptor - but not oestrogen receptor - in the forelimb musculature. Funct Ecol 2015; 29:1197-1208. [PMID: 26538789 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1. Superior physical competence is vital to the adaptive behavioral routines of many animals, particularly those that engage in elaborate socio-sexual displays. How such traits evolve across species remains unclear. 2. Recent work suggests that activation of sex steroid receptors in neuromuscular systems is necessary for the fine motor skills needed to execute physically elaborate displays. Thus, using passerine birds as models, we test whether interspecific variation in display complexity predicts species differences in the abundance of androgen and estrogen receptors (AR and ERα) expressed in the forelimb musculature and spinal cord. 3. We find that small-scale evolutionary patterns in physical display complexity positively predict expression of the AR in the main muscles that lift and retract the wings. No such relationship is detected in the spinal cord, and we do not find a correlation between display behavior and neuromuscular expression of ERα. Also, we find that AR expression levels in different androgen targets throughout the body - namely the wing muscles, spinal cord, and testes - are not necessarily correlated, providing evidence that evolutionary forces may drive AR expression in a tissue-specific manner. 4. These results suggest co-evolution between the physical prowess necessary for display performance and levels of AR expression in avian forelimb muscles. Moreover, this relationship appears to be specific to muscle and AR-mediated, but not ERα-mediated, signaling. 5. Given that prior work suggests that activation of muscular AR is a necessary component of physical display performance, our current data support the hypothesis that sexual selection shapes levels of AR expressed in the forelimb skeletal muscles to help drive the evolution of adaptive motor abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fuxjager
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, 228 Winston Hall, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA ; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joy Eaton
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Willow R Lindsay
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Lucie H Salwiczek
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Michelle A Rensel
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julia Barske
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laurie Sorenson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lainy B Day
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Barney A Schlinger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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16
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Halievski K, Mo K, Westwood JT, Monks DA. Transcriptional profile of muscle following acute induction of symptoms in a mouse model of Kennedy's disease/spinobulbar muscular atrophy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118120. [PMID: 25719894 PMCID: PMC4341878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kennedy's disease/Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (KD/SBMA) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease affecting males. This disease is caused by polyglutamine expansion mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Although KD/SBMA has been traditionally considered a motor neuron disease, emerging evidence points to a central etiological role of muscle. We previously reported a microarray study of genes differentially expressed in muscle of three genetically unique mouse models of KD/SBMA but were unable to detect those which are androgen-dependent or are associated with onset of symptoms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the current study we examined the time course and androgen-dependence of transcriptional changes in the HSA-AR transgenic (Tg) mouse model, in which females have a severe phenotype after acute testosterone treatment. Using microarray analysis we identified differentially expressed genes at the onset and peak of muscle weakness in testosterone-treated Tg females. We found both transient and persistent groups of differentially expressed genes and analysis of gene function indicated functional groups such as mitochondrion, ion and nucleotide binding, muscle development, and sarcomere maintenance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE By comparing the current results with those from the three previously reported models we were able to identify KD/SBMA candidate genes that are androgen dependent, and occur early in the disease process, properties which are promising for targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Halievski
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaiguo Mo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Timothy Westwood
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A. Monks
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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17
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Oki K, Halievski K, Vicente L, Xu Y, Zeolla D, Poort J, Katsuno M, Adachi H, Sobue G, Wiseman RW, Breedlove SM, Jordan CL. Contractile dysfunction in muscle may underlie androgen-dependent motor dysfunction in spinal bulbar muscular atrophy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:941-52. [PMID: 25663674 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00886.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness linked to a polyglutamine expansion in the androgen receptor (AR). Current evidence indicates that mutant AR causes SBMA by acting in muscle to perturb its function. However, information about how muscle function is impaired is scant. One fundamental question is whether the intrinsic strength of muscles, an attribute of muscle independent of its mass, is affected. In the current study, we assess the contractile properties of hindlimb muscles in vitro from chronically diseased males of three different SBMA mouse models: a transgenic (Tg) model that broadly expresses a full-length human AR with 97 CAGs (97Q), a knock-in (KI) model that expresses a humanized AR containing a CAG expansion in the first exon, and a Tg myogenic model that overexpresses wild-type AR only in skeletal muscle fibers. We found that hindlimb muscles in the two Tg models (97Q and myogenic) showed marked losses in their intrinsic strength and resistance to fatigue, but were minimally affected in KI males. However, diseased muscles of all three models showed symptoms consistent with myotonic dystrophy type 1, namely, reduced resting membrane potential and deficits in chloride channel mRNA. These data indicate that muscle dysfunction is a core feature of SBMA caused by at least some of the same pathogenic mechanisms as myotonic dystrophy. Thus mechanisms controlling muscle function per se independent of mass are prime targets for SBMA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oki
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - Laura Vicente
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Youfen Xu
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Donald Zeolla
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jessica Poort
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - S Marc Breedlove
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Cynthia L Jordan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan;
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18
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Renier KJ, Troxell-Smith SM, Johansen JA, Katsuno M, Adachi H, Sobue G, Chua JP, Sun Kim H, Lieberman AP, Breedlove SM, Jordan CL. Antiandrogen flutamide protects male mice from androgen-dependent toxicity in three models of spinal bulbar muscular atrophy. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2624-34. [PMID: 24742193 PMCID: PMC4060177 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a late-onset, progressive neurodegenerative disease linked to a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the androgen receptor (AR). Men affected by SBMA show marked muscle weakness and atrophy, typically emerging midlife. Given the androgen-dependent nature of this disease, one might expect AR antagonists to have therapeutic value for treating SBMA. However, current work from animal models suggests otherwise, raising questions about whether polyQ-expanded AR exerts androgen-dependent toxicity through mechanisms distinct from normal AR function. In this study, we asked whether the nonsteroidal AR antagonist flutamide, delivered via a time-release pellet, could reverse or prevent androgen-dependent AR toxicity in three different mouse models of SBMA: the AR97Q transgenic (Tg) model, a knock-in (KI) model, and a myogenic Tg model. We find that flutamide protects mice from androgen-dependent AR toxicity in all three SBMA models, preventing or reversing motor dysfunction in the Tg models and significantly extending the life span in KI males. Given that flutamide effectively protects against androgen-dependent disease in three different mouse models of SBMA, our data are proof of principle that AR antagonists have therapeutic potential for treating SBMA in humans and support the notion that toxicity caused by polyQ-expanded AR uses at least some of the same mechanisms as normal AR before diverging to produce disease and muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J Renier
- Neuroscience Program (K.J.R., S.M.T.-S., S.M.B., C.L.J.), Michigan State University, E Lansing, Michigan 48824-1101; College of Medicine (J.A.J.), Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant Michigan 48859; Department of Neurology (M.K., H.A., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan 466-8550; and Department of Pathology (J.P.C., H.S.K., A.P.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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