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Li Z, Roepcke S, Franke R, Yel L. Dose-exposure-efficacy response of intravenous immunoglobulin G 10% in multifocal motor neuropathy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38978354 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multifocal motor neuropathy is a rare chronic immune-mediated neuropathy with impaired grip strength representing a common symptom. While intravenous immunoglobulin G is an effective treatment for the disease, significant variation in treatment response has been observed but not well understood. This analysis characterized dose-exposure-response relationships in multifocal motor neuropathy, using grip strength as a clinical efficacy measure. METHODS Serum immunoglobulin G trough concentrations and grip strength data for the more affected hand from a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of intravenous immunoglobulin 10% in 44 patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (NCT00666263) were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. RESULTS The model adequately described the observed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and relationships between intravenous immunoglobulin 10% dose, serum immunoglobulin G trough levels, grip strength, and inter-patient variabilities in multifocal motor neuropathy. Model-based simulations for various dosing regimens (0.4-2.0 g/kg every 2-4 weeks) indicated that ≥1.6 g/kg/month would achieve clinically meaningful improvements in grip strength (≥4 kg) in ≥70% of patients. More frequent dosing at an equivalent monthly dose led to a more consistent response in grip strength. Furthermore, splitting the dose over multiple days for high doses (>1 g/kg) did not impact grip strength. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that the majority of patients with multifocal motor neuropathy would respond rapidly to intravenous immunoglobulin 10% with a range of dosing regimens. Shorter dosing intervals may avoid the diminishing response seen with longer dosing intervals. Dose-splitting provided similar outcomes while offering flexibility and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Li
- Clinical Pharmacology & Early Clinical Development, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan Roepcke
- Pharmacometrics, Cognigen, a division of Simulations Plus, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Franke
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Cognigen, a division of Simulations Plus, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Leman Yel
- Clinical Medicine, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Querol L, De Sèze J, Dysgaard T, Levine T, Rao TH, Rivner M, Hartung HP, Kiessling P, Shimizu S, Marmol D, Bozorg A, Colson AO, Massow U, Eftimov F. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of rozanolixizumab in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a randomised, subject-blind, investigator-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial and open-label extension study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2023-333112. [PMID: 38729747 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-333112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a peripheral nerve disorder characterised by weakness and sensory loss. We assessed the neonatal Fc receptor inhibitor rozanolixizumab for CIDP management. METHODS CIDP01 (NCT03861481) was a randomised, subject-blind, investigator-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a study. Adults with definite or probable CIDP receiving subcutaneous or intravenous immunoglobulin maintenance therapy were randomised 1:1 to 12 once-weekly subcutaneous infusions of rozanolixizumab 10 mg/kg or placebo, stratified according to previous immunoglobulin administration route. Investigators administering treatment and assessing efficacy, and patients, were blinded. The primary outcome was a change from baseline (CFB) to day 85 in inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (iRODS) score. Eligible patients who completed CIDP01 entered the open-label extension CIDP04 (NCT04051944). RESULTS In CIDP01, between 26 March 2019 and 31 March 2021, 34 patients were randomised to rozanolixizumab or placebo (17 (50%) each). No significant difference in CFB to day 85 in iRODS centile score was observed between rozanolixizumab (least squares mean 2.0 (SE 3.2)) and placebo (3.4 (2.6); difference -1.5 (90% CI -7.5 to 4.5)). Overall, 14 (82%) patients receiving rozanolixizumab and 13 (76%) receiving placebo experienced a treatment-emergent adverse event during the treatment period. Across CIDP01 and CIDP04, rozanolixizumab was well tolerated over up to 614 days; no clinically meaningful efficacy results were seen. No deaths occurred. CONCLUSIONS Rozanolixizumab did not show efficacy in patients with CIDP in this study, although this could be due to a relatively high placebo stability rate. Rozanolixizumab was well tolerated over medium-to-long-term weekly use, with an acceptable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Querol
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit - Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Network Research in Rare Diseases - CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jérôme De Sèze
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tina Dysgaard
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Todd Levine
- Honor Health Neurology, Bob Bové Neuroscience Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - T Hemanth Rao
- The Neurological Institute, PA, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Rivner
- Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Center, Medical Faculty, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Ali Bozorg
- UCB Pharma, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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van Doorn IN, Eftimov F, Wieske L, van Schaik IN, Verhamme C. Challenges in the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy in Adults: Current Perspectives. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2024; 20:111-126. [PMID: 38375075 PMCID: PMC10875175 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s360249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) poses numerous challenges. The heterogeneous presentations of CIDP variants, its mimics, and the complexity of interpreting electrodiagnostic criteria are just a few of the many reasons for misdiagnoses. Early recognition and treatment are important to reduce the risk of irreversible axonal damage, which may lead to permanent disability. The diagnosis of CIDP is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, nerve conduction study findings that indicate demyelination, and other supportive criteria. In 2021, the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) and the Peripheral Nerve Society (PNS) published a revision on the most widely adopted guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of CIDP. This updated guideline now includes clinical and electrodiagnostic criteria for CIDP variants (previously termed atypical CIDP), updated supportive criteria, and sensory criteria as an integral part of the electrodiagnostic criteria. Due to its many rules and exceptions, this guideline is complex and misinterpretation of nerve conduction study findings remain common. CIDP is treatable with intravenous immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, and plasma exchange. The choice of therapy should be tailored to the individual patient's situation, taking into account the severity of symptoms, potential side effects, patient autonomy, and past treatments. Treatment responses should be evaluated as objectively as possible using disability and impairment scales. Applying these outcome measures consistently in clinical practice aids in recognizing the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of a treatment and facilitates timely consideration of alternative diagnoses or treatments. This review provides an overview of the current perspectives on the diagnostic process and first-line treatments for managing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris N van Doorn
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, the Netherlands
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk Wieske
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo N van Schaik
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, the Netherlands
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel Verhamme
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, the Netherlands
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4
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Markvardsen LK, Sindrup SH, Christiansen I, Sheikh AM, Holbech JV, Andersen H. Standardized Tapering off Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:787-796. [PMID: 37393512 PMCID: PMC10578281 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-221615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attempting discontinuation of treatment in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is recommended. However, there is no evidence based regimen for tapering off subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG). This trial investigated stepwise tapering off SCIG to detect remission and the lowest effective dosage. During tapering off, frequent vs less frequent clinical evaluation was compared. METHODS Patients with CIDP receiving a stable SCIG dosage followed a standardized tapering off regimen: 90%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% of the initial dose every 12th week, pending no deterioration occurred. In case of relapse during tapering off, the lowest effective dose was identified. Treatment with SCIG was registered for two years after participation. Disability score and grip strength were primary parameters. Participants were randomized to clinical evaluation every 6th week (frequent) or 12th week (less frequent). RESULTS Fifty-five patients were included of which thirty-five relapsed. Twenty patients (36%) were able to discontinue treatment without relapse. In relapsing patients, median dosage could be reduced by 10% (range, 0-75). After two years, 18 of 20 patients were still in remission without treatment. Frequent clinical evaluation did not detect deterioration more frequently than less frequent evaluation; RR 0.5 (95% CI, 0.2-1.2) (p = 0.17). CONCLUSION In stable CIDP patients, SCIG could be completely tapered off in 36% of the patients and only in 10% of these patients relapse occurred during the following two years. More frequent evaluation was not superior to detect deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars K. Markvardsen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren H. Sindrup
- Department of Neurology, Odense UniversityHospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Aisha M. Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob V. Holbech
- Department of Neurology, Odense UniversityHospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henning Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Briani C, Cocito D, Campagnolo M, Doneddu PE, Nobile-Orazio E. Update on therapy of chronic immune-mediated neuropathies. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:605-614. [PMID: 33452933 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic immune-mediated neuropathies, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), neuropathies associated with monoclonal gammopathy, and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), are a group of disorders deemed to be caused by an immune response against peripheral nerve antigens. Several immune therapies have been reported to be variably effective in these neuropathies including steroids, plasma exchange, and high-dose intravenous (IVIg) or subcutaneous (SCIg) immunoglobulins. These therapies are however far from being invariably effective and may be associated with a number of side effects leading to the use of immunosuppressive agents whose efficacy has not been so far confirmed in randomized trials. More recently, new biological agents, such as rituximab, have proved to be effective in patients with neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy and are currently tested in CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Briani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 5, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Dario Cocito
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Campagnolo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 5, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Emiliano Doneddu
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Milan University, Milan, Italy
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6
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van Veen R, Wieske L, Lucke I, Adrichem ME, Merkies ISJ, van Schaik IN, Eftimov F. Assessing deterioration using impairment and functional outcome measures in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a post-hoc analysis of the IOC trial. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2022; 27:144-158. [PMID: 35507446 PMCID: PMC9321849 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is unclear whether frequently used cut-off values for outcome measures defining minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) can accurately identify meaningful deterioration in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). METHODS We used data from the IOC trial, in which sixty clinically stable CIDP patients were randomized to IVIg withdrawal or continuation. We calculated change scores of the Inflammatory Rasch-Built Overall Disability Scale (I-RODS), grip strength, and MRC sum score (MRC-SS) and classified visits based on a treatment anchor (i.e. decision to restart/increase treatment after reaching a predefined early endpoint of deterioration). The variability of scores in patients without deterioration was calculated using the limits of agreement. We defined optimized MCIDs for deterioration and specific combinations of MCIDs from different outcome measures, and subsequently calculated the accuracies of the (combined) MCIDs. RESULTS Substantial variability was found in scores of the I-RODS, grip strength and MRC-SS in patients without deterioration over time, and most MCIDs were within the limits of the variability observed in patients without deterioration. Some MCID cut-offs were insensitive but highly specific for detecting deterioration, e.g. the MCID-SE of -1.96 of the I-RODS and -2 point on the MRC-SS. Others were sensitive, but less specific, e.g. -4 centiles of the I-RODS. Some combined MCIDs resulted in high specificities and moderate sensitivities. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that clinically important deterioration cannot be distinguished from variability over time with currently used MCIDs on the individual level. Combinations of MCIDs might improve the accuracy of determining deterioration, but this needs validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin van Veen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk Wieske
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Lucke
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max E Adrichem
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingemar S J Merkies
- Maastricht Academic Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Curaçao Medical Centre, Willemstad, Curacao
| | - Ivo N van Schaik
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Goedee HS, Rajabally YA. Evidence base for investigative and therapeutic modalities in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2022; 12:35-47. [PMID: 35007438 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, its variants and multifocal motor neuropathy belong to a spectrum of peripheral nerve disorders with complex dysimmune disease mechanisms. Awareness of the unique clinical phenotypes but also heterogeneity between patients is vital to arrive at early suspicion and ordering appropriate tests. This includes requirements for optimal electrodiagnostic protocol, aimed to capture sufficient electrophysiologic evidence for relevant abnormalities, a case-based approach on the eventual need to further expand the diagnostic armamentarium and correct reading of their results. Considerable phenotypical variation, diverse combinations of abnormalities found on diagnostic tests and heterogeneity in disease course and treatment response, all contribute to widespread differences in success rates on timely diagnosis and optimal treatment. We aim to provide a practical overview and guidance on relevant diagnostic and management strategies, including pitfalls and present a summary of the relevant novel developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Stephan Goedee
- Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yusuf A Rajabally
- Inflammatory Neuropathy Clinic, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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8
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Keh RYS, Selby DA, Jones S, Gosal D, Lavin T, Lilleker JB, Carr AS, Lunn MP. Predicting long-term trends in inflammatory neuropathy outcome measures using latent class modelling. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021; 27:84-93. [PMID: 34936164 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin (Ig) is used to treat chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMNCB). Regular infusions may be used for symptom control. Disease activity is monitored with clinical outcome measurements. We examined outcome measure variation during clinically stable periods in Ig-treated CIDP and MMNCB patients. We explored utility of serial outcome measurement in long-term outcome prediction. METHODS Retrospective longitudinal analysis of a single neuroscience centre's Ig-treated CIDP and MMNCB patients, 2009-2020, was performed. Mean and percentage change for grip strength, Rasch-built overall disability scales (RODS) and MRC sum scores (MRC-SS) during periods of clinical stability were compared to score-specific minimal clinically important differences (MCID). Latent class mixed modelling (LCMM) was used to identify longitudinal trends and factors influencing long-term outcome. RESULTS We identified 85 CIDP and 23 MMNCB patients (1,423 datapoints; 5635 treatment-months). Group-averaged outcome measures varied little over time. Intra-individual variation exceeded MCID for RODS in 44.2% CIDP and 16.7% MMNCB datapoints, grip strength in 10.6% (CIDP) and 8.8%/27.2% (MMNCB right/left hand) and MRC-SS in 43.5% (CIDP) and 20% (MMNCB). Multivariate LCMM identified subclinical trends toward improvement (32 patients) and deterioration (73 patients) in both cohorts. At baseline, CIDP 'deteriorators' were older than 'improvers' (66.2 versus 57 years, p=0.025). No other individual factors predicted categorisation. The best model for 'deteriorator' identification was contiguous sub-MCID decline in more than one outcome measure (CIDP: sensitivity 74%, specificity 59%; MMNCB: sensitivity 73%, specificity 88%). DISCUSSION Outcome measure interpretation determines therapeutic decision-making in Ig-dependent neuropathy patients, but intra-individual variation is common, often exceeding MCID. Here we show sub-MCID contiguous changes in more than one outcome measurement are a better predictor of long-term outcome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Yann Shern Keh
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Antony Selby
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sam Jones
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - David Gosal
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy Lavin
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - James B Lilleker
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aisling S Carr
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael P Lunn
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Kapoor M, Compton L, Rossor A, Hutton E, Manji H, Lunn M, Reilly M, Carr A. An approach to assessing immunoglobulin dependence in chronic inflammatory demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021; 26:461-468. [PMID: 34637194 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regular immunoglobulin treatment maintains strength and prevents disability in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Discrimination between active disease, with optimum symptom control on treatment, and disease in remission not requiring treatment is essential for therapeutic decision-making and clinical trial design. To compare treatment cessation versus gradual dose reduction in assessment of disease activity (immunoglobulin dependence) in a cohort of stable CIDP patients on maintenance immunoglobulin treatment. An approach to restabilization of immunoglobulin-dependent individuals is also described. Retrospective review of IVIg cessation or gradual reduction in 33 patients with stable CIDP on maintenance IVIg. Demographic, clinical and treatment data were collected; clinical monitoring data were recorded prospectively as part of routine clinical practice. A total of 21/33 patients (62.6%) were immunoglobulin dependent, (gradual dose reduction:11, cessation:10). Mean change in Inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (I-RODS) (-15, standard deviation [SD] 16) and Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC-SS) (-4, SD: 4) was clinically and statistically meaningful (>75% exceeded minimum clinically important differences). Mean time to deterioration was 5.0 (SD: 4.6) months, shorter in cessation group (3.5 months) than gradual reduction group (8.8 months). All patients were restabilized to previous baseline (M: 2.3, SD: 4.3 months), half within 1 week of retreatment. A total of 12 patients (37.4%) remained stable without treatment for ≥2 years (remission). A total of 50% were identified rapidly by cessation and 50% by gradual dose reduction requiring mean 4.8 (SD: 2.8) years follow-up and costing £113 623 per person Ig spend. No predictors of disease activity were identified. A treatment cessation trial with close clinical monitoring is an efficient, cost-effective and safe approach to assessing disease activity in CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Kapoor
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurosciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Level 6, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Compton
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alex Rossor
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Elsbeth Hutton
- Department of Neurosciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Level 6, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hadi Manji
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mike Lunn
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mary Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Aisling Carr
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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10
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Goyal NA, Karam C, Sheikh KA, Dimachkie MM. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:243-254. [PMID: 34260074 PMCID: PMC8457117 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) therapy is an established long‐term treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) that is commonly administered intravenously (IVIg). The subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) administration route is a safe and effective alternative option, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2018, for maintenance treatment of adults with CIDP. Physicians and patients alike need to be aware of all their treatment options in order to make informed decisions and plan long‐term treatment strategies. In this review, we collate the evidence for SCIg in CIDP from all published studies and discuss their implications and translation to clinical practice. We also provide guidance on the practicalities of how and when to transition patients from IVIg to SCIg and ongoing patient support. Evidence suggests that IVIg and SCIg have comparable long‐term efficacy in CIDP. However, SCIg can provide additional benefits for some patients, including no requirement for venous access or premedication, and reduced frequency of systemic adverse events. Local‐site reactions are more common with SCIg than IVIg, but these are mostly well‐tolerated and abate with subsequent infusions. Data suggest that many patients prefer SCIg following transition from IVIg. SCIg preference may be a result of the independence and flexibility associated with self‐infusion, whereas IVIg preference may be a result of familiarity and reliance on a healthcare professional for infusions. In practice, individualizing maintenance dosing based on disease behavior and determining the minimally effective IgG dose for individuals are key considerations irrespective of the administration route chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita A Goyal
- Department of Neurology, MDA ALS and Neuromuscular Center, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Chafic Karam
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kazim A Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mazen M Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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11
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Clinical outcome of CIDP one year after start of treatment: a prospective cohort study. J Neurol 2021; 269:945-955. [PMID: 34173873 PMCID: PMC8782785 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess clinical outcome in treatment-naive patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). METHODS We included adult treatment-naive patients participating in the prospective International CIDP Outcome Study (ICOS) that fulfilled the European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) diagnostic criteria for CIDP. Patients were grouped based on initial treatment with (1) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), (2) corticosteroid monotherapy or (3) IVIg and corticosteroids (combination treatment). Outcome measures included the inflammatory Rasch-built overall disability scale (I-RODS), grip strength, and Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score. Treatment response, treatment status, remissions (improved and untreated), treatment changes, and residual symptoms or deficits were assessed at 1 year. RESULTS Forty patients were included of whom 18 (45%) initially received IVIg, 6 (15%) corticosteroids, and 16 (40%) combination treatment. Improvement on ≥ 1 of the outcome measures was seen in 31 (78%) patients. At 1 year, 19 (48%) patients were still treated and fourteen (36%) patients were in remission. Improvement was seen most frequently in patients started on IVIg (94%) and remission in those started on combination treatment (44%). Differences between groups did not reach statistical significance. Residual symptoms or deficits ranged from 25% for neuropathic pain to 96% for any sensory deficit. CONCLUSIONS Improvement was seen in most patients. One year after the start of treatment, more than half of the patients were untreated and around one-third in remission. Residual symptoms and deficits were common regardless of treatment.
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Allen JA, Pasnoor M, Dimachkie MM, Ajroud-Driss S, Brannagan TH, Cook AA, Walton T, Fiecas MB, Kissel JT, Merkies I, Gorson KC, Lewis RA. Quantifying Treatment-Related Fluctuations in CIDP: Results of the GRIPPER Study. Neurology 2021; 96:e1876-e1886. [PMID: 33593867 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the extent of IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment-related fluctuations (TRFs) by using home collection of daily grip strength in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and to use that information to develop evidence-based treatment optimization strategies. METHODS This prospective observational study included 25 patients with well-defined CIDP. Participants recorded grip strength daily for 6 months. Disability and gait metrics were collected weekly. Serum immunoglobulin G levels were obtained at peak, trough, and midcycle IVIG intervals. Day-to-day grip strength changes <10% were considered random. To identify patients with TRFs, 3-day averaged grip strength was calculated on each consecutive day after an IVIG infusion. TRFs were defined as ≥10% 3-day averaged grip strength difference compared to the pre-IVIG baseline. RESULTS Participants successfully recorded grip strength on all but 9% of recordable days. Twelve patients (48%) were classified as low/no fluctuaters and 13 (52%) as frequent fluctuaters. In the frequent fluctuating group, grip strength improved over 1 week and thereafter was relatively stable until the third week after infusion. Grip strength was significantly correlated with measures of disability. CONCLUSIONS Grip strength collection by patients at home is reliable, valid, and feasible. A change in grip strength by ≥10% is a useful, practical, and evidence-based approach that may be used to identify clinically meaningful TRFs. From these data, we propose a treatment optimization strategy for patients with CIDP on chronic IVIG that may be applied to routine clinic care during both face-to-face and virtual video or telephone patient encounters. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02414490.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Allen
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mazen M Dimachkie
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Senda Ajroud-Driss
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas H Brannagan
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Albert A Cook
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Timothy Walton
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark B Fiecas
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John T Kissel
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ingemar Merkies
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kenneth C Gorson
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard A Lewis
- From the Department of Neurology (J.A.A.), and School of Public Heath (M.B.F.), Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (M.P., M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (S.A.-D.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (T.H.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Neurology at Johns Creek (A.A.C.), LLC, Atlanta, GA; BriovaRx (T.W.), Lenexa, KS; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (I.M.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Curaçao Medical Center (I.M.), Willemstad, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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