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Funayama M, Koreki A, Takata T, Nakagawa Y, Mimura M. Post-stroke urinary incontinence is associated with behavior control deficits and overactive bladder. Neuropsychologia 2024; 201:108942. [PMID: 38906459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although urinary incontinence in stroke survivors can substantially impact the patient's quality of life, the underlying neuropsychological mechanisms and its neural basis have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, we investigated this topic via neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging in a cross-sectional study. METHODS We recruited 71 individuals with cerebrovascular disease. The relationship between urinary incontinence and neuropsychological indices was investigated using simple linear regression analysis or Mann-Whitney U test, along with other explanatory variables, e.g., severity of overactive bladder. Variables with a p-value of <0.1 in the simple regression analysis were entered in the final multiple linear regression model to control for potential confounding factors. To carry out an in-depth examination of the neuroanatomical substrate for urinary incontinence, voxel-based lesion-behavior mapping was performed using MRIcron software. RESULTS Behavioral control deficits and severity of overactive bladder were closely related to severity of urinary incontinence. The voxel-based lesion-behavior mapping suggests a potential role for ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesioning in the severity of urinary incontinence, although this association is not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Post-stroke urinary incontinence is closely related to two factors: neurogenic overactive bladder, a physiological disinhibition of micturition reflex, and cognitive dysfunction, characterized by behavior control deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Funayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Ashikaga, Tochigi, 326-0843, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, 133-0052, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Koreki
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, 266-0007, Japan
| | - Taketo Takata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Ashikaga, Tochigi, 326-0843, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakagawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, 133-0052, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
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2
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Fisher SR, Villasante-Tezanos A, Allen LM, Pappadis MR, Kilic G. Comparative effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training, mirabegron, and trospium among older women with urgency urinary incontinence and high fall risk: a feasibility randomized clinical study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38178267 PMCID: PMC10765875 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untreated, urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and overactive bladder (OAB) can precipitate a vicious cycle of decreasing physical activity, social isolation, fear of falling, and falls. Structured behavioral interventions and medications are common initial treatment options, but they elicit their effects through very different mechanisms of action that may influence fall-related outcomes differently. This study will determine the feasibility of conducting a comparative effectiveness, three-arm, mixed methods, randomized clinical trial of a behaviorally based pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) intervention versus two recent drug options in older women with UUI or OAB who are also at increased risk of falling. METHODS Forty-eight women 60 years and older with UUI or OAB who screen positive for increased fall risk will be recruited through the urogynacology and pelvic health clinics of our university health system. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three 12-week treatment arms: (1) a course of behavioral and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) provided by physical therapists; (2) the beta-3 agonist, mirabegron; and (3) the antimuscarinic, trospium chloride. Study feasibility will be established through objective metrics of evaluability, adherence to the interventions, and attrition. We will also assess relevant measures of OAB symptom severity, quality of life, physical activity, incident falls, and concern about falling. DISCUSSION The proposed research seeks to ultimately determine if linkages between reduction in UI symptoms through treatment also reduce the risk of falling in this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05880862. Registered on 30 May 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve R Fisher
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA.
| | | | - Lindsay M Allen
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Monique R Pappadis
- Department of Population Health and Health Disparities, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Gokhan Kilic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
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Prevalence and Predictors of Increased Fall Risk Among Women Presenting to an Outpatient Urogynecology and Pelvic Health Center. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2021; 28:e7-e10. [PMID: 34628446 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of increased fall risk among women presenting to a large pelvic health center using a screening method compatible with the busy clinic environment and to identify factors associated with increased risk. METHODS A retrospective medical records review was conducted on consecutive treatment-seeking women presenting to a Urogynecology & Pelvic Health Center over 6 months. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries fall risk screening tool was included among the intake questionnaires all patients completed before their scheduled appointments. Relevant sociodemographic and clinical measures were abstracted from the electronic medical record. RESULTS Three hundred and forty-eight women completed the fall screen. One hundred and twenty-four (36%) screened positive for increased fall risk. Mean age was 58.7 ± 15.8 years. An age threshold of 68 years best discriminated between those who were and were not identified as at risk. There was a gradient of association between number of urinary symptoms and prevalence of increased fall risk. Patients with 3 or more urinary symptoms were most likely to screen positive (1: odds ratio [OR], 1.51 [0.86-2.66]; 2: OR, 1.62 [0.99-2.64]; 3 or more: OR, 1.84 [1.07-3.17]) after adjusting for other know fall risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of increased fall risk in this patient population is high and highest in women with multiple urinary symptoms. The Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries screening tool was a feasible and nonintrusive screening method for identifying increased fall risk during routine patient care. Fall risk and concern about falling should be taken into consideration when deciding management strategies for urinary problems.
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Gibson W, Makhani A, Hunter KF, Wagg A. Do Older Adults with Overactive Bladder Demonstrate Impaired Executive Function Compared to Their Peers Without OAB? Can Geriatr J 2020; 23:329-334. [PMID: 33282051 PMCID: PMC7704076 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.23.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Maintaining urinary continence is not an automatic process, but relies on continuous processing of sensory signals from the bladder and suppression of the desire to void. Urinary incontinence (UI) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including urinary urgency, frequency, and nocturia are highly prevalent among the general population. This prevalence rises in association with increasing age, and this may be in part due to changes in the central nervous system rather than the urinary tract. The aim of this study was to assess if older adults with overactive bladder (OAB) had demonstrable impairment in executive function. Methods This was a cross-sectional study comparing the performance of adults aged 65 and over with and without OAB on two cognitive tests, the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) and simple reaction time (SRT). OAB was defined as urgency, with at least weekly urgency incontinence and a daytime urinary frequency of 8 or more. The control group were defined as a Bladder control Self-Assessment Questionnaire (B-SAQ) score of ≤4. Results 56 participants were recruited, of whom 35 met criteria for OAB. The OAB group took significantly longer to complete the TMT-B than the control group (103s vs. 77s, p = .003). There was no difference in the SRT. Conclusions In this sample of older adults, OAB was associated with measurable slower performance on the TMT-B, suggesting that impaired executive function is associated with OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gibson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Asad Makhani
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | | | - Adrian Wagg
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
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5
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Gibson W, Morrison R, Wagg A, Hunter KF. Is the strong desire to void a source of diverted attention in healthy adult volunteers? Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 39:324-330. [PMID: 31782977 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The strong desire to void (SDV) induces changes in both cognition and gait. This may be due to the sensation of urinary urge acting as a source of diverted attention. This exploratory study examined the influence of SDV and a standardized distracting task on the performance of two measures of cognition, a simple reaction time (SRT) test and the trail making B test (TMT-B). METHODS 18 volunteers, 8 male and 10 female, without lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (mean age: 20.5, range: 20-47), performed a test of SRT and the TMT-B under three conditions; undistracted with an empty bladder, while experiencing SDV, and when performing a simultaneous distracting task, the auditory n back test. RESULTS A statistically significant increase in SRT was found when experiencing SDV and when distracted compared with the undistracted, bladder empty condition. The time taken to compete the TMT-B significantly increased with distraction but was not affected by SDV. CONCLUSION SDV induced a similar but smaller change in reaction time when compared with a distracting task, suggesting that SDV may act as a source of diverted attention in continent, healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gibson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachael Morrison
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrian Wagg
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathleen F Hunter
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Zhao D, Corsetti M, Moeini-Jazani M, Weltens N, Tuk M, Jan T, Warlop L, Van Oudenhove L. Defecatory urge increases cognitive control and intertemporal patience in healthy volunteers. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13600. [PMID: 30991452 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research has demonstrated that moderate urge to urinate improves inhibitory control, specifically among participants with higher behavioral inhibition sensitivity (BIS). The effect was absent when the urge exceeded intolerable level. The present research examines whether rectal distension-induced urge to defecate has similar effects. METHODS The moderate and high defecatory urge were induced by rectal distension in healthy volunteers (n = 35), while they completed Stroop task and monetary delay discounting task. The difference of average reaction time between incongruent and congruent trials in the Stroop task (Stroop interference) and the preference for larger-later rewards in the delay discounting task were the primary outcomes. KEY RESULTS Participants with high BIS (n = 17) showed greater ability to inhibit their automatic response tendencies, as indexed by their Stroop interference, under moderate urge relative to no urge (128 ± 41 ms vs 202 ± 37 ms, t64 = 2.07; P = 0.021, Cohen's d: 0.44), but not relative to high urge (154 ± 45 ms, t64 = 1.20; P = 0.12, Cohen's d: 0.30). High BIS participants also showed a higher preference for larger-later reward in the delay discounting task under high (odds ratio = 1.51 [1.02-2.25], P = 0.039) relative to no urge, but not relative to moderate urge (odds ratio = 1.02 [0.73-1.42], P = 0.91). In contrast, rectal distension did not influence performance on either of the tasks in participants with low BIS (n = 18). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCE These findings may be interpreted as a "spill-over" effect of inhibition of the urge to defecate to volitional cognitive control among healthy participants with high BIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Zhao
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mehrad Moeini-Jazani
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Weltens
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mirjam Tuk
- Imperial College Business School, London, UK.,Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tack Jan
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luk Warlop
- Department of Marketing, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Barker H, Munro J, Orlov N, Morgenroth E, Moser J, Eysenck MW, Allen P. Worry is associated with inefficient functional activity and connectivity in prefrontal and cingulate cortices during emotional interference. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01137. [PMID: 30378289 PMCID: PMC6305912 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anxiety is known to impair attentional control particularly when Task demands are high. Neuroimaging studies generally support these behavioral findings, reporting that anxiety is associated with increased (inefficient) activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during attentional control Tasks. However, less is known about the relationship between worry (part of the cognitive dimension of trait anxiety) and DLPFC/ACC function and connectivity during attentional control. In the present study, we sought to clarify this relationship. METHODS Forty-one participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a composite Faces and Scenes Task with high and low emotional interference conditions. Individual worry levels were assessed using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. RESULTS During high but not low emotional interference, worry was associated with increased activity in ACC, DLPFC, insula, and inferior parietal cortex. During high emotional interference, worry was also associated with reduced functional connectivity between ACC and DLPFC. Trait anxiety was not associated with changes in DLPFC/ACC activity or connectivity during either Task condition. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with cognitive models that propose worry competes for limited processing resources resulting in inefficient DLPFC and ACC activity when Tasks demands are high. Limitations of the present study and directions for future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Barker
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - James Munro
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natasza Orlov
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jason Moser
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Michael W Eysenck
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Combined Universities Brain Imaging Centre, London, UK
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The Role of Checklists and Human Factors for Improved Patient Safety in Plastic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 140:812e-817e. [PMID: 29176419 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying the article, participants should be able to: 1. Describe the role of human factors and nontechnical skills for patient safety and recognize the need for customization of surgical checklists. 2. Apply encouragement to speaking up and understand the importance of patient involvement for patient safety. 3. Recognize the potential for improvement regarding patient safety in their own environment and take a leading role in the patient safety process. 4. Assess their own safety status and develop measures to avoid unnecessary distraction in the operating room. SUMMARY Over the past 20 years, there has been increased attention to improving all aspects of patient safety and, in particular, the important role of checklists and human factors. This article gives a condensed overview of selected aspects of patient safety and aims to raise the awareness of the reader and encourage further study of referenced literature, with the goal of increased knowledge and use of proven safety methods. The CME questions should help indicate where there is still potential for improvement in patient safety, namely, in the field of nontechnical skills.
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9
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Gibson W, Hunter KF, Camicioli R, Booth J, Skelton DA, Dumoulin C, Paul L, Wagg A. The association between lower urinary tract symptoms and falls: Forming a theoretical model for a research agenda. Neurourol Urodyn 2017; 37:501-509. [PMID: 28471525 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a well-recognised association between falls and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in older adults, with estimates of odd ratios for falls in the presence of LUTS ranging between 1.5 and 2.3. Falls and LUTS are both highly prevalent among older people and both are markers of frailty, with significant associated morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource cost. This association is not well examined or explained in the literature. AIMS We aimed to outline current knowledge of the association between falls and lower urinary tract symptoms and suggest a research program to further investigate this. MATERIALS AND METHODS A consensus conference of experts in the field was convened to review the current literature and brainstorm potential future investigative avenues. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Despite the recognition of this association, there has been little research to examine its potential causes, and no intervention trial has established if reducing LUTS or urinary incontinence can reduce the risk of falls. The commonly held assumption that urgency causes falls through rushing to the toilet is likely incorrect. Falls and LUTS are both symptoms of frailty and have many common causes. Gait, balance, and continence are all processes requiring cognitive input, and the concept of dual tasking may be a further link. CONCLUSION The significant association between lower urinary tract symptoms and falls is currently unexplained, and further research into the potential causes of this association is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gibson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathleen F Hunter
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Camicioli
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joanne Booth
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Lorna Paul
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adrian Wagg
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Vlaeyen JW, Morley S, Crombez G. The experimental analysis of the interruptive, interfering, and identity-distorting effects of chronic pain. Behav Res Ther 2016; 86:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kamins J, Giza CC. Concussion-Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Recoverable Injury with Potential for Serious Sequelae. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2016; 27:441-52. [PMID: 27637394 PMCID: PMC5899515 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Concussion is increasingly recognized as a major public health issue. Most patients will return to baseline and experience full recovery, although a subset experiences persistent symptoms. Newer animal models and imaging studies are beginning to demonstrate that metabolic and neurovascular resolution may actually take longer than symptomatic recovery. Repeat traumatic brain injury within the metabolic window of dysfunction may result in worsened symptoms and prolonged recovery. The true risk for second impact syndrome appears to be small, and development of cerebral edema after a mild impact may be related to genetic risks rather than serial impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kamins
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, 710 Westwood Plaza, Suite 1-240, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA
| | - Christopher C Giza
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital-UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Room 531 Wasserman, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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12
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Fenn E, Blandón-Gitlin I, Coons J, Pineda C, Echon R. The inhibitory spillover effect: Controlling the bladder makes better liars. Conscious Cogn 2015; 37:112-22. [PMID: 26366466 PMCID: PMC4639445 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Inhibitory-Spillover-Effect (ISE) on a deception task was investigated. The ISE occurs when performance in one self-control task facilitates performance in another (simultaneously conducted) self-control task. Deceiving requires increased access to inhibitory control. We hypothesized that inducing liars to control urination urgency (physical inhibition) would facilitate control during deceptive interviews (cognitive inhibition). Participants drank small (low-control) or large (high-control) amounts of water. Next, they lied or told the truth to an interviewer. Third-party observers assessed the presence of behavioral cues and made true/lie judgments. In the high-control, but not the low-control condition, liars displayed significantly fewer behavioral cues to deception, more behavioral cues signaling truth, and provided longer and more complex accounts than truth-tellers. Accuracy detecting liars in the high-control condition was significantly impaired; observers revealed bias toward perceiving liars as truth-tellers. The ISE can operate in complex behaviors. Acts of deception can be facilitated by covert manipulations of self-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Fenn
- Claremont Graduate University, United States; California State University, Fullerton, United States
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13
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Thubert T, Villot A, Billecocq S, Auclair L, Amarenco G, Deffieux X. Influence of a distraction task on the involuntary reflex contraction of the pelvic floor muscles following cough. Neurourol Urodyn 2015; 36:160-165. [PMID: 26451967 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the involvement of a distraction task in involuntary reflex pelvic floor muscle contraction following cough. METHODS Informed consent was obtained from 33 healthy volunteers. Involuntary contraction of the external anal sphincter (EAS) was induced by means of coughing. Cough efforts were elicited by electronic order. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the EAS was recorded during involuntary contraction elicited by coughing. The trials were carried out twice: combined (or not) with a mental distraction task; the paced auditory serial additional test (PASAT). Reaction time (RT) defined as latency between the stimulus and maximum EAS EMG activity (RT1), latency between the stimulus and external intercostal (EIC) muscle EMG activity (RT2), latency between EIC EMG activity and EAS EMG activity (RT3), duration of the contraction, and the area under the EAS EMG activity curve (perineal contraction) were measured. RESULTS The distraction task altered anticipation of the PFM contraction: RT3 was -80.00 ms (IQR -107; -56) without the PASAT versus -56.67 ms (IQR: -94; -2) with the distraction task (ratio 0.71, P = 0.0045, Wilcoxon test). RT2 was altered during the distraction task: 583.33 ms (IQR: 344-775) without PASAT versus 652.71 ms (503-790) during PASAT (ratio 1.12, P = 0.031, Wilcoxon test). Finally, when the two conditions (respectively with and without the mental distraction task) were compared, there was a significant difference between the area under the EAS EMG activity curve (0.0115 mv sec vs. 0.0103 mv sec, ratio 0.90, P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS The mental distraction task altered involuntary reflex contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:160-165, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Thubert
- Neuro-Urology Department, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, France.,GMC-UPMC 01, GREEN (Group of clinical Research in Neuro-Urology, University Pierre and Marie Curie), France.,APHP, Hopital Antoine Béclère, Service de gynécologie obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction, France
| | - Anne Villot
- GMC-UPMC 01, GREEN (Group of clinical Research in Neuro-Urology, University Pierre and Marie Curie), France.,APHP, Hopital Antoine Béclère, Service de gynécologie obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction, France
| | - Sylvie Billecocq
- Cabinet de rééducation périnéale, 34 rue Raymond Losserand, Paris, France
| | | | - Gérard Amarenco
- Neuro-Urology Department, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, France.,GMC-UPMC 01, GREEN (Group of clinical Research in Neuro-Urology, University Pierre and Marie Curie), France
| | - Xavier Deffieux
- GMC-UPMC 01, GREEN (Group of clinical Research in Neuro-Urology, University Pierre and Marie Curie), France.,APHP, Hopital Antoine Béclère, Service de gynécologie obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction, France
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Cromer JA, Harel BT, Yu K, Valadka JS, Brunwin JW, Crawford CD, Mayes LC, Maruff P. Comparison of Cognitive Performance on the Cogstate Brief Battery When Taken In-Clinic, In-Group, and Unsupervised. Clin Neuropsychol 2015; 29:542-58. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2015.1054437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Cornelis GC. It is about time we put an end to the dehumanisation of the academic world. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2014; 19:1-4. [PMID: 24484048 DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2013.879382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustaaf C Cornelis
- Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE The physiopathology of the voiding and urinary continence was one of the hot topic of research these last few years. Unfortunately, anyone have already found a unique cause which could explain urinary incontinence (urge or stress). The concept of cognitive function highlights new ways of research to show the fundamental role of the cortex and the sub-cortex in these diseases. METHODS A comprehensive literature review using Pubmed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane: "cognition, urinary tract, urinary continence, neuroimaging, IRMf, micturition, urge, brain factor and cognitive therapy". In all the articles, 72 really dealt with micturition and cognition. RESULTS New imaging techniques allowed to show the relationship between the different brain area involved in the bladder control such as the periaqueductal gray, the hypothalamus, the insula, the anterior cingulated cortex and the prefrontal cortex. These cortical area are equally involved in cognition. An alteration of urinary continence implies a modification of activation of these cortical areas. CONCLUSION A better knowledge of the cognitive side of micturition and urinary continence will allow to improve the treatment of their associated diseases.
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Jousse M, Verollet D, Guinet-Lacoste A, Le Breton F, Auclair L, Sheikh Ismael S, Amarenco G. Need to void and attentional process interrelationships. BJU Int 2013; 112:E351-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Moore DJ, Keogh E, Crombez G, Eccleston C. Methods for studying naturally occurring human pain and their analogues. Pain 2013; 154:190-199. [PMID: 22902199 PMCID: PMC7130603 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods for investigating human pain have been developed over the last 100years. Typically, researchers focus on people with clinical pain, or on healthy participants undergoing laboratory-controlled pain-induction techniques focussed mostly on exogenously generated skin nociception. Less commonly investigated are acute pain experiences that emerge naturally. Six common painful complaints were identified: headache, muscular pain, visceral pain, menstrual pain, dental pain, and pain associated with upper respiratory tract infection. Methods used to recruit participants with the natural occurrence of each pain complaint were identified, and features of their use reviewed. Also reviewed were experimental analogues designed to mimic these pains, with the exception of menstrual pain. Headache and menstrual pain appear to be most effectively researched in their naturally occurring form, whereas muscle and dental pain may be more easily induced. Upper respiratory tract infection and abdominal pain provide further challenges for researchers. Summary guidance is offered, and directions for methods development outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Moore
- Centre for Pain Research, The University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Edmund Keogh
- Centre for Pain Research, The University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Darby DG, Master CL, Grady MF. Computerized neurocognitive testing in the medical evaluation of sports concussion. Pediatr Ann 2012; 41:371-6. [PMID: 22953983 DOI: 10.3928/00904481-20120827-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David G Darby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
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Nauta RJ. Residency Training Oversight(s) in Surgery: The History and Legacy of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Reforms. Surg Clin North Am 2012; 92:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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