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Erdogan BR, Liu G, Arioglu-Inan E, Michel MC. Established and emerging treatments for diabetes-associated lower urinary tract dysfunction. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:887-906. [PMID: 35545721 PMCID: PMC9276575 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the lower urinary tract (LUT) including urinary bladder and urethra (and prostate in men) is one of the most frequent complications of diabetes and can manifest as overactive bladder, underactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and as aggravated symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia. We have performed a selective literature search to review existing evidence on efficacy of classic medications for the treatment of LUT dysfunction in diabetic patients and animals, i.e., α1-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptor antagonists, β3-adrenoceptor agonists, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Generally, these agents appear to have comparable efficacy in patients and/or animals with and without diabetes. We also review effects of antidiabetic medications on LUT function. Such studies have largely been performed in animal models. In the streptozotocin-induced models of type 1 diabetes, insulin can prevent and reverse alterations of morphology, function, and gene expression patterns in bladder and prostate. Typical medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes have been studied less often, and the reported findings are not yet sufficient to derive robust conclusions. Thereafter, we review animal studies with emerging medications perhaps targeting diabetes-associated LUT dysfunction. Data with myoinositol, daidzein, and with compounds that target oxidative stress, inflammation, Rac1, nerve growth factor, angiotensin II receptor, serotonin receptor, adenosine receptor, and soluble guanylyl cyclase are not conclusive yet, but some hold promise as potential treatments. Finally, we review nonpharmacological interventions in diabetic bladder dysfunction. These approaches are relatively new and give promising results in preclinical studies. In conclusion, the insulin data in rodent models of type 1 diabetes suggest that diabetes-associated LUT function can be mostly or partially reversed. However, we propose that considerable additional experimental and clinical studies are needed to target diabetes itself or pathophysiological changes induced by chronic hyperglycemia for the treatment of diabetic uropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül R Erdogan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guiming Liu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ebru Arioglu-Inan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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CGRP Reduces Apoptosis of DRG Cells Induced by High-Glucose Oxidative Stress Injury through PI3K/AKT Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Nrf-2 Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2053149. [PMID: 31885775 PMCID: PMC6899316 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2053149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which are sensitive to oxidative stress due to their anatomical and structural characteristics, play a complex role in the initiation and progression of diabetic bladder neuropathy. We investigated the hypothesis that the antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of CGRP may be partly related to the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, thus reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress responses. This study shows that CGRP activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby inducing increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and resulting in the decrease of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and reduced neuronal apoptosis. These effects were suppressed by LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, regulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression by the PI3K/AKT pathway plays an important role in the regulation of the antioxidant and antiapoptotic responses in DRG cells in a high-glucose culture model.
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Liu YD, Zhang SC, Xue J, Wei ZQ, Shen BX, Ding LC. Caffeine improves bladder function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 38:81-86. [PMID: 30411811 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Liu
- Department of Urology; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu province China
- The Third People's Hospital of Yancheng; Yancheng Jiangsu province China
| | - Si-Cong Zhang
- Department of Urology; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu province China
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Urology; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu province China
| | - Zhong-Qing Wei
- Department of Urology; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu province China
| | - Bai-Xin Shen
- Department of Urology; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu province China
| | - Liu-Cheng Ding
- Department of Urology; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu province China
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Peh WYX, Raczkowska MN, Teh Y, Alam M, Thakor NV, Yen SC. Closed-loop stimulation of the pelvic nerve for optimal micturition. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:066009. [PMID: 30181427 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aadee9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neural stimulation to restore bladder function has traditionally relied on open-loop approaches that used pre-set parameters, which do not adapt to suboptimal outcomes. The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a novel closed-loop stimulation paradigm for improving micturition or bladder voiding. APPROACH We compared the voiding efficiency obtained with this closed-loop framework against open-loop stimulation paradigms in anesthetized rats. The bladder pressures that preceded voiding, and the minimum current amplitudes for stimulating the pelvic nerves to evoke bladder contractions, were first calibrated for each animal. An automated closed-loop system was used to initiate voiding upon bladder fullness, adapt the stimulation current by using real-time bladder pressure changes to classify voiding outcomes, and halt stimulation when the bladder had been emptied or when the safe stimulation limit was reached. MAIN RESULTS In vivo testing demonstrated that the closed-loop system achieved high voiding efficiency or VE (75.7% ± 3.07%, mean ± standard error of the mean) and outperformed open-loop systems with either conserved number of stimulation epochs (63.2% ± 4.90% VE) or conserved charge injected (32.0% ± 1.70% VE). Post-hoc analyses suggest that the classification algorithm can be further improved with data from additional closed-loop experiments. SIGNIFICANCE This novel approach may be applied to an implantable device for treating underactive bladder (<60% VE), especially in cases where under- or over-stimulation of the nerve is a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Yen Xian Peh
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-02, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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Peh WYX, Mogan R, Thow XY, Chua SM, Rusly A, Thakor NV, Yen SC. Novel Neurostimulation of Autonomic Pelvic Nerves Overcomes Bladder-Sphincter Dyssynergia. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:186. [PMID: 29618971 PMCID: PMC5871706 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of coordination between smooth muscle contraction in the bladder and the relaxation of the external urethral sphincter (EUS) striated muscle is a common issue in dysfunctional bladders. It is a significant challenge to overcome for neuromodulation approaches to restore bladder control. Bladder-sphincter dyssynergia leads to undesirably high bladder pressures, and poor voiding outcomes, which can pose life-threatening secondary complications. Mixed pelvic nerves are potential peripheral targets for stimulation to treat dysfunctional bladders, but typical electrical stimulation of pelvic nerves activates both the parasympathetic efferent pathway to excite the bladder, as well as the sensory afferent pathway that causes unwanted sphincter contractions. Thus, a novel pelvic nerve stimulation paradigm is required. In anesthetized female rats, we combined a low frequency (10 Hz) stimulation to evoke bladder contraction, and a more proximal 20 kHz stimulation of the pelvic nerve to block afferent activation, in order to produce micturition with reduced bladder-sphincter dyssynergia. Increasing the phase width of low frequency stimulation from 150 to 300 μs alone was able to improve voiding outcome significantly. However, low frequency stimulation of pelvic nerves alone evoked short latency (19.9–20.5 ms) dyssynergic EUS responses, which were abolished with a non-reversible proximal central pelvic nerve cut. We demonstrated that a proximal 20 kHz stimulation of pelvic nerves generated brief onset effects at lower current amplitudes, and was able to either partially or fully block the short latency EUS responses depending on the ratio of the blocking to stimulation current. Our results indicate that ratios >10 increased the efficacy of blocking EUS contractions. Importantly, we also demonstrated for the first time that this combined low and high frequency stimulation approach produced graded control of the bladder, while reversibly blocking afferent signals that elicited dyssynergic EUS contractions, thus improving voiding by 40.5 ± 12.3%. Our findings support advancing pelvic nerves as a suitable neuromodulation target for treating bladder dysfunction, and demonstrate the feasibility of an alternative method to non-reversible nerve transection and sub-optimal intermittent stimulation methods to reduce dyssynergia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Yen Xian Peh
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roshini Mogan
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yuan Thow
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Min Chua
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Astrid Rusly
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nitish V Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shih-Cheng Yen
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Chai TC, Kudze T. New therapeutic directions to treat underactive bladder. Investig Clin Urol 2017; 58:S99-S106. [PMID: 29279882 PMCID: PMC5740036 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2017.58.s2.s99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Underactive bladder (UAB) is a term used to describe a constellation of symptoms that is perceived by patients suggesting bladder hypocontractility. Urodynamic measurement that suggest decreased contractility of the bladder is termed detrusor underactivity (DUA). Regulatory approved specific management options with clinically proven ability to increase bladder contractility do not currently exist. While DUA specific treatments presumably will focus on methods to increase efficiency of bladder emptying capability relying on augmenting the motor pathway in the micturition reflex, other approaches include methods to augment the sensory (afferent) contribution to the micturition reflex which could result in increased detrusor contractility. Another method to induce more efficient bladder emptying could be to induce relaxation of the bladder outlet. Using cellular regenerative techniques, the detrusor smooth muscle can be targeted so the result is to increase detrusor smooth muscle function. In this review, we will cover areas of potential new therapies for DUA including: drug therapy, stem cells and regenerative therapies, neuromodulation, and urethral flow assist device. Paralleling development of new therapies, there also needs to be clinical studies performed that address how DUA relates to UAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby C Chai
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tambudzai Kudze
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Ahmed Z. Effects of cathodal trans-spinal direct current stimulation on lower urinary tract function in normal and spinal cord injury mice with overactive bladder. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:056002. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa76f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Effects of pudendal neuromodulation on bladder function in chronic spinal cord-injured rats. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:703-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Hsieh TH, Lin YT, Chen SC, Peng CW. Chronic pudendal neuromodulation using an implantable microstimulator improves voiding function in diabetic rats. J Neural Eng 2016; 13:046001. [PMID: 27187108 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/4/046001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Few studies have investigated the feasibility of using chronic pudendal neuromodulation for improving voiding function in patients with diabetes who are also experiencing urinary retention. The present study investigated the effects of chronic electrical stimulation (ES) of the sensory branch of the pudendal nerve on voiding function in diabetic rats. Approach A custom-made implantable microstimulation system was designed and manufactured for chronic implantation in normal control (NC) and diabetic rats. After three or six weeks of pudendal neuromodulation, the intravesical pressure, external urethral sphincter electromyograms (EUS-EMGs), and urine flow rate (UFR) of all rats were simultaneously recorded to assess the effects of chronic pudendal ES on voiding function. Morphological changes in pudendal axons were assessed through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Significance This study demonstrated the feasibility of using chronic pudendal neuromodulation for improving voiding function in diabetic rats. These results may facilitate the development of an advanced neural prosthesis for restoring bladder function in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Ali G, Subhan F, Abbas M, Zeb J, Shahid M, Sewell RDE. A streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic pain model for static or dynamic mechanical allodynia and vulvodynia: validation using topical and systemic gabapentin. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 388:1129-40. [PMID: 26134846 PMCID: PMC4619463 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic vulvodynia is a state of vulval discomfort characterized by a burning sensation, diffuse pain, pruritus or rawness with an acute or chronic onset. Diabetes mellitus may cause this type of vulvar pain in several ways, so this study was conducted to evaluate streptozotocin-induced diabetes as a neuropathic pain model for vulvodynia in female rats. The presence of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg i.p.)-induced diabetes was initially verified by disclosure of pancreatic tissue degeneration, blood glucose elevation and body weight loss 5-29 days after a single treatment. Dynamic (shortened paw withdrawal latency to light brushing) and static (diminished von Frey filament threshold pressure) mechanical allodynia was then confirmed on the plantar foot surface. Subsequently, both static and dynamic vulvodynia was detected by application of the paradigm to the vulval region. Systemic gabapentin (75 mg/kg, i.p.) and topical gabapentin (10 % gel) were finally tested against allodynia and vulvodynia. Topical gabapentin and the control gel vehicle significantly increased paw withdrawal threshold in the case of the static allodynia model and also paw withdrawal latency in the model for dynamic allodynia when compared with the streptozotocin-pretreated group. Likewise, in the case of static and dynamic vulvodynia, there was a significant antivulvodynia effect of systemic and topical gabapentin treatment. These outcomes substantiate the value of this model not only for allodynia but also for vulvodynia, and this was corroborated by the findings not only with systemic but also with topical gabapentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Subhan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Muzaffar Abbas
- Fulbright Graduate Student, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South, Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Jehan Zeb
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Ave., Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.
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Calabrò RS, Leo A, Bramanti P. Pudendal nerve stimulation: A potential tool for neurogenic bowel dysfunction! Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 33:358-9. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonino Leo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo; Messina Italy
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12
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Al Taweel W. Contemporary Evaluation and Management of Diabetic Cystopathy. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-013-0175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Peng CW, Lin YT, Chen SC, Kuo TS. Pudendal neuromodulation with a closed-loop control strategy to improve bladder functions in the animal study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2013:3626-3629. [PMID: 24110515 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new closed-loop control strategy for improving bladder emptying and verify its performance in animal experiments. Two channel outputs of electrical currents triggered by intravesical pressure (IVP)-feedback signals were set to automatically regulate the rat's pudendal nerve for selective nerve stimulation and blocking. Under this experimental design, a series of in-vivo animal experiments were conducted on anesthetized rats. Our results showed that the IVP-feedback control strategy for dual-channel pudendal neuromodulation performed well in animal experiments and could be utilized to selectively stimulate and block the pudendal nerve to augment bladder contraction and restore external urethral sphincter (EUS) bursting activity to simultaneously improve bladder emptying. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the IVP-based feedback-control strategy with animal experiments, and the results could provide a basis for developing a sophisticated neural prosthesis for restoring bladder function in clinical use or the relative neurophysiological study.
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