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Tessier A, Ruze AJ, Varlet I, Laïb EMH, Royer E, Bernard M, Viola A, Perles-Barbacaru TA. Quantitative MRI of Gd-DOTA Accumulation in the Mouse Brain After Intraperitoneal Administration: Validation by Mass Spectrometry. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:316-324. [PMID: 37811700 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mice, intraperitoneal (ip) contrast agent (CA) administration is convenient for mapping microvascular parameters over a long-time window. However, continuous quantitative MRI of CA accumulation in brain over hours is still missing. PURPOSE To validate a quantitative time-resolved MRI technique for mapping the CA kinetics in brain upon ip administration. STUDY TYPE Prospective, animal model. SPECIMEN 25 C57Bl/6JRj mice underwent MRI. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 7-T, gradient echo sequence. ASSESSMENT Gd-DOTA concentration was monitored by MRI (25 s/repetition) over 135 minutes with (N = 15) and without (N = 10) ip mannitol challenge (5 g/kg). After the final repetition, the brains were sampled to quantify gadolinium by mass spectrometry (MS). Upon manual brain segmentation, the average gadolinium concentration was compared with the MS quantification in transcardially perfused (N = 20) and unperfused (N = 5) mice. Precontrast T1-maps were acquired in 8 of 25 mice. STATISTICAL TESTS One-tailed Spearman and Pearson correlation between gadolinium quantification by MRI and by MS, D'Agostino-Pearson test for normal distribution, Bland-Altman analysis to evaluate the agreement between MRI and MS. Significance was set at P-value <0.05. RESULTS MRI showed that ip administered CA reached the blood compartment (>5 mM) within 10 minutes and accumulated continuously for 2 hours in cerebrospinal fluid (>1 mM) and in brain tissue. The MRI-derived concentration maps showed interindividual differences in CA accumulation (from 0.47 to 0.81 mM at 2 hours) with a consistent distribution resembling the pathways of the glymphatic system. The average in-vivo brain concentration 2 hours post-CA administration correlated significantly (r = 0.8206) with the brain gadolinium quantification by MS for N = 21 paired observations available. DATA CONCLUSION The presented experimental and imaging protocol may be convenient for monitoring the spatiotemporal pattern of CA uptake and clearance in the mouse brain over 2 hours. The quantification of the CA from the MRI signal in brain is corroborated by MS. EVIDENCE LEVEL N/A TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tessier
- CNRS, Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biology and Medicine (CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sainte-Anne Military Teaching Hospital (Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées), Toulon, France
| | - Anthony J Ruze
- CNRS, Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biology and Medicine (CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Varlet
- CNRS, Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biology and Medicine (CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Estelle M H Laïb
- CNRS, Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biology and Medicine (CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emilien Royer
- CNRS, Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biology and Medicine (CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- CNRS, Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biology and Medicine (CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Angèle Viola
- CNRS, Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biology and Medicine (CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Teodora-Adriana Perles-Barbacaru
- CNRS, Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biology and Medicine (CRMBM, UMR CNRS 7339), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Le TT, Im GH, Lee CH, Choi SH, Kim SG. Mapping cerebral perfusion in mice under various anesthesia levels using highly sensitive BOLD MRI with transient hypoxia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7605. [PMID: 38416820 PMCID: PMC10901365 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral perfusion is critical for the early detection of neurological diseases and for effectively monitoring disease progression and treatment responses. Mouse models are widely used in brain research, often under anesthesia, which can affect vascular physiology. However, the impact of anesthesia on regional cerebral blood volume and flow in mice has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we have developed a whole-brain perfusion MRI approach by using a 5-second nitrogen gas stimulus under inhalational anesthetics to induce transient BOLD dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC). This method proved to be highly sensitive, repeatable within each imaging session, and across four weekly sessions. Relative cerebral blood volumes measured by BOLD DSC agree well with those by contrast agents. Quantitative cerebral blood volume and flow metrics were successfully measured in mice under dexmedetomidine and various isoflurane doses using both total vasculature-sensitive gradient-echo and microvasculature-sensitive spin-echo BOLD MRI. Dexmedetomidine reduces cerebral perfusion, while isoflurane increases cerebral perfusion in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Le
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Han Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Liu C, Zhu N, Sun H, Zhang J, Feng X, Gjerswold-Selleck S, Sikka D, Zhu X, Liu X, Nuriel T, Wei HJ, Wu CC, Vaughan JT, Laine AF, Provenzano FA, Small SA, Guo J. Deep learning of MRI contrast enhancement for mapping cerebral blood volume from single-modal non-contrast scans of aging and Alzheimer's disease brains. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:923673. [PMID: 36034139 PMCID: PMC9407020 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.923673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While MRI contrast agents such as those based on Gadolinium are needed for high-resolution mapping of brain metabolism, these contrast agents require intravenous administration, and there are rising concerns over their safety and invasiveness. Furthermore, non-contrast MRI scans are more commonly performed than those with contrast agents and are readily available for analysis in public databases such as the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). In this article, we hypothesize that a deep learning model, trained using quantitative steady-state contrast-enhanced structural MRI datasets, in mice and humans, can generate contrast-equivalent information from a single non-contrast MRI scan. The model was first trained, optimized, and validated in mice, and was then transferred and adapted to humans. We observe that the model can substitute for Gadolinium-based contrast agents in approximating cerebral blood volume, a quantitative representation of brain activity, at sub-millimeter granularity. Furthermore, we validate the use of our deep-learned prediction maps to identify functional abnormalities in the aging brain using locally obtained MRI scans, and in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease using publicly available MRI scans from ADNI. Since it is derived from a commonly-acquired MRI protocol, this framework has the potential for broad clinical utility and can also be applied retrospectively to research scans across a host of neurological/functional diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nanyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Junhao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xinyang Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Dipika Sikka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xuemin Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tal Nuriel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cheng-Chia Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - J. Thomas Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrew F. Laine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Scott A. Small
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- The Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jia Guo
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Combination of DNA Vaccine and Immune Checkpoint Blockades Improves the Immune Response in an Orthotopic Unresectable Glioblastoma Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051025. [PMID: 35631612 PMCID: PMC9145362 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to increase the immune response in glioblastoma (GBM) and overcome the complex immunosuppression occurring in its microenvironment. In this study, we hypothesized that combining DNA vaccines—to stimulate a specific immune response—and dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)—to decrease the immunosuppression exerted on T cells—will improve the immune response and the survival in an orthotopic unresectable GL261 model. We first highlighted the influence of the insertion position of a GBM epitope sequence in a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding a vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) (here referred to as pTOP) in the generation of a specific and significant IFN-γ response against the GBM antigen TRP2 by inserting a CD8 epitope sequence in specific permissive sites. Then, we combined the pTOP vaccine with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 ICBs. Immune cell analysis revealed an increase in effector T cell to Treg ratios in the spleens and an increase in infiltrated IFN-γ-secreting CD8 T cell frequency in the brains following combination therapy. Even if the survival was not significantly different between dual ICB and combination therapy, we offer a new immunotherapeutic perspective by improving the immune landscape in an orthotopic unresectable GBM model.
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Shalaby N, Kelly J, Martinez F, Fox M, Qi Q, Thiessen J, Hicks J, Scholl TJ, Ronald JA. A Human-derived Dual MRI/PET Reporter Gene System with High Translational Potential for Cell Tracking. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:341-351. [PMID: 35146614 PMCID: PMC9235057 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reporter gene imaging has been extensively used to longitudinally report on whole-body distribution and viability of transplanted engineered cells. Multi-modal cell tracking can provide complementary information on cell fate. Typical multi-modal reporter gene systems often combine clinical and preclinical modalities. A multi-modal reporter gene system for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), two clinical modalities, would be advantageous by combining the sensitivity of PET with the high-resolution morphology and non-ionizing nature of MRI. PROCEDURES We developed and evaluated a dual MRI/PET reporter gene system composed of two human-derived reporter genes that utilize clinical reporter probes for engineered cell detection. As a proof-of-concept, breast cancer cells were engineered to co-express the human organic anion transporter polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3) that uptakes the clinical MRI contrast agent gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA), and the human sodium iodide symporter (NIS) which uptakes the PET tracer, [18F] tetrafluoroborate ([18F] TFB). RESULTS T1-weighted MRI results in mice exhibited significantly higher MRI signals in reporter-gene-engineered mammary fat pad tumors versus contralateral naïve tumors (p < 0.05). No differences in contrast enhancement were observed at 5 h after Gd-EOB-DTPA administration using either intravenous or intraperitoneal injection. We also found significantly higher standard uptake values (SUV) in engineered tumors in comparison to the naïve tumors in [18F]TFB PET images (p < 0.001). Intratumoral heterogeneity in signal enhancement was more conspicuous in relatively higher resolution MR images compared to PET images. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the ability to noninvasively track cells engineered with our human-derived dual MRI/PET reporter system, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of transplanted cells. Future work is focused on applying this tool to track therapeutic cells, which may one day enable the broader application of cell tracking within the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.
| | - John Kelly
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Francisco Martinez
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Mathew Fox
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
- Saint Joseph's Health Care, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jonathan Thiessen
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Saint Joseph's Health Care, Toronto, Canada
- Lawson Cyclotron and Radiochemistry Facility, London, Canada
| | - Justin Hicks
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
- Lawson Cyclotron and Radiochemistry Facility, London, Canada
| | - Timothy J Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
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Simoes S, Guo J, Buitrago L, Qureshi YH, Feng X, Kothiya M, Cortes E, Patel V, Kannan S, Kim YH, Chang KT, Hussaini SA, Moreno H, Di Paolo G, Andersen OM, Small SA. Alzheimer's vulnerable brain region relies on a distinct retromer core dedicated to endosomal recycling. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110182. [PMID: 34965419 PMCID: PMC8792909 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether and how the pathogenic disruptions in endosomal trafficking observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are linked to its anatomical vulnerability remain unknown. Here, we began addressing these questions by showing that neurons are enriched with a second retromer core, organized around VPS26b, differentially dedicated to endosomal recycling. Next, by imaging mouse models, we show that the trans-entorhinal cortex, a region most vulnerable to AD, is most susceptible to VPS26b depletion—a finding validated by electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry, and behavior. VPS26b was then found enriched in the trans-entorhinal cortex of human brains, where both VPS26b and the retromer-related receptor SORL1 were found deficient in AD. Finally, by regulating glutamate receptor and SORL1 recycling, we show that VPS26b can mediate regionally selective synaptic dysfunction and SORL1 deficiency. Together with the trans-entorhinal’s unique network properties, hypothesized to impose a heavy demand on endosomal recycling, these results suggest a general mechanism that can explain AD’s regional vulnerability. Trans-entorhinal cortex neurons are most vulnerable to Alzheimer’s disease. Simoes et al. explain this vulnerability by showing that these neurons are dependent on a distinct VPS26b-retromer core differentially dedicated to endosomal recycling. VPS26b is highly expressed in these neurons, where they regulate synaptic function, GluA1/SORL1 recycling, and disease-associated pathologies
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Simoes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jia Guo
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Luna Buitrago
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Departments of Neurology and Physiology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Yasir H Qureshi
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xinyang Feng
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Milankumar Kothiya
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Etty Cortes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vivek Patel
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Suvarnambiga Kannan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - S Abid Hussaini
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Herman Moreno
- The Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høgh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 AarhusC, Denmark
| | - Scott A Small
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Fung CW, Guo J, Fu H, Figueroa HY, Konofagou EE, Duff KE. Atrophy associated with tau pathology precedes overt cell death in a mouse model of progressive tauopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/42/eabc8098. [PMID: 33067235 PMCID: PMC7567584 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) first develops in the entorhinal cortex (EC), then spreads to the hippocampus, followed by the neocortex. Overall, tau pathology correlates well with neurodegeneration and cell loss, but the spatial and temporal association between tau pathology and overt volume loss (atrophy) associated with structural changes or cell loss is unclear. Using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with tensor-based morphometry (TBM), we mapped the spatiotemporal pattern of structural changes in a mouse model of AD-like progressive tauopathy. A novel, coregistered in vivo MRI atlas was then applied to identify regions in the medial temporal lobe that had a significant volume reduction. Our study shows that in a mouse model of tauopathy spread, the propagation of tau pathology from the EC to the hippocampus is associated with TBM-related atrophy, but atrophy in the dentate gyrus and subiculum precedes overt cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Fung
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury, Discovery Themes, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Helen Y Figueroa
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Karen E Duff
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
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Brain regions vulnerable and resistant to aging without Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234255. [PMID: 32726311 PMCID: PMC7390259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
'Normal aging' in the brain refers to age-related changes that occur independent of disease, in particular Alzheimer's disease. A major barrier to mapping normal brain aging has been the difficulty in excluding the earliest preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease. Here, before addressing this issue we first imaged a mouse model and learn that the best MRI measure of dendritic spine loss, a known pathophysiological driver of normal aging, is one that relies on the combined use of functional and structural MRI. In the primary study, we then deployed the combined functional-structural MRI measure to investigate over 100 cognitively-normal people from 20-72 years of age. Next, to cover the tail end of aging, in secondary analyses we investigated structural MRI acquired from cognitively-normal people, 60-84 years of age, who were Alzheimer's-free via biomarkers. Collectively, the results from the primary functional-structural study, and the secondary structural studies revealed that the dentate gyrus is a hippocampal region differentially affected by aging, and that the entorhinal cortex is a region most resistant to aging. Across the cortex, the primary functional-structural study revealed and that the inferior frontal gyrus is differentially affected by aging, however, the secondary structural studies implicated other frontal cortex regions. Together, the results clarify how normal aging may affect the brain and has possible mechanistic and therapeutic implications.
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Lander SS, Khan U, Lewandowski N, Chakraborty D, Provenzano FA, Mingote S, Chornyy S, Frigerio F, Maechler P, Kaphzan H, Small SA, Rayport S, Gaisler-Salomon I. Glutamate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Mice Display Schizophrenia-Like Behavioral Abnormalities and CA1-Specific Hippocampal Dysfunction. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:127-137. [PMID: 29471549 PMCID: PMC6293228 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain imaging has revealed that the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus is hyperactive in prodromal and diagnosed patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), and that glutamate is a driver of this hyperactivity. Strikingly, mice deficient in the glutamate synthetic enzyme glutaminase have CA1 hypoactivity and a SCZ-resilience profile, implicating glutamate-metabolizing enzymes. To address this further, we examined mice with a brain-wide deficit in the glutamate-metabolizing enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), encoded by Glud1, which should lead to glutamate excess due to reduced glutamate metabolism in astrocytes. We found that Glud1-deficient mice have behavioral abnormalities in the 3 SCZ symptom domains, with increased baseline and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion as a positive symptom proxy, nest building and social preference as a negative symptom proxy, and reversal/extradimensional set shifting in the water T-maze and contextual fear conditioning as a cognitive symptom proxy. Neuroimaging of cerebral blood volume revealed hippocampal hyperactivity in CA1, which was associated with volume reduction. Parameters of hippocampal synaptic function revealed excess glutamate release and an elevated excitatory/inhibitory balance in CA1. Finally, in a direct clinical correlation using imaging-guided microarray, we found a significant SCZ-associated postmortem reduction in GLUD1 expression in CA1. These findings advance GLUD1 deficiency as a driver of excess hippocampal excitatory transmission and SCZ symptoms, and identify GDH as a target for glutamate modulation pharmacotherapy for SCZ. More broadly, these findings point to the likely involvement of alterations in glutamate metabolism in the pathophysiology of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon S Lander
- Department of Psychology or Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Usman Khan
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Nicole Lewandowski
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Darpan Chakraborty
- Department of Psychology or Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frank A Provenzano
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Susana Mingote
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Sergiy Chornyy
- Department of Psychology or Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Francesca Frigerio
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerl
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerl
| | - Hanoch Kaphzan
- Department of Psychology or Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Scott A Small
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Inna Gaisler-Salomon
- Department of Psychology or Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 199 Abba Khoushi Ave, Haifa, Israel; tel: +972-4-8249674, fax +972-4-8240966, email
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Neuronal hyperactivity due to loss of inhibitory tone in APOE4 mice lacking Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1464. [PMID: 29133888 PMCID: PMC5684208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the dominant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the reason APOE4 is associated with increased AD risk remains a source of debate. Neuronal hyperactivity is an early phenotype in both AD mouse models and in human AD, which may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we have identified an APOE4-associated hyperactivity phenotype in the brains of aged APOE mice using four complimentary techniques—fMRI, in vitro electrophysiology, in vivo electrophysiology, and metabolomics—with the most prominent hyperactivity occurring in the entorhinal cortex. Further analysis revealed that this neuronal hyperactivity is driven by decreased background inhibition caused by reduced responsiveness of excitatory neurons to GABAergic inhibitory inputs. Given the observations of neuronal hyperactivity in prodromal AD, we propose that this APOE4-driven hyperactivity may be a causative factor driving increased risk of AD among APOE4 carriers. The APOE4 allele is the leading risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but how it might contribute to the disease is not clear. Here the authors show that a mouse expressing the human APOE4 allele displays hyperactivity in the entorhinal cortex due to a decreased inhibitory tone, which may in part explain accelerated Alzheimer’s pathology in APOE4 carriers.
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11
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Crowe LA, Montecucco F, Carbone F, Friedli I, Hachulla AL, Braunersreuther V, Mach F, Vallée JP. 4D cardiac imaging at clinical 3.0T provides accurate assessment of murine myocardial function and viability. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 44:46-54. [PMID: 28827099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We validate a 4D strategy tailored for 3T clinical systems to simultaneously quantify function and infarct size in wild type mice after ischemia/reperfusion, with improved spatial and temporal resolution by comparison to previous published protocols using clinical field MRI systems. METHODS C57BL/6J mice underwent 60min ischemia/reperfusion (n=14) or were controls without surgery (n=6). Twenty-four hours after surgery mice were imaged with gadolinium injection and sacrificed for post-mortem MRI and histology with serum also taken for Troponin I levels. The double ECG- and respiratory-triggered 3D FLASH (Fast Low Angle Shot) gradient echo (GRE) cine sequence had an acquired isotropic resolution of 344μm, TR/TE of 7.8/2.9ms and acquisition time 25-35min. The conventional 2D FLASH cine sequence had the same in-plane resolution of 344μm, 1mm slice thickness and TR/TE 11/5.4ms for an acquisition time of 20-25min plus 5min for planning. Left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) volumes were measured and functional parameters compared 2D to 3D, left to right and for inter and intra observer reproducibility. MRI infarct volume was compared to histology. RESULTS For the function evaluation, the 3D cine outperformed 2D cine for spatial and temporal resolution. Protocol time for the two methods was equivalent (25-35min). Flow artifacts were reduced (p=0.008) and epi/endo-cardial delineation showed good intra and interobserver reproducibility. Paired t-test comparing ejection volume left to right showed no significant difference for 3D (p=0.37), nor 2D (p=0.30) and correlation slopes of left to right EV were 1.17 (R2=0.75) for 2D and 1.05 (R2=0.50) for 3D. Quantifiable 'late gadolinium enhancement' infarct volume was seen only with the 3D cine and correlated to histology (R2=0.89). Left ejection fraction and MRI-measured infarct volume correlated (R2>0.3). CONCLUSIONS The 4D strategy, with contrast injection, was validated in mice for function and infarct quantification from a single scan with minimal slice planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Crowe
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, 10 Largo Rosanna Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Iris Friedli
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Anne-Lise Hachulla
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Vincent Braunersreuther
- Division of Pathology, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Geneva, 64 avenue de la Roseraie, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Paul Vallée
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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12
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Moe AAK, Scott JG, Burne TH, Eyles DW. Neural changes induced by antipsychotic administration in adolescence: A review of studies in laboratory rodents. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:771-94. [PMID: 27413140 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116654776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by major remodelling processes in the brain. Use of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) in adolescents has increased dramatically in the last 20 years; however, our understanding of the neurobiological consequences of APD treatment on the adolescent brain has not kept the same pace and significant concerns have been raised. In this review, we examined currently available preclinical studies of the effects of APDs on the adolescent brain. In animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders, adolescent APD treatment appears to be protective against selected structural, behavioural and neurochemical phenotypes. In "neurodevelopmentally normal" adolescent animals, a range of short- and long-term alterations in behaviour and neurochemistry have been reported. In particular, the adolescent brain appears to be sensitive to long-term locomotor/reward effects of chronic atypical APDs in contrast with the outcomes in adults. Long-lasting changes in dopaminergic, glutamatergic and gamma-amino butyric acid-ergic systems induced by adolescent APD administration have been observed in the nucleus accumbens. A detailed examination of other potential target regions such as striatum, prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area is still required. Through identification of specific neural pathways targeted by adolescent APD treatment, future studies will expand the current knowledge on long-term neural outcomes which are of translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia Metro North Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Hj Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
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13
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Zheng L, Cleppien D, Gass N, Falfan-Melgoza C, Vollmayr B, Hesser J, Weber-Fahr W, Sartorius A. Influence of regional cerebral blood volume on voxel-based morphometry. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:787-795. [PMID: 27074152 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of structural brain alterations is one focus in research of brain diseases like depression. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) based on high-resolution 3D MRI images is a widely used non-invasive tool for such investigations. However, the result of VBM might be sensitive to local physiological parameters such as regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) changes. In order to investigate whether rCBV changes may contribute to variation in VBM, we performed analyses in a study with the congenital learned helplessness (cLH) model for long-term findings. The 3D structural and rCBV data were acquired with T2 -weighted rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) pulse sequences. The group effects were determined by standard statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and biological parametric mapping (BPM) and examined further using atlas-based regions. In our genetic animal model of depression, we found co-occurrence of differences in gray matter volume and rCBV, while there was no evidence of significant interaction between both. However, the multimodal analysis showed similar gray matter differences compared with the standard VBM approach. Our data corroborate the idea that two group VBM differences might not be influenced by rCBV differences in genetically different strains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Dirk Cleppien
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Natalia Gass
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Claudia Falfan-Melgoza
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Barbara Vollmayr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hesser
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weber-Fahr
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Alexander Sartorius
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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14
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Rane S, Talati P, Donahue MJ, Heckers S. Inflow-vascular space occupancy (iVASO) reproducibility in the hippocampus and cortex at different blood water nulling times. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:2379-87. [PMID: 26192478 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflow-vascular space occupancy (iVASO) measures arterial cerebral blood volume (aCBV) using accurate blood water nulling (inversion time [TI]) when arterial blood reaches the capillary, i.e., at the arterial arrival time. This work assessed the reproducibility of iVASO measurements in the hippocampus and cortex at multiple TIs. METHODS The iVASO approach was implemented at multiple TIs in 10 healthy volunteers at 3 Tesla. aCBV values were measured at each TI in the left and right hippocampus, and the cortex. Reproducibility of aCBV measurements within scans (same day) and across sessions (different days) was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Overall hippocampal aCBV was significantly higher than cortical aCBV, likely due to higher gray matter volume. Hippocampal ICC values were high at short TIs (≤914 ms; intrascan values = 0.80-0.96, interscan values = 0.61-0.91). Cortically, high ICC values were observed at intermediate TIs of 914 (intra: 0.93, inter: 0.87) and 1034 ms (intra: 0.96, inter: 0.86). The ICC values were comparable to established contrast-based CBV measures. CONCLUSION iVASO measurements are reproducible within and across sessions. TIs for iVASO measurements should be chosen carefully, taking into account heterogeneous arterial arrival times in different brain regions. Magn Reson Med 75:2379-2387, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Rane
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pratik Talati
- Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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15
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Wöhr M, Orduz D, Gregory P, Moreno H, Khan U, Vörckel KJ, Wolfer DP, Welzl H, Gall D, Schiffmann SN, Schwaller B. Lack of parvalbumin in mice leads to behavioral deficits relevant to all human autism core symptoms and related neural morphofunctional abnormalities. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e525. [PMID: 25756808 PMCID: PMC4354349 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene mutations and gene copy number variants are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Affected gene products are often part of signaling networks implicated in synapse formation and/or function leading to alterations in the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. Although the network of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons has gained particular attention in ASD, little is known on PV's putative role with respect to ASD. Genetic mouse models represent powerful translational tools for studying the role of genetic and neurobiological factors underlying ASD. Here, we report that PV knockout mice (PV(-/-)) display behavioral phenotypes with relevance to all three core symptoms present in human ASD patients: abnormal reciprocal social interactions, impairments in communication and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior. PV-depleted mice also showed several signs of ASD-associated comorbidities, such as reduced pain sensitivity and startle responses yet increased seizure susceptibility, whereas no evidence for behavioral phenotypes with relevance to anxiety, depression and schizophrenia was obtained. Reduced social interactions and communication were also observed in heterozygous (PV(+/-)) mice characterized by lower PV expression levels, indicating that merely a decrease in PV levels might be sufficient to elicit core ASD-like deficits. Structural magnetic resonance imaging measurements in PV(-/-) and PV(+/-) mice further revealed ASD-associated developmental neuroanatomical changes, including transient cortical hypertrophy and cerebellar hypoplasia. Electrophysiological experiments finally demonstrated that the E/I balance in these mice is altered by modification of both inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission. On the basis of the reported changes in PV expression patterns in several, mostly genetic rodent models of ASD, we propose that in these models downregulation of PV might represent one of the points of convergence, thus providing a common link between apparently unrelated ASD-associated synapse structure/function phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wöhr
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - D Orduz
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Gregory
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H Moreno
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, The Robert F Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - U Khan
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, The Robert F Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - K J Vörckel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - D P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, D-HEST, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Welzl
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Gall
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S N Schiffmann
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Schwaller
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, Fribourg CH 1700, Switzerland. E-mail:
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16
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Gass N, Cleppien D, Zheng L, Schwarz AJ, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Vollmayr B, Weber-Fahr W, Sartorius A. Functionally altered neurocircuits in a rat model of treatment-resistant depression show prominent role of the habenula. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:381-90. [PMID: 24370074 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a pressing clinical problem. Optimizing treatment requires better definition of the function and specificity of the brain circuits involved. To investigate disease-related alterations of brain function we used a genetic animal model of TRD, congenital learned helplessness (cLH), and functional magnetic resonance imaging as a translational tool. High-resolution regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and resting-state functional connectivity measurements were acquired at 9.4T to determine regional dysfunction and interactions that could serve as vulnerability markers for TRD. Effects of cLH on rCBV were determined by statistical parametric mapping using 35 atlas-based regions of interest. Effects of cLH on functional connectivity were assessed by seed region analyses. Significant bilateral rCBV reductions were observed in the lateral habenula, dentate gyrus and subiculum of cLH rats. In contrast, focal bilateral increase in rCBV was observed in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), a component of the habenular neurocircuitry. Functional connectivity was primarily enhanced in cLH rats, most notably with respect to serotonergic projections from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the forebrain, within the hippocampal-prefrontal network and between the BNST and lateral frontal regions. Dysregulation of neurocircuitry similar to that observed in depressed patients was detected in cLH rats, supporting the validity of the TRD model and suitability of high-field fMRI as a translational technology to detect and monitor vulnerability markers. Our findings also define neurocircuits that can be studied for TRD treatment in patients, and could be employed for translational research in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gass
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Cleppien
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lei Zheng
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Experimental Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adam James Schwarz
- Tailored Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Vollmayr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weber-Fahr
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Sartorius
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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17
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Khan UA, Liu L, Provenzano FA, Berman DE, Profaci CP, Sloan R, Mayeux R, Duff KE, Small SA. Molecular drivers and cortical spread of lateral entorhinal cortex dysfunction in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:304-11. [PMID: 24362760 PMCID: PMC4044925 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex has been implicated in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by changes in the tau protein and in the cleaved fragments of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). We used a high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) variant that can map metabolic defects in patients and mouse models to address basic questions about entorhinal cortex pathophysiology. The entorhinal cortex is divided into functionally distinct regions, the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), and we exploited the high-resolution capabilities of the fMRI variant to ask whether either of them was affected in patients with preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Next, we imaged three mouse models of disease to clarify how tau and APP relate to entorhinal cortex dysfunction and to determine whether the entorhinal cortex can act as a source of dysfunction observed in other cortical areas. We found that the LEC was affected in preclinical disease, that LEC dysfunction could spread to the parietal cortex during preclinical disease and that APP expression potentiated tau toxicity in driving LEC dysfunction, thereby helping to explain regional vulnerability in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman A Khan
- 1] Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. [3] Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Li Liu
- 1] Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frank A Provenzano
- 1] Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diego E Berman
- 1] Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caterina P Profaci
- 1] Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard Sloan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- 1] Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen E Duff
- 1] Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Small
- 1] Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. [3] Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Pavlopoulos E, Jones S, Kosmidis S, Close M, Kim C, Kovalerchik O, Small SA, Kandel ER. Molecular mechanism for age-related memory loss: the histone-binding protein RbAp48. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:200ra115. [PMID: 23986399 PMCID: PMC4940031 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To distinguish age-related memory loss more explicitly from Alzheimer's disease (AD), we have explored its molecular underpinning in the dentate gyrus (DG), a subregion of the hippocampal formation thought to be targeted by aging. We carried out a gene expression study in human postmortem tissue harvested from both DG and entorhinal cortex (EC), a neighboring subregion unaffected by aging and known to be the site of onset of AD. Using expression in the EC for normalization, we identified 17 genes that manifested reliable age-related changes in the DG. The most significant change was an age-related decline in RbAp48, a histone-binding protein that modifies histone acetylation. To test whether the RbAp48 decline could be responsible for age-related memory loss, we turned to mice and found that, consistent with humans, RbAp48 was less abundant in the DG of old than in young mice. We next generated a transgenic mouse that expressed a dominant-negative inhibitor of RbAp48 in the adult forebrain. Inhibition of RbAp48 in young mice caused hippocampus-dependent memory deficits similar to those associated with aging, as measured by novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies showed that within the hippocampal formation, dysfunction was selectively observed in the DG, and this corresponded to a regionally selective decrease in histone acetylation. Up-regulation of RbAp48 in the DG of aged wild-type mice ameliorated age-related hippocampus-based memory loss and age-related abnormalities in histone acetylation. Together, these findings show that the DG is a hippocampal subregion targeted by aging, and identify molecular mechanisms of cognitive aging that could serve as valid targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Pavlopoulos
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sidonie Jones
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stylianos Kosmidis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maggie Close
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carla Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Olga Kovalerchik
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Scott A. Small
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric R. Kandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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19
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Imaging patients with psychosis and a mouse model establishes a spreading pattern of hippocampal dysfunction and implicates glutamate as a driver. Neuron 2013; 78:81-93. [PMID: 23583108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
VIDEO ABSTRACT The hippocampus in schizophrenia is characterized by both hypermetabolism and reduced size. It remains unknown whether these abnormalities are mechanistically linked. Here we addressed this question by using MRI tools that can map hippocampal metabolism and structure in patients and mouse models. In at-risk patients, hypermetabolism was found to begin in CA1 and spread to the subiculum after psychosis onset. CA1 hypermetabolism at baseline predicted hippocampal atrophy, which occurred during progression to psychosis, most prominently in similar regions. Next, we used ketamine to model conditions of acute psychosis in mice. Acute ketamine reproduced a similar regional pattern of hypermetabolism, while repeated exposure shifted the hippocampus to a hypermetabolic basal state with concurrent atrophy and pathology in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Parallel in vivo experiments using the glutamate-reducing drug LY379268 and direct measurements of extracellular glutamate showed that glutamate drives both neuroimaging abnormalities. These findings show that hippocampal hypermetabolism leads to atrophy in psychotic disorder and suggest glutamate as a pathogenic driver.
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Lewandowski NM, Bordelon Y, Brickman AM, Angulo S, Khan U, Muraskin J, Griffith EY, Wasserman P, Menalled L, Vonsattel JP, Marder K, Small SA, Moreno H. Regional vulnerability in Huntington's disease: fMRI-guided molecular analysis in patients and a mouse model of disease. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 52:84-93. [PMID: 23220414 PMCID: PMC4435974 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the huntingtin gene is expressed in brain throughout life, phenotypically Huntington's disease (HD) begins only in midlife and affects specific brain regions. Here, to investigate regional vulnerability in the disease, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to translationally link studies in patients with a mouse model of disease. Using fMRI, we mapped cerebral blood volume (CBV) in three groups: HD patients, symptom-free carriers of the huntingtin genetic mutation, and age-matched controls. In contrast to a region in the anterior caudate, in which dysfunction was linked to genotype independent of phenotype, a region in the posterior body of the caudate was differentially associated with disease phenotype. Guided by these observations, we harvested regions from the anterior and posterior body of the caudate in postmortem control and HD human brain tissue. Gene-expression profiling identified two molecules whose expression levels were most strongly correlated with regional vulnerability - protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 7 (PPP1R7) and Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1). To verify and potentially extend these findings, we turned to the YAC128 (C57BL/6J) HD transgenic mice. By fMRI we longitudinally mapped CBV in transgenic and wildtype (WT) mice, and over time, abnormally low fMRI signal emerged selectively in the dorsal striatum. A relatively unaffected brain region, primary somatosensory cortex (S1), was used as a control. Both dorsal striatum and S1 were harvested from transgenic and WT mice and molecular analysis confirmed that PPP1R7 deficiency was strongly correlated with the phenotype. Together, converging findings in human HD patients and this HD mouse model suggest a functional pattern of caudate vulnerability and that variation in expression levels of herein identified molecules correlate with this pattern of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvette Bordelon
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Department of Neuropsychology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY 10032
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY 10032
| | - Sergio Angulo
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Departments of Neurology
- Physiology/Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203
| | - Usman Khan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Physiology/Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203
| | - Jordan Muraskin
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY 10032
| | - Erica Y. Griffith
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Department of Neuropsychology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY 10032
| | - Paula Wasserman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
| | | | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY 10032
| | - Karen Marder
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY 10032
| | - Scott A. Small
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY 10032
| | - Herman Moreno
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY 10032
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Departments of Neurology
- Physiology/Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203
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R6/2 Huntington's disease mice develop early and progressive abnormal brain metabolism and seizures. J Neurosci 2012; 32:6456-67. [PMID: 22573668 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0388-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark feature of Huntington's disease pathology is the atrophy of brain regions including, but not limited to, the striatum. Though MRI studies have identified structural CNS changes in several Huntington's disease (HD) mouse models, the functional consequences of HD pathology during the progression of the disease have yet to be investigated using in vivo functional MRI (fMRI). To address this issue, we first established the structural and functional MRI phenotype of juvenile HD mouse model R6/2 at early and advanced stages of disease. Significantly higher fMRI signals [relative cerebral blood volumes (rCBVs)] and atrophy were observed in both age groups in specific brain regions. Next, fMRI results were correlated with electrophysiological analysis, which showed abnormal increases in neuronal activity in affected brain regions, thus identifying a mechanism accounting for the abnormal fMRI findings. [(14)C] 2-deoxyglucose maps to investigate patterns of glucose utilization were also generated. An interesting mismatch between increases in rCBV and decreases in glucose uptake was observed. Finally, we evaluated the sensitivity of this mouse line to audiogenic seizures early in the disease course. We found that R6/2 mice had an increased susceptibility to develop seizures. Together, these findings identified seizure activity in R6/2 mice and show that neuroimaging measures sensitive to oxygen metabolism can be used as in vivo biomarkers, preceding the onset of an overt behavioral phenotype. Since fMRI-rCBV can also be obtained in patients, we propose that it may serve as a translational tool to evaluate therapeutic responses in humans and HD mouse models.
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Perles-Barbacaru AT, Berger F, Lahrech H. Quantitative rapid steady state T1 magnetic resonance imaging for cerebral blood volume mapping in mice: Lengthened measurement time window with intraperitoneal Gd-DOTA injection. Magn Reson Med 2012; 69:1451-6. [PMID: 22760854 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates how the rapid steady state T1 MRI technique for cerebral blood volume fraction (BVf) quantification can be used with intraperitoneal Gd-DOTA injections in mice at 4.7 T. The peak signal amplitude after intravenous administration (0.7 mmol/kg) and the steady state signal amplitude reached 15 min after intraperitoneal administration (6 mmol/kg) in the same mice lead to equivalent BVf measures in the order of 0.02 in the brain. The resulting time window for BVf quantification is ≈30 min and allows for cerebral BVf mapping with increased spatial resolution or signal-to-noise ratio, or for monitoring functional BVf changes. A cerebral BVf increase of up to 25% induced by the vasodilator acetazolamide was observed, validating the vascular origin of the signal. The noninvasive and quantitative rapid steady state T1 technique can be used in serial studies to evaluate new drugs or disease models, such as antiangiogenic therapies in tumors.
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In vivo characterization of changing blood-tumor barrier permeability in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis: a complementary magnetic resonance imaging approach. Invest Radiol 2012; 46:718-25. [PMID: 21788908 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e318226c427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current lack of efficacy for any chemo- or molecular therapeutic in the treatment of brain metastases is thought to be due, in part, to the heterogeneous permeability of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Little is known about how heterogeneous permeability develops, or how it varies among individual metastases. Understanding the BBB's role in metastasis will be crucial to the development of new, more effective therapies. In this article, we developed the first magnetic resonance imaging-based strategy to detect and measure the volumes of BBB permeable and nonpermeable metastases and studied the development of altered BBB permeability in metastases in vivo, over time in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis to the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals bearing human experimental brain metastases of breast cancer (231-BR cells) were imaged, using 3-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession to visualize total metastases, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin echo with gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA) to visualize which of these displayed contrast enhancement, as Gd-DTPA leakage is indicative of altered BBB permeability. RESULTS Metastases detected 20 days after injection showed no Gd-DTPA enhancement. At day 25, 6.1% ± 6.3% (mean ± standard deviation) of metastases enhanced, and by day 30, 28.1% ± 14.2% enhanced (P < 0.05). Enhancing metastases (mid: 0.14 ± 0.18 mm, late: 0.24 ± 0.32 mm) had larger volumes than nonenhancing (mid: 0.04 ± 0.04 mm, late: 0.09 ± 0.09 mm, P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between the growth rates of the 2. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of brain metastases were uniformly nonpermeable, which highlights the need for developing treatment strategies that can overcome the permeability of the BBB. The model developed herein can provide the basis for in vivo evaluation of both BBB permeable and nonpermeable metastases response to therapy.
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Flexman ML, Vlachos F, Kim HK, Sirsi SR, Huang J, Hernandez SL, Johung TB, Gander JW, Reichstein AR, Lampl BS, Wang A, Borden MA, Yamashiro DJ, Kandel JJ, Hielscher AH. Monitoring early tumor response to drug therapy with diffuse optical tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:016014. [PMID: 22352664 PMCID: PMC3380816 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.1.016014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although anti-angiogenic agents have shown promise as cancer therapeutics, their efficacy varies between tumor types and individual patients. Providing patient-specific metrics through rapid noninvasive imaging can help tailor drug treatment by optimizing dosages, timing of drug cycles, and duration of therapy-thereby reducing toxicity and cost and improving patient outcome. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a noninvasive three-dimensional imaging modality that has been shown to capture physiologic changes in tumors through visualization of oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin concentrations, using non-ionizing radiation with near-infrared light. We employed a small animal model to ascertain if tumor response to bevacizumab (BV), an anti-angiogenic agent that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), could be detected at early time points using DOT. We detected a significant decrease in total hemoglobin levels as soon as one day after BV treatment in responder xenograft tumors (SK-NEP-1), but not in SK-NEP-1 control tumors or in non-responder control or BV-treated NGP tumors. These results are confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxometry and lectin perfusion studies. Noninvasive DOT imaging may allow for earlier and more effective control of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L. Flexman
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
- Address all correspondence to: Andreas H. Hielscher, Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, 500 W. 120th Ave, New York, New York 10027. Tel: 212-854-5080; E-mail:
| | - Fotios Vlachos
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
| | - Hyun Keol Kim
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
| | - Shashank R. Sirsi
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Chemical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
| | - Sonia L. Hernandez
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, New York, New York 10032
| | - Tessa B. Johung
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
| | - Jeffrey W. Gander
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
| | - Ari R. Reichstein
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
| | - Brooke S. Lampl
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Radiology, New York, New York 10032
| | - Antai Wang
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032
| | - Mark A. Borden
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Chemical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Darrell J. Yamashiro
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, New York, New York 10032
| | - Jessica J. Kandel
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
| | - Andreas H. Hielscher
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Radiology, New York, New York 10032
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Electrical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
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A pathophysiological framework of hippocampal dysfunction in ageing and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 12:585-601. [PMID: 21897434 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation has been implicated in a growing number of disorders, from Alzheimer's disease and cognitive ageing to schizophrenia and depression. How can the hippocampal formation, a complex circuit that spans the temporal lobes, be involved in a range of such phenotypically diverse and mechanistically distinct disorders? Recent neuroimaging findings indicate that these disorders differentially target distinct subregions of the hippocampal circuit. In addition, some disorders are associated with hippocampal hypometabolism, whereas others show evidence of hypermetabolism. Interpreted in the context of the functional and molecular organization of the hippocampal circuit, these observations give rise to a unified pathophysiological framework of hippocampal dysfunction.
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Schobel SA, Lewandowski NM, Corcoran CM, Moore H, Brown T, Malaspina D, Small SA. Differential targeting of the CA1 subfield of the hippocampal formation by schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:938-46. [PMID: 19736350 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Because schizophrenia and related disorders have a chronic time course and subtle histopathology, it is difficult to identify which brain regions are differentially targeted. OBJECTIVE To identify brain sites differentially targeted by schizophrenia, we applied a high-resolution variant of functional magnetic resonance imaging to clinically characterized patients and matched healthy controls and to a cohort of prodromal subjects who were prospectively followed up. Additionally, to explore the potential confound of medication use, the fMRI variant was applied to rodents receiving an antipsychotic agent. DESIGN Cross-sectional and prospective cohort designs. SETTING Hospital clinic and magnetic resonance imaging laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen patients with schizophrenia, 18 controls comparable in age and sex, and 18 prodromal patients followed up prospectively for 2 years. Ten C57-B mice received an antipsychotic agent or vehicle control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Regional cerebral blood volume (CBV), as measured with magnetic resonance imaging, and symptom severity, as measured with clinical rating scales. RESULTS In a first between-group analysis that compared patients with schizophrenia with controls, results revealed abnormal CBV increases in the CA1 subfield and the orbitofrontal cortex and abnormal CBV decreases in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In a second longitudinal analysis, baseline CBV abnormalities in the CA1 subfield differentially predicted clinical progression to psychosis from a prodromal state. In a third correlational analysis, CBV levels in the CA1 subfield differentially correlated with clinical symptoms of psychosis. Finally, additional analyses of the human data set and imaging studies in mice suggested that antipsychotic agents were not confounding the primary findings. CONCLUSIONS Taken as a whole, the results suggest that the CA1 subfield of the hippocampal subregion is differentially targeted by schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Interpreted in the context of previous studies, these findings inform underlying mechanisms of illness progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Schobel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Lin CY, Chang C, Cheung WM, Lin MH, Chen JJ, Hsu CY, Chen JH, Lin TN. Dynamic changes in vascular permeability, cerebral blood volume, vascular density, and size after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats: evaluation with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2008; 28:1491-501. [PMID: 18478021 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Postischemic cerebral blood flow and blood volume changes have been associated with angiogenesis; nevertheless, the spatiotemporal changes in vascular permeability, vascular density, and vessel size have not been investigated. Here we report a prolonged increase in vascular permeability from day 3 to day 21 after ischemia, in particular in the reperfused outer cortical layers and leptomeninges. Increased cerebral blood volume (CBV) was observed from day 3 to day 14, whereas increased blood volume in small vessels, primarily capillaries, was noticed from day 7 to day 14 in the reperfused cortex. An initial decrease in vascular density and a reciprocal increase in vessel size were observed within the reperfused cortex at days 1 and 3 after ischemia. Immunohistological analysis confirmed a similar decrease in microvessel density and an increase in vessel size in vessels with a diameter greater than 30 microm. These large-sized vessels exhibited intense basic fibroblast growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity, suggesting the growth of collateral vessels. By contrast, a late increase in vascular density was noticed in the reperfused outer cortex at days 14 and 21 after ischemia. Together, these findings suggest that the early phase of CBV increase is likely because of the improvement in collateral circulation, whereas the late phase of CBV increase is attributed to the surge of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Lin
- Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Choi JJ, Wang S, Brown TR, Small SA, Duff KEK, Konofagou EE. Noninvasive and transient blood-brain barrier opening in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's double transgenic mice using focused ultrasound. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2008; 30:189-200. [PMID: 19149463 PMCID: PMC3919133 DOI: 10.1177/016173460803000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal nature of focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening as a brain drug delivery method was investigated in Alzheimer's disease model mice. The left hippocampus of transgenic (APP/PS1, n = 3) and nontransgenic (n = 3) mice was sonicated (frequency: 1.525 MHz, peak-negative pressure: 600 kPa, pulse length: 20 ms, duty cycle: 20%, duration: 1 min) in vivo, through their intact skin and skull, after intravenous injection of microbubbles (SonoVue; 25 microl). Sequential, high-field MR images (9.4 Tesla) were acquired before and after injection of gadolinium (Omniscan, 0.75 ml, molecular weight: 573.7 Da) on two separate days for each mouse. Gadolinium deposits through the ultrasound-induced BBB opening in the left hippocampus revealed significant contrast-enhancement in the MRI. On the following day, MRI revealed significant BBB closure within the same region. However, the BBB opening extent and BBB closing timeline varied in different regions within the same sonicated location. This indicates that opening and closing were dependent on the brain region targeted. No significant difference in BBB opening or closing behaviors was observed between the APP/PS1 and the nontransgenic mice. In conclusion, a BBB-impermeable molecule was noninvasively, transiently and reproducibly delivered to the hippocampus of Alzheimer's APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Choi
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Choi JJ, Pernot M, Brown TR, Small SA, Konofagou EE. Spatio-temporal analysis of molecular delivery through the blood-brain barrier using focused ultrasound. Phys Med Biol 2007; 52:5509-30. [PMID: 17804879 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/52/18/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of gadolinium through ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) openings in the murine hippocampus was investigated. First, wave propagation simulations through the intact mouse skull revealed minimal beam distortion while thermal deposition simulations, at the same sonication parameters used to induce BBB opening in vivo, revealed temperature increases lower than 0.5 degrees C. The simulation results were validated experimentally in ex vivo skulls (m = 6) and in vitro tissue specimens. Then, in vivo mice (n = 9) were injected with microbubbles (Optison; 25-50 microl) and sonicated (frequency: 1.525 MHz, pressure amplitudes: 0.5-1.1 MPa, burst duration: 20 ms, duty cycle: 20%, durations: 2-4 shots, 30 s per shot, 30 s interval) at the left hippocampus, through intact skin and skull. Sequential, high-resolution, T1-weighted MRI (9.4 Tesla, in-plane resolution: 75 microm, scan time: 45-180 min) with gadolinium (Omniscan; 0.5 ml) injected intraperitoneally revealed a threshold of the BBB opening at 0.67 MPa and BBB closing within 28 h from opening. The contrast-enhancement area and gadolinium deposition path were monitored over time and the influence of vessel density, size and location was determined. Sonicated arteries, or their immediate surroundings, depicted greater contrast enhancement than sonicated homogeneous brain tissue regions. In conclusion, gadolinium was delivered through a transiently opened BBB and contained to a specific brain region (i.e., the hippocampus) using a single-element focused ultrasound transducer. It was also found that the amount of gadolinium deposited in the hippocampal region increased with the acoustic pressure and that the spatial distribution of the BBB opening was determined not only by the ultrasound beam, but also by the vasculature of the targeted brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Pereira AC, Huddleston DE, Brickman AM, Sosunov AA, Hen R, McKhann GM, Sloan R, Gage FH, Brown TR, Small SA. An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:5638-43. [PMID: 17374720 PMCID: PMC1838482 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611721104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 871] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With continued debate over the functional significance of adult neurogenesis, identifying an in vivo correlate of neurogenesis has become an important goal. Here we rely on the coupling between neurogenesis and angiogenesis and test whether MRI measurements of cerebral blood volume (CBV) provide an imaging correlate of neurogenesis. First, we used an MRI approach to generate CBV maps over time in the hippocampal formation of exercising mice. Among all hippocampal subregions, exercise was found to have a primary effect on dentate gyrus CBV, the only subregion that supports adult neurogenesis. Moreover, exercise-induced increases in dentate gyrus CBV were found to correlate with postmortem measurements of neurogenesis. Second, using similar MRI technologies, we generated CBV maps over time in the hippocampal formation of exercising humans. As in mice, exercise was found to have a primary effect on dentate gyrus CBV, and the CBV changes were found to selectively correlate with cardiopulmonary and cognitive function. Taken together, these findings show that dentate gyrus CBV provides an imaging correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis and that exercise differentially targets the dentate gyrus, a hippocampal subregion important for memory and implicated in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Pereira
- *The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Departments of Neurology
| | - Dan E. Huddleston
- *The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Departments of Neurology
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- *The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Departments of Neurology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Truman R. Brown
- Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Scott A. Small
- *The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
- Departments of Neurology
- **To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Choi JJ, Pernot M, Small SA, Konofagou EE. Noninvasive, transcranial and localized opening of the blood-brain barrier using focused ultrasound in mice. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2007; 33:95-104. [PMID: 17189051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening in the hippocampus of wild-type mice using focused ultrasound (FUS) through the intact skull and skin was investigated. Needle hydrophone measurements through ex vivo skulls revealed minimal attenuation ( approximately 18% of the pressure amplitude), a well-focused beam pattern and minute focus displacement through the parietal bone. In experiments in vivo, the brains of three mice were sonicated transcranially. Pulsed ultrasound sonications at 1.5 MHz and acoustic pressures ranging from 0.8 to 2.7 MPa were used at 20% duty cycle. Before sonication, a bolus of 10 microL of an ultrasound contrast agents (Optison) was injected intravenously. Contrast-enhanced high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (9.4 T) revealed BBB opening and allowed for the monitoring of the slow permeation of gadolinium in the hippocampus. The region of the brain where BBB opening occurred increased with the pressure amplitude. These findings thus demonstrated the feasibility of locally opening the BBB in mice using FUS through intact skull and skin and serve as the first step in determining and assessing feasibility of drug delivery to specific regions in the mouse brain using FUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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