|
1
|
Muraki R, Morita Y, Ida S, Kitajima R, Furuhashi S, Takeda M, Kikuchi H, Hiramatsu Y, Takanashi Y, Hamaya Y, Sugimoto K, Ito J, Kawata K, Kawasaki H, Sato T, Kahyo T, Setou M, Takeuchi H. Phosphatidylcholine in bile-derived small extracellular vesicles as a novel biomarker of cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37096775 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the lack of definite diagnostic modalities, it is challenging to distinguish malignant cases of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which often causes biliary tract obstruction, from benign ones. Here, we investigated a novel lipid biomarker of CCA in bile-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and developed a simple detection method for clinical application. METHODS Bile samples from seven patients with malignant diseases (hilar CCA = 4, distal CCA = 3) and eight patients with benign diseases (gallstones = 6, primary sclerosing cholangitis = 1, autoimmune pancreatitis = 1) were collected through a nasal biliary drainage tube. sEVs were isolated via serial ultracentrifugation and characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblotting (with CD9, CD63, CD81, and TSG101). Comprehensive lipidomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Using a measurement kit, we further confirmed whether lipid concentrations could be used as a potential CCA marker. RESULTS Lipidomic analysis of bile sEVs in the two groups identified 209 significantly increased lipid species in the malignant group. When focusing on lipid class, phosphatidylcholine (PC) level was 4.98-fold higher in the malignant group than in the benign group (P = 0.037). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed a sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 100%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.643-1.000). Using a PC assay kit, the ROC curve showed a cutoff value of 16.1 μg/mL, a sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 100%, and an AUC of 0.839 (95% CI: 0.620-1.000). CONCLUSION PC level in sEVs from human bile is a potential diagnostic marker for CCA and can be assessed by a commercially available assay kit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Muraki
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morita
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinya Ida
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitajima
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoru Furuhashi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kikuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hiramatsu
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Perioperative Functioning Care & Support, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takanashi
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hamaya
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Jun Ito
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Institute for NanoSuit Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Urman JM, Herranz JM, Uriarte I, Rullán M, Oyón D, González B, Fernandez-Urién I, Carrascosa J, Bolado F, Zabalza L, Arechederra M, Alvarez-Sola G, Colyn L, Latasa MU, Puchades-Carrasco L, Pineda-Lucena A, Iraburu MJ, Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta M, Alonso C, Sangro B, Purroy A, Gil I, Carmona L, Cubero FJ, Martínez-Chantar ML, Banales JM, Romero MR, Macias RI, Monte MJ, Marín JJG, Vila JJ, Corrales FJ, Berasain C, Fernández-Barrena MG, Avila MA. Pilot Multi-Omic Analysis of Human Bile from Benign and Malignant Biliary Strictures: A Machine-Learning Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061644. [PMID: 32575903 PMCID: PMC7352944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may lead to the development of extrahepatic obstructive cholestasis. However, biliary stenoses can also be caused by benign conditions, and the identification of their etiology still remains a clinical challenge. We performed metabolomic and proteomic analyses of bile from patients with benign (n = 36) and malignant conditions, CCA (n = 36) or PDAC (n = 57), undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with the aim of characterizing bile composition in biliopancreatic disease and identifying biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of biliary strictures. Comprehensive analyses of lipids, bile acids and small molecules were carried out using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) in all patients. MS analysis of bile proteome was performed in five patients per group. We implemented artificial intelligence tools for the selection of biomarkers and algorithms with predictive capacity. Our machine-learning pipeline included the generation of synthetic data with properties of real data, the selection of potential biomarkers (metabolites or proteins) and their analysis with neural networks (NN). Selected biomarkers were then validated with real data. We identified panels of lipids (n = 10) and proteins (n = 5) that when analyzed with NN algorithms discriminated between patients with and without cancer with an unprecedented accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. Urman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Navarra University Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.U.); (M.R.); (D.O.); (B.G.); (I.F.-U.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (L.Z.); (J.J.V.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
| | - José M. Herranz
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.)
| | - Iker Uriarte
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.)
| | - María Rullán
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Navarra University Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.U.); (M.R.); (D.O.); (B.G.); (I.F.-U.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (L.Z.); (J.J.V.)
| | - Daniel Oyón
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Navarra University Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.U.); (M.R.); (D.O.); (B.G.); (I.F.-U.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (L.Z.); (J.J.V.)
| | - Belén González
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Navarra University Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.U.); (M.R.); (D.O.); (B.G.); (I.F.-U.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (L.Z.); (J.J.V.)
| | - Ignacio Fernandez-Urién
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Navarra University Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.U.); (M.R.); (D.O.); (B.G.); (I.F.-U.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (L.Z.); (J.J.V.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
| | - Juan Carrascosa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Navarra University Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.U.); (M.R.); (D.O.); (B.G.); (I.F.-U.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (L.Z.); (J.J.V.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
| | - Federico Bolado
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Navarra University Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.U.); (M.R.); (D.O.); (B.G.); (I.F.-U.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (L.Z.); (J.J.V.)
| | - Lucía Zabalza
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Navarra University Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.U.); (M.R.); (D.O.); (B.G.); (I.F.-U.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (L.Z.); (J.J.V.)
| | - María Arechederra
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.)
| | - Gloria Alvarez-Sola
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.)
| | - Leticia Colyn
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.)
| | - María U. Latasa
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.)
| | - Leonor Puchades-Carrasco
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Program of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - María J. Iraburu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences; University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | | | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.I.-L.); (C.A.)
| | - Bruno Sangro
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Navarra Clinic, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Purroy
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- Navarrabiomed Biobank Unit, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isabel Gil
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- Navarrabiomed Biobank Unit, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lorena Carmona
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophtalmology & Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (Imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María L. Martínez-Chantar
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Banales
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marta R. Romero
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocio I.R. Macias
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J. Monte
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose J. G. Marín
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan J. Vila
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Navarra University Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.U.); (M.R.); (D.O.); (B.G.); (I.F.-U.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (L.Z.); (J.J.V.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
| | - Fernando J. Corrales
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen Berasain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.)
| | - Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.)
| | - Matías A. Avila
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.G.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.H.); (I.U.); (G.A.-S.); (M.L.M.-C.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.R.); (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (J.J.G.M.); (F.J.C.)
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-194700 (ext. 4003)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Bierwagen A, Begovatz P, Nowotny P, Markgraf D, Nowotny B, Koliaki C, Giani G, Klüppelholz B, Lundbom J, Roden M. Characterization of the peak at 2.06 ppm in (31) P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human liver: phosphoenolpyruvate or phosphatidylcholine? NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:898-905. [PMID: 26010913 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High field MR scanners can resolve a metabolite resonating at 2.06 ppm in the in vivo proton-decoupled liver (31) P MR spectrum. Traditionally this peak has been assigned to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the key metabolite for gluconeogenesis. However, recent evidence supported the assignment to biliary phosphatidylcholine (PtdCh), which is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. To elucidate the respective contributions of PtdCh and PEP to the in vivo resonance at 2.06 ppm (PEP-PtdCh), we made phantom measurements that confirmed that both biliary PtdCh and PEP resonate approximately at 2 ppm. The absolute quantification of PEP-PtdCh yielded concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 2.0 mmol/l, with mean coefficients of variation of 4.8% for intraday and 7.2% for interday reproducibility in healthy volunteers. The T1 relaxation time of PEP-PtdCh was 0.97 ± 0.30 s in the liver and 0.44 ± 0.11 s in the gallbladder. Ingestion of a mixed meal decreased the concentration of PtdCh-PEP by approximately 12%. In the retrospective analysis, PEP-PtdCh was 68% higher in the liver of subjects with gallbladder infiltration of the volume of interest (VOI) compared with those without gallbladder infiltration. PEP-PtdCh was also significantly higher in the liver of cholecystectomy patients compared with volunteers without gallbladder infiltration, which suggests increased intrahepatic bile fluid as a compensation for gall bladder removal. These results show that liver PtdCh is the major component of the resonance at 2.06 ppm and that careful VOI positioning is mandatory to avoid interference from the gallbladder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bierwagen
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul Begovatz
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chrysi Koliaki
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Giani
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Klüppelholz
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Chmelík M, Valkovič L, Wolf P, Bogner W, Gajdošík M, Halilbasic E, Gruber S, Trauner M, Krebs M, Trattnig S, Krššák M. Phosphatidylcholine contributes to in vivo (31)P MRS signal from the human liver. Eur Radiol 2015; 25:2059-66. [PMID: 25576233 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the overlap of the hepatic and bile phosphorus ((31)P) magnetic resonance (MR) spectra and provide evidence of phosphatidylcholine (PtdC) contribution to the in vivo hepatic (31)P MRS phosphodiester (PDE) signal, suggested in previous reports to be phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). METHODS Phantom measurements to assess the chemical shifts of PEP and PtdC signals were performed at 7 T. A retrospective analysis of hepatic 3D (31)P MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data from 18 and five volunteers at 3 T and 7 T, respectively, was performed. Axial images were inspected for the presence of gallbladder, and PDE signals in representative spectra were quantified. RESULTS Phantom experiments demonstrated the strong pH-dependence of the PEP chemical shift and proved the overlap of PtdC and PEP (~2 ppm relative to phosphocreatine) at hepatic pH. Gallbladder was covered in seven of 23 in vivo 3D-MRSI datasets. The PDE(gall)/γ-ATP(liver) ratio was 4.8-fold higher (p = 0.001) in the gallbladder (PDE(gall)/γ-ATP(liver) = 3.61 ± 0.79) than in the liver (PDE(liver)/γ-ATP(liver) = 0.75 ± 0.15). In vivo 7 T (31)P MRSI allowed good separation of PDE components. The gallbladder is a strong source of contamination in adjacent (31)P MR hepatic spectra due to biliary phosphatidylcholine. CONCLUSIONS In vivo (31)P MR hepatic signal at 2.06 ppm may represent both phosphatidylcholine and phosphoenolpyruvate, with a higher phosphatidylcholine contribution due to its higher concentration. KEY POINTS • In vivo (31)P MRS from the gallbladder shows a dominant biliary phosphatidylcholine signal at 2.06 ppm. • Intrahepatic (31)P MRS signal at 2.06 ppm may represent both intrahepatic phosphatidylcholine and phosphoenolpyruvate. • In vivo (31)P MRS has the potential to monitor hepatic phosphatidylcholine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Chmelík
- MR Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Bezabeh T, Ijare OB, Nikulin AE, Somorjai RL, Smith IC. MRS-based Metabolomics in Cancer Research. MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSIGHTS 2014; 7:1-14. [PMID: 25114549 PMCID: PMC4122556 DOI: 10.4137/mri.s13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a relatively new technique that is gaining importance very rapidly. MRS-based metabolomics, in particular, is becoming a useful tool in the study of body fluids, tissue biopsies and whole organisms. Advances in analytical techniques and data analysis methods have opened a new opportunity for such technology to contribute in the field of diagnostics. In the MRS approach to the diagnosis of disease, it is important that the analysis utilizes all the essential information in the spectra, is robust, and is non-subjective. Although some of the data analytic methods widely used in chemical and biological sciences are sketched, a more extensive discussion is given of a 5-stage Statistical Classification Strategy. This proposes powerful feature selection methods, based on, for example, genetic algorithms and novel projection techniques. The applications of MRS-based metabolomics in breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatobiliary cancers, gastric cancer, and brain cancer have been reviewed. While the majority of these applications relate to body fluids and tissue biopsies, some in vivo applications have also been included. It should be emphasized that the number of subjects studied must be sufficiently large to ensure a robust diagnostic classification. Before MRS-based metabolomics can become a widely used clinical tool, however, certain challenges need to be overcome. These include manufacturing user-friendly commercial instruments with all the essential features, and educating physicians and medical technologists in the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of metabolomics data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tedros Bezabeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ; Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ; Innovative Biodiagnostics Inc, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Omkar B Ijare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ; Innovative Biodiagnostics Inc, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - Ian Cp Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ; Departments of Anatomy and Human Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ; Innovative Biodiagnostics Inc, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
NMR spectroscopy for discovery and quantitation of biomarkers of disease in human bile. Bioanalysis 2012; 3:1877-90. [PMID: 21877897 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human liver synthesizes bile; bile, containing a large number of metabolites, is transported through the canaliculi and bile ducts, and stored in the gallbladder before entering into the intestine. In the intestine, a large number of bile metabolites are reabsorbed and sent back to the liver for recirculation. Owing to close association of the bile with the gastrointestinal system, the bile metabolic profile is highly sensitive to the onset of numerous gastrointestinal disease processes. A growing number of studies suggest that hepatobiliary disease biomarkers are richly populated in human bile. These studies stress the potential of profiling the human bile metabolome for early diagnostics as well as deeper insights into gastrointestinal disease processes. Once the biomarkers are established reliably using human bile, they can be targeted in easily accessible fluids such as blood and urine or targeted in bile itself using noninvasive methods such as in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful bioanalytical tools, which promises profiling of human bile metabolome and exploring early biomarkers for hepatobiliary diseases. Comprehensive analysis of human bile using NMR spectroscopy has lead to identification and quantification of major bile metabolites. This review describes the discovery and quantitation of biomarkers of hepatobiliary diseases in human bile using NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Bala L, Tripathi P, Choudhuri G, Khetrapal CL. Restoration of hepatocytes function following decompression therapy in extrahepatic biliary obstructed patients: Metabolite profiling of bile by NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
|
8
|
Toczyłowska B, Piotrowski M, Chalimoniuk M. 31P High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy in Analysis of Phosphate-containing Compounds of Bile. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0208-5216(11)70006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
|
9
|
Gowda GAN. Human bile as a rich source of biomarkers for hepatopancreatobiliary cancers. Biomark Med 2010; 4:299-314. [PMID: 20406071 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.10.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of biofluids is emerging as an important area with a promising number of applications in clinical medicine, including early diagnosis of numerous diseases that normally remain silent until late in the progress of disease. While blood and urine are more often used to explore biomarkers that distinguish he healthy from disease conditions, human bile is emerging as a rich source of biomarkers specifically for the cancers of the liver (hepatocellular carcinoma), bile ducts (cholangiocarcinoma), gallbladder and pancreas. This is owing to the fact that metabolites linked to the pathways of tumor cell metabolism are rich in bile by virtue of its association or proximity to the pathological source. Recent methodological developments have enabled the identification of a number of bile metabolites that have links with hepatopancreatobiliary diseases. Investigations of human bile are also considered to help the biomarker discovery process in vitro and provide avenues for translational research in detecting and following dynamic variations of biomarkers in clinical settings using noninvasive approaches, such as in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This article reviews the current status and potential applications of human bile as a source of biomarkers, with emphasis on metabolites, for early detection of cancers associated with the hepatopancreatobiliary system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Nagana Gowda
- Analytical Division, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Gowda GAN, Ijare OB, Shanaiah N, Bezabeh T. Combining nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in biomarker discovery. Biomark Med 2009; 3:307-22. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.09.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of biological specimens is emerging as a promising approach for discovering specific biomarkers in the diagnosis of a number of diseases. Amongst many analytical techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are the most information-rich tools that enable high-throughput and global analysis of hundreds of metabolites in a single step. Although only one of the two techniques is utilized in a majority of metabolomics applications, there is a growing interest in combining the data from the two methods to effectively unravel the mammoth complexity of biological samples. In this article, current developments in nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis methods are described. While some general applications that utilize the combination of the two analytical methods are presented briefly, the emphasis is laid on the recent applications of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry methods in the studies of hepatopancreatobiliary and gastrointestinal malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GA Nagana Gowda
- Analytical Division, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Omkar B Ijare
- NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Tedros Bezabeh
- NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|