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Gürçayir D, Karabulut N. Effects of Footbath on Pain, Anxiety, Sleep, and Comfort Levels in Patients With Postlaparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2024; 34:452-458. [PMID: 38963278 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to determine the effect of of hot footbaths on the pain, anxiety, sleep, and comfort levels of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN The study is a randomized controlled designed. METHODS This study was conducted in surgery clinic of a university hospital between January 2022 and November 2022. The research was completed with 54 patients in the experimental group and 54 patients in the control group. FINDINGS The mean state anxiety score and VAS-Sleep score of the patients in the experimental group 120 minutes after the application was 31.07±4.70 and 612.62±82.37, respectively, which was statistically significantly lower than that of the patients in the control group ( P <0.05). On the other hand, at the 120th minutes after the application, the mean VAS-Comfort scores of the patients in the experimental group were statistically significantly higher than those of the patients in the control group ( P <0.05). A positive relationship was found between the mean VAS-Pain and VAS-Sleep scores of the patients in the experimental group, and a significant negative relationship was found between the mean VAS-Comfort and state anxiety scores. CONCLUSIONS Foot bath is effective in reducing the pain and anxiety levels of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery.
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Jiang CS, Chen KM, Belcastro F. Effects of Temperature, Duration, and Heating Height of Foot Thermal Therapy on Sleep Quality of Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:250-260. [PMID: 37855919 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sleep disturbances, which are common problems in older adults, often lead to cognitive decline and depression and may even increase mortality risk. Foot thermal therapy is a simple and safe approach for improving sleep and is associated with relatively few side effects. However, the effect of different operations of foot thermal therapy on sleep quality in older adults is inconclusive. This study aimed to access the effects of temperature, duration, and heating height of foot thermal therapy (administered through a footbath) on the subjective and objective sleep quality of older adults. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline, eight databases were searched for all relevant articles published up to July 2023, and a rigorous systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022383460). Inclusion criteria were: (1) participants with a mean age ≥60 years; (2) interventions that included foot thermal therapy; (3) a control group that received routine care but no thermal therapy; (4) outcome measurements that assessed sleep quality; and (5) the studies that utilized randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.4. Results: A total of 11 studies were included. Foot thermal therapy before bedtime improved subjective sleep quality in older adults, with optimal parameters of 40°C temperature (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33 to 0.99), ≤20-min duration (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.93), and 10 cm heating height (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.11). Subgroup analyses revealed that a temperature of 41°C-42°C can improve objective sleep latency (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.99). Conclusions: It is recommended to administer foot thermal therapy (40°C; ≤20 min; 10 cm above the ankle) to older adults 1 h before their bedtime. If they have trouble falling asleep, the temperature can be increased to 41°C-42°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Syuan Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Health Sciences and Management, Chia-Yi County, Taiwan
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Min Chen
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Long-Term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Frank Belcastro
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Dubuque, Dubuque, IA, USA
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Nasiri K, Shriniy M, Pashaki NJ, Aghamohammadi V, Saeidi S, Mirzaee M, Soodmand M, Najafi E. The effect of foot bath on sleep quality in the elderly: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:191. [PMID: 38408926 PMCID: PMC10898139 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Population aging is a problem that has affected most countries in the world. Poor-quality sleep is a common complaint among the elderly. Foot baths are a method of heat therapy and are performed as an independent nursing care in different departments. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of foot baths with spa on improving the sleep quality of the elderly. METHODS This research is a systematic review. We systematically searched six databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and the World Health Organization databases, to retrieve the related articles based on the keywords used in our search strategy from 2010 to March 2023. RESULT Finally, 10 articles were included in this study. All studies were randomized controlled trial (RCTs) and semi-experimental. In all 9 studies, the positive effects of the foot bath were reported. In 9 studies, the effect of foot baths with water above 40 degrees Celsius was reported. The PSQR questionnaire was used in most of the studies. CONCLUSION The total findings of this study showed that due to the high prevalence of sleep problems in the elderly, foot baths with warm water can be used as an easy, simple, and safe nursing intervention to improve sleep quality. Therefore, it can be used in nursing homes and hospitals. It is also a non-pharmacological and inexpensive nursing intervention that can be implemented by the elderly themselves after training by community health nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Nasiri
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shriniy
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nursing, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Nazila Javadi Pashaki
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | | | - Solmaz Saeidi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirzaee
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Soodmand
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Esmail Najafi
- Department of Public Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran.
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Moini Jazani A, Nasimi Doost Azgomi H, Nasimi Doost Azgomi A, Hossein Ayati M, Nasimi Doost Azgomi R. Efficacy of hydrotherapy, spa therapy, and balneotherapy on sleep quality: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:975-991. [PMID: 37145200 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to review and assess the results obtained from human studies on the effects of hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, and spa therapy on sleep disorders. In this study, databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Scopus, and sciences direct database were searched from the beginning to September 2022. All human studies that examined the effect of hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, and spa therapy on sleep disorders were published in the form of a full article in English. In the end, only 18 of the 189 articles met the criteria for analysis. Most studies have shown that balneotherapy, spa therapy, and hydrotherapy may by affecting some hormones such as histamine, serotonin, sympathetic nerves, and regulating body temperature led to increased quality and quantity of sleep. Also, the results obtained from Downs and Black show that 3 studies were rated as very good, 7 studies as good, 7 studies as fair, and 1 study as weak. The results of studies also showed that hydrotherapy leads to an improvement in the PSQI score index. Nevertheless, more clinical trials are needed to determine the mechanism of action of hydrotherapy on sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Moini Jazani
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Departman of Medical History, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Long J, Qin Q, Huang Y, Wang T, Jiang J, Gao Q, Chen Y. Study on nondrug intervention of 7 days of balneotherapy combined with various sleep-promoting measures on people with sleep disorders: preliminary and pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:457-464. [PMID: 36652003 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To preliminarily explore a nondrug intervention method and evaluate its effects (sleep quality, physical examination indicators, and general physical symptoms) on people with sleep disorders. The intervention was based on regular balneotherapy, coupled with targeted health education, appropriate exercise, diet management, and other sleep-promoting measures. It was the combined effects that we evaluated. We recruited 31 volunteers with sleep disorders to receive a 7-day sleep-promoting experience in Tianxing International Hot Spring City, Nanchuan District, Chongqing. The intervention adopted a plan that combined balneotherapy with various sleep-promoting measures. Persisting baths in hot springs 1-2 times per day targeted health lectures about 1 h every morning, appropriate exercise every day (sleep-aid yoga, forest hiking, morning exercises, etc.), and diet management (the principle is to control oil, salt, and sugar, diversify food, keep meat and vegetable balanced, and control total calories. The dinner is light and easy to digest). During the intervention period, all participants followed the above intervention plan, and they lived in the spa resort to accept unified arrangement. This study adopted a self-contrast method by comparing the changes in sleep quality, physical examination indicators, and general physical symptoms before and after the intervention through physical examinations and questionnaire surveys. After the intervention, the subjects' total score of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) decreased significantly (P = 0.006), and all seven dimensions showed a decrease, four of which included early morning awakening, sleep dissatisfaction, noticeability of sleep problems by others, and distress caused by sleep problems decreased significantly (all P < 0.05). The subjects' body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides decreased significantly (all P < 0.05), and systolic blood pressure increased significantly (P = 0.006). Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and diastolic blood pressure did not change significantly (all P > 0.05). To some extent, all general health problems were improved than before the intervention (the improvement rate was up to 70% or more). The non-pharmacological intervention of balneotherapy combined with various sleep-promoting measures showed positive effects on sleep quality, general physical symptoms, and some physical examination indicators of sleep disorders. This comprehensive intervention may be an effective way to improve people's health with sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Long
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qizhong Qin
- Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jishan Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | | | - Yu Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Kuderer S, Vagedes K, Szöke H, Kohl M, Joos S, Gündling PW, Vagedes J. Do ginger footbaths improve symptoms of insomnia more than footbaths with warm water only? - A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Med 2022; 67:102834. [PMID: 35439548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects between warm water (WW) and ginger footbaths (WW+ginger) on sleep quality and warmth regulation in adults with self-reported insomnia symptoms. METHODS A prospective randomized-controlled study in which 28 participants (mean age 50.9 years, 64.3% women, insomnia symptom duration 11.4 years) were randomized to receive WW (n = 13) or WW+ginger (n = 15) daily for 2 weeks. Treatment involved nightly footbaths (12 liters of 38-42 °C warm tap water, maximum duration 20 min) with and without topical ginger (80 g of powdered ginger rhizomes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was self-reported sleep quality (global score from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) at 2 weeks. Secondary outcomes included measures of insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI) and warmth regulation (Herdecke Warmth Perception Questionnaire, HWPQ and 24-hour distal-proximal skin temperature gradient, DPG). RESULTS WW+ginger had no greater effect on PSQI (mean between-difference 0.0 [95% CI -3.0 to 2.9], Cohen's d=0.0) or ISI (-0.2 [-3.9 to 3.4], 0.0) than WW. Nor were there any significant differences in HWPQ perceived warmth (0.1 ≥d≥0.5) or DPG (0.1 ≥d≥0.4) between WW and WW+ginger. Both groups improved over time in PSQI (WW+ginger: d=0.7, WW: d=1.3) and ISI (WW+ginger: d=0.8, WW: d=1.0). Perceived warmth of the feet increased only in WW+ginger over time (d=0.6, WW: d=0.0). CONCLUSIONS This dose of ginger (6.67 g/liter) did not have greater effects on sleep quality, insomnia severity or warmth regulation than WW. Considering effect sizes, costs and risks, the use of WW would be recommended over WW+ginger in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Kuderer
- Research Department, ARCIM Institute (Academic Research in Complementary and Integrative Medicine), Im Haberschlai 7, 70794 Filderstadt, Germany
| | - Katrin Vagedes
- Research Department, ARCIM Institute (Academic Research in Complementary and Integrative Medicine), Im Haberschlai 7, 70794 Filderstadt, Germany
| | - Henrik Szöke
- Department of Integrative Medicine, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty utca 3, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Institute of Precision Medicine, University Furtwangen, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Joos
- Institute for General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter W Gündling
- Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Limburger Str. 2, 65510 Idstein, Germany
| | - Jan Vagedes
- Research Department, ARCIM Institute (Academic Research in Complementary and Integrative Medicine), Im Haberschlai 7, 70794 Filderstadt, Germany; Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Filderklinik, Im Haberschlai 7, 70794 Filderstadt, Germany.
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Hua R, Ding Y, Liu X, Niu B, Chen X, Zhang J, Liu K, Yang P, Zhu X, Xue J, Wang H. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos Extract Promotes Sleep in Sleep-Deprived and Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:848588. [PMID: 35495054 PMCID: PMC9040552 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.848588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicines and exhibits anti-viral, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties. The reciprocal relationship between sleep, the immune system and the central nervous system is well-established in the animal models. In this study, we used the mouse model to analyze the beneficial effects of the LJF on the dysregulated sleep-wakefulness cycle in response to acute sleep deprivation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and the potential underlying mechanisms. Polysomnography data showed that LJF increased the time spent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep during the day under basal conditions. Furthermore, latency to sleep was reduced and the time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was increased during recovery from acute sleep deprivation. Furthermore, LJF-treated mice showed increased REM sleep and altered electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum in response to intra-peritoneal injection of LPS. LJF significantly reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the blood serum as well as hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) tissues in the LPS-challenged mice by inhibiting microglial activation. Moreover, LJF increased the time spent in REM sleep in the LPS-challenged mice compared to the control mice. These results suggested that LJF stimulated the sleep drive in response to acute sleep deprivation and LPS-induced inflammation, thereby increasing REM sleep for recovery and neuroprotection. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the clinical potential of LJF in treating sleep disorders related to sleep deprivation and neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Hua
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bingxuan Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kerui Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xiaofei Zhu,
| | - Jintao Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Jintao Xue,
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang,
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Güven ŞD. Improving Sleep Quality in Older Adults: Foot Reflexology or Warm Footbath? A Single-Blind, 6-Week Intervention, Two Group, Randomized Comparative Study. J Gerontol Nurs 2022; 48:17-22. [PMID: 35201924 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20220209-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to compare the effects of foot reflexology and warm foot-bath on improving sleep quality in older adults. Participants were randomized to the foot reflexology group (n = 50) or warm footbath group (n = 50). Data were collected using a Descriptive Information Form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Foot reflexology was applied 30 minutes twice per week for 6 weeks. Warm foot-bath was applied 1 hour before bedtime every evening for 6 weeks. Comparison of mean total scores from the PSQI before and after reflexology indicated that mean postintervention total scores decreased significantly compared to preintervention scores (p < 0.05). Comparison of PSQI mean total scores before and after warm footbath indicated that mean postintervention total scores decreased significantly compared to preintervention scores (p < 0.05). Comparison of PSQI mean scores of the reflexology and warm footbath groups showed no significant difference between groups in terms of the variance in mean scores (p > 0.05). According to current findings, both interventions improved sleep quality in older adults. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(3), 17-22.].
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Vagedes J, Kuderer S, Helmert E, Vagedes K, Kohl M, Szőke H, Beissner F, Joos S, Andrasik F. The Immediate Effect of Sinapis nigra and Zingiber officinale as Thermogenic Substances during Footbaths: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Complement Med Res 2021; 29:213-222. [PMID: 34933309 PMCID: PMC9677831 DOI: 10.1159/000521590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Warm footbaths infused with Sinapis nigra (mustard, or MU) or Zingiber officinale (ginger, or GI) are used for various thermoregulatory conditions, but little is known about how they are perceived by individuals, both short- and long-term. We analyzed the immediate and long-term effects of MU and GI on warmth and stimulus perception in healthy adults. METHODS Seventeen individuals (mean age 22.1±2.4 years; 11 female) received three footbaths (mean temperature was 40 ± 0.2°C, administered between 1:30 and 6:30 p.m.) in a randomized order with a crossover design: 1. with warm water only (WA), 2. with warm water and MU, and 3. with warm water and GI. Warmth and stimulus perception at the feet were assessed at the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th minute of the footbaths, in the late evening (EVE), and the following morning (MG). We further assessed well-being (at EVE and MG) and sleep quality (at MG). The primary outcome measure was the warmth perception at the feet at the 10th minute of the footbath. RESULTS At the 10th minute of the footbath, warmth perception at the feet was significantly higher with MU and GI compared to WA. The immediate thermogenic effects pointed to a quick increase in warmth and stimulus perception with MU, a slower increase with GI, and a gradual decrease with WA. Regarding the long-term effects, warmth and stimulus perception were still higher after GI compared to WA at EVE and MG. No differences were seen for general well-being and sleep quality. CONCLUSION Thermogenic substances can significantly alter the dynamics of warmth and stimulus perception when added to footbaths. The different profiles in the application of GI and MU could be relevant for a more differentiated and specific use of both substances in different therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vagedes
- ARCIM Institute (Academic Research in Complementary and Integrative Medicine), Filderstadt, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silja Kuderer
- ARCIM Institute (Academic Research in Complementary and Integrative Medicine), Filderstadt, Germany
| | - Eduard Helmert
- ARCIM Institute (Academic Research in Complementary and Integrative Medicine), Filderstadt, Germany
| | - Katrin Vagedes
- ARCIM Institute (Academic Research in Complementary and Integrative Medicine), Filderstadt, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Institute of Precision Medicine, University Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Henrik Szőke
- Department of Integrative Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Florian Beissner
- Insula Institute for Integrative Therapy Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Joos
- Institute for General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Andrasik
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Armat MR, Mortazavi H, Akbari H, Ebrahimzadeh Z. The effect of footbath on the quality of sleep in older adults: A pilot study. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:1178-1183. [PMID: 34419870 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study was a randomized controlled trial that aimed to investigate the effect of the warm footbath on the sleep quality of Iranian older adults. Males and females aged over 60 were randomly divided into three groups (footbath group with water at 40°C, footbath group with water at 37°C, and one control group) using the permutation block method. Repeated measures design was used to compare the groups after week two and week four to study the effects of footbath on sleep quality. Footbath with water at 40°C and 37°C caused significant improvement in the participants' sleep quality. No significant difference was found between the participants' sleep quality treated with water at 40°C and 37°C. Future studies with larger samples are recommended for assessing the effectiveness of warm footbath in enhancing sleep quality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Reza Armat
- Geriatric Care Research Center, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hamed Mortazavi
- Geriatric Care Research Center, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hadi Akbari
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ebrahimzadeh
- Research Committee for Students, School of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
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Kim BS, Chae SH, Hwang IC. The Effects of Aroma Foot Baths on Stress and Sleep in Terminal Cancer Patients. JOURNAL OF HOSPICE AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2021; 24:109-115. [PMID: 37675240 PMCID: PMC10180049 DOI: 10.14475/jhpc.2021.24.2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of aroma foot baths on stress and sleep in terminally ill cancer patients. Methods We performed a non-randomized intervention-control study with 30 terminal cancer patients who were admitted to a palliative care unit. Participants responded to questionnaires on stress and sleep before and after a 5-day interval. The intervention group received a daily aroma foot bath for 5 days. We performed multivariate regression analysis to examine the changes in outcomes on stress and sleep for the intervention group compared to the control group. Results The differences in baseline characteristics between groups, excluding subjective economic status and general weakness, did not show statistical significance. In contrast to the control group, the intervention group showed a statistically significant change in physical stress and psychological stress levels, but significant changes were not observed in quality of sleep. Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in physical stress (P=0.068) and psychological stress (P=0.021). Conclusion Aroma foot baths are effective for reducing stress in patients hospitalized with terminal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok Soon Kim
- Departments of Nursing, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Chae
- Departments of Nursing, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - In Cheol Hwang
- Departments of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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LI GUANGHAO, YUAN YAFEI, REN HAORAN, CHEN WEI. fNIRS STUDY OF EFFECTS OF FOOT BATH ON HUMAN BRAIN AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION. J MECH MED BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519421400224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As a nondrug complementary therapy and healthy leisure physiotherapy method, foot bath (FB) is gaining acceptance and popularity in many areas. The significance of this research is to study the close and complex connection between FB stimulation and the human brain using fNIRS neuroimaging techniques. Participants were placed under two different conditions (normal and foot bath) and instructed to perform Stroop task of color word matching. Research on the behavioral results of the subjects showed that FB can effectively regulate the efficiency of humans in the process of performing tasks in a natural state. The fNIRS findings showed that the PFC in the FB condition was weakly activated compared to the normal condition. FB can realize the natural and healthy regulation of human brain cognitive function, which will have an impact on many production activities in human daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- GUANGHAO LI
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - YAFEI YUAN
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - HAORAN REN
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - WEI CHEN
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Fujii K, Stolt M, Komoda T, Nishikawa M. Effects of Nurse and Care Worker-led Foot-Care Program on Older People's Foot Conditions: Before and After Intervention Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2021; 7:23779608211058492. [PMID: 35155772 PMCID: PMC8832336 DOI: 10.1177/23779608211058492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of older people with frailty in Japan use geriatric day care centers. Older people who have been certified as requiring long-term care attend centers during the day and receive nursing care help with bathing, excretion, meals, and functional training services. Many older people have foot problems with need foot care by nurses and care workers (NCWs) at geriatric day care centers. OBJECTIVE This study explored the effects of NCWs' foot-care programs on the foot conditions of older people attending daytime services. METHODS A before-after intervention study was conducted at geriatric day care centers for older people, where the foot-care program was presented by NCWs for two months. The foot conditions of 23 clients (8 men, 15 women, mean age = 78.6 years, standard deviation = 9.2) were assessed before and after the program. Changes in foot condition and clients' perceptions after the study were analyzed through descriptive statistics, McNemar, and paired t-tests. RESULTS Although dramatic changes in foot conditions were not observed, some conditions were improved or maintained. Changes were observed in mean dry skin scores (p < .01; right foot: 1.6→1.1, left foot: 1.6→1.1), skin lesions and long nails (skin lesions R: 0.2→0.1; long nail R: 1.4→1.0, L: 1.1→0.8), and edema (R: 43.5%→39.1%, L: 52.2%→47.8%). Further, clients started perceiving that foot health is important and discussed their feet with staff more often. CONCLUSION The NCWs' foot-care program was effective in maintaining and improving foot health in older people and positively affected their perception of foot care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashiko Fujii
- Department of Nursing, Tokyo University of Information
Sciences, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
| | - Minna Stolt
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Takuyuki Komoda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Toyohashi Heart Center, Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Mariko Nishikawa
- Department of Nursing, University of Human Environments, Obu City,
Aichi Prefecture Japan
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Periocular skin warming promotes body heat loss and sleep onset: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20325. [PMID: 33230185 PMCID: PMC7683599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Periocular skin warming was reported to have favorable effects on subjective and objective sleep quality. We hypothesized that enhancing body heat loss by periocular skin warming would reduce sleep onset and improve sleep quality. Eighteen healthy volunteers were asked to maintain wakefulness with their eyes closed for 60 min after applying either a warming or sham eye mask, followed by a 60-min sleep period. Compared to the sham, periocular warming increased the distal skin temperature and distal-proximal skin temperature gradient only during the 30-min thermal manipulation period. In the subsequent sleep period, periocular warming facilitated sleep onset, increased stage 2 sleep and electroencephalographic delta activity during the first half of the sleep period relative to the sham. These results suggest that periocular skin warming may accelerate and deepen sleep by enhancing physiological heat loss via the distal skin, mimicking physiological conditions preceding habitual sleep.
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Wen Q, Dong X, Lan L, Liu L, Tumilty S, Yan B, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Feng F. Traditional Chinese herbal bath therapy for insomnia: A protocol for systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21166. [PMID: 32702872 PMCID: PMC7373592 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insomnia is a major public health problem. Due to the side effects of pharmacological therapy, people are seeking to choose complementary and alternative therapies for insomnia disorder. Traditional Chinese herbal bath therapy is an important complementary therapy which combines advantages of Chinese herbs and bathing therapy. This protocol describes the methodology of a systematic review assessing the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese herbal bath therapy for insomnia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Reporting of this review will be adherent to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We will electronically search the following seven databases from inception to January 23, 2020: PubMed, Cochrane database (CENTRAL), EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), VIP Database, and Wanfang Database. Parallel randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese herbal bath therapy for insomnia will be included. Study selection, data extraction and assessment of risk of bias will be performed independently by two researchers. The sleep quality will be assessed as the primary outcome. Global symptom improvement, anxiety and depression, and adverse events will be evaluated as secondary outcomes. The Cochrane's risk of bias tool will be utilized for assessing the methodological quality of included studies. Revman software (v.5.3) will be used for data synthesis and statistical analysis. Data will be synthesized by either fixed-effects or random-effects model according to a heterogeneity test. If it is not appropriate for a meta-analysis, a descriptive analysis will be conducted. GRADE system will be used to assess the quality of evidence. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020168507.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Lan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhou Liu
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Steve Tumilty
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bohua Yan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Yabing Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Santai County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Santai County
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fen Feng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
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Jafarimanesh H, Vakilian K, Mobasseri S. Thermo-therapy and cryotherapy to decrease the symptoms of restless leg syndrome during the pregnancy: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 50:102409. [PMID: 32444058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensory-motor disorder among the pregnant women. The aim of this study is to compare the impacts of two methods of immersion of legs in cold and warm water on the RLS symptoms among the pregnant women. METHODS This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 pregnant women with RLS who referred to Taleghani educational-therapy center. After obtaining their informed consent, they were selected by accessible method and randomly allocated into group 1 (warm water) and group 2 (cold water). Group 1 were asked to put their legs in cold water for 10 min every night for 2 weeks. The group 2 put their legs in warm water under the same condition. The severity of RLS was measured before and after the study. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive as well as the analytical statistics such as Chi-square, independent T test, pair T test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon and covariance. RESULTS After intervention, mean RLS of the cold water group was11.02 ± 4.93; while this mean was 13.50 ± 4.74 in the warm water group. The difference between the two groups was significant (p = 0.017). Results also revealed that the severity of RLS symptoms at the end of the treatment was different from the beginning of the research in both groups (p = 0.001). The intervention with both warm and cold water declined the RLS symptoms among pregnant women. CONCLUSION The warm and cold water can be used for this purpose depending on the women's preference. However, this article recommends the cold water for more reducing of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Jafarimanesh
- School of Nursing, School of Medicine, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Sardasht, Iran.
| | - Katayon Vakilian
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center(TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Sardasht, Iran.
| | - Shirin Mobasseri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Street, Taleghani Hospital, Arak, Iran.
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Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological theory of multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:279-300. [PMID: 31588832 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1677648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by dysfunction of the immune system that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by demyelination, chronic inflammation, neuronal and oligodendrocyte loss and reactive astrogliosis. It can result in physical disability and acute neurological and cognitive problems. Despite the gains in knowledge of immunology, cell biology, and genetics in the last five decades, the ultimate etiology or specific elements that trigger MS remain unknown. The objective of this review is to propose a theoretical basis for MS etiopathogenesis.Methods: Search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was "(multiple sclerosis* OR EAE) AND (pathophysiology* OR etiopathogenesis)". The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1960, and June 30, 2019. The search was filtered down to 362 articles which were included in this review.Results: A framework to better understand the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of MS can be derived from four essential factors; mitochondria dysfunction (MtD) & oxidative stress (OS), vitamin D (VD), sex hormones and thyroid hormones. These factors play a direct role in MS etiopathogenesis and have a modulatory effect on many other factors involved in the disease.Conclusions: For better MS prevention and treatment outcomes, efforts should be geared towards treating thyroid problems, sex hormone alterations, VD deficiency, sleep problems and melatonin alterations. MS patients should be encouraged to engage in activities that boost total antioxidant capacity (TAC) including diet and regular exercise and discouraged from activities that promote OS including smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Talebi Ghadicolaei H, Heydary Gorji MA, Bagheri B, Yazdani Charati J, Hadinejad Z. The Effect of Warm Footbath on the Quality of Sleep on Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Cardiac Care Unit. J Caring Sci 2019; 8:137-142. [PMID: 31598506 PMCID: PMC6778315 DOI: 10.15171/jcs.2019.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effect of warm footbath before bedtime on the quality of sleep on patients with acute Coronary Syndrome in Cardiac Care Unit. Methods: This study was conducted on 120 patients admitted to CCU at Mazandaran Heart Center and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. In the intervention group, warm footbath was performed after the second night in hospital before bed time by 41 C water for 20 minutes for three consecutive nights; in contrast, the control group did not receive anything of this sort. The next day, St Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire was completed to evaluate sleep quality. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Friedman, Wilcoxon exact statistical tests. Results: The quality of sleep in the first night of hospitalization was different from the third night after the intervention in both groups and the improvement process of sleep quality was observed in both groups. Most patients had moderate impairments (23-36), which had not changed during the intervention. In intervention groups, 8 patients had severe sleep disorders (greater than 37), which declined to 1 after three nights of intervention. While, in the control group this number fell from 10 patients with severe sleep disorders to 5. Warm footbath had a great positive impact on patients suffering from severe sleep disorders (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although warm footbath did not improve the quality of sleep in all patients, it reduced the number of patients who had severe sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Talebi Ghadicolaei
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Heydary Gorji
- Department of Intensive Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Babak Bagheri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Yazdani Charati
- Department of Biostatistics and epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zoya Hadinejad
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Tobore TO. On elucidation of the role of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ncn3.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Before-bedtime passive body heating by warm shower or bath to improve sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 46:124-135. [PMID: 31102877 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Water-based passive body heating (PBHWB) as a warm shower or bath before bedtime is often recommended as a simple means of improving sleep. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochran, Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases and extracted pertinent information from publications meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria to explore the effects of PBHWB on sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, sleep efficiency (SE), slow wave sleep, and subjective sleep quality. The search yielded 5322 candidate articles of which 17 satisfied inclusion criteria after removing duplicates, with 13 providing comparable quantitative data for meta-analyses. PBHWB of 40-42.5 °C was associated with both improved self-rated sleep quality and SE, and when scheduled 1-2 h before bedtime for little as 10 min significant shortening of SOL. These findings are consistent with the mechanism of PBHWB effects being the extent of core body temperature decline achieved by increased blood perfusion to the palms and soles that augments the distal-to-proximal skin temperature gradient to enhance body heat dissipation. Nonetheless, additional investigation is required because the findings regarding PBHWB are limited by the relative scarcity of reported research, especially its optimal timing and duration plus exact mechanisms of effects.
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Ko Y, Lee JY. Effects of feet warming using bed socks on sleep quality and thermoregulatory responses in a cool environment. J Physiol Anthropol 2018; 37:13. [PMID: 29699592 PMCID: PMC5921564 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-018-0172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a way of helping to sleep in winter, methods of warming the feet through footbaths or heating pads before bedtime are tried. In particular, bed socks are popular during winter sleeping in Korea, but scientific evidence about the physiological effects of bed socks on sleep quality is rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of feet warming using bed socks on sleep quality and thermoregulatory responses during sleep in a cool environment. Methods Six young males (22.7 ± 2.0 years in age, 175.6 ± 3.5 cm in height, and 73.1 ± 8.5 kg in body weight) participated in two experimental conditions (with and without feet warming) in a random order. The following variables on sleep quality using a wrist actigraphy were measured during a 7-h sleep at an air temperature of 23 °C with 50% RH: sleep-onset latency, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, number of awakenings, wake after sleep onset, average awakening length, movement index, and fragmentation index. Heart rate and rectal and skin temperatures were monitored during the 7-h sleep. Questionnaire on sleep quality was obtained after awakening in the morning. Results The results showed that sleep-onset latency was on average 7.5 min shorter, total sleep time was 32 min longer, the number of awakenings was 7.5 times smaller, and sleep efficiency was 7.6% higher for those wearing feet-warming bed socks during a 7-h sleep than control (no bed socks) (all P < 0.05). Also, their foot temperature was maintained on average 1.3 °C higher and the value in the distal-proximal skin temperature gradient was higher for those wearing feet warming bed socks when compared to the control condition (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in heart rate, rectal and mean skin temperature, or in the questionnaire-based subjective evaluations between the two conditions. Conclusions Feet warming using bed socks during sleep in a cool environment had positive effects on sleep quality by shortened sleep onset, lengthened sleep time, and lessened awakenings during sleep but had no significant influence on core body temperature. These results imply that sleep quality could be improved by manipulation of the foot temperature throughout sleeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Ko
- College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,COM:FORT Laboratory, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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Schwichtenberg AJ, Choe J, Kellerman A, Abel EA, Delp EJ. Pediatric Videosomnography: Can Signal/Video Processing Distinguish Sleep and Wake States? Front Pediatr 2018; 6:158. [PMID: 29974042 PMCID: PMC6020776 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term videosomnography captures a range of video-based methods used to record and subsequently score sleep behaviors (most commonly sleep vs. wake states). Until recently, the time consuming nature of behavioral videosomnography coding has limited its clinical and research applications. However, with recent technological advancements, the use of auto-videosomnography techniques may be a practical and valuable extension of behavioral videosomnography coding. To test an auto-videosomnography system within a pediatric sample, we processed 30 videos of infant/toddler sleep using a series of signal/video-processing techniques. The resulting auto-videosomnography system provided minute-by-minute sleep vs. wake estimates, which were then compared to behaviorally coded videosomnography and actigraphy. Minute-by-minute estimates demonstrated moderate agreement across compared methods (auto-videosomnography with behavioral videosomnography, Cohen's kappa = 0.46; with actigraphy = 0.41). Additionally, auto-videosomnography agreements exhibited high sensitivity for sleep but only about half of the wake minutes were correctly identified. For sleep timing (sleep onset and morning rise time), behavioral videosomnography and auto-videosomnography demonstrated strong agreement. However, nighttime waking agreements were poor across both behavioral videosomnography and actigraphy comparisons. Overall, this study provides preliminary support for the use of an auto-videosomnography system to index sleep onset and morning rise time only, which may have potential telemedicine implications. With replication, auto-videosomnography may be useful for researchers and clinicians as a minimally invasive sleep timing assessment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Schwichtenberg
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jeehyun Choe
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ashleigh Kellerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Emily A Abel
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Edward J Delp
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Oshima-Saeki C, Taniho Y, Arita H, Fujimoto E. Lower-limb warming improves sleep quality in elderly people living in nursing homes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:87-91. [PMID: 28966746 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20170016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common in older people. This study was conducted to examine the effects of a hot pack, which was used to warm the lower limbs, on the sleep of elderly people living in a nursing home. This is a prospective cohort involving seven elderly women. Subjects aged 74-93 years old were treated by warming the lower limbs for 40 minutes using hot packs every night over 8 weeks. A hot pack made of a dense polymer and warmed in a microwave oven was used as a warming device. In the first and last week, the subjects were required to wear an activity monitor to determine their sleep-awake status. During the second to ninth week, they received limb-warming treatment by a hot pack heated to 42ºC for 40 min every night. Surface skin temperature data were collected by thermographic measurement. As a result, lower-limb warming by a hot pack significantly improved the quality of sleep in the subjects. During warming, the surface temperature of the hands and face rose by approximately 0.5-1.5ºC. This study showed that lower-limb warming with a hot pack reduced sleep latency and wake episodes after sleep onset; thus, improving the quality of sleep in elderly people living in a nursing home.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiromi Arita
- Department of Nursing Science, Nursing and Social Welfare, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Etsuko Fujimoto
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Parks MD, Morris DL, Kolcaba K, McDonald PE. An Evaluation of Patient Comfort During Acute Psychiatric Hospitalization. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2017; 53:29-37. [PMID: 26302888 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the difference in the level of comfort between psychiatric inpatients who received a warmed blanket and psychiatric inpatients who did not receive a warmed blanket. DESIGN AND METHODS A descriptive pilot study from a convenience sample of 37 psychiatric patients aged 18-59. Subject's level of comfort was measured with Kolcaba's verbal rating scale (VRS). FINDINGS Independent t-tests showed that the VRS mean score was lower in the control group (6.81) than the experimental group (7.29). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Comfort is central to nursing and there has been little research regarding the effects of warm topical applications in the psychiatric hospital setting. Warmed blankets are not routinely offered to patients in the psychiatric setting. The use of warmed blankets may increase patient comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Parks
- Radford University School of Nursing, Radford, Virginia, USA
| | - Diana Lynn Morris
- University Center on Aging & Health, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,MSASS, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katharine Kolcaba
- The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Ursuline College, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Patricia E McDonald
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Rahmani A, Naseri M, Salaree MM, Nehrir B. Comparing the Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage, Foot Bath and Their Combination on Quality of Sleep in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Caring Sci 2016; 5:299-306. [PMID: 28032074 PMCID: PMC5187550 DOI: 10.15171/jcs.2016.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Many patients in coronary care unit (CCU)
suffer from decreased sleep quality caused by environmental and mental factors. This study
compared the efficacy of foot reflexology massage, foot bath, and a combination of them on
the quality of sleep of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was implemented on
ACS patients in Iran. Random sampling was used to divide the patients into four groups of
35 subjects. The groups were foot reflexology massage, foot bath, a combination of the two
and the control group. Sleep quality was measured using the Veran Snyder-Halpern
questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13. Results: The mean age of the four groups was 61.22 (11.67)
years. The mean sleep disturbance in intervention groups (foot reflexology massage and
foot bath groups) during the second and third nights was significantly less than before
intervention. The results also showed a greater reduction in sleep disturbance in the
combined group than in the other groups when compared to the control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the intervention of
foot bath and massage are effective in reducing sleep disorders and there was a
synergistic effect when used in combination. This complementary care method can be
recommended to be implemented by CCU nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahmani
- Department of Nursing, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Naseri
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Salaree
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Nehrir
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zeng H, Liu M, Wang P, Kang J, Lu F, Pan L. The Effects of Acupressure Training on Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial. Res Nurs Health 2016; 39:328-36. [PMID: 27327537 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- Professor; Xiangya School of Nursing; Central South University; 172 Tong Zipo Road Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Ping Wang
- Lecturer; Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College; Zhuzhou Hunan Province China
| | - Jiaxun Kang
- Lecturer; School of Nursing; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Postgraduate Student; Xiangya School of Nursing; Central South University; Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Lu Pan
- The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan Province China
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Kim HJ, Lee Y, Sohng KY. The effects of footbath on sleep among the older adults in nursing home: A quasi-experimental study. Complement Ther Med 2016; 26:40-6. [PMID: 27261980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the long-term effects of foot-bathing therapy, using different water temperatures, on the sleep quality of older adults living in nursing homes. DESIGN A quasi-experimental study design with non-equivalent control group. SETTINGS Thirty participants were recruited from a nursing home in Gyeong-gi Province, South Korea. INTERVENTIONS The participants were randomly assigned to experimental, placebo, and control groups. The foot-bathing therapy was performed for 30min daily for four weeks. Water at 40°C was used for the experimental group, while water at 36.5°C was used for the placebo group. The control group did not receive any intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The participants' sleep patterns (total sleep amount, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency) and sleep-disturbed behaviors were compared based on group, using actigraphy and a sleep disorder inventory. RESULTS The total amount of sleep and sleep efficiency were significantly different for the experimental group, especially those with poor sleep quality. There were no differences in sleep latency or sleep-disturbed behaviors among the groups. The long-term effect of the therapy decreased in the third week of the therapy. CONCLUSIONS Daily, 30-min foot-bathing therapy sessions with water at 40°C were effective in improving sleep quality for older adults. The therapy was more effective for participants with poor sleep quality at baseline assessment than those with relatively good sleep quality. The long-term effects of foot-bathing therapy decreased three weeks after initiation; therefore, it might be desirable to deliver the therapy for two weeks, pause it for a week, and then resume it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Kim
- Shineville Seniors Longterm Care Facilities, Gyeong-gi Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaelim Lee
- Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yae Sohng
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodaero, Socho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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Valizadeh L, Seyyedrasooli A, Zamanazadeh V, Nasiri K. Comparing the Effects of Reflexology and Footbath on Sleep Quality in the Elderly: A Controlled Clinical Trial. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e20111. [PMID: 26734475 PMCID: PMC4698132 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.20111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common mental disorders reported among the elderly in all countries, and with nonpharmacological interventions, they could be helped to improve their sleep quality. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two interventions, foot reflexology and foot bath, on sleep quality in elderly people. PATIENTS AND METHODS This three-group randomized clinical trial (two experimental groups and a control group) was conducted on 69 elderly men. The two experimental groups had reflexology (n = 23) and foot bath (n = 23) interventions for 6 weeks. The reflexology intervention was done in the mornings, once a week for ten minutes on each foot. The participants in the foot bath group were asked to soak their feet in 41°C to 42°C water one hour before sleeping. The pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was completed before and after the intervention through an interview process. RESULTS The results showed that the PSQI scores after intervention compared to before it in the reflexology and foot bath groups were statistically significant (P = 0.01 , P = 0.001); however, in the control group did not show a statistically significant difference (P = 0.14). In addition, the total score changes among the three groups were statistically significant (P = 0.01). Comparing the score changes of quality of sleep between the reflexology and foot bath groups showed that there was no significant difference in none of the components and the total score (P = 0.09). The two interventions had the same impact on the quality of sleep. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the training of nonpharmacological methods to improve sleep quality such as reflexology and foot bath be included in the elderly health programs. In addition, it is recommended that the impact of these interventions on subjective sleep quality using polysomnographic recordings be explored in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Valizadeh
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Alehe Seyyedrasooli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Vahid Zamanazadeh
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Khadijeh Nasiri
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Khadijeh Nasiri, Department of Medical- Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9372681253, Fax: +98-4524234042, E-mail:
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Ho M, Li TC, Liao CH, Su SY, Su SY. The Association Between Behavior Restrictions in Doing-the-Month Practice and Mental Health Status Among Postpartum Women. J Altern Complement Med 2015; 21:725-31. [PMID: 26366719 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Doing-the-month practice has been commonly observed by women during the first month after delivery for hundreds of years in several countries of Asia. This retrospective study examined the correlation between these restricted behaviors and mental status in postpartum women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The frequencies of seven restricted behaviors during the first month after delivery and levels of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality were measured in 341 women 4-6 weeks after delivery through self-reported questionnaires. The multivariate linear regression model was used to determine independent behavioral predictors for depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. RESULTS Bathing or showering was an independent predictor of low depression status, low anxiety status (p<0.05), and good sleep quality (p<0.001). Behaviors related to high depression status were touching cold water and squatting (both p<0.05). Squatting was also related to high anxiety status (p<0.01), while exposing oneself to drafts was related to poor sleep quality (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results indicate that the restrictions on squatting, touching cold water, and exposure to drafts are positively associated with good mental health in postpartum women and are worth preserving; however, the restriction on bathing or showering might negatively impact the mental health of postpartum women and needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ho
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- 2 Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan .,3 Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hui Liao
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .,5 College of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yun Su
- 6 Taiwan Transactional Analysis Association , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yu Su
- 7 Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan .,8 School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan
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Seyyedrasooli A, Valizadeh L, Zamanzadeh V, Nasiri K, Kalantri H. The effect of footbath on sleep quality of the elderly: a blinded randomized clinical trial. J Caring Sci 2014; 2:305-11. [PMID: 25276739 DOI: 10.5681/jcs.2013.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The progressive increase in the elderly population of developing countries has drawn attention to their health. Sleep Pattern and quality can affect life quality in old people. We need more documents about footbath (a non-invasive method). The purpose of this research was to examine footbath on sleep quality of the elderly. METHODS This study is a blinded, randomized, clinical trial on 46 old men that had health documents in health center, 2013. Participants in the research were divided into two groups. One group had footbath (experimental group) and another group did not have footbath (control group). The experimental group participants were asked to put their feet in warm water (41-42 ºC) for 20 minutes before sleeping for 6 weeks. The co-researcher completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after the intervention by individual interview. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS The comparison of changes in sleep quality score the old men showed the sleep duration and total sleep quality has significantly improved in the experimental group. CONCLUSION According to the study results, the maximum effect of footbath was on sleep latency and sleep duration disturbances. In this study, the researchers had limited access to the elderly in Tabriz; therefore, it is recommended that future research be conducted in a higher number of health centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allehe Seyyedrasooli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Valizadeh
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Zamanzadeh
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Nasiri
- Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Kalantri
- Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Nocturia is a bothersome symptom that increases with age, resulting in sleep disruption, an increased risk of falls, and a greater likelihood of rating one's health as poor. It is often a symptom of conditions that cause low volume voiding, overproduction of urine across the day or only at night and a symptom of a sleep disorder. Nocturia affects quality of life and has an impact on aging in place, thus assessment and treatment are essential. Behavioral treatments should be explored first, keeping in mind what the affected older adult defines as the desired outcomes of treatment.
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Liao WC, Wang L, Kuo CP, Lo C, Chiu MJ, Ting H. Effect of a warm footbath before bedtime on body temperature and sleep in older adults with good and poor sleep: An experimental crossover trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2013; 50:1607-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Acute effects of warm footbath on arterial stiffness in healthy young and older women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1261-8. [PMID: 21833487 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute systemic thermal therapy can improve arterial stiffness in both animals and humans. We examined and compared the effects of acute local thermal therapy (footbath) on an indicator of human arterial stiffness, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), in 16 healthy young (29.4 ± 0.4 years) and 16 older (59.8 ± 1.7 years) women. Measurements were made at baseline (BL) and at 0 and 30 min after footbath in footbath trial, and at corresponding time points without footbath in control trial. In the footbath trial, subjects immersed their lower legs and feet in water for 30 min, with water temperature ranging from 41 to 43°C. The results showed that footbath elicited significant reductions in CAVI at 0 min compared to the same trial's baseline in both young and older groups (0.55 ± 0.07, P = 0.01 for young; 0.42 ± 0.15, P = 0.03 for older, respectively) with no changes found in the control trials. The percentage of CAVI change at 0 min was significantly greater in young women (91.9 ± 1.1%) compared to older women (96.5 ± 1.8%, P < 0.05). This study indicated that acute warm footbath results in transient improvement of systemic arterial stiffness in both healthy young and older women. Despite similar intervention, the percentage response of arterial stiffness to footbath was attenuated in older women.
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