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Parizad N, Hassanpour A, Goli R, Khalkhali H, Nozad A. Comparing the impact of acupressure and reflexology on fatigue in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients: A randomized controlled trial with three arms. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 70:102573. [PMID: 38520901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acupressure and reflexology on fatigue in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. METHOD In this randomized controlled trial with three arms and a pretest-posttest design, 102 CLL patients were randomly allocated to acupressure (n = 34), reflexology (n = 34), or control (n = 34) groups. Pre-intervention assessments were conducted using a demographic questionnaire and a fatigue scale for cancer patients. The acupressure group received routine care with acupressure targeting the SP6 point for 10 min twice daily over four weeks. The reflexology group received daily 10-minute reflexology sessions over four consecutive weeks following the preparation and lubrication of the soles of their feet with sweet almond oil. Post-intervention assessments were administered to all groups using the same instruments. RESULTS Results showed both acupressure and reflexology significantly reduced fatigue compared to the control group (P < 0.001). While differences were noted between acupressure, reflexology, and control groups initially, the post-intervention analysis revealed no significant variance between acupressure and reflexology in reducing fatigue (P < 0.05), suggesting similar improvement between acupressure and reflexology. CONCLUSIONS Acupressure and reflexology are recommended as cost-effective and low risk complementary approaches for managing fatigue in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. These therapies offer promise in alleviating fatigue and enhancing the quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Parizad
- Patient Safety Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amireh Hassanpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rasoul Goli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Khalkhali
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Urmia, Iran
| | - Aysan Nozad
- Traditional Iranian Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Urmia, Iran
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Klaus M, Kutschan S, Männle H, Hübner J, Dörfler J. Reflexology in oncological treatment - a systematic review. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:32. [PMID: 38212747 PMCID: PMC10782728 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As cancer and its therapy comes with a wide range of negative effects, people look for options to mitigate these effects. Reflexology is among the options of complementary medicine. METHOD In March 2022 a systematic search was conducted searching five electronic databases (Embase, Cochrane, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Medline) to find studies concerning the use, effectiveness and potential harm of reflexology on cancer patients. RESULTS From all 821 search results, 29 publications concerning 26 studies with 2465 patients were included in this systematic review. The patients treated with reflexology were mainly diagnosed with breast, lung, gastrointestinal and hematological cancer. Outcomes were mainly pain, quality of life, anxiety, depression, fatigue. The studies had moderate to low quality and reported heterogeneous results: Some studies reported significant improvements in above mentioned outcomes while other studies did not find any changes concerning these endpoints. CONCLUSION Due to the very heterogeneous results and methodical limitations of the included studies, a clear statement regarding the effectiveness of reflexology on cancer patients is not possible. The current evidence indicates that reflexology is superior to passive control groups for pain, quality of life and fatigue, however, more studies with comparable active control groups are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Klaus
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie Und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Sabine Kutschan
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie Und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Heidrun Männle
- Gynäkologie Und Geburtshilfe, Ortenau-Klinikum Offenburg-Kehl, Ebertplatz 12, 77654, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Hübner
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie Und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dörfler
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie Und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
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Liang X, Wu S, Li K, Zhang H, Yang F, Wang X, Yang G. The effects of reflexology on symptoms in pregnancy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18442. [PMID: 37533996 PMCID: PMC10391945 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This review assessed the effects of reflexology on symptoms in pregnancy. Methods and analysis PubMed, Embase, Springer, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and reference lists of previous systematic reviews were searched for the eligible randomized controlled trials (RCT) from the inception date of each predefined database up to May 31st, 2023. Data were extracted, and methodological quality was evaluated by the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The efficacy of treatment was assessed using pooled effect sizes (Hedges' g) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4 manager, and publication bias was evaluated by Begg's test. Results The included a total of 13 RCTs in this review, of eleven was high risk of bias and two were low, reported the effects of reflexology on low back and/or pelvic pain (LBPP), labor pain, duration of labor, anxiety, fatigue, sleep quality, constipation symptoms, and ankle and foot edema in pregnancy. The effect sizes (Hedges' g) for reflexology in labor pain, duration of labor, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep quality showed statistical significance, which the meta-analysis also confirmed except for fatigue and sleep quality due to insufficient studies. Conclusion Reflexology is probably effective and safe for labor pain, duration of labor, and anxiety in pregnancy, while the evidences for reflexology in LBPP, fatigue, sleep quality, constipation symptoms, and ankle and foot edema during pregnancy were insufficient. Based on the low to high quality of included studies, strong supportive evidence is not yet available. Rigorous-design and large-scale clinical trials should be conducted to provide higher-quality, reliable evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liang
- Qi-Huang Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shangping Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fujing Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guangyi Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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Lialy HE, Mohamed MA, AbdAllatif LA, Khalid M, Elhelbawy A. Effects of different physiotherapy modalities on insomnia and depression in perimenopausal, menopausal, and post-menopausal women: a systematic review. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:363. [PMID: 37422660 PMCID: PMC10329343 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause is the time that marks passing 12 months after the last menstruation cycle in women between ages 40-50. Menopausal women often experience depression and insomnia that significantly impact their overall well-being and quality of life. This systematic review aims to determine the effects of different therapeutic physiotherapy modalities on insomnia and depression in perimenopausal, menopausal, and post-menopausal women. METHODOLOGY After identifying our inclusion/exclusion criteria, we conducted a database search in Ovid Embase, MIDRIS, PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceOpen, where 4007 papers were identified. By using EndNote software, we excluded duplicates, unrelated, and non-full text papers. Adding more studies from manual search, we finally included 31 papers including 7 physiotherapy modalities: exercise, reflexology, footbath, walking, therapeutic and aromatherapy massage, craniofacial message, and yoga. RESULTS Reflexology, yoga, walking and aromatherapy massage showed an overall significant impact on decreasing insomnia and depression in menopausal women. Most of exercise and stretching interventions also showed improvement in sleep quality but inconsistent findings regarding depression. However, insufficient evidence was found regarding the effect of craniofacial massage, footbath, and acupressure on improving sleep quality and depression in menopausal women. CONCLUSION Using non-pharmaceutical interventions such as therapeutic and manual physiotherapy have an overall positive impact on reducing insomnia and depression in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar E Lialy
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Maria Khalid
- Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tavallali F, Vahedparast H, Hajinezhad F, Bagherzadeh R. Effect of Foot Reflexology and Benson Relaxation on Pain, Breastfeeding and Weight of Neonates of Women Undergoing a Cesarean Section. Arch Iran Med 2023; 26:381-388. [PMID: 38301097 PMCID: PMC10685816 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the negative effect of postoperative pharmacological pain control on breastfeeding, the present study aimed to compare the effects of reflexology and Benson relaxation methods on pain, breastfeeding, and infant weight gain in women undergoing a cesarean section (C/S). METHODS This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 135 women undergoing a C/S in the Gynecology Ward of Bushehr Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital in Bushehr, Iran, in 2020. The participants were selected using convenience sampling, and randomly divided into three groups of foot reflexology, Benson relaxation, and control. The interventions were performed two hours post-operation and six hours after the first intervention. The pain score was measured and recorded immediately, and 30 and 60 minutes after each intervention. Breastfeeding frequency and duration were also assessed in the first 18 hours of birth. The infants' weight was assessed at birth and 10 days later. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistics, chi-square or Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U or one-way ANOVA, Wilcoxon test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS There was a larger decrease in the pain score of the reflexology and Benson relaxation (P<0.01) groups after the first and second interventions, compared to the control group. The breastfeeding frequency was higher in the two intervention groups, compared to the control group (P<0.001). Furthermore, the rate of return to the birth weight in ten days of birth was higher in the reflexology (P<0.01) and Benson groups (P<0.05) than the control group. CONCLUSION Both the reflexology and the Benson relaxation methods effectively decreased pain and increased breastfeeding frequency and the infant's weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Tavallali
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Vahedparast
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery. Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajinezhad
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Bushehr, Iran
| | - Razieh Bagherzadeh
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Frenkel M, David A, Sapire K, Hausner D. Complementary and Integrative Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:231-242. [PMID: 36735141 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pancreatic cancer has high mortality and morbidity rates, associated with the issues of typically late diagnosis and the limited effectiveness of current treatments. Patients tend to experience multiple symptoms that can include anxiety, fear, depression, fatigue, weakness, peripheral neuropathy, and abdominal pain, which reduce quality of life (QoL) and may compromise the treatment continuum. Many of those symptoms are amenable to complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) therapies as a part of supportive and palliative care. This article reviews research findings on the beneficial effect of use of CIM modalities in regard to pancreatic cancer, with emphasis on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). RECENT FINDINGS Given the often-poor prognosis of the disease, patients with PDAC often seek integrative therapies to help manage the disease itself, to provide support through cancer treatment and its symptoms, and to provide emotional stress relief. Data is accumulating in the past few years on the potential benefits of CIM to the management of pancreatic cancer symptoms and treatment side effects, in order to augment supportive care. This data reveal that nutrition counselling; digestive enzyme therapy; microbiome support; dietary supplements; lifestyle interventions (physical activity and circadian health/sleep hygiene) appear to improve QoL of these patients through reduced symptom burden and meeting psychological needs, such as distress and fatigue. Acupuncture, mindfulness, yoga, reflexology, massage, and homeopathy may also contribute to symptom reduction, both physical and psychological, in all stages of the disease. There is supporting evidence that some CIM modalities may alleviate side effects and symptoms related to pancreatic cancer and its treatment, suggesting that practitioners might consider integrating these modalities in certain situations encountered in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Further investigation is needed to define the optimal integration of CIM into the treatment and supportive care of patients affected by pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Frenkel
- Complementary and Integrative Medicine Service, Oncology Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Adi David
- Tal Center for Integrative Medicine, Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Kenneth Sapire
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Hausner
- Tal Center for Integrative Medicine, Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Palliative Care Service, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Us MC, Saran MG, Cebeci B, Akkuş E, Şeker E, Aybar ŞSŞ. A Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Study of Reflexology, Sucrose, and Other Treatments for Needle Procedures in Newborns. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 140:78-85. [PMID: 36608413 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 10 to 14 painful procedures per day are performed in infants during the hospital stay. We aimed to determine the effect of reflexology applied to the sole during painful procedures on pain perception in newborns compared with other nonpharmacologic methods. METHODS Our study was planned as a randomized controlled trial in term infants being followed up in the neonatal intensive care unit and maternity ward. To reduce pain during collection of venous blood or heel lance reflexology on the soles of the foot, 24% sucrose solution, kangaroo care, and classical music listening were applied to the infants. The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was used to assess newborns during acute pain. RESULTS A total of 300 patients were enrolled in the study. Higher pain scores and crying times were observed during heel blood collection. All analgesic methods significantly reduced NIPS scores during heel blood collection. Sucrose was the most effective method, followed by reflexology. The best method that significantly shortened the crying time was again sucrose solution followed by reflexology, kangaroo care, and classical music, during heel blood collection. However, none of the nonpharmacologic methods was effective during venous blood collection. CONCLUSIONS Although sucrose was the most effective method, reflexology has significant positive effects, especially on average heartbeat, reducing pain, and shortening crying times during heel blood sampling. Reflexology might be considered among the nonpharmacologic methods to be applied before routine interventions, but still, there is a need for further studies to investigate the efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Caner Us
- Division of Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Pediatrics, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mine Güneş Saran
- Maternity Ward, Esenler Maternity and Child Health Hospital Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Cebeci
- Department of Neonatology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Akkuş
- Department of Pediatrics, Esenler Maternity and Child Health Hospital Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Şeker
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Esenler Maternity, and Child Health Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
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Tian EJ, Veziari Y, Leach MJ, Kumar S. The effectiveness of reflexology on mental health in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 50:101708. [PMID: 36434907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The current body of research examining the effectiveness of reflexology in patients with cancer have predominantly focused on managing physical symptoms and treatment side effects. This review aimed to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effectiveness of reflexology on mental health outcomes in people with cancer. METHODS RCTs published in English and measuring stress, anxiety, depression or quality of life (QoL) were included. Eligible RCTs were identified through search of MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, OTseeker, PEDro (18 June 2021) and Google and Google Scholar (21 June 2021). The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Randomised Controlled Trials Checklist was used to assess risk of bias. Meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were undertaken. The certainty of evidence was assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework. RESULTS Fifteen RCTs (1356 adult participants) were included. Evidence for stress and anxiety (primary outcomes), as well as depression and QoL (secondary outcomes), were mixed and conflicting. The certainty of the evidence was low to very low. CONCLUSION An unequivocal recommendation supporting reflexology cannot be made. Greater utilisation of well-established reporting guidelines, together with increased investment in well-designed, high-quality clinical research are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Jie Tian
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Yasamin Veziari
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Leach
- Southern Cross University, Lismore Campus, Military Road, East Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia.
| | - Saravana Kumar
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
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Norheim AJ, Fønnebø VM, Lindeland JP, Varpe T, Stub T, Bigset C, Kristoffersen AE. Reflexology for acute rhinosinusitis - Results from a blinded, early-phase comparative trial. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:36-41. [PMID: 35961842 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reflexology is commonly used as an adjunct to conventional treatment by patients with respiratory tract infections. The effect of reflexology needs to be tested in a full-scale randomized controlled study. Small early-phase trials can give an indication on whether full-size clinical trials are warranted. The objective of this study is to determine whether the study design is feasible in a full-scale study of reflexology as an add-on to usual care compared to usual care alone in acute rhinosinusitis, and further if there is a statistical indication of an effect of reflexology warranting a full-scale study. METHODS 20 patients with symptoms compatible with acute rhinosinusitis, and an illness duration of 28 days or less were randomized to additional reflexology treatment along with usual medical care, or usual care alone. The patients scored how much each of 16 sinus-related symptoms bothered them in the past few days on a six-point scale (zero = no problem to five = severe problem). To determine if there is a statistical indication of an effect of reflexology warranting a full-scale study, the separation test was used. RESULTS The methodology was considered feasible and could therefore be applied in a full-scale study of reflexology for acute rhinosinusitis. The mean reduction in symptom score from baseline to day two was 0.95 in the reflexology group and 0.78 in the control group. From baseline to day ten the mean reduction in symptom score was 2.12 in the reflexology group and 1.63 in the control group. A statistical indication of effect in a full-scale study in favor of reflexology was found from baseline to day ten but not from baseline to day two. CONCLUSIONS The research methodology in this study could be used in a full-scale study of reflexology in acute sinusitis. The results from the separation test indicates an effect warranting a full-scale study of reflexology regarding effects in acute sinusitis ten days after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Johan Norheim
- National Research Centre of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM), Institute of Community Medicine, Uit The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
| | - Vinjar Magne Fønnebø
- National Research Centre of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM), Institute of Community Medicine, Uit The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | | | - Terje Varpe
- Nøtterøy Naturmedisinske Center, Skarphagaveien 42, Nøtterøy, 3120 , Norway
| | - Trine Stub
- National Research Centre of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM), Institute of Community Medicine, Uit The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Catarina Bigset
- Vestskogen Medisinske Senter, Kjernåsveien 13A, Vestskogen, 3142, Norway
| | - Agnete Egilsdatter Kristoffersen
- National Research Centre of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM), Institute of Community Medicine, Uit The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
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Yükseltürk Şimşek N, Nacir B, Demir A. Determining the Effect of Reflexology on Nausea, Vomiting and Anxiety in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Study. Complement Med Res 2022; 29:382-392. [PMID: 35609525 DOI: 10.1159/000525034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Aim: This study was conducted in a randomized controlled manner to evaluate the effect of reflexology on nausea, vomiting and anxiety due to taxane group chemotherapeutics in patients with breast cancer. METHOD The study was conducted in the Daytime Chemotherapy Unit of Gülhane Training and Research Hospital and Ankara Training and Research Hospital from June 28 to December 20, 2019, with intervention (n=29) and control (n=29) groups. Data were collected using the Patient Description Form, the Rhodes Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching Index, and the Spielberg State/Trait Anxiety Scale. Patients in the intervention group received reflexology for a total of six weeks, once a week. The patients in the control group did not receive any treatment other than the routine maintenance of the chemotherapy unit. RESULT As a result, it was determined that 40% of all patients were 55 years or older. While nausea was observed in all patients in the intervention and control groups, vomiting was not noted in the vast majority of patients. Regarding the effect of reflexology on nausea and vomiting; although the mean scores of nausea, vomiting and retching experience, occurrence and distress in both groups were lower than the initial measurement, there was no difference between the groups. Based on the research findings, the state and trait anxiety mean scores in the intervention group decreased significantly while they increased in the control group. CONCLUSION The research showed that while reflexology did not affect nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, it was helpful in reducing anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bariş Nacir
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayten Demir
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Thana K, Sikorskii A, Lehto R, Guhaniyogi P, Brewer S, Victorson D, Pace T, Badger T, Wyatt G. Family caregivers of those with cancer: quality of life outcomes from a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:5891-5902. [PMID: 35378595 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a secondary analysis focused on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among caregivers engaged in a 12-week complementary therapy sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) of reflexology and/or meditative practices (MP), to manage cancer patients' symptoms. METHODS In this SMART, patient-caregiver dyads were initially randomized to 4 weeks of caregiver-delivered reflexology for the patient (N = 150), MP with the patient (N = 150), or control (N = 47). After 4 weeks, dyads with patients not improving on fatigue (non-responders, n = 69 to reflexology and n = 57 to MP) were re-randomized to continue the same therapy or add the other therapy for an additional 4 weeks. Week-12 caregiver HRQOL was measured using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Profile-29 and the Caregiver Reaction Assessment Tool (CRAT) for caregiver burden; scores were analyzed using general linear models. RESULTS In the comparison of 4 adaptive intervention sequences: reflexology for 8 weeks, reflexology for 4 weeks followed by MP for 4 weeks if no response to reflexology, MP for 8 weeks, and MP for 4 weeks followed by reflexology for 4 weeks if no response to MP, there were no differences in PROMIS-29 scores. However, CRAT domains of impact on schedule, family support, and finances worsened when adding reflexology after the first 4 weeks of MP. The CRAT domain of health worsened by adding either intervention compared to continuing the same one. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware that caregiver engagement in more than one complementary therapy may increase caregiver burden in some domains but not affect other HRQOL domains. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02759146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Thana
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, 110/406 Inthawaroros Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Alla Sikorskii
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road, Room 32, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rebecca Lehto
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Pratim Guhaniyogi
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, 619 Red Cedar Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Brewer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - David Victorson
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Thaddeus Pace
- University of Arizona College of Nursing, 1305 N. Martin Ave, PO Box 210203, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Terry Badger
- University of Arizona College of Nursing, 1305 N. Martin Ave, PO Box 210203, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Gwen Wyatt
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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12
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Kabuk A, Şendir M, Filinte G. The effect of reflexology massage and passive music therapy intervention before burn dressing on pain, anxiety level and sleep quality. Burns 2021; 48:1743-1752. [PMID: 34955298 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pain, anxiety, and sleep disorders that burn patients experience due to burn dressing negatively affect their treatment process. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of reflexology massage and passive music therapy intervention before burn dressing on pain, anxiety level and sleep quality. METHODS This study was a randomized controlled trial. The study sample consisted of 36 patients who were hospitalized in the Burn Center of a University Hospital. After obtaining written consent, patients were enrolled to study according to inclusion criteria and then, divided into Reflexology Massage (n = 12), Reflexology Massage with Passive Music Therapy (n = 12) and Control (n = 12) groups using simple random allocation. In the experimental groups, in addition to standard care, interventions were performed for consecutive three days. Interventions were done before dressing for 40 min in the patient's room. The control group received only standard care during this time. Severity of pain in three groups was measured using "Visual Analog Scale" twice a day (before dressing change and 2 h after dressing change). Severity of state anxiety and sleep quality in three groups was measured using "State Anxiety Scale" and "Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire" once a day (before dressing change). Severity of trait anxiety in three groups was measured using "Trait Anxiety Scale" for two times (before and after study). The drugs used by the patients for 3 days were recorded in the "Opioid and Analgesic Drug Form." Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-square, Independent Samples T-test, One-Way ANOVA, Bonferroni, Paired Sample T-Test, Repeated Measures ANOVA tests were used. RESULTS The results showed no significant difference in severity of pain, anxiety, and sleep quality (p > 0,05) between the three groups on the first day. However, the mean pain scores showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the third (p < 0,05) and fourth (p < 0001) days after intervention. Anxiety scores also showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups on the fourth (p < 0001) day. Sleep quality of the experimental groups was higher than the control group on the fourth day (p < 00001). No significant difference using of opioid and analgesic drugs between the three groups (p > 0,05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed reflexology massage and passive music therapy before burn dressing reduced pain and anxiety level, and increased sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kabuk
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - M Şendir
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Filinte
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Miralizadeh A, Peyman A, Jamali Soltani N, Ashktorab T. Comparison of the Effect of Foot and Palm Reflexology Massage on Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Infants under Noninvasive Ventilation. Complement Med Res 2021; 29:100-108. [PMID: 34818220 DOI: 10.1159/000517982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory distress is one of the life-threatening conditions in preterm infants. Sensory deprivation in preterm infants hospitalized in the intensive care units affects their physiological and psychological development. Therefore, this study is an attempt to compare the effects of foot and palm reflexology on respiratory distress in infants subjected to noninvasive ventilation. METHODS In this clinical study, 150 infants hospitalized at Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan were randomly assigned to 3 groups. In the intervention groups, the reflexology massage to foot and palm was performed for 10 min within 3 days in 6 rounds. In the control group, leg warming was performed. In each group, the personal information checklist, the respiratory distress score, oxygen saturation percentage, and respiratory rate before and after the daily intervention were examined. Data analysis was performed using the standard statistical tests in SPSS. RESULTS The results mirrored the statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups 3 days into the intervention with regard to the average oxygen saturation percentage, respiratory rate, and the respiratory distress score (p < 0.05). When eliminating the effect of confounding variables, therapeutic intervention applied to palm compared to foot had a greater effect on reducing respiratory distress score in the studied infants. CONCLUSION The reflexology massage method, especially palm reflexology massage, contributes to the mitigation of respiratory distress in preterm infants subjected to noninvasive ventilation. Hence, this low-cost and efficient intervention program can be recommended as a complementary method for preterm infants with respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysan Miralizadeh
- Department of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Peyman
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jamali Soltani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Fatemieh Hospital, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ashktorab
- Department of Management, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Aliashraf Jodat M, Alilu L, Ahangarzadeh Rezayee S, Gharaaghaji Asl R. Effects of Reflexology on the Pain Intensity among Patients with Depression after Receiving Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Caring Sci 2021; 10:129-136. [PMID: 34849356 PMCID: PMC8609114 DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2021.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the high effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have made this treatment a useful intervention. Memory impairment, headache, and muscle pain are the most important complications after ECT. This research aimed to determine the effect of reflexology on the headache and muscle pain intensity of patients after receiving ECT. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Razi teaching hospital of Urmia, Iran. A total of 56 patients with depression receiving ECT were randomly assigned into two equal groups of control (n=28) and intervention (n=28). In the intervention group, reflexology was performed for 20 minutes at reflex points and, in the control group, only the conventional measures were taken. Pain intensity was measured with visual analogue scale (VAS) before and 1, 6, and 24 hours after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 13. Furthermore, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and repeated-measures tests were performed. Results: The mean difference in the severity of headache and muscle pain in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Moreover, the results demonstrated a significant difference between the mean headache and muscle pain in the two groups after the intervention. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the positive effect of reflexology on reducing the intensity of pain in patients receiving ECT. Thus, it is recommended that nurses, health care providers, and caregivers use reflexology to reduce pain in patients with depression receiving ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Aliashraf Jodat
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leyla Alilu
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sohila Ahangarzadeh Rezayee
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rasool Gharaaghaji Asl
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Göral Türkcü S, Özkan S. The effects of reflexology on anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with gynecological cancers with reference to Watson's theory of human caring. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 44:101428. [PMID: 34157494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effects of reflexology based on Watson's theory of human caring on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in gynecological cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest and a control group. The clinical trial was conducted at a university hospital in the Aegean region between October 2016 and June 2018. It was completed with 62 women, of whom 31 were in the intervention group and 31 were in the control group. Data were collected by using a personal information form, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30-version 3.0. RESULTS Anxiety and depression levels were lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Besides, the quality of life was higher in the intervention group than in the control group. Reflexology significantly reduced symptoms due to chemotherapy, such as fatigue, pain, insomnia, and loss of appetite. Although there was a decrease in symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation immediately after reflexology, an increase in symptoms was observed in the intervention group two weeks later. CONCLUSION These results showed that reflexology based on Watson's theory of human caring is effective in reduction of anxiety and depression and improves the quality of life in gynecological cancer patients during chemotherapy. It can be suggested that offering reflexology at certain intervals during chemotherapy will increase the duration of its effect.
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Karatas N, Isler Dalgic A. Is foot reflexology effective in reducing colic symptoms in infants: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2021; 59:102732. [PMID: 33984498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infantile colic and its accompanying crying represent a major source of stress and have negative physiological, emotional and psychological effects on infants and parents. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of foot reflexology for reducing symptoms of infantile colic. DESIGN The study was conducted as a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a sample population of 45 infants diagnosed with infantile colic. METHODS Simple randomization was used to select a reflexology (study) group (n = 20) and a placebo group of infants with colic (n = 25). The parents and biostatistician were blinded to group assessment. Foot reflexology, or stimulating reflex points on the foot, was implemented with the reflexology group. Placebo foot reflexology, or noneffective touch, was used with the placebo group. Over a two-week period, both interventions were performed four times for 20 min each time by the researcher. The researcher collected data using the information form, the Infant Colic Scale (ICS), and a diary of daily crying duration. RESULTS The trial ended with the completion of the data. In each group, 20 infants were studied. The means of the Infant Colic Scale scores and daily crying duration were significantly lower in the foot-reflexology group than in the placebo foot-reflexology group (p < .001). Infants with colic in the reflexology group cried less and experienced fewer symptoms than before treatment. CONCLUSIONS Foot reflexology is a non-invasive and safe nursing intervention that is effective for reducing crying duration and symptoms in infants with colic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimet Karatas
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Aysegul Isler Dalgic
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Antalya, Turkey.
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Alinejad Machiani S, Namdar Areshtanab H, Ebrahimi H, Sarbakhsh P, Noorazar SG, Goljarian S. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Amnesia in Patients Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Caring Sci 2021; 10:15-21. [PMID: 33816380 PMCID: PMC8008232 DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2021.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the oldest procedure among the early biological treatments introduced in psychiatry. However, the most debated and treatment-limiting adverse effect of ECT is amnesia. Therefore, due to the restriction of the use of drugs to manage amnesia in patients undergoing ECT, the present study investigated the effect of reflexology on amnesia. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 68 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received foot reflexology with olive oil 20 minutes a day for 3 days, while the control group was given a gentle foot rub with olive oil 20 minutes a day for 3 days. The amnesia rate of all patients was measured by the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) 30 minutes after the end of ECT. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.5 and t-test, chi-squared test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The results showed that reflexology significantly increased recalling scores in the intervention group compared to the control group. Foot reflexology seems to be effective in managing amnesia in patients after ECT. Conclusion: Foot reflexology, as a relatively simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive technique with few side effects, can be used to manage amnesia in patients after ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alinejad Machiani
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Namdar Areshtanab
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sakineh Goljarian
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Jazayeri Z, Sajadi M, Dalvand H, Zolfaghari M. Comparison of the effect of foot reflexology and body massage on physiological indicators and bilirubin levels in neonates under phototherapy. Complement Ther Med 2021; 59:102684. [PMID: 33609634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems in infancy in the world. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of foot therapy and body massage on physiological indicators and bilirubin levels in infants under phototherapy. METHODS This study was a randomized clinical trial that conducted on 51 infants with jaundice at Imam Hussein Pediatrics' Medical Center, Goldis Hospital in Isfahan (Iran). The samples randomly assigned to first intervention (reflexology), second intervention (body massage) and control groups using the block randomization. In the reflexology group, the relevant area on each foot was massaged for 15 min in a relaxed position. In the massage body group, the limbs were massaged with circular motion. The massage was performed once a day for 15 min and the control group did not receive any intervention. Physiological indicators were monitored using vital sign monitoring tools, and blood bilirubin levels were measured photo metrically (intravenous blood samples from the wrist). Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software version 18. RESULTS The results showed that before the intervention there was no significant difference in the mean of physiological indicators and bilirubin level between the three groups (p > 0.05), but after the intervention the average percentage of arterial oxygen saturation and bilirubin levels were significantly improved in the intervention groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while the mean of heart rate and respiration rate between the three groups were not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that reflexology and massage therapy can be effective in improving the condition of physiological indicators and blood bilirubin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jazayeri
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Mahbobeh Sajadi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Hamid Dalvand
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Sayari S, Nobahar M, Ghorbani R. Effect of foot reflexology on chest pain and anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A double blind randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 42:101296. [PMID: 33348306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot reflexology on chest pain and anxiety in patients with AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a double blind randomized clinical trial. Stratified random sampling was carried out on 90 patients with AMI in the three groups of treatment, placebo and control. Foot reflexology was done for three consecutive days, each time for 20 min. Chest pain and anxiety were evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale before, immediately and 20 min later. RESULTS 20 min after the intervention, severity of chest pain in treatment group was significantly lower than control group (p < 0.001) and placebo group (p = 0.002). Severity of anxiety between groups and at different times was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Foot reflexology was effective in attenuating chest pain, had the most effect in 20 min after intervention, and can be used to relieve chest pain in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Sayari
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Monir Nobahar
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Raheb Ghorbani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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20
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Aksu S, Palas Karaca P. The Effect of Reflexology on Lactation in Women Who Had Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Complement Med Res 2021; 28:336-343. [PMID: 33477165 DOI: 10.1159/000513924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The research was conducted as a randomized controlled pilot study to evaluate the effects of reflexology on lactation in mothers who delivered by cesarean section (CS). METHODS A single-blind randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with a total of 60 postpartum women in the reflexology application (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). After the CS, the mothers in the control group were given approximately 3-h routine nursing care after recovering from the effects of anesthesia; the introductory information form was applied, and the Breastfeeding Charting System and Documentation Tool (LATCH) and visual analog scale (VAS) for the signs of the onset of lactation were implemented on the first and second days. Reflexology was applied to the women in the intervention group after an average of 3 h following the mother's condition had become stable and she had recovered from the effects of anesthesia. Reflexology was applied a total of 20 min - 10 min for the right foot, 10 min for the left foot - twice a day with 8-h intervals on the first and second days after CS. After the last reflexology application, the LATCH and VAS for the signs of the onset of lactation were applied. RESULTS Of the women, 70% breastfed their babies within 60 min after delivery; 46.7% of the mothers received breastfeeding training and 81.7% needed support for breastfeeding after the CS. The LATCH breastfeeding scores of the women in the intervention group on both days were significantly higher compared to those of the women in the control group (p < 0.001). On the first day after the CS, apart from breast pain, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of breast heat and breast tension (p > 0.05). On the second day after the CS, apart from breast tension, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of breast heat and breast pain (p < 0.05). In the study, women in the intervention group were found to have higher scores in terms of all three symptoms compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the study, it was determined that LATCH scores and signs of the onset of breastfeeding increased in the mothers who received reflexology after CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevde Aksu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey,
| | - Pelin Palas Karaca
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
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21
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Smith TA, Thurgood SL. A pragmatic case series of clients living with medically diagnosed migraines self-referred to reflexology. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 41:101230. [PMID: 33007655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Migraine affects approximately 2% of the population of the UK with around 190,000 people experiencing a migraine daily. This study investigated the effectiveness of reflexology on migraine symptoms provided under pragmatic, personally funded conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was gathered on a case series of 20 reflexology clients with medically diagnosed migraine. All participants self-referred to a member of the Association of Reflexologists (AoR). The Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP) was completed at each appointment. All participants received six reflexology sessions. RESULTS In terms of an improvement in the overall MYMOP profile, 75% (n = 15) of clients had an improvement of two or more points. The minimal clinically important difference for the MYMOP change score is 1.0; this was achieved by 90% (n = 18) of participants. The mean difference in scores for each of the MYMOP aspects was calculated and the greatest improvement was found with symptom 1, their chosen primary symptom, which changed an average of 3.40 points (95% CI: 2.35, 4.45.) CONCLUSION: The results indicate the potential for reflexology to relieve the symptoms of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Smith
- Tracey A Smith, Association of Reflexology, Victoria House, Victoria Street, Taunton, Somerset, TA1 3FA, UK.
| | - Sarah L Thurgood
- Kaplan Open Learning, Westgate, 6 Grace Street, Leeds, LS1 2RP, UK
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22
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Abstract
Reflexology lymph drainage (RLD) for breast cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL) may have a positive impact on arm swelling and pain. Thermal imaging is a means of tracking temperature change by visual images. This study aimed to explore the use of thermal imaging in treatment for BCRL. The swollen arms of two participants with BCRL were photographed using a thermal imaging camera during a single RLD treatment. Limb Volume Circumferential Measurement (LVCM) of both arms was taken before, after and the next day. The images were examined for visual changes, and temperature data were extracted. Images showed differences in temperature within the affected hand and arm over 45 minutes. LVCM data indicated a loss of limb volume in the affected arm in both cases, which continued to decrease over 24 hours. Thus, thermal imaging may be useful in tracking temperature change during treatment for BCRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Anne Whatley
- Senior Lecturer, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University
| | - Sally Kay
- Reflexologist, Trainer in Reflexology Lymphatic Drainage, Newport, South Wales
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Yaqi H, Nan J, Ying C, Xiaojun Z, Lijuan Z, Yulu W, Siqi W, Shixiang C, Yue Z. Foot reflexology in the management of functional constipation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 40:101198. [PMID: 32891277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot reflexology has been considered an important complementary therapy for many health-related symptoms, especially for some chronic conditions such as anxiety, stress, pain and fatigue. Some studies also showed that foot reflexology had a significant effect on functional constipation, whereas some studies did not. The effect of foot reflexology on functional constipation remains controversial. Therefore, an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials were conducted to investigate the effect of foot reflexology on functional constipation. METHODS Randomised controlled trials were identified by searching five electronic databases and hand-searching eligible reference lists. Studies that reported the effect of foot reflexology on functional constipation were included. Two reviewers performed the study screening, quality assessment and data extraction. Any discrepancy was discussed with a third reviewer. Quantitative synthesis was conducted for the same outcome measurements by calculating weighted risk ratios. RESULTS A total of 203 records were identified, of which seven were eligible. Overall, foot reflexology significantly increased the curative ratio, with a pooled risk ratio of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.40, p < 0.00001). Three trials compared the improvement of constipation-related symptoms after intervention in both the experimental and control groups by evaluating the constipation-related symptom scores. The results all showed that foot reflexology can effectively improve constipation-related symptoms. However, one trial reported that foot reflexology had no significant effect on stool frequency and stool consistency. Two studies indicated that foot reflexology significantly reduced the recurrence rate of functional constipation. One study reported the effect of foot reflexology on compliance with the toilet training, diet and motivation. Nevertheless, no significant improvement was detected. CONCLUSION Foot reflexology is an effective complementary therapy for treating functional constipation. However, because of the small number of included studies and their small sample sizes, the current evidence was insufficient to support the effectiveness of foot reflexology in reducing the recurrence rate, improving the constipation-related symptom, and compliance with toilet training, diet and motivation. Randomised controlled trials with long-term follow-up are needed for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Yaqi
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China.
| | - Jiang Nan
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China.
| | - Chen Ying
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China.
| | - Zhang Xiaojun
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China.
| | - Zhang Lijuan
- School of Nursing, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wang Yulu
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China.
| | - Wei Siqi
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China.
| | - Chen Shixiang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China.
| | - Zhao Yue
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China.
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Davodabady F, Naseri-Salahshour V, Sajadi M, Mohtarami A, Rafiei F. Randomized controlled trial of the foot reflexology on pain and anxiety severity during dressing change in burn patients. Burns 2020; 47:215-221. [PMID: 32739224 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most important problems in burn patients was pain, especially in dressing changes. This pain can lead to anxiety in the patient. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot reflexology on pain and anxiety severity in burn patients. METHODS This study was a randomized controlled trial, in which 66 patients with burn injuries referred to Vali-e-asr Hospital, Arak, Iran participated. After obtaining written consent, patients were enrolled to study according to inclusion criteria and then, divided into intervention (n = 33) and control (n = 33) groups using simple random allocation. In the intervention group, in addition to standard care, reflexology was performed for one week on Saturday, Monday and Wednesday (three times in a week). The intervention was done one hour before dressing change in a separate room for 30 min. The control group received only standard care during this time (both intervention and control groups were the same in the type of treatment, and reflexology was considered as an extra care in the intervention group). Severity of pain and anxiety in both groups was measured using visual analog scale twice a day (5-10 min before dressing change and 5-10 min after dressing change) for six days. SPSS software ver. 15 was used for statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables and qualitative variables were reported as frequency and percentage. Data were analyzed using Chi‑square, Mann-Whitney, Fisher's exact tests, and paired t-test. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of data. RESULTS The results showed no significant difference in severity of pain (p = 0.25) and anxiety (p = 0.37) between the two groups on the first day, before the intervention. In the following days, the results showed no significant difference between the two groups in the second and third treatments after intervention . However, the mean pain scores showed a significant difference between the two groups in the forth (p = 0.005), fifth (p = 0.001), and sixth (p = 0.001) days after intervention. Anxiety scores also showed a significant difference between the two groups on the fourth (p = 0.01), fifth (p = 0.001), and sixth (p = 0.001) days. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed foot reflexology is an appropriate and safe intervention for management of pain and anxiety of burn patients. Therefore, it can be used as a complementary method alongside other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Davodabady
- Clinical Research Development Center of Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | | | - Mahbobeh Sajadi
- Clinical Research Development Center of Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Rafiei
- School of Health, Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Karatas N, Dalgic AI. Effects of reflexology on child health: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2020; 50:102364. [PMID: 32444044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that the parents of one of every two children who need health care seek at least one complementary health-care approach. Reflexology, which is one of these, increases well-being while maintaining the continuity of homeostasis. As studies with children are limited, there is a need for evidence that includes the positive as well as the negative effects of reflexology that can be transferred to clinical practice and recommendations for future studies. AIM The aim of this study was to examine the effects of reflexology on child health by systematically summarizing the results obtained. METHOD In this study, which was structured as a systematic review, data were obtained by scanning CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Complete, WoS, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and ProQuest. According to MeSH terminology, (zone therapy OR reflexology OR foot massage OR hand massage) AND (pediatrics OR child OR infant OR baby) were used. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses conducted with a pediatric population and accessible in English and full text up to 07.08.2019 (with no time limitation) were included. Exclusion criteria for the present study included applying a massage procedure different from reflexology, the inclusion of an adult sample, or publication of the article in a predatory journal. The Cochrane guidelines (Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.2.0, 2017) were applied and the article reported on according to the PRISMA checklist. RESULTS In all six of the RCTs, which included a total of 277 infants and children, the only method used was foot reflexology. Regarding the results of nine investigated outcomes, reflexology was found to be effective in infancy for reducing pain level and regulating heart rate, for increasing oxygen saturation, for relieving infantile colic symptoms, and neonatal abstinence symptoms. Reflexology was also found to decrease spasticity and improve motor skills in children with cerebral palsy, but it failed to produce positive change in regard to constipation and quality of life. Four of the studies were performed in a nursing context, one in midwifery, and one in physiotherapy. CONCLUSION As a common result of the studies conducted with different sample groups, it is possible that reflexology had positive effects on children. However, the absence of standardization related to reflexology, inadequate use of a study protocol and guidelines, the heterogeneity of the data, and the determination that half the studies were conducted with high-risk groups according to the bias analysis with RoB 2.0 indicate that it is too soon to generalize the results. Well-structured, randomized controlled double-blind trials are required.
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Sikorskii A, Niyogi PG, Victorson D, Tamkus D, Wyatt G. Symptom response analysis of a randomized controlled trial of reflexology for symptom management among women with advanced breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:1395-404. [PMID: 31267277 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine symptom responses resulting from a home-based reflexology intervention delivered by a friend/family caregivers to women with advanced breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, targeted, and/or hormonal therapy. METHODS Patient-caregiver dyads (N = 256) were randomized to 4 weekly reflexology sessions or attention control. Caregivers in the intervention group were trained by a reflexology practitioner in a 30-min protocol. During the 4 weeks, both groups completed telephone symptom assessments using the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory. Those who completed at least one weekly call were included in this secondary analysis (N = 209). Each symptom was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe using established interference-based cut-points. Symptom response meant an improvement by at least one category or remaining mild. Symptom responses were treated as multiple events within patients and analyzed using generalized estimating equations technique. RESULTS Reflexology was more successful than attention control in producing responses for pain (OR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.05, 3.23), p = 0.03), with no significant differences for other symptoms. In the reflexology group, greater probability of response across all symptoms was associated with lower number of comorbid condition and lower depressive symptomatology at baseline. Compared to odds of responses on pain (chosen as a referent symptom), greater odds of symptom response were found for disturbed sleep and difficulty remembering with older aged participants. CONCLUSIONS Home-based caregiver-delivered reflexology was helpful in decreasing patient-reported pain. Age, comorbid conditions, and depression are potentially important tailoring factors for future research and can be used to identify patients who may benefit from reflexology. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01582971.
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Ofner M, Liebhauser M, Walach H. Power Point Therapy: An Effective and Simple Treatment for Subacute Back Pain - A Randomized Controlled Trial. Complement Med Res 2019; 26:80-92. [PMID: 30897567 DOI: 10.1159/000494458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subacute low back pain is a frequent problem with the danger of chronification. Conventional treatment options are not always effective. Power Point therapy (PPT) is a novel approach that uses reflexological insights and can be easily applied by practitioners and patients. METHODS Randomized, active controlled study comparing 10 units of PPT of 10 min each, with 10 units of standard physiotherapy of 30 min each. Outcomes were functional scores (Roland Morris Disability, Oswestry, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Linton-Halldén - primary outcome) and health-related quality of life (SF-36), as well as blinded assessments by clinicians (secondary outcome). RESULTS Eighty patients consented and were randomized, 41 to PPT, 39 to physiotherapy. Measurements were taken at baseline, after the first and after the last treatment (approximately 5 weeks after enrolment). Multivariate linear models of covariance showed significant effects of time and group (p < 0.001) and for the quality of life variables also a significant interaction of time by group (p < 0.001). Clinician-documented variables showed significant differences at follow-up (p = 0.05 to p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION Both physiotherapy and PPT improve subacute low back pain significantly. PPT is likely more effective and should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ofner
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria, .,Medyco International, Dubai, United Arab Emirates,
| | | | - Harald Walach
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Medical University Poznan, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Psychology, University Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany.,Change Health Science Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Kapila AK, Herd A, Knife N, Chaplin P, Patel A. A Prospective Cohort Study on the Impact of Reflexology in Patients With Breast Cancer Using the MYCaW Scale. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:e319-e326. [PMID: 30691931 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer treatment and recovery remain physically and psychologically challenging for patients. Reflexology has been studied as a complementary therapy to help relieve patients of the physical and psychological stresses involved with breast cancer. As a result of recent positive evidence, we studied its effects quantitatively from 2015 to 2016. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-two patients completed pre- and post-reflexology intervention 'Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing' (MYCaW) questionnaires. Patients were subdivided into breast cancer (BC) and non-breast cancer (NBC) groups. Concerns raised were subdivided in subcategory groups as per MYCaW guidelines and analyzed for improvements in each domain. RESULTS Thirty (57.7%) patients in the BC group and 22 (42.3%) patients in the NBC group were analyzed. In the BC group, there was a 46.2% improvement in patients' concerns, and in the NBC group, a 41.4% improvement in concerns were noted. Overall, the symptoms improved by 44.2% (P < .0001). There was an improvement of 43.4% in patient well-being in the BC group, and a 37.8% change in the NBC group, signifying a total improvement in well-being of 41.2%. There was an improvement of 46.4% in the MYCaW scores; 46.4% in the BC group and 42.6% in the NBC group, signifying a combined average improvement of 42.4%. Patients with poor energy level, sleep problems, stress and tension, and hot flushes and sweats experienced the most improvement in their concerns. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that reflexology has significantly improved patient-reported outcomes using the MYCaW scale. These findings are encouraging and reflect that increased attention to strategies focusing on improving psychological well-being can help patients in managing their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush K Kapila
- The Breast Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, United Kingdom.
| | - Allison Herd
- The Breast Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Knife
- The Breast Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, United Kingdom
| | - Pauly Chaplin
- The Breast Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, United Kingdom
| | - Ashraf Patel
- The Breast Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, United Kingdom
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Luo Z, Wang L, Sikorskii A, Wyatt G. Healthcare service utilization and work-related productivity in reflexology intervention for advanced breast cancer women. Support Care Cancer 2018; 27:2837-2847. [PMID: 30552595 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This project's purpose was to determine the effects of a home-based reflexology intervention on symptom-related use of health services and work-related productivity during the 11-week study. METHODS A total of 256 patients were randomized to four weekly reflexology sessions (each lasting 30 min, delivered by lay caregivers who received two training sessions by a professional reflexologist) or attention control. The Conventional Health Service and Productivity Costs Form was used to collect information on health service utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure of symptom management. The Health and Work Performance Questionnaire was used to measure workplace performance for patients during the study period. We used weighted and unweighted logistic and linear regression analyses. RESULTS Patients in the reflexology group were less likely to have hospital visits compared to the control group in the weighted unadjusted (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.25, 0.97]), unweighted adjusted (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = [0.16, 0.75]), and weighted adjusted (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = [0.13, 0.66]) logistic regressions. Compared to attention control, patients in the reflexology group had lower relative absenteeism in the unweighted adjusted (- 0.32; 95% CI = [- 0.60, - 0.03]) linear regressions and less absolute presenteeism (15.42, 95% CI = [0.87, 29.98]) in the weighted unadjusted analysis. CONCLUSION The reflexology intervention delivered by lay caregivers reduced hospital visits and increased workplace productivity in a short-term period, which has potential for cost saving for health care systems and employers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01582971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA.
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, USA
| | - Alla Sikorskii
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gwen Wyatt
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Silverdale N, Wherry M, Roodhouse A. Massage and reflexology for post-operative cancer cystectomy patients: Evaluation of a pilot service. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019; 34:109-12. [PMID: 30712712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and purpose: Radical cystectomy is a gold standard treatment for invasive bladder cancer. However the length of the operation is long and recovery is usually slow and painful. There is growing recognition of the importance of health related quality of life among patients undergoing invasive surgical procedures. In response, a massage and reflexology service was piloted and evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hour of massage, reflexology or a combination of both was provided twice to 38 cystectomy patients by a trained therapist in their acute post-operative phase (day one and day three). Self-reported concerns, well-being and pain were measured before and immediately after the therapy. Pain was measured once more in the early evening of each therapy day. RESULTS Self-reported concerns and pain were significantly reduced following the intervention on both days treatments were given. Pain was measured again on the evening of each of the intervention days, and this reduction was maintained on day one but not day three. Well-being scores were also significantly improved pre to post intervention on both day one and day three. Qualitative comments highlighted that this complementary therapy service was viewed both beneficial and relaxing. There were no significant differences between the different therapies used (massage, reflexology, or a combination of the two). CONCLUSION The findings of this pilot evaluation very tentatively support the benefits of cancer cystectomy patients receiving massage and/or reflexology in their acute postoperative recovery period. There are many limitations to this evaluation. Further research utilising a randomised control methodology alongside medical, independent markers is warranted, and currently in development.
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Özkan F, Zincir H. Opinions and observations of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy about changes seen after reflexology: A qualitative study. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 31:242-247. [PMID: 29705462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the effect of reflexology on the problems of children with cerebral palsy from perspective of caregivers. Qualitative study was made after 24-session reflexology program. 12 caregivers who have 2-18 year-old children with spastic type cerebral palsy receiving special education and received reflexology. The thematic questions were determined and in-depth interviews were conducted. Themes of the study were determined as; the caregiver's views on reflexology, the effect of reflexology on health of children with CP and the caregivers' observations on child after reflexology therapy, positive and negative aspects and causes of reflexology treatment. As a results; the caregivers expressed that there were increases in self-confidence of children, improvement in walking, reduced spasticity, relaxation, decreases in constipation, and increases in communication, speech and perception after reflexology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Özkan
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Erciyes University Faculty of Health Sciences, Turkey.
| | - Handan Zincir
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Erciyes University Faculty of Health Sciences, Turkey.
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Attias S, Schiff E, Arnon Z, Ben-Arye E, Keshet Y, Sroka G, Matter I, Boker LK. Development and validation of a tool to evaluate Inpatient Beliefs, Expectations and Attitudes toward Reflexology (IBEAR-16). Complement Ther Med 2018; 37:69-76. [PMID: 29609941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of manual therapies, including reflexology, into conventional care settings is growing extensively. Patients' beliefs, attitudes and expectations toward these therapies interact with their outcomes, but currently there are no validated tools to evaluate these factors. We aimed to design and to validate such a tool specifically targeted into reflexology. METHODS Following input of a multidisciplinary team of experts, the self-administered Inpatient Beliefs, Expectations and Attitudes toward Reflexology (IBEAR) questionnaire was constructed, containing 25 items, 8 referring to demographics and 17 specifically addressing reflexology. Cronbach's alpha was computed to evaluate the questionnaire's internal reliability, and factor analysis was used for further validation (232 patients). Pearson coefficient and Kappa tests were used to test and retest (within 48 hours) the questionnaire on a group of 199 patients, to assure clarity and reliability. RESULTS For the 232 questionnaires collected, the computed Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.716 (acceptable reliability). Factor analysis pointed to two content areas separated into four items addressing attitudes and expectations and five items focusing on beliefs and attitudes. In the test-retest stage, 199 participants filled in the questionnaire for a second time. The Pearson coefficient for all questions ranged between 0.73 and 0.94 (good to excellent correlation) and Kappa scores ranged between 0.66 and 1.0 (moderate to high reliability). Consequently, one of the questions was removed from the IBEAR. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that the proposed IBEAR questionnaire with 16 items is a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of inpatients' beliefs, expectations and attitudes toward reflexology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Attias
- Complementary & Integrative Surgery Service, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, Haifa 31048, Israel; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
| | - Elad Schiff
- Complementary & Integrative Surgery Service, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, Haifa 31048, Israel; Internal Medicine Department, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, Haifa 31048, Israel.
| | - Zahi Arnon
- Complementary & Integrative Surgery Service, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, Haifa 31048, Israel; Yezreel Valley Academic College, Emek Yezreel, Israel.
| | - Eran Ben-Arye
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Integrative Oncology Program, the Oncology Service and Lin Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yael Keshet
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Western Galilee Academic College, Acre, Israel.
| | - Gideon Sroka
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of General Surgery, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, Haifa 31048, Israel.
| | - Ibrahim Matter
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of General Surgery, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, Haifa 31048, Israel.
| | - Lital Keinan Boker
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Israel.
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Kurt S, Can G. Reflexology in the management of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2017; 32:12-19. [PMID: 29353627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of reflexology on the management of symptoms and functions of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in cancer patients. METHOD This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial in 60 patients (30 experimental and 30 control patients) who had chemotherapy-induced Grade II-IV peripheral neuropathy complaints from July 2013 to November 2015. Data were collected using the patient identification form, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (EORTC-CIPN-20) form, and BPI (used for related chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms). RESULTS The majority of the patients were being treated for gastrointestinal or breast cancer and were primarily receiving Eloxatine- or taxane-based treatment. It was found that reflexology applications did not lead to differences in either group in terms of peripheral neuropathy severity and incidence (p > 0.05) and only led to improvement in sensory functions in the experimental group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was determined that reflexology is not an effective method in the management of patients' activity levels, walking ability etc. and motor, autonomic functions related CIPN, but reflexology is effective method in the management of patients' sensory functions related CIPN. Key Words: Peripheral neuropathy, reflexology, chemotherapy, EORTC QLQ-CIPN-20, BPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kurt
- Trakya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Nursing, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Gulbeyaz Can
- Florence Nightingale School of Nursing Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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McCullough JEM, Close C, Liddle SD, Sinclair M, Hughes CM. A pilot randomised controlled trial exploring the effects of antenatal reflexology on labour outcomes. Midwifery 2017; 55:137-44. [PMID: 29024881 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to investigate the effects of antenatal reflexology on labour outcomes. DESIGN secondary analysis of a pilot three-armed randomised controlled trial conducted between July 2012 and September 2013. SETTING a large UK inner city hospital maternity department. PARTICIPANTS ninety primiparous women with a singleton pregnancy experiencing low back and / or pelvic girdle pain. INTERVENTIONS six weekly 30-minute reflexology treatments compared to sham (footbath) treatments or usual antenatal care only. MEASUREMENTS labour outcome data including labour onset, duration of the second stage of labour, epidural and Entonox usage, and mode of delivery. Participant feedback was collected prior to each treatment. FINDINGS labour outcomes were collected for 61 women (95.3%) who completed the study. The second stage of labour duration data, available for 42 women (62.5%) who had vaginal births, showed a mean reduction of 44minutes in the reflexology group (73.56minutes; SD= 53.78) compared to the usual care (117.92minutes; SD=56.15) (p<0.05) and footbath groups (117.4minutes; SD=68.54) (p=0.08). No adverse effects were reported. KEY CONCLUSIONS in this trial antenatal reflexology reduced labour duration for primiparous women who had experienced low back and/ or pelvic girdle pain during their pregnancy, compared with usual care and footbaths. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE reflexology is suitable for use during pregnancy, is safe and enjoyable and may reduce labour duration. Midwives may wish to recommend reflexology to promote normal childbirth and facilitate women centred care. TRIAL REGISTRATION this trial was listed with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register (ISRCTN26607527).
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Adly AS, Adly AS, Adly MS, Serry ZMH. Laser acupuncture versus reflexology therapy in elderly with rheumatoid arthritis. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1097-1103. [PMID: 28451815 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to determine and compare efficacy of laser acupuncture versus reflexology in elderly with rheumatoid arthritis. Thirty elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged between 60 and 70 years were classified into two groups, 15 patients each. Group A received laser acupuncture therapy (904 nm, beam area of 1cm2, power 100 mW, power density 100 mW/cm2, energy dosage 4 J, energy density 4 J/cm2, irradiation time 40 s, and frequency 100,000 Hz). The acupuncture points that were exposed to laser radiation are LR3, ST25, ST36, SI3, SI4, LI4, LI11, SP6, SP9, GB25, GB34, and HT7. While group B received reflexology therapy, both offered 12 sessions over 4 weeks. The changes in RAQoL, HAQ, IL-6, MDA, ATP, and ROM at wrist and ankle joints were measured at the beginning and end of treatment. There was significant decrease in RAQoL, HAQ, IL-6, and MDA pre/posttreatment for both groups (p < 0.05); significant increase in ATP pre/posttreatment for both groups (p < 0.05); significant increase in ankle dorsi-flexion, plantar-flexion, wrist flexion, extension, and ulnar deviation ROM pre/posttreatment in group A (p < 0.05); and significant increase in ankle dorsi-flexion and ankle plantar-flexion ROM pre/posttreatment in group B (p < 0.05). Comparison between both groups showed a statistical significant decrease in MDA and a statistical significant increase in ATP in group A than group B. Percent of changes in MDA was 41.82%↓ in group A versus 21.68%↓ in group B; changes in ATP was 226.97%↑ in group A versus 67.02%↑ in group B. Moreover, there was a statistical significant increase in ankle dorsi-flexion, ankle plantar-flexion, wrist flexion, wrist extension, and radial deviation in group A than group B. Laser therapy is associated with significant improvement in MDA and ATP greater than reflexology. In addition, it is associated with significant improvement in ankle dorsi-flexion, ankle plantar-flexion, wrist flexion, wrist extension, and radial deviation greater than reflexology in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Sedky Adly
- Medical Applications of Laser in Physical Medicine, Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular-Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Cairo University Kasr El Aini Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Sedky Adly
- Computer Science, Biomedical Informatics, Helwan University Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Sedky Adly
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Medical Applications of Laser, Cairo University Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zahra M H Serry
- Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular-Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Cairo University Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo, Egypt
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Minagawa T, Saitou T, Suzuki T, Domen T, Yokoyama H, Ishikawa M, Hirakata S, Nagai T, Nakazawa M, Ogawa T, Ishizuka O. Impact of ao-dake-humi, Japanese traditional bamboo foot stimulator, on lower urinary tract symptoms, constipation and hypersensitivity to cold: a single-arm prospective pilot study. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:513. [PMID: 27938362 PMCID: PMC5148827 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Ao-dake-humi is a traditional Japanese bamboo foot stimulator consisting of a half-pipe-shaped step made of bamboo used to stimulate the foot by stepping on it, and is commonly used to promote general health among the elderly in Japan. However, its efficacy has not been reported in the scientific literature. This study was performed to investigate the role of ao-dake-humi focusing on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), constipation, and hypersensitivity to cold (HC). Methods Participants with LUTS, constipation, or HC were enrolled in this study. Ao-dake-humi was used twice a day for 28 days. Before and 28 days after starting ao-dake-humi use, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality-of-life (QoL) score, and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) were measured to evaluate the efficacy of ao-dake-humi on LUTS. To evaluate the objective efficacy of ao-dake-humi on LUTS, a frequency-volume chart (FVC) was plotted in LUTS patients for 3 days. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the efficacy of ao-dake-humi on constipation (VAS-constipation) and HC (VAS-HC) in the participants with constipation or HC. Results A total of 24 participants were enrolled in this study. Twenty-one participants had LUTS, 11 had constipation, and 17 participants had HC. IPSS, especially storage-subscore, QoL score and OABSS, decreased significantly after use of ao-dake-humi. The use of ao-dake-humi increased maximal bladder capacity, resulting in a significant decrease in urinary frequency as determined from the FVC. In accordance with the results of VAS-constipation and VAS-HC, both constipation and HC were significantly relieved after ao-dake-humi use. Conclusion The results of this prospective pilot study indicated that ao-dake-humi is safe and has therapeutic efficacy in cases of LUTS, constipation and HC. The possibility of using ao-dake-humi as physical neuromodulation therapy was shown in the management of LUTS, constipation and HC. Trial registration UMIN000019333 (UMIN-CTR, Registered October-15-2015) retrospectively registered.
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Embong NH, Soh YC, Ming LC, Wong TW. Perspectives on reflexology: A qualitative approach. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:327-31. [PMID: 28725628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reflexology is the systematic practice of applying some pressure to particular points on the feet and hands to impact on health of related parts of the body. OBJECTIVE To explore the practitioners' perspectives of reflexology in Malaysia. METHODS Data was collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews with practitioners in Malaysia. The interviews were conducted in the Malay language and recorded. Interview conversations were translated and transcribed verbatim. Responses relating to different themes were identified in each of the interviews and a coding frame was developed. For each theme, the relevant data enabled a description of the range of views and experiences. Data collection and analysis were conducted concurrently and recruitment was stopped when saturation had been reached. All respondents gave written consent for their participation. RESULTS The findings show that reflexology treatment nowadays has been accepted as one of the ways to maintain general health. Practitioners believe that reflexology is able to detect some problems in to the body, which can make patients aware of a health condition and seek further treatment. However, if reflexology is not performed correctly, it may cause negative effects such as pain and bruises. Some practitioners voiced concern that illegal activities are taking place in unethical reflexology centers. CONCLUSIONS Empowering the practitioner as a professional would help gain the public's trust and confidence in their treatment. Strict enforcement of regulation related to illegal conduct in reflexology centers will improve people's perception of the practice.
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Rahmani A, Naseri M, Salaree MM, Nehrir B. Comparing the Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage, Foot Bath and Their Combination on Quality of Sleep in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Caring Sci 2016; 5:299-306. [PMID: 28032074 PMCID: PMC5187550 DOI: 10.15171/jcs.2016.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Many patients in coronary care unit (CCU)
suffer from decreased sleep quality caused by environmental and mental factors. This study
compared the efficacy of foot reflexology massage, foot bath, and a combination of them on
the quality of sleep of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was implemented on
ACS patients in Iran. Random sampling was used to divide the patients into four groups of
35 subjects. The groups were foot reflexology massage, foot bath, a combination of the two
and the control group. Sleep quality was measured using the Veran Snyder-Halpern
questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13. Results: The mean age of the four groups was 61.22 (11.67)
years. The mean sleep disturbance in intervention groups (foot reflexology massage and
foot bath groups) during the second and third nights was significantly less than before
intervention. The results also showed a greater reduction in sleep disturbance in the
combined group than in the other groups when compared to the control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the intervention of
foot bath and massage are effective in reducing sleep disorders and there was a
synergistic effect when used in combination. This complementary care method can be
recommended to be implemented by CCU nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahmani
- Department of Nursing, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Naseri
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Salaree
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Nehrir
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gozuyesil E, Baser M. The effect of foot reflexology applied to women aged between 40 and 60 on vasomotor complaints and quality of life. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2016; 24:78-85. [PMID: 27502805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify the effects of foot reflexology applied to women on their vasomotor complaints and quality of life. METHODS A randomised controlled study was conducted with 120 women. The experimental group received foot reflexology treatment, while the control group received nonspecific foot massage. RESULTS The mean scores for hot flashes, sweats, and night sweats, were lower in the reflexology group than the control group after the practice; and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean scores for the sub-groups of the MENQOL demonstrated improvements in both groups after the application (p < 0.001). As for the sexual domain, there was a significant improvement in the reflexology group (p < 0.05), but no improvements were found in the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Results showed that reflexology might be effective in decreasing vasomotor problems and increasing quality of life in women in the menopausal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Gozuyesil
- Cukurova University, Vocational School of Health Services, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Muruvvet Baser
- Erciyes University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department Gynecology and Obstetric Nursing, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Valizadeh L, Seyyedrasooli A, Zamanazadeh V, Nasiri K. Comparing the Effects of Reflexology and Footbath on Sleep Quality in the Elderly: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015; 17:e20111. [PMID: 26734475 PMCID: PMC4698132 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.20111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common mental disorders reported among the elderly in all countries, and with nonpharmacological interventions, they could be helped to improve their sleep quality. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two interventions, foot reflexology and foot bath, on sleep quality in elderly people. PATIENTS AND METHODS This three-group randomized clinical trial (two experimental groups and a control group) was conducted on 69 elderly men. The two experimental groups had reflexology (n = 23) and foot bath (n = 23) interventions for 6 weeks. The reflexology intervention was done in the mornings, once a week for ten minutes on each foot. The participants in the foot bath group were asked to soak their feet in 41°C to 42°C water one hour before sleeping. The pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was completed before and after the intervention through an interview process. RESULTS The results showed that the PSQI scores after intervention compared to before it in the reflexology and foot bath groups were statistically significant (P = 0.01 , P = 0.001); however, in the control group did not show a statistically significant difference (P = 0.14). In addition, the total score changes among the three groups were statistically significant (P = 0.01). Comparing the score changes of quality of sleep between the reflexology and foot bath groups showed that there was no significant difference in none of the components and the total score (P = 0.09). The two interventions had the same impact on the quality of sleep. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the training of nonpharmacological methods to improve sleep quality such as reflexology and foot bath be included in the elderly health programs. In addition, it is recommended that the impact of these interventions on subjective sleep quality using polysomnographic recordings be explored in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Valizadeh
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Alehe Seyyedrasooli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Vahid Zamanazadeh
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Khadijeh Nasiri
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Khadijeh Nasiri, Department of Medical- Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9372681253, Fax: +98-4524234042, E-mail:
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Moghimi-Hanjani S, Mehdizadeh-Tourzani Z, Shoghi M. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Anxiety, Pain, and Outcomes of the Labor in Primigravida Women. Acta Med Iran 2015; 53:507-511. [PMID: 26545996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reflexology is a technique used widely as one of non-pharmacological pain management techniques. The present study aimed to review and determine the effect of foot reflexology on anxiety, pain and outcomes of the labor in primigravida women. This clinical trial study was conducted on 80 primigravida mothers who were divided randomly into an intervention group (Foot reflexology applied for 40 min, n=40) and control group (n=40). The pain intensity was scored immediately after the end of intervention and at 30,60 and 120 min after the intervention in both groups, based on McGill Questionnaire for Pain Rating Index (PRI). Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was completed before and after intervention in both groups. Duration of labor phases, the type of labor and Apgar scores of the infant at the first and fifth minute were recorded in both groups. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods (t-test and chi-square test) were applied in analyzing data. Application of reflexology technique decreased pain intensity (at 30, 60 and 120 min after intervention) and duration of labor as well as anxiety level significantly (P<0.001). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of the frequency distribution of the type of labor and Apgar score (P<0.001). Results of this study show that reflexology reduces labor pain intensity, duration of labor, anxiety, frequency distribution of natural delivery and increases Apgar scores. Using this non-invasive technique, obstetricians can achieve, to some extent, to one of the most important goals of midwifery as pain relief and reducing anxiety during labor and encourage the mothers to have a vaginal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Moghimi-Hanjani
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Mehdizadeh-Tourzani
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Shoghi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
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Hudson BF, Davidson J, Whiteley MS. The impact of hand reflexology on pain, anxiety and satisfaction during minimally invasive surgery under local anaesthetic: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52:1789-97. [PMID: 26294281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated patient anxiety during surgery is linked to a range of suboptimal treatment outcomes. Reflexology has been reported to be effective in reducing pre and post-operative anxiety and post-operative pain. OBJECTIVES To explore whether the addition of hand reflexology to treatment as usual during minimally invasive varicose vein surgery under local anaesthetic impacted upon patient reported anxiety and pain during surgery, and patient satisfaction with treatment. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING Private outpatient clinic specialising in venous conditions. PARTICIPANTS 137 participants were assessed for eligibility. One hundred patients were recruited (mean age 47.8 years, 83% female). Participants received endovenous thermal ablation and/or phlebectomy for the treatment of varicose veins. Inclusion criteria included age (between 18 and 80) and receiving endovenous thermal ablation and/or phlebectomy for the treatment of varicose veins under local anaesthetic. Exclusion criteria included the presence of leg ulcers and receiving microsclerotherapy or foam sclerotherapy treatments, being unwilling to enter into the randomisation process and arriving late at the clinic. METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to either treatment as usual (control group) or intra-operative hand reflexology during minimally invasive varicose vein surgery under local anaesthetic. Participants in the reflexology group received a session of intra-operative hand reflexology which began in the operating theatre, prior to analgesic injections and continued until surgery was complete. It was not possible to blind the participants, researchers or theatre staff to group allocation due to the modifications required to the operating theatre for participants in the reflexology group. The researcher could not be blinded due to the role they played in the trial organisation. RESULTS Of the 137 participants screened for eligibility, 7 participants declined to participate and a further 30 did not meet the inclusion criteria, giving a recruitment rate of 93%. Fifty participants were randomised to the reflexology group and fifty participants were randomised to the control group. Intra-operative anxiety was significantly lower in the reflexology group (mean score of 3.24 on an 11-point rating scale) than the control group (mean score of 5.0, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS Intra-operative hand reflexology is a useful adjunct to local anaesthetic varicose vein surgery, with participants in the reflexology group reporting significantly lower intra-operative anxiety and shorter pain duration than participants receiving treatment as usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony F Hudson
- The Whiteley Clinic, Stirling House, Stirling Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7RF, UK; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jade Davidson
- The Whiteley Clinic, Stirling House, Stirling Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7RF, UK; Rosey Feet, UK
| | - Mark S Whiteley
- The Whiteley Clinic, Stirling House, Stirling Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7RF, UK; Faculty of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Holmstrom AJ, Wyatt GK, Sikorskii A, Musatics C, Stolz E, Havener N. Dyadic recruitment in complementary therapy studies: experience from a clinical trial of caregiver-delivered reflexology. Appl Nurs Res 2015; 29:136-9. [PMID: 26856504 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As home-based care continues to be a growing trend in health care, involvement of friend and family caregivers in the management of illness becomes essential. However, before nurses can prepare caregivers to engage in various types of care, an evidence base needs to be established via randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Research suggests that recruiting cancer patients and their friend or family caregivers into RCTs presents challenges. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the barriers to recruitment of patient-caregiver dyads into a RCT of caregiver-delivered reflexology and to recommend strategies to address such barriers. METHODS This paper reports on a nurse-directed RCT that involved recruitment efforts unique to a caregiver-delivered reflexology protocol for advanced-stage breast cancer patients. Ineligibility due to caregiver-related reasons, consent among eligible patients (out of 551 approached patients), and reasons for refusal were analyzed. RESULTS Almost one-third of patients were found to be ineligible due to the lack of a caregiver to participate with them and provide this form of social support. Among eligible patients, the consent rate for this dyadic study is much lower than that of previous RCTs of reflexologist-delivered reflexology that enrolled just patients, not dyads. CONCLUSION Implications for nursing practice and research include addressing the need for greater social support for patients and strategies for problem-solving refusal reasons during study enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Holmstrom
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Gwen K Wyatt
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Alla Sikorskii
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Catherine Musatics
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Emily Stolz
- College of Communication Arts & Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Neala Havener
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Berry G, Svarovska B. Report on a membership audit of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Reflex Therapy (ACPIRT). Complement Ther Clin Pract 2014; 20:172-7. [PMID: 25129885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reflex Therapy (RT), akin to reflexology, is a non-invasive physiotherapy modality approved by the UK Chartered Society of Physiotherapists. One hundred members of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Reflex Therapy (ACPIRT) participated in an audit to establish a baseline of practice. Findings indicate that experienced therapists use RT in conjunction with their professional skills to induce relaxation (95%) and reduce pain (86%) for patients with conditions including whiplash injury and chronic pain. According to 68% of respondents, RT is "very good," "good" or "as good as" orthodox physiotherapy practices. Requiring minimal equipment, RT may be as cost effective as orthodox physiotherapy with regards to duration and frequency of treatment.
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Dyer J, Thomas K, Sandsund C, Shaw C. Is reflexology as effective as aromatherapy massage for symptom relief in an adult outpatient oncology population? Complement Ther Clin Pract 2013; 19:139-46. [PMID: 23890460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test whether reflexology was inferior to aromatherapy massage for ameliorating self-selected problems or concerns. DESIGN Non-blinded, randomised study with a 1:1 allocation. Adult outpatients recruited from a UK cancer centre, randomised by the minimisation method to either four aromatherapy massage or four reflexology sessions. OUTCOME MEASURES MYCaW scores at baseline and completion; VAS (relaxation) pre and post-sessions. ANALYSIS Unpaired t-test for the primary outcome; analysis of variance tests for repeated measures for VAS (relaxation); descriptive statistics (means and 95% confidence intervals) and content analysis for patient comments. RESULTS 115 subjects (58 aromatherapy massage, 57 reflexology) recruited. Reflexology was found to be no less effective than aromatherapy massage for MYCaW first concerns (p = 0.046). There was no statistical difference between groups for MYCaW second concerns or overall well-being scores, proportions of patients gaining clinical benefit, VAS scores over time (p = 0.489) or between groups (p = 0.408) or in the written responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie Dyer
- Therapies Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK.
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Valiani M, Shiran E, Kianpour M, Hasanpour M. Reviewing the effect of reflexology on the pain and certain features and outcomes of the labor on the primiparous women. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2010; 15:302-10. [PMID: 22069404 PMCID: PMC3208928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reflexology is one of the non-pharmacological pain relief methods, and since it is a non-invasive, inexpensive and applicable technique, it can be used by a skilled and trained midwife. This study aimed to review the effect of reflexology on the pain and outcomes of the labor. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, 88 primiparous mothers referred to selected hospitals of Isfahan for vaginal delivery were selected using simple random sampling method and then randomized in two groups. Data collection tools were the demographic data questionnaire, profile and outcomes of the labor and the short-form of the McGill Questionnaire for Pain Rating Index (PRI) assessment. The intervention was general and specific reflexology in the active phase of labor. PRI was assessed before the intervention and four times after the intervention (3-5 cm, 6-8 cm and 9-10 cm dilatations and second stage of labor. RESULTS There was no significant difference between groups before intervention. In the reflexology group, there was a significant difference between the PRI before and after the 4 stages intervention (p < 0.001). PRI was different significantly between studied groups after intervention (p < 0.001). The length of active phase of labor was different significantly between the two groups; but this difference was not significant during the second (p = 0.29), and the third (p = 0.27) stages. The difference between the 1(st) minute and the 5(th) minute Apgar score (p < 0.001) and rate of hemorrhage between the two groups were different significantly (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Reflexology can lead to decrease in the labor pain. Therefore, regarding to the safety of this technique, it can be replaced as an alternative for pharmacological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Valiani
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty Member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,
Correspondence to: Mahboubeh Valiani, MSc. E-mail: This article was derived from MSc thesis in the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
| | - Elaheh Shiran
- MSc Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Kianpour
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Hasanpour
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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