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Márquez Álvarez CDM, Gómez-Crisóstomo NP, De la Cruz-Hernández EN, El-Hafidi M, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Medina-Campos ON, Martínez-Abundis E. Chronic consumption of imbalance diets high in sucrose or fat induces abdominal obesity with different pattern of metabolic disturbances and lost in Langerhans cells population. Life Sci 2024; 336:122305. [PMID: 38030061 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Obesity is a worldwide health issue, associated with development of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of consumption of two hypercaloric diets on metabolic disturbance and beta cells damage. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to twelve months consumption of three diets: a Control balanced diet (CTD, carbohydrates 58 %, proteins 29 %, lipids 13 %) and two hypercaloric diets, high in sucrose (HSD, carbohydrates 68 %, proteins 22 %, lipids 10 %) or high in fat (HFD, carbohydrates 31 %, proteins 14 %, lipids 55 %). Serum levels of glucose, triglycerides and free fatty acids were measured after zoometric parameters determination. Antioxidant enzymes activity and oxidative stress-marker were measured in pancreas tissue among histological analysis of Langerhans islets. KEY FINDINGS Although diets were hypercaloric, the amount of food consumed by rats decreased, resulting in an equal caloric consumption. The HSD induced hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia with higher levels in free fatty acids (FFA, lipotoxicity); whereas HFD did not increased neither the triglycerides nor FFA, nevertheless the loss of islets' cell was larger. Both diets induced obesity with hyperglycemia and significant reduction in Langerhans islets size. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate that consumption of HSD induces more significant metabolic disturbances that HFD, although both generated pancreas damage; as well hypercaloric diet consumption is not indispensable to becoming obese; the chronic consumption of unbalanced diets (rich in carbohydrates or lipids) may lead to abdominal obesity with metabolic and functional disturbances, although the total amount of calories are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corazón de María Márquez Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas e Infecciosas, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, C.P. 86650 Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Nancy P Gómez-Crisóstomo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas e Infecciosas, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, C.P. 86650 Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Erick N De la Cruz-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas e Infecciosas, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, C.P. 86650 Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080 CDMX, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Omar Noel Medina-Campos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Abundis
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas e Infecciosas, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, C.P. 86650 Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico.
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Mothers' cafeteria diet induced sex-specific changes in fat content, metabolic profiles, and inflammation outcomes in rat offspring. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18573. [PMID: 34535697 PMCID: PMC8448886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
“Western diet” containing high concentrations of sugar and fat consumed during pregnancy contributes to development of obesity and diabetes type 2 in offspring. To mimic effects of this diet in animals, a cafeteria (CAF) diet is used. We hypothesized that CAF diet given to rats before, and during pregnancy and lactation differently influences fat content, metabolic and inflammation profiles in offspring. Females were exposed to CAF or control diets before pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation. At postnatal day 25 (PND 25), body composition, fat contents were measured, and blood was collected for assessment of metabolic and inflammation profiles. We have found that CAF diet lead to sex-specific alterations in offspring. At PND25, CAF offspring had: (1) higher percentage of fat content, and were lighter; (2) sex-specific differences in levels of glucose; (3) higher levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α); (4) sex-specific differences in concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α, with an increase in CAF females; (5) higher level of IL-10 in both sexes, with a more pronounced increase in females. We concluded that maternal CAF diet affects fat content, metabolic profiles, and inflammation parameters in offspring. Above effects are sex-specific, with female offspring being more susceptible to the diet.
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Effects of PKB/Akt inhibitors on insulin-stimulated lipogenesis and phosphorylation state of lipogenic enzymes in white adipose tissue. Biochem J 2020; 477:1373-1389. [PMID: 32215608 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated acute effects of two allosteric protein kinase B (PKB) inhibitors, MK-2206 and Akti-1/2, on insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in rat epididymal adipocytes incubated with fructose as carbohydrate substrate. In parallel, the phosphorylation state of lipogenic enzymes in adipocytes and incubated epididymal fat pads was monitored by immunoblotting. Preincubation of rat epididymal adipocytes with PKB inhibitors dose-dependently inhibited the following: insulin-stimulated lipogenesis, increased PKB Ser473 phosphorylation, increased PKB activity and decreased acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) Ser79 phosphorylation. In contrast, the effect of insulin to decrease the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) at Ser293 and Ser300 was not abolished by PKB inhibition. Insulin treatment also induced ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) Ser454 phosphorylation, but this effect was less sensitive to PKB inhibitors than ACC dephosphorylation by insulin. In incubated rat epididymal fat pads, Akti-1/2 treatment reversed insulin-induced ACC dephosphorylation, while ACL phosphorylation by insulin was maintained. ACL and ACC purified from white adipose tissue were poor substrates for PKBα in vitro. However, effects of wortmannin and torin, along with Akti-1/2 and MK-2206, on recognized PKB target phosphorylation by insulin were similar to their effects on insulin-induced ACL phosphorylation, suggesting that PKB could be the physiological kinase for ACL phosphorylation by insulin. In incubated epididymal fat pads from wild-type versus ACC1/2 S79A/S212A knockin mice, effects of insulin to increase lipogenesis from radioactive fructose or from radioactive acetate were reduced but not abolished. Together, the results support a key role for PKB in mediating insulin-stimulated lipogenesis by decreasing ACC phosphorylation, but not by decreasing PDH phosphorylation.
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Varma V, Boros LG, Nolen GT, Chang CW, Wabitsch M, Beger RD, Kaput J. Metabolic fate of fructose in human adipocytes: a targeted 13C tracer fate association study. Metabolomics 2015; 11:529-544. [PMID: 25972768 PMCID: PMC4419153 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of obesity is becoming an international problem and the role of fructose is unclear. Studies using liver tissue and hepatocytes have contributed to the understanding of fructose metabolism. Excess fructose consumption also affects extra hepatic tissues including adipose tissue. The effects of fructose on human adipocytes are not yet fully characterized, although in vivo studies have noted increased adiposity and weight gain in response to fructose sweetened-beverages. In order to understand and predict the metabolic responses of adipocytes to fructose, this study examined differentiating and differentiated human adipocytes in culture, exposed to a range of fructose concentrations equivalent to that reported in blood after consuming fructose. A stable isotope based dynamic profiling method using [U-13C6]-d-fructose tracer was used to examine the metabolism and fate of fructose. A targeted stable isotope tracer fate association method was used to analyze metabolic fluxes and flux surrogates with exposure to escalating fructose concentration. This study demonstrated that fructose stimulates anabolic processes in adipocytes robustly, including glutamate and de novo fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, fructose also augments the release of free palmitate from fully differentiated adipocytes. These results imply that in the presence of fructose, the metabolic response of adipocytes in culture is altered in a dose dependent manner, particularly favoring increased glutamate and fatty acid synthesis and release, warranting further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Varma
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - László G. Boros
- SiDMAP LLC, Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LABIOMED), Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502 USA
| | - Greg T. Nolen
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - Ching-Wei Chang
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard D. Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - Jim Kaput
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
- Systems Nutrition and Health, Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Murthy V, Gao Y, Geng L, LeBrasseur NK, White TA, Parks RJ, Brimijoin S. Physiologic and metabolic safety of butyrylcholinesterase gene therapy in mice. Vaccine 2014; 32:4155-62. [PMID: 24892251 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In continuing efforts to develop gene transfer of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as therapy for cocaine addiction, we conducted wide-ranging studies of physiological and metabolic safety. For that purpose, mice were given injections of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector or helper-dependent adenoviral (hdAD) vector encoding human or mouse BChE mutated for optimal cocaine hydrolysis. Age-matched controls received saline or AAV-luciferase control vector. At times when transduced BChE was abundant, physiologic and metabolic parameters in conscious animals were evaluated by non-invasive Echo-MRI and an automated "Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System" (CLAMS). Despite high vector doses (up to 10(13) particles per mouse) and high levels of transgene protein in the plasma (∼1500-fold above baseline), the CLAMS apparatus revealed no adverse physiologic or metabolic effects. Likewise, body composition determined by Echo-MRI, and glucose tolerance remained normal. A CLAMS study of vector-treated mice given 40 mg/kg cocaine showed none of the physiologic and metabolic fluctuations exhibited in controls. We conclude that neither the tested vectors nor great excesses of circulating BChE affect general physiology directly, while they protect mice from disturbance by cocaine. Hence, viral gene transfer of BChE appears benign and worth exploring as a therapy for cocaine abuse and possibly other disorders as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakantha Murthy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liyi Geng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thomas A White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robin J Parks
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Brimijoin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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