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Choi S, Oh M, Oyama O, Park DH, Hong S, Lee TH, Hwang J, Lee HS, Choe YS, Lee W, Jeon JY. Effectiveness of breath acetone monitoring in reducing body fat and improving body composition: a randomized controlled study. J Breath Res 2024; 18:026001. [PMID: 38176080 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad1b19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
When attempts to lose body fat mass frequently fail, breath acetone (BA) monitoring may assist fat mass loss during a low-carbohydrate diet as it can provide real-time body fat oxidation levels. This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring BA levels and providing feedback on fat oxidation during a three-week low-carbohydrate diet intervention. Forty-seven participants (mean age = 27.8 ± 4.4 years, 53.3% females, body mass index = 24.1 ± 3.4 kg m-2) were randomly assigned to three groups (1:1:1 ratio): daily BA assessment with a low-carbohydrate diet, body weight assessment (body scale (BS)) with a low-carbohydrate diet, and low-carbohydrate diet only. Primary outcome was the change in fat mass and secondary outcomes were the changes in body weight and body composition. Forty-five participants completed the study (compliance rate: 95.7%). Fat mass was significantly reduced in all three groups (allP< 0.05); however, the greatest reduction in fat mass was observed in the BA group compared to the BS (differences in changes in fat mass, -1.1 kg; 95% confidence interval: -2.3, -0.2;P= 0.040) and control (differences in changes in fat mass, -1.3 kg; 95% confidence interval: -2.1, -0.4;P= 0.013) groups. The BA group showed significantly greater reductions in body weight and visceral fat mass than the BS and control groups (allP< 0.05). In addition, the percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass were significantly reduced in both BA and BS groups (allP< 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in changes in body fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass between the study groups. Monitoring BA levels, which could have motivated participants to adhere more closely to the low-carbohydrate diet, to assess body fat oxidation rates may be an effective intervention for reducing body fat mass (compared to body weight assessment or control conditions). This approach could be beneficial for individuals seeking to manage body fat and prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonggyu Choi
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsuk Oh
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Okimitsu Oyama
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Park
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Hong
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sahm Choe
- Isenlab Inc., Halla Sigma Valley, Sung-Nam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin Y Jeon
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients (ICONS), Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hiromatsu C, Kasahara N, Lin CA, Wang F, Goto K. Continuous Monitoring of Interstitial Fluid Glucose Responses to Endurance Exercise with Different Levels of Carbohydrate Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:4746. [PMID: 38004140 PMCID: PMC10674876 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the 24 h changes in interstitial fluid glucose concentration (IGC) following a simulated soccer match between subjects consuming a high-carbohydrate (HCHO; 8 g/kg BW/day) diet and those consuming a moderate-carbohydrate (MCHO; 4 g/kg BW/day) diet. Eight active healthy males participated in two different trials. The subjects were provided with the prescribed diets from days 1 to 3. On day 3, the subjects performed 90 min (2 bouts × 45 min) of exercise simulating a soccer match. The IGC of the upper arm was continuously monitored from days 1 to 4. No significant difference in the IGC was observed between trials during exercise. The total area under the curve (t-AUC) value during exercise did not significantly differ between the HCHO (9719 ± 305 mg/dL·90 min) and MCHO (9991 ± 140 mg/dL·90 min). Serum total ketone body and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were significantly higher in the MCHO than in the HCHO after a second bout of exercise. No significant differences in the IGC were observed between trials at any time point during the night after exercise (0:00-7:00). In addition, t-AUC value during the night did not significantly differ between the HCHO (32,378 ± 873 mg/dL·420 min) and MCHO (31,749 ± 633 mg/dL·420 min). In conclusion, two days of consuming different carbohydrate intake levels did not significantly affect the IGC during a 90 min simulated soccer match. Moreover, the IGC during the night following the exercise did not significantly differ between the two trials despite the different carbohydrate intake levels (8 vs. 4 g/kg BW/day).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (C.H.); (N.K.); (C.-A.L.); (F.W.)
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Tsunemi S, Nakamura Y, Yokota K, Nakagawa T, Tsukiyama H, Kubo Y, Oyanagi T, Takemoto A, Nagai Y, Tanaka Y, Sone M. Correlation between blood ketones and exhaled acetone measured with a semiconducting gas sensor. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35868249 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Breath acetone (BrAce) has been reported to be useful for monitoring the pathophysiology of patients with diabetes. However, devices that measure BrAce are expensive, complex and uncommon. The FM-001, originally designed to monitor a marker of weight loss in healthy people, is a device for measuring BrAce. The FM-001 is a loading semiconducting gas sensor that is a simple and reusable device. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between blood total ketone bodies (TKB) and BrAce measured with the FM-001 in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, through evaluation of that correlation, we sought to detect patients at high risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Thirty-five participants (Age 52 [40-57], T2DM 32, T1DM 3) were enrolled. Scatter plots and linear regression lines relating BrAce to TKB and the correlation coefficients were calculated. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the cut-off for predicting patients prone to DKA. The results showed that BrAce strongly correlates with TKB (R=0.828), and the correlation was stronger in patients whose serum C-peptide was not low. The optimal BrAce cut-off for predicting risk of developing DKA was 3,400 ppb (AUC 0.924, sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 100%), which corresponds to a TKB ≥ 1,000 µmol/L. BrAce also weakly correlated with free fatty acid. Thus, BrAce levels measured with the FM-001 strongly correlate with TKB, even in patients with diabetes. This suggests the FM-001 is a simple and potentially useful method for detecting diabetic ketosis. (UMIN-ID: UMIN000038086).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tsunemi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Yuta Nakamura
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Kenichi Yokota
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Tomoko Nakagawa
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Hidekazu Tsukiyama
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Yui Kubo
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Takeshi Oyanagi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Ayaka Takemoto
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Yoshio Nagai
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kanto Rosai Hospital, 1-1, Kizukisumiyoshi, Nakahara-ku,, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 211-8510, JAPAN
| | - Yasushi Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama General Hospital, 2201-5, Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku,, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 225-0025, JAPAN
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
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Henderson B, Lopes Batista G, Bertinetto CG, Meurs J, Materić D, Bongers CCWG, Allard NAE, Eijsvogels TMH, Holzinger R, Harren FJM, Jansen JJ, Hopman MTE, Cristescu SM. Exhaled Breath Reflects Prolonged Exercise and Statin Use during a Field Campaign. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040192. [PMID: 33805108 PMCID: PMC8064097 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath provide insights into various metabolic processes and can be used to monitor physiological response to exercise and medication. We integrated and validated in situ a sampling and analysis protocol using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) for exhaled breath research. The approach was demonstrated on a participant cohort comprising users of the cholesterol-lowering drug statins and non-statin users during a field campaign of three days of prolonged and repeated exercise, with no restrictions on food or drink consumption. The effect of prolonged exercise was reflected in the exhaled breath of participants, and relevant VOCs were identified. Most of the VOCs, such as acetone, showed an increase in concentration after the first day of walking and subsequent decrease towards baseline levels prior to walking on the second day. A cluster of short-chain fatty acids including acetic acid, butanoic acid, and propionic acid were identified in exhaled breath as potential indicators of gut microbiota activity relating to exercise and drug use. We have provided novel information regarding the use of breathomics for non-invasive monitoring of changes in human metabolism and especially for the gut microbiome activity in relation to exercise and the use of medication, such as statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Henderson
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Guilherme Lopes Batista
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Carlo G. Bertinetto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.G.B.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Joris Meurs
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Dušan Materić
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Coen C. W. G. Bongers
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Neeltje A. E. Allard
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Rupert Holzinger
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Frans J. M. Harren
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Jeroen J. Jansen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.G.B.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Maria T. E. Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Simona M. Cristescu
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Alkedeh O, Priefer R. The Ketogenic Diet: Breath Acetone Sensing Technology. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11010026. [PMID: 33478049 PMCID: PMC7835940 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet, while originally thought to treat epilepsy in children, is now used for weight loss due to increasing evidence indicating that fat is burned more rapidly when there is a low carbohydrate intake. This low carbohydrate intake can lead to elevated ketone levels in the blood and breath. Breath and blood ketones can be measured to gauge the level of ketosis and allow for adjustment of the diet to meet the user’s needs. Blood ketone levels have been historically used, but now breath acetone sensors are becoming more common due to less invasiveness and convenience. New technologies are being researched in the area of acetone sensors to capitalize on the rising popularity of the diet. Current breath acetone sensors come in the form of handheld breathalyzer devices. Technologies in development mostly consist of semiconductor metal oxides in different physio-chemical formations. These current devices and future technologies are investigated here with regard to utility and efficacy. Technologies currently in development do not have extensive testing of the selectivity of the sensors including the many compounds present in human breath. While some sensors have undergone human testing, the sample sizes are very small, and the testing was not extensive. Data regarding current devices is lacking and more research needs to be done to effectively evaluate current devices if they are to have a place as medical devices. Future technologies are very promising but are still in early development stages.
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Ota N, Ito H, Goto K. Effects of Reduced Carbohydrate Intake after Sprint Exercise on Breath Acetone Level. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010058. [PMID: 33375438 PMCID: PMC7823650 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of breath acetone level may be an alternative procedure to evaluate change in fat metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of insufficient carbohydrate (CHO) intake after sprint exercise on breath acetone level during post-exercise. Nine subjects conducted two trials, consisting of either reduced CHO trial (LOW trial) or normal CHO trial (NOR trial). In each trial, subjects visited to laboratory at 7:30 following an overnight fast to assess baseline breath acetone level. They commenced repeated sprint exercise from 17:00. After exercise, isoenergetic meals with different doses of CHO (LOW trial; 18% for CHO, 27% for protein, 55% for fat, NOR trial; 58% for CHO, 14% for protein, 28% for fat) were served. Breath acetone level was also monitored immediately before and after exercise, 1 h, 3 h, 4 h, and 15 h (on the following morning) after completing exercise. A significant higher breath acetone level was observed in LOW trial than in NOR trial 4 h after completion of exercise (NOR trial; 0.66 ppm, LOW trial; 0.9 ppm). However, breath acetone level did not differ on the following morning between two trials. Therefore, CHO intake following an exhaustive exercise affects breath acetone level during early phase of post-exercise.
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Ito K, Kawamura N, Suzuki Y, Yamada Maruo Y. Colorimetric detection of gaseous acetone based on a reaction between acetone and 4-nitrophenylhydrazine in porous glass. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hancock G, Sharma S, Galpin M, Lunn D, Megson C, Peverall R, Richmond G, Ritchie GAD, Owen KR. The correlation between breath acetone and blood betahydroxybutyrate in individuals with type 1 diabetes. J Breath Res 2020; 15:017101. [PMID: 33027776 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abbf37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ketone testing is an important element of the self-management of illness in type 1 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to see if a breath test for acetone could be used to predict quantitatively the levels of the ketone betahydroxybutyrate in the blood of those with type 1 diabetes, and thus be used as an alternative to capillary testing for ketones. Simultaneous capillary ketones and breath acetone were measured in 72 individuals with type 1 diabetes attending a diabetes clinic and on 9 individuals admitted to hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis. Capillary blood measurements ranged from 0.1 mmol l-1 (the lower limit of the ketone monitor) to over 7 mmol l-1, with breath acetone varying between 0.25 and 474 parts per million by volume. The two variables were found to be correlated and allowed modelling to be carried out which separated breath acetone levels into three categories corresponding to normal, elevated and 'at risk' levels of blood ketones. The results on this limited set of participants suggest that a breath acetone test could be a simple, non-invasive substitute for capillary ketone measurement in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gus Hancock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Bovey F, Cros J, Tuzson B, Seyssel K, Schneiter P, Emmenegger L, Tappy L. Breath acetone as a marker of energy balance: an exploratory study in healthy humans. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:50. [PMID: 30201981 PMCID: PMC6131485 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An exploratory study was performed on eight healthy volunteers to assess how short-term changes in energy balance and dietary carbohydrate content impact breath acetone concentrations. Participants were studied on three occasions: on each occasion, they remained fasted and in resting conditions during the first 2 h to assess basal breath acetone and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB). During the next 6 h, they remained fasted on one occasion (F), or were fed hourly high carbohydrate (HC) or low-carbohydrate (LC) meals to induce a positive energy balance on the other two occasions. They remained in resting conditions during 4 h, then performed a 2-hour low intensity exercise (25 W) inducing a negative energy balance. In resting conditions, breath acetone and blood BOHB concentrations increased progressively compared to basal values in F, but decreased and remained low throughout the test in HC. With LC, breath acetone increased progressively, while blood BOHB decreased. This exploratory study indicates that breath acetone reliably detects a stimulation of ketogenesis during a short-term fast. It also suggests that LC and HC differentially impact BOHB and acetone production and utilization, and reveals possible limitations to the use of breath acetone as a marker of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bovey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Cros
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béla Tuzson
- Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Seyssel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schneiter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Emmenegger
- Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Cardio-Metabolic Center, Broye Hospital, Estavayer-le-lac, Switzerland.
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Nadeem F, Mandon J, Khodabakhsh A, Cristescu SM, Harren FJM. Sensitive Spectroscopy of Acetone Using a Widely Tunable External-Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072050. [PMID: 29954082 PMCID: PMC6068499 DOI: 10.3390/s18072050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We employed a single-mode, widely tunable (~300 cm−1) external-cavity quantum cascade laser operating around 8 µm for broadband direct absorption spectroscopy and wavelength modulation spectroscopy where a modulation frequency of 50 kHz was employed with high modulation amplitudes of up to 10 GHz. Using a compact multipass cell, we measured the entire molecular absorption band of acetone at ~7.4 µm with a spectral resolution of ~1 cm−1. In addition, to demonstrate the high modulation dynamic range of the laser, we performed direct absorption (DAS) and second harmonic wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS-2f) of the Q-branch peak of acetone molecular absorption band (HWHM ~10 GHz) near 1365 cm−1. With WMS-2f, a minimum detection limit of 15 ppbv in less than 10 s is achieved, which yields a noise equivalent absorption sensitivity of 1.9 × 10−8 cm−1 Hz−1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Nadeem
- Trace Gas Research Facility, Molecular, and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Julien Mandon
- Trace Gas Research Facility, Molecular, and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Amir Khodabakhsh
- Trace Gas Research Facility, Molecular, and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Simona M Cristescu
- Trace Gas Research Facility, Molecular, and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans J M Harren
- Trace Gas Research Facility, Molecular, and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Güntner AT, Sievi NA, Theodore SJ, Gulich T, Kohler M, Pratsinis SE. Noninvasive Body Fat Burn Monitoring from Exhaled Acetone with Si-doped WO 3-sensing Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10578-10584. [PMID: 28891296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health threat on the rise, and its prevalence continues to grow. Yet suitable biomedical sensors to monitor body fat burn rates in situ, to guide physical activity or dietary interventions toward efficient weight loss, are missing. Here, we introduce a compact and inexpensive breath acetone sensor based on Si-doped WO3 nanoparticles that can accurately follow body fat burn rates in real time. We tested this sensor on 20 volunteers during exercise and rest and measured their individual breath acetone concentrations in good agreement with benchtop proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). During exercise, this sensor reveals clearly the onset and progression of increasing breath acetone levels that indicate intensified body fat metabolism, as validated by parallel venous blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) measurements. Most importantly, we found that the body fat metabolism was especially pronounced for most volunteers during fasting for 3 h after exercise, with strong variation between subjects, and this was displayed correctly by the sensor in real-time. As a result, this simple breath acetone sensor enables easily applicable and hand-held body fat burn monitoring for personalized and immediate feedback on workout effectiveness that can guide dieting as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Güntner
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N A Sievi
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zürich , CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S J Theodore
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Gulich
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zürich , CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S E Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Tuzson B, Jágerská J, Looser H, Graf M, Felder F, Fill M, Tappy L, Emmenegger L. Highly Selective Volatile Organic Compounds Breath Analysis Using a Broadly-Tunable Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6377-6383. [PMID: 28514136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A broadly tunable mid-infrared vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) is employed in a direct absorption laser spectroscopic setup to measure breath acetone. The large wavelength coverage of more than 30 cm-1 at 3.38 μm allows, in addition to acetone, the simultaneous measurement of isoprene, ethanol, methanol, methane, and water. Despite the severe spectral interferences from water and alcohols, an unambiguous determination of acetone is demonstrated with a precision of 13 ppbv that is achieved after 5 min averaging at typical breath mean acetone levels in synthetic gas samples mimicking human breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Tuzson
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jana Jágerská
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Physics and Technology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Herbert Looser
- Institute for Aerosol and Sensor Technology, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz (FHNW) , 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Graf
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Luc Tappy
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, Universite de Lausanne (UNIL) , 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Emmenegger
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Pan Y, Zhang Q, Zhou W, Zou X, Wang H, Huang C, Shen C, Chu Y. Detection of Ketones by a Novel Technology: Dipolar Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (DP-PTR-MS). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:873-879. [PMID: 28315236 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has played an important role in the field of real-time monitoring of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to its advantages such as low limit of detection (LOD) and fast time response. Recently, a new technology of proton extraction reaction mass spectrometry (PER-MS) with negative ions OH- as the reagent ions has also been presented, which can be applied to the detection of VOCs and even inorganic compounds. In this work, we combined the functions of PTR-MS and PER-MS in one instrument, thereby developing a novel technology called dipolar proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (DP-PTR-MS). The selection of PTR-MS mode and PER-MS mode was achieved in DP-PTR-MS using only water vapor in the ion source and switching the polarity. In this experiment, ketones (denoted by M) were selected as analytes. The ketone (molecular weight denoted by m) was ionized as protonated ketone [M + H]+ [mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) m + 1] in PTR-MS mode and deprotonated ketone [M - H]- (m/z m - 1) in PER-MS mode. By comparing the m/z value of the product ions in the two modes, the molecular weight of the ketone can be positively identified as m. Results showed that whether it is a single ketone sample or a mixed sample of eight kinds of ketones, the molecular weights can be detected with DP-PTR-MS. The newly developed DP-PTR-MS not only maintains the original advantages of PTR-MS and PER-MS in sensitive and rapid detection of ketones, but also can estimate molecular weight of ketones. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiangling Zhang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenzhao Zhou
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Zou
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chengyin Shen
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yannan Chu
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
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14
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Influence of Ethanol on Breath Acetone Measurements Using an External Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser. PHOTONICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics3020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Matoulek M, Svobodova S, Vetrovska R, Stranska Z, Svacina S. Post-exercise changes of beta hydroxybutyrate as a predictor of weight changes. Physiol Res 2015; 63:S321-5. [PMID: 24908238 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to find the differences in ketogenesis initiation in the early period after the exercise in obese patients and to find if these changes may predict the weight loss during the physical activity program. 96 females were enrolled. A clamped heart rate test (CHR) was performed to establish comparable exercise intensity. Blood samples for beta hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) assessment were collected prior, immediately after and 60 min after the test. Patients underwent a three month fitness program. Anthropometric measurements (fat mass and biochemical parameters) were measured. An energy intake was monitored and comparable in all subjects. A significant increase of BOHB was found in 60(th) minute after the test, when compared with initiation levels (BOHB1 vs. BOHB3; p=0.03). This increase correlates with % fat mass (R=0.196; p=0.02) and negatively with age (R= -0.147; p=0.05) and with weight reduction during the three-month program (R= -0.299; p=0.03). Serum BOHB increase after the single exercise may detect individuals with an ability to induce lipolysis in three-month program of physical activity for obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matoulek
- Third Internal Medicine Clinic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Samudrala D, Geurts B, Brown PA, Szymańska E, Mandon J, Jansen J, Buydens L, Harren FJM, Cristescu SM. Changes in urine headspace composition as an effect of strenuous walking. Metabolomics 2015; 11:1656-1666. [PMID: 26491419 PMCID: PMC4605988 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-015-0813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation uses proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) combined with multivariate and univariate statistical analyses to study potential biomarkers for altered metabolism in urine due to strenuous walking. Urine samples, in concurrence with breath and blood samples, were taken from 51 participants (23 controls, 11 type-1 diabetes, 17 type-2 diabetes) during the Dutch endurance walking event, the International Four Days Marches. Multivariate analysis allowed for discrimination of before and after exercise for all three groups (control, type-1 and type-2 diabetes) and on three out of 4 days. The analysis highlighted 12 molecular ions contributing to this discrimination. Of these, acetic acid in urine is identified as a significant marker for exercise effects induced by walking; an increase is observed as an effect of walking. Analysis of acetone concentration with univariate tools resulted in different information when compared to breath as a function of exercise, revealing an interesting effect of time over the 4 days. In breath, acetone provides an immediate snapshot of metabolism, whereas urinary acetone will result from longer term diffusion processes, providing a time averaged view of metabolism. The potential to use PTR-MS measurements of urine to monitor exercise effects is exhibited, and may be utilized to monitor subjects in mass participation exercise events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasena Samudrala
- 0000000122931605grid.5590.9Institute Molecules & Materials, Life Science Trace Gas Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Geurts
- 0000000122931605grid.5590.9Institute Molecules & Materials, Department Analytical Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Phil A. Brown
- 0000000122931605grid.5590.9Institute Molecules & Materials, Life Science Trace Gas Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewa Szymańska
- 0000000122931605grid.5590.9Institute Molecules & Materials, Department Analytical Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julien Mandon
- 0000000122931605grid.5590.9Institute Molecules & Materials, Life Science Trace Gas Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Jansen
- 0000000122931605grid.5590.9Institute Molecules & Materials, Department Analytical Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lutgarde Buydens
- 0000000122931605grid.5590.9Institute Molecules & Materials, Department Analytical Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frans J. M. Harren
- 0000000122931605grid.5590.9Institute Molecules & Materials, Life Science Trace Gas Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simona M. Cristescu
- 0000000122931605grid.5590.9Institute Molecules & Materials, Life Science Trace Gas Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
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