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Jaccard E, Seyssel K, Gouveia A, Vergely C, Baratali L, Gubelmann C, Froissart M, Favrat B, Marques-Vidal P, Tappy L, Waeber G. Effect of acute iron infusion on insulin secretion: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101434. [PMID: 35706490 PMCID: PMC9092517 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic exposure to high iron levels increases diabetes risk partly by inducing oxidative stress, but the consequences of acute iron administration on beta cells are unknown. We tested whether the acute administration of iron for the correction of iron deficiency influenced insulin secretion and the production of reactive oxygen species. Methods Single-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted between June 2017 and March 2020. 32 women aged 18 to 47 years, displaying symptomatic iron deficiency without anaemia, were recruited from a community setting and randomly allocated (1:1) to a single infusion of 1000 mg intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (iron) or saline (placebo). The primary outcome was the between group mean difference from baseline to day 28 in first and second phase insulin secretion, assessed by a two-step hyperglycaemic clamp. All analyses were performed by intention to treat. This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03191201. Findings Iron infusion did not affect first and second phase insulin release. For first phase, the between group mean difference from baseline to day 28 was 0 μU × 10 min/mL [95% CI, -22 to 22, P = 0.99]. For second phase, it was -5 μUx10min/mL [95% CI, -161 to 151; P = 0.95] at the first plateau of the clamp and -249 μUx10min/mL [95% CI, -635 to 137; P = 0.20] at the second plateau. Iron infusion increased serum ascorbyl/ascorbate ratio, a marker of plasma oxidative stress, at day 14, with restoration of normal ratio at day 28 relative to placebo. Finally, high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels remained similar among groups. Interpretation In iron deficient women without anaemia, intravenous administration of 1000 mg of iron in a single sitting did not impair glucose-induced insulin secretion despite a transient increase in the levels of circulating reactive oxygen species. Funding The Swiss National Science Foundation, University of Lausanne and Leenaards, Raymond-Berger and Placide Nicod Foundations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Jaccard
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Kévin Seyssel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 7a, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Gouveia
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 44, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases (PEC2, EA7460),UFR des Sciences de Santé, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 7 boulevard Jeanne d’ Arc, Dijon 21079, France
| | - Laila Baratali
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Gubelmann
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Marc Froissart
- Clinical Research Center, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Favrat
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 44, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 7a, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
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Campos V, Tappy L, Bally L, Sievenpiper JL, Lê KA. Importance of Carbohydrate Quality: What Does It Mean and How to Measure It? J Nutr 2022; 152:1200-1206. [PMID: 35179211 PMCID: PMC9071307 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary carbohydrates are our main source of energy. Traditionally, they are classified based on the polymer length between simple and complex carbohydrates, which does not necessarily reflect their impact on health. Simple sugars, such as fructose, glucose, and lactose, despite having a similar energy efficiency and caloric content, have very distinct metabolic effects, leading to increased risk for various chronic diseases when consumed in excess. In addition, beyond the absolute amount of carbohydrate consumed, recent data point out that the food form or processing level can modulate both the energy efficiency and the cardiometabolic risk associated with specific carbohydrates. To account for both of these aspects-the quality of carbohydrates as well as its food form-several metrics can be proposed to help identifying carbohydrate-rich food sources and distinguish between those that would favor the development of chronic diseases and those that may contribute to prevent these. This review summarizes the findings presented during the American Society of Nutrition Satellite symposium on carbohydrate quality, in which these different aspects were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Campos
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nutrition & Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lia Bally
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nutrition & Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Peláez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Adan R, Emmett P, Galli C, Kersting M, Moynihan P, Tappy L, Ciccolallo L, de Sesmaisons‐Lecarré A, Fabiani L, Horvath Z, Martino L, Muñoz Guajardo I, Valtueña Martínez S, Vinceti M. Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07074. [PMID: 35251356 PMCID: PMC8884083 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from five European Nordic countries, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was tasked to provide scientific advice on a tolerable upper intake level (UL) or a safe level of intake for dietary (total/added/free) sugars based on available data on chronic metabolic diseases, pregnancy-related endpoints and dental caries. Specific sugar types (fructose) and sources of sugars were also addressed. The intake of dietary sugars is a well-established hazard in relation to dental caries in humans. Based on a systematic review of the literature, prospective cohort studies do not support a positive relationship between the intake of dietary sugars, in isocaloric exchange with other macronutrients, and any of the chronic metabolic diseases or pregnancy-related endpoints assessed. Based on randomised control trials on surrogate disease endpoints, there is evidence for a positive and causal relationship between the intake of added/free sugars and risk of some chronic metabolic diseases: The level of certainty is moderate for obesity and dyslipidaemia (> 50-75% probability), low for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes (> 15-50% probability) and very low for hypertension (0-15% probability). Health effects of added vs. free sugars could not be compared. A level of sugars intake at which the risk of dental caries/chronic metabolic diseases is not increased could not be identified over the range of observed intakes, and thus, a UL or a safe level of intake could not be set. Based on available data and related uncertainties, the intake of added and free sugars should be as low as possible in the context of a nutritionally adequate diet. Decreasing the intake of added and free sugars would decrease the intake of total sugars to a similar extent. This opinion can assist EU Member States in setting national goals/recommendations.
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Kovačević S, Elaković I, Vojnović Milutinović D, Nikolić-Kokić A, Blagojević D, Matić G, Tappy L, Djordjevic A, Brkljačić J. Fructose-Rich Diet Attenuates Stress-Induced Metabolic Disturbances in the Liver of Adult Female Rats. J Nutr 2021; 151:3661-3670. [PMID: 34510217 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both fructose consumption and chronic stress contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. The consequences of such combination are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether fructose supplementation and chronic stress synergistically disturb hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. The role of energy sensing, redox, and inflammatory status during development of metabolic disturbances was investigated. METHODS Female Wistar rats, aged 2.5 mo, were divided into 4 experimental groups: control (C) fed a standard diet (commercial food and drinking water); fructose (F) fed the same food and 10% fructose solution; stress (S) fed the standard diet and subjected to chronic unpredictable stress and, stress + fructose (SF) combining conditions F and S as above. Stress included daily stressors: cold water forced swimming, physical restraint, cold room, wet bedding, rocking, switching, or tilting cages. After 9 wk, hepatic enzymes and transcription factors involved in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, antioxidative defence, energy sensing, and cytokines were assessed by qPCR, Western blotting, and spectrophotometry and analyzed by 2-factor ANOVA. RESULTS Fructose increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation (40%; P < 0.05) and the ratio of inhibitory phosphorylation to total acetyl-CoA carboxylase (46%; P < 0.01), and decreased sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c nuclear translocation by 30% (P < 0.05) in F and SF compared with C rats. Increased phosPck (phoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) (85%) and G6pase(glucose-6-phosphatase) (55%) was observed in S rats (P < 0.05). A 40% decrease in Apob (apolipoprotein B-100) and an increase in hepatic lipids (P < 0.05), together with a double increase in TNF-α (P < 0.001), were observed in S rats, but without liver histopathological changes. These stress effects on lipid accumulation and TNF-α were abolished in SF rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fructose does not enhance stress effects on hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism but attenuates its effects on hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation, suggesting that, in female rats, AMPK activation prevails over stress-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Elaković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Matić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Geidl-Flueck B, Hochuli M, Németh Á, Eberl A, Derron N, Köfeler HC, Tappy L, Berneis K, Spinas GA, Gerber PA. Fructose- and sucrose- but not glucose-sweetened beverages promote hepatic de novo lipogenesis: A randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol 2021; 75:46-54. [PMID: 33684506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excessive fructose intake is associated with increased de novo lipogenesis, blood triglycerides, and hepatic insulin resistance. We aimed to determine whether fructose elicits specific effects on lipid metabolism independently of excessive caloric intake. METHODS A total of 94 healthy men were studied in this double-blind, randomized trial. They were assigned to daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) containing moderate amounts of fructose, sucrose (fructose-glucose disaccharide) or glucose (80 g/day) in addition to their usual diet or SSB abstinence (control group) for 7 weeks. De novo fatty acid (FA) and triglyceride synthesis, lipolysis and plasma free FA (FFA) oxidation were assessed by tracer methodology. RESULTS Daily intake of beverages sweetened with free fructose and fructose combined with glucose (sucrose) led to a 2-fold increase in basal hepatic fractional secretion rates (FSR) compared to control (median FSR %/day: sucrose 20.8 (p = 0.0015); fructose 19.7 (p = 0.013); control 9.1). Conversely, the same amounts of glucose did not change FSR (median of FSR %/day 11.0 (n.s.)). Fructose intake did not change basal secretion of newly synthesized VLDL-triglyceride, nor did it alter rates of peripheral lipolysis, nor total FA and plasma FFA oxidation. Total energy intake was similar across groups. CONCLUSIONS Regular consumption of both fructose- and sucrose-sweetened beverages in moderate doses - associated with stable caloric intake - increases hepatic FA synthesis even in a basal state; this effect is not observed after glucose consumption. These findings provide evidence of an adaptative response to regular fructose exposure in the liver. LAY SUMMARY This study investigated the metabolic effects of daily sugar-sweetened beverage consumption for several weeks in healthy lean men. It revealed that beverages sweetened with the sugars fructose and sucrose (glucose and fructose combined), but not glucose, increase the ability of the liver to produce lipids. This change may pave the way for further unfavorable effects on metabolic health. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01733563.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Geidl-Flueck
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland.
| | - Michel Hochuli
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ágota Németh
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland
| | - Anita Eberl
- Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Derron
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland
| | - Harald C Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Berneis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland
| | - Giatgen A Spinas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland
| | - Philipp A Gerber
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland
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Udin I, Habisreutinger M, Tappy L, Schneider AG, Berger MM. Magnitude of gluconeogenesis and endogenous glucose production: are they predictable in clinical settings? Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3807-3814. [PMID: 34130027 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulation of endogenous glucose production (EGP) is essential for glucose homeostasis. It includes gluconeogenesis (GNG) from non-carbohydrate substrates and hepatic glycogenolysis. Both these pathways are dysregulated in acute stress, but the magnitude of this deregulation cannot be assessed in clinical practice. The study aims at identifying clinically available variables predictive of EGP and GNG magnitude by modeling routinely available data. METHODS This exploratory study is based on the data from the Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition study 2 (SPN2), which measured EGP and GNG at days 4 and 10 in 23 critically ill patients. The correlation between EGP and GNG and 83 potential clinical indicators were explored, using single-stage and multivariate analysis. RESULTS On single-stage analysis, the strongest correlations were noradrenaline dose at day 4 with GNG (R = 0.71; P = 0.0004) and Nutrition risk screening score (NRS) with EGP (R = 0.42; P = 0.05). At day 10, VO2 (R = 0.59, P = 0.04) was correlated with GNG and VCO2 with EGP (R = 0.85, P = 0.00003). Cumulated insulin dose between days 5 and 9 was correlated to EGP at day 10 (R = 0.55, P = 0.03). Our multivariate model could predict EGP at day 4 (VCO2, glucose and energy intake) with an error coefficient (e.c.) between 7.8% and 23.4% (minimal and maximal error), and GNG at day 10 (age, mean and basal blood glucose), with an e.c. of 18.5% and 29.9%. GNG at day 4 and EGP at day 10 could not be predicted with an e.c. < 40%. CONCLUSION This preliminary exploratory study shows that GNG and EGP have different predictors on days 4 and 10; EGP is more correlated with the metabolic level, while GNG is dependent on external factors. Nevertheless, a bundle of variables could be identified to empirically assess the magnitude of both values. Our results suggest that a robust model might be built, but requires a prospective study including a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Udin
- Service of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Anesthesiology Dpt, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Habisreutinger
- Dpt of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Institute of Physiology, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine G Schneider
- Service of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mette M Berger
- Service of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Debray FG, Seyssel K, Fadeur M, Tappy L, Paquot N, Tran C. Effect of a high fructose diet on metabolic parameters in carriers for hereditary fructose intolerance. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4246-4254. [PMID: 33551217 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that asymptomatic carriers for hereditary fructose intolerance (OMIM 22960) would have increased uric acid and altered component of the metabolic syndrome when exposed to fructose overfeeding. METHODS Six heterozygotes for HFI (hHFI) and 6 controls (Ctrl) were studied in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Participants ingested two identical test meals containing 0.7 g kg-1 glucose and 0.7 g kg-1 fructose according to a cross-over design, once after a 7-day on a low fructose diet (LoFruD, <10 g/d) and on another occasion after 7 days on a high fructose diet (HiFruD, 1.4 g kg-1 day-1 fructose + 0.1 g kg-1 day-1 glucose). Uric acid, glucose, and insulin concentrations were monitored in fasting conditions and over 2 h postprandial, and insulin resistance indexes were calculated. RESULTS HiFruD increased fasting uric acid (p < 0.05) and reduced fasting insulin sensitivity estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance (p < 0.05), in both groups. Postprandial glucose concentrations were not different between hHFI and Ctrl. However HiFruD increased postprandial plasma uric acid, insulin and hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) in hHFI only (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Seven days of HiFruD increased fasting uric acid and slightly reduced fasting HOMA index in both groups. In contrast, HiFruD increased postprandial uric acid, insulin concentration and HIRI in hHFI only, suggesting that heterozygosity for pathogenic Aldolase B variants may confer an increased susceptibility to the effects of dietary fructose on uric acid and hepatic insulin sensitivity. This trial was registered at the U.S. Clinical Trials Registry as NCT03545581.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Seyssel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marjorie Fadeur
- Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine CHU Sart-Tilman and GIGA I3, Immunometabolism and Nutrition Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Paquot
- Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine CHU Sart-Tilman and GIGA I3, Immunometabolism and Nutrition Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christel Tran
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Tappy L. Metabolism of sugars: A window to the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis by splanchnic organs. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1691-1698. [PMID: 33413911 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND &AIMS Dietary sugars are absorbed in the hepatic portal circulation as glucose, fructose, or galactose. The gut and liver are required to process fructose and galactose into glucose, lactate, and fatty acids. A high sugar intake may favor the development of cardio-metabolic diseases by inducing Insulin resistance and increased concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. METHODS A narrative review of the literature regarding the metabolic effects of fructose-containing sugars. RESULTS Sugars' metabolic effects differ from those of starch mainly due to the fructose component of sucrose. Fructose is metabolized in a set of fructolytic cells, which comprise small bowel enterocytes, hepatocytes, and kidney proximal tubule cells. Compared to glucose, fructose is readily metabolized in an insulin-independent way, even in subjects with diabetes mellitus, and produces minor increases in glycemia. It can be efficiently used for energy production, including during exercise. Unlike commonly thought, fructose when ingested in small amounts is mainly metabolized to glucose and organic acids in the gut, and this organ may thus shield the liver from potentially deleterious effects. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic functions of splanchnic organs must be performed with homeostatic constraints to avoid exaggerated blood glucose and lipid concentrations, and thus to prevent cellular damages leading to non-communicable diseases. Excess fructose intake can impair insulin-induced suppression of glucose production, stimulate de novo lipogenesis, and increase intrahepatic and blood triglyceride concentrations. With chronically high fructose intake, enterocyte can switch to lipid synthesis and accumulation of triglyceride, possibly causing an enterocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Tappy
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Ch. d'Au Bosson 7, CH-1053 Cugy, Switzerland.
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Milutinović DV, Brkljačić J, Teofilović A, Bursać B, Nikolić M, Gligorovska L, Kovačević S, Djordjevic A, Preitner F, Tappy L, Matić G, Veličković N. Chronic Stress Potentiates High Fructose-Induced Lipogenesis in Rat Liver and Kidney. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901141. [PMID: 32379936 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intake of fructose-sweetened beverages and chronic stress (CS) both increase risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim is to investigate whether these factors synergistically perturb lipid metabolism in rat liver and kidney. METHODS AND RESULTS Fractional de novo lipogenesis (fDNL), intrahepatic- and intrarenal-triglycerides (IHTG and IRTG), de novo palmitate (DNPalm) content, FA composition, VLDL-TGs kinetics, and key metabolic gene expression at the end of the feeding and non-feeding phases in rats exposed to standard chow diet, chow diet + CS, 20% liquid high-fructose supplementation (HFr), or HFr+CS are measured. HFr induces hypertriglyceridemia, up-regulates fructose-metabolism and gluconeogenic enzymes, increases IHTG and DNPalm content in IHTG and IRTG, and augments fDNL at the end of the feeding phase. These changes are diminished after the non-feeding phase. CS does not exert such effects, but when combined with HFr, it reduces IHTG and visceral adiposity, enhances lipogenic gene expression and fDNL, and increases VLDL-DNPalm secretion. CONCLUSION Liquid high-fructose supplementation increases IHTG and VLDL-TG secretion after the feeding phase, the latter being the result of stimulated hepatic and renal DNL. Chronic stress potentiates the effects of high fructose on fDNL and export of newly synthesized VLDL-TGs, and decreases fructose-induced intrahepatic TG accumulation after the feeding phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ana Teofilović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marina Nikolić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Frederic Preitner
- Mouse Metabolic Facility (MEF), Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 7, Lausanne, CH-1005, Switzerland
| | - Gordana Matić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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10
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Teofilović A, Brkljačić J, Djordjevic A, VojnovićMilutinović D, Tappy L, Matić G, Veličković N. Impact of insulin and glucocorticoid signalling on hepatic glucose homeostasis in the rat exposed to high-fructose diet and chronic stress. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:815-825. [PMID: 32070154 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1728236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Overconsumption of fructose-enriched beverages and everyday stress are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders through modulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate whether interaction of high-fructose diet and chronic stress alter insulin and glucocorticoid signalling thus affecting hepatic glucose homeostasis. High-fructose diet led to hyperinsulinemia, increased glucose transporter 2 level, elevated protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, increased glucokinase mRNA and phospho-to-total glycogen synthase kinase 3 ratio and decreased expression of gluconeogenic genes. Fructose diet also led to stimulated glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism, but downstream signalling remained unchanged due to increased glucocorticoid clearance. Stress did not affect hepatic insulin and glucocorticoid signalling nor glucose metabolism, while the interaction of the factors was observed only for glucokinase expression. The results suggest that, under conditions of fructose-induced hyperinsulinemia, suppression of gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthase activation contribute to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The increased glucocorticoid inactivation may represent an adaptive mechanism to prevent hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teofilović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela VojnovićMilutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gordana Matić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Jegatheesan P, Seyssel K, Stefanoni N, Rey V, Schneiter P, Giusti V, Lecoultre V, Tappy L. Effects of gastric bypass surgery on postprandial gut and systemic lipid handling. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 35:95-102. [PMID: 31987128 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Tappy L. Fructose-induced alterations of glucose and lipid homeostasis: progressive organ dysfunction leading to metabolic diseases or mere adaptive changes? Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:244-245. [PMID: 31901162 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Tappy
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Alligier M, Barrès R, Blaak EE, Boirie Y, Bouwman J, Brunault P, Campbell K, Clément K, Farooqi IS, Farpour-Lambert NJ, Frühbeck G, Goossens GH, Hager J, Halford JCG, Hauner H, Jacobi D, Julia C, Langin D, Natali A, Neovius M, Oppert JM, Pagotto U, Palmeira AL, Roche H, Rydén M, Scheen AJ, Simon C, Sorensen TIA, Tappy L, Yki-Järvinen H, Ziegler O, Laville M. OBEDIS Core Variables Project: European Expert Guidelines on a Minimal Core Set of Variables to Include in Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials of Obesity Interventions. Obes Facts 2020; 13:1-28. [PMID: 31945762 PMCID: PMC7098277 DOI: 10.1159/000505342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of interindividual and intraindividual responses to interventions is often observed in randomized, controlled trials for obesity. To address the global epidemic of obesity and move toward more personalized treatment regimens, the global research community must come together to identify factors that may drive these heterogeneous responses to interventions. This project, called OBEDIS (OBEsity Diverse Interventions Sharing - focusing on dietary and other interventions), provides a set of European guidelines for a minimal set of variables to include in future clinical trials on obesity, regardless of the specific endpoints. Broad adoption of these guidelines will enable researchers to harmonize and merge data from multiple intervention studies, allowing stratification of patients according to precise phenotyping criteria which are measured using standardized methods. In this way, studies across Europe may be pooled for better prediction of individuals' responses to an intervention for obesity - ultimately leading to better patient care and improved obesity outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Alligier
- FCRIN/FORCE Network, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yves Boirie
- University Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Nutrition Department, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Brunault
- Equipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, CHRU de Tours, and UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, and Qualipsy EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Kristina Campbell
- KC Microbiome Communications Group, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne University/INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities, Systemic Approaches Research Unit, and Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie J Farpour-Lambert
- Obesity Prevention and Care Program Contrepoids, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, Department of Community Health, Primary Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra & CIBEROBN, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jason C G Halford
- Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Jacobi
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inra, Cnam, Paris 13 University and Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martin Neovius
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean Michel Oppert
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Policlinic S. Orsola, Endocrinology Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio L Palmeira
- CIPER, PANO-SR, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helen Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André J Scheen
- Liège University, Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Chantal Simon
- CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Thorkild I A Sorensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luc Tappy
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, and Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olivier Ziegler
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hôpital Brabois Adultes, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy, France
| | - Martine Laville
- FCRIN/FORCE Network, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France,
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Abstract
Multiple factors may affect the metabolic fate of carbohydrates. Today, well-standardised and accepted methods may allow for the definitions of the changes in the glucose and insulin curves following the ingestion of either carbohydrate-based and other foods. More debate is still raised on the clinical meaning of these classifications when used at a population level, while emphasis is raised on the approach to carbohydrate metabolism on an individual basis. Within these ranges of applications, other compounds, such as plant polyphenols, may favourably add synergic effects through the modulation of carbohydrate digestion and glucose metabolic steps, resulting in lowering postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Finally, a growing knowledge suggests that the balance of dietary fructose and individual physical activity represent the key point to address the compound towards either positive, energy sparing effects, or a degenerative metabolic burden. The carbohydrate quality within a whole dietary and lifestyle pattern may therefore challenge the individual balance towards health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Potì
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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15
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Seyssel K, Jegatheesan P, Stefanoni N, Rey V, Schneiter P, Giusti V, Tappy L. OR39: Gastric Bypass Decreases Postprandial Exogenous and Endogenous Triglyceride Responses. Clin Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Drewnowski A, Tappy L, Forde CG, McCrickerd K, Tee ES, Chan P, Amin L, Trinidad TP, Amarra MS. Sugars and sweeteners: science, innovations, and consumer guidance for Asia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2019; 28:645-663. [PMID: 31464412 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.201909_28(3).0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rising obesity in Southeast Asia, one consequence of economic growth, has been linked to a rising consumption of energy from added sugars. This symposium, organized by ILSI Southeast Asia, explored regional issues related to dietary sugars and health and identified ways in which these issues could be addressed by regional regulatory agencies, food producers, and the consumer. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Papers on the following topics were presented: 1) current scientific evidence on the effects of sugars and non-caloric sweeteners on body weight, health, and eating behaviors; 2) innovations by food producers to reduce sugar consumption in the region; 3) regional dietary surveillance of sugar consumption and suggestions for consumer guidance. A panel discussion explored effective approaches to promote healthy eating in the region. RESULTS Excessive consumption of energy in the form of added sugars can have adverse consequences on diet quality, lipid profiles, and health. There is a need for better surveillance of total and added sugars intakes in selected Southeast Asian countries. Among feasible alternatives to corn sweeteners (high fructose corn syrup) and cane sugar are indigenous sweeteners with low glycemic index (e.g., coconut sap sugar). Their health benefits should be examined and regional sugar consumption tracked in detail. Product reformulation to develop palatable lower calorie alternatives that are accepted by consumers continues to be a challenge for industry and regulatory agencies. CONCLUSIONS Public-private collaborations to develop healthy products and effective communication strategies can facilitate consumer acceptance and adoption of healthier foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Nutritional Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ciaran G Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore
| | - Keri McCrickerd
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore
| | - E Siong Tee
- TES NutriHealth Strategic Consultancy, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pauline Chan
- International Life Sciences Institute Southeast Asia Region, Singapore
| | - Latifah Amin
- National University of Malaysia, Pusat CITRA Universiti, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Trinidad P Trinidad
- Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Sofia Amarra
- International Life Sciences Institute Southeast Asia Region, Singapore. ;
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17
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Abstract
Fructose metabolism is generally held to occur essentially in cells of the small bowel, the liver, and the kidneys expressing fructolytic enzymes (fructokinase, aldolase B and a triokinase). In these cells, fructose uptake and fructolysis are unregulated processes, resulting in the generation of intracellular triose phosphates proportionate to fructose intake. Triose phosphates are then processed into lactate, glucose and fatty acids to serve as metabolic substrates in other cells of the body. With small oral loads, fructose is mainly metabolized in the small bowel, while with larger loads fructose reaches the portal circulation and is largely extracted by the liver. A small portion, however, escapes liver extraction and is metabolized either in the kidneys or in other tissues through yet unspecified pathways. In sedentary subjects, consumption of a fructose-rich diet for several days stimulates hepatic de novo lipogenesis, increases intrahepatic fat and blood triglyceride concentrations, and impairs insulin effects on hepatic glucose production. All these effects can be prevented when high fructose intake is associated with increased levels of physical activity. There is also evidence that, during exercise, fructose carbons are efficiently transferred to skeletal muscle as glucose and lactate to be used for energy production. Glucose and lactate formed from fructose can also contribute to the re-synthesis of muscle glycogen after exercise. We therefore propose that the deleterious health effects of fructose are tightly related to an imbalance between fructose energy intake on one hand, and whole-body energy output related to a low physical activity on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cardiometabolic Center, Broye Hospital, Estavayer-le-lac, Switzerland
| | - Robin Rosset
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Gastaldi G, Gomes D, Schneiter P, Montet X, Tappy L, Clément S, Negro F. Treatment with direct-acting antivirals improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic, lean chronic hepatitis C patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217751. [PMID: 31170218 PMCID: PMC6553748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with insulin resistance, which may lead to type 2 diabetes and its complications. Although HCV infects mainly hepatocytes, it may impair insulin sensitivity at the level of uninfected extrahepatic tissues (muscles and adipose tissue). The aim of this study was to assess whether an interferon-free, antiviral therapy may improve HCV-associated hepatic vs. peripheral insulin sensitivity. METHODS In a single-arm exploratory trial, 17 non-diabetic, lean chronic hepatitis C patients without significant fibrosis were enrolled, and 12 completed the study. Patients were treated with a combination of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir and ribavirin for 12 weeks, and were submitted to a 2-step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp with tracers, together with indirect calorimetry measurement, to measure insulin sensitivity before and after 6 weeks of antivirals. A panel of 27 metabolically active cytokines was analyzed at baseline and after therapy-induced viral suppression. RESULTS Clamp analysis performed in 12 patients who achieved complete viral suppression after 6 weeks of therapy showed a significant improvement of the peripheral insulin sensitivity (13.1% [4.6-36.7], p = 0.003), whereas no difference was observed neither in the endogenous glucose production, in lipolysis suppression nor in substrate oxidation. A distinct subset of hepatokines, potentially involved in liver-to-periphery crosstalk, was modified by the antiviral therapy. CONCLUSION Pharmacological inhibition of HCV improves peripheral (but not hepatic) insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic, lean individuals with chronic hepatitis C without significant fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Gastaldi
- Division of Endocrinology, diabetology, hypertension and nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diana Gomes
- Department of Pathology and immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schneiter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Montet
- Division of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Clément
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Negro
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and hepatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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19
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Surowska A, Jegatheesan P, Campos V, Marques AS, Egli L, Cros J, Rosset R, Lecoultre V, Kreis R, Boesch C, Pouymayou B, Schneiter P, Tappy L. Effects of Dietary Protein and Fat Content on Intrahepatocellular and Intramyocellular Lipids during a 6-Day Hypercaloric, High Sucrose Diet: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010209. [PMID: 30669704 PMCID: PMC6357079 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose overfeeding increases intrahepatocellular (IHCL) and intramyocellular (IMCL) lipid concentrations in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that these effects would be modulated by diet protein/fat content. Twelve healthy men and women were studied on two occasions in a randomized, cross-over trial. On each occasion, they received a 3-day 12% protein weight maintenance diet (WM) followed by a 6-day hypercaloric high sucrose diet (150% energy requirements). On one occasion the hypercaloric diet contained 5% protein and 25% fat (low protein-high fat, LP-HF), on the other occasion it contained 20% protein and 10% fat (high protein-low fat, HP-LF). IHCL and IMCL concentrations (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry) were measured after WM, and again after HP-LF/LP-HF. IHCL increased from 25.0 ± 3.6 after WM to 147.1 ± 26.9 mmol/kg wet weight (ww) after LP-HF and from 30.3 ± 7.7 to 57.8 ± 14.8 after HP-LF (two-way ANOVA with interaction: p < 0.001 overfeeding x protein/fat content). IMCL increased from 7.1 ± 0.6 to 8.8 ± 0.7 mmol/kg ww after LP-HF and from 6.2 ± 0.6 to 6.9 ± 0.6 after HP-LF, (p < 0.002). These results indicate that liver and muscle fat deposition is enhanced when sucrose overfeeding is associated with a low protein, high fat diet compared to a high protein, low fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Surowska
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Vanessa Campos
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Anne-Sophie Marques
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Léonie Egli
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jérémy Cros
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Robin Rosset
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Virgile Lecoultre
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Kreis
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern and Institute of Diagnostic Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern and Institute of Diagnostic Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Bertrand Pouymayou
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern and Institute of Diagnostic Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Schneiter
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Cros J, Pianezzi E, Rosset R, Egli L, Schneiter P, Cornette F, Pouymayou B, Heinzer R, Tappy L, Kreis R, Boesch C, Haba-Rubio J, Lecoultre V. Impact of sleep restriction on metabolic outcomes induced by overfeeding: a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:17-28. [PMID: 30615104 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overconsumption of energy-dense foods and sleep restriction are both associated with the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but their combined effects remain poorly evaluated. Objective The aim of this study was to assess whether sleep restriction potentiates the effects of a short-term overfeeding on intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) concentrations and on glucose homeostasis. Design Ten healthy subjects were exposed to a 6-d overfeeding period (130% daily energy needs, with 15% extra energy as sucrose and 15% as fat), with normal sleep (8 h sleep opportunity time) or sleep restriction (4 h sleep opportunity time), according to a randomized, crossover design. At baseline and after intervention, IHCL concentrations were measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and a dual intravenous [6,6-2H2]-, oral 13C-labeled glucose tolerance test and a polysomnographic recording were performed. Results Overfeeding significantly increased IHCL concentrations (Poverfeeding < 0.001; overfeeding + normal sleep: +53% ± 16%). During the oral glucose tolerance test, overfeeding significantly increased endogenous glucose production (Poverfeeding = 0.034) and the oxidation of 13C-labeled glucose load (Poverfeeding = 0.038). Sleep restriction significantly decreased total sleep time, and the duration of stages 1 and 2 and rapid eye movement sleep (all P < 0.001), whereas slow-wave sleep duration was preserved (Poverfeeding × sleep = 0.809). Compared with overfeeding, overfeeding + sleep restriction did not change IHCL concentrations (Poverfeeding × sleep = 0.541; +83% ± 33%), endogenous glucose production (Poverfeeding × sleep = 0.567), or exogenous glucose oxidation (Poverfeeding × sleep = 0.118). Sleep restriction did not significantly alter blood pressure, heart rate, or plasma cortisol concentrations (all Poverfeeding × sleep = NS). Conclusions Six days of a high-sucrose, high-fat overfeeding diet significantly increased IHCL concentrations and increased endogenous glucose production, suggesting hepatic insulin resistance. These effects of overfeeding were not altered by sleep restriction. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02075723. Other study ID numbers: SleepDep 02/14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Cros
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enea Pianezzi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Rosset
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Léonie Egli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schneiter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Cornette
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Pouymayou
- Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Heinzer
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cardio-Metabolic Center, Broye Hospital, Estavayer-le-lac, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - José Haba-Rubio
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virgile Lecoultre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cardio-Metabolic Center, Broye Hospital, Estavayer-le-lac, Switzerland
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21
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Francey C, Cros J, Rosset R, Crézé C, Rey V, Stefanoni N, Schneiter P, Tappy L, Seyssel K. The extra-splanchnic fructose escape after ingestion of a fructose-glucose drink: An exploratory study in healthy humans using a dual fructose isotope method. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 29:125-132. [PMID: 30661675 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The presence of specific fructose transporters and fructose metabolizing enzymes has now been demonstrated in the skeletal muscle, brain, heart, adipose tissue and many other tissues. This suggests that fructose may be directly metabolized and play physiological or pathophysiological roles in extra-splanchnic tissues. Yet, the proportion of ingested fructose reaching the systemic circulation is generally not measured. This study aimed to assess the amount of oral fructose escaping first-pass splanchnic extraction after ingestion of a fructose-glucose drink using a dual oral-intravenous fructose isotope method. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers were studied over 2 h before and 4 h after ingestion of a drink containing 30.4 ± 1.0 g of glucose (mean ± SEM) and 30.4 ± 1.0 g of fructose labelled with 1% [U-13C6]-fructose. A 75%-unlabeled fructose and 25%-[6,6-2H2]-fructose solution was continuously infused (100 μg kg-1 min-1) over the 6 h period. Total systemic, oral and endogenous fructose fluxes were calculated from plasma fructose concentrations and isotopic enrichments. The fraction of fructose escaping first-pass splanchnic extraction was calculated assuming a complete intestinal absorption of the fructose drink. RESULTS Fasting plasma fructose concentration before tracer infusion was 17.9 ± 0.6 μmol.L-1. Fasting endogenous fructose production detected by tracer dilution analysis was 55.3 ± 3.8 μg kg-1min-1. Over the 4 h post drink ingestion, 4.4 ± 0.2 g of ingested fructose (i.e. 14.5 ± 0.8%) escaped first-pass splanchnic extraction and reached the systemic circulation. Endogenous fructose production significantly increased to a maximum of 165.4 ± 10.7 μg kg-1·min-1 60 min after drink ingestion (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that a non-negligible fraction of fructose is able to escape splanchnic extraction and circulate in the periphery. The metabolic effects of direct fructose metabolism in extra-splanchnic tissues, and their relationship with metabolic diseases, remain to be evaluated. Our results also open new research perspectives regarding the physiological role of endogenous fructose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Francey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 7A Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Cros
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 7A Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Robin Rosset
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 7A Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Camille Crézé
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 7A Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Valentine Rey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 7A Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Stefanoni
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 7A Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schneiter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 7A Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 7A Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Seyssel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 7A Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.
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22
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Bursać B, Djordjevic A, Veličković N, Milutinović DV, Petrović S, Teofilović A, Gligorovska L, Preitner F, Tappy L, Matić G. Involvement of glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism and signaling in rat visceral adipose tissue lipid metabolism after chronic stress combined with high-fructose diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:110-118. [PMID: 29729371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Both fructose overconsumption and increased glucocorticoids secondary to chronic stress may contribute to overall dyslipidemia. In this study we specifically assessed the effects and interactions of dietary fructose and chronic stress on lipid metabolism in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of male Wistar rats. We analyzed the effects of 9-week 20% high fructose diet and 4-week chronic unpredictable stress, separately and in combination, on VAT histology, glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism, glucocorticoid receptor subcellular redistribution and expression of major metabolic genes. Blood triglycerides and fatty acid composition were also measured to assess hepatic Δ9 desaturase activity. The results showed that fructose diet increased blood triglycerides and Δ9 desaturase activity. On the other hand, stress led to corticosterone elevation, glucocorticoid receptor activation and decrease in adipocyte size, while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, adipose tissue triglyceride lipase, FAT/CD36 and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) were increased, pointing to VAT lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis. The combination of stress and fructose diet was associated with marked stimulation of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA level and with increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase protein levels, suggesting a coordinated increase in hexose monophosphate shunt and de novo lipogenesis. It however did not influence the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, SREBP-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein. In conclusion, our results showed that only combination of dietary fructose and stress increase glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism and stimulates lipogenic enzyme expression suggesting that interaction between stress and fructose may be instrumental in promoting VAT expansion and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snježana Petrović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Ana Teofilović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Frederic Preitner
- Mouse Metabolic Facility (MEF), Center for Integrative genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 7, CH-1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gordana Matić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bovey F, Cros J, Tuzson B, Seyssel K, Schneiter P, Emmenegger L, Tappy L. Breath acetone as a marker of energy balance: an exploratory study in healthy humans. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:50. [PMID: 30201981 PMCID: PMC6131485 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An exploratory study was performed on eight healthy volunteers to assess how short-term changes in energy balance and dietary carbohydrate content impact breath acetone concentrations. Participants were studied on three occasions: on each occasion, they remained fasted and in resting conditions during the first 2 h to assess basal breath acetone and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB). During the next 6 h, they remained fasted on one occasion (F), or were fed hourly high carbohydrate (HC) or low-carbohydrate (LC) meals to induce a positive energy balance on the other two occasions. They remained in resting conditions during 4 h, then performed a 2-hour low intensity exercise (25 W) inducing a negative energy balance. In resting conditions, breath acetone and blood BOHB concentrations increased progressively compared to basal values in F, but decreased and remained low throughout the test in HC. With LC, breath acetone increased progressively, while blood BOHB decreased. This exploratory study indicates that breath acetone reliably detects a stimulation of ketogenesis during a short-term fast. It also suggests that LC and HC differentially impact BOHB and acetone production and utilization, and reveals possible limitations to the use of breath acetone as a marker of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bovey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Cros
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béla Tuzson
- Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Seyssel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schneiter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Emmenegger
- Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Cardio-Metabolic Center, Broye Hospital, Estavayer-le-lac, Switzerland.
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24
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Berger M, Pantet O, Jacquelin-Ravel N, Charrière M, Schmidt S, Becce F, Audran R, Spertini F, Tappy L, Pichard C. Supplemental parenteral nutrition does not alter carbohydrate and protein metabolism and improves immunity: The SPN2 randomized trial. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Debray FG, Damjanovic K, Rosset R, Mittaz-Crettol L, Roux C, Braissant O, Barbey F, Bonafé L, De Bandt JP, Tappy L, Paquot N, Tran C. Are heterozygous carriers for hereditary fructose intolerance predisposed to metabolic disturbances when exposed to fructose? Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:292-299. [PMID: 29955837 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High fructose intake causes hepatic insulin resistance and increases postprandial blood glucose, lactate, triglyceride, and uric acid concentrations. Uric acid may contribute to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in the general population. In patients with hereditary fructose intolerance, fructose consumption is associated with acute hypoglycemia, renal tubular acidosis, and hyperuricemia. Objective We investigated whether asymptomatic carriers for hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) would have a higher sensitivity to adverse effects of fructose than would the general population. Design Eight subjects heterozygous for HFI (hHFI; 4 men, 4 women) and 8 control subjects received a low-fructose diet for 7 d and on the eighth day ingested a test meal, calculated to provide 25% of the basal energy requirement, containing 13C-labeled fructose (0.35 g/kg), glucose (0.35 g/kg), protein (0.21 g/kg), and lipid (0.22 g/kg). Glucose rate of appearance (GRa, calculated with [6,6-2H2]glucose), fructose, net carbohydrate, and lipid oxidation, and plasma triglyceride, uric acid, and lactate concentrations were monitored over 6 h postprandially. Results Postprandial GRa, fructose, net carbohydrate, and lipid oxidation, and plasma lactate and triglyceride concentrations were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Postprandial plasma uric acid increased by 7.2% compared with fasting values in hHFI subjects (P < 0.01), but not in control subjects (-1.1%, ns). Conclusions Heterozygous carriers of hereditary fructose intolerance had no significant alteration of postprandial fructose metabolism compared with control subjects. They did, however, show a postprandial increase in plasma uric acid concentration that was not observed in control subjects in responses to ingestion of a modest amount of fructose. This trial was registered at the US Clinical Trials Registry as NCT02979106.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Guillaume Debray
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Medical Genetics, CHU & University of Liège, Member of the European Reference Network for Rare Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (METABERN), Belgium
| | - Katarina Damjanovic
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Rosset
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Clothilde Roux
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Luisa Bonafé
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Division of Genetic Medicine
| | - Jean-Pascal De Bandt
- EA 4466, Nutrition Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Luc Tappy
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Paquot
- Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine CHU Sart-Tilman and GIGA I3, Immunometabolism and Nutrition Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christel Tran
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Division of Genetic Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennie Brand-Miller
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Substantial amounts of fructose are present in our diet. Unlike glucose, this hexose cannot be metabolized by most cells and has first to be converted into glucose, lactate or fatty acids by enterocytes, hepatocytes and kidney proximal tubule cells, which all express specific fructose-metabolizing enzymes. This particular metabolism may then be detrimental in resting, sedentary subjects; however, this may also present some advantages for athletes. First, since fructose and glucose are absorbed through distinct, saturable gut transporters, co-ingestion of glucose and fructose may increase total carbohydrate absorption and oxidation. Second, fructose is largely metabolized into glucose and lactate, resulting in a net local lactate release from splanchnic organs (mostly the liver). This 'reverse Cori cycle' may be advantageous by providing lactate as an additional energy substrate to the working muscle. Following exercise, co-ingestion of glucose and fructose mutually enhance their own absorption and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Cardio-Metabolic Center, Broye Hospital, Estavayer-le-lac, Switzerland.
| | - Robin Rosset
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Crézé C, Candal L, Cros J, Knebel JF, Seyssel K, Stefanoni N, Schneiter P, Murray MM, Tappy L, Toepel U. The Impact of Caloric and Non-Caloric Sweeteners on Food Intake and Brain Responses to Food: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial in Healthy Humans. Nutrients 2018; 10:E615. [PMID: 29762471 PMCID: PMC5986495 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) consumption impacts food intake behavior in humans is still unclear. Discrepant sensory and metabolic signals are proposed to mislead brain regulatory centers, in turn promoting maladaptive food choices favoring weight gain. We aimed to assess whether ingestion of sucrose- and NNS-sweetened drinks would differently alter brain responses to food viewing and food intake. Eighteen normal-weight men were studied in a fasted condition and after consumption of a standardized meal accompanied by either a NNS-sweetened (NNS), or a sucrose-sweetened (SUC) drink, or water (WAT). Their brain responses to visual food cues were assessed by means of electroencephalography (EEG) before and 45 min after meal ingestion. Four hours after meal ingestion, spontaneous food intake was monitored during an ad libitum buffet. With WAT, meal intake led to increased neural activity in the dorsal prefrontal cortex and the insula, areas linked to cognitive control and interoception. With SUC, neural activity in the insula increased as well, but decreased in temporal regions linked to food categorization, and remained unchanged in dorsal prefrontal areas. The latter modulations were associated with a significantly lower total energy intake at buffet (mean kcal ± SEM; 791 ± 62) as compared to WAT (942 ± 71) and NNS (917 ± 70). In contrast to WAT and SUC, NNS consumption did not impact activity in the insula, but led to increased neural activity in ventrolateral prefrontal regions linked to the inhibition of reward. Total energy intake at the buffet was not significantly different between WAT and NNS. Our findings highlight the differential impact of caloric and non-caloric sweeteners on subsequent brain responses to visual food cues and energy intake. These variations may reflect an initial stage of adaptation to taste-calorie uncoupling, and could be indicative of longer-term consequences of repeated NNS consumption on food intake behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Crézé
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Candal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jérémy Cros
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-François Knebel
- The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Electroencephalography Brain Mapping Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) of Lausanne and Geneva, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kevin Seyssel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie Stefanoni
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Schneiter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Micah M Murray
- The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Electroencephalography Brain Mapping Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) of Lausanne and Geneva, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Metabolic Center, Hôpital Intercantonal de la Broye, 1470 Estavayer-le-Lac, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrike Toepel
- The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Electroencephalography Brain Mapping Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) of Lausanne and Geneva, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is increasing concern that dietary fructose may contribute to the development of noncommunicable diseases. This review identifies major new findings related to fructose's physiological or adverse effects. RECENT FINDINGS Fructose is mainly processed in splanchnic organs (gut, liver, kidneys) to glucose, lactate, and fatty acids, which can then be oxidized in extrasplanchnic organs and tissues. There is growing evidence that splanchnic lactate production, linked to extrasplanchnic lactate metabolism, represents a major fructose disposal pathway during and after exercise. Chronic excess fructose intake can be directly responsible for an increase in intrahepatic fat concentration and for the development of hepatic, but not muscle insulin resistance. Although it has long been thought that fructose was exclusively metabolized in splanchnic organs, several recent reports provide indirect that some fructose may also be metabolized in extrasplanchnic cells, such as adipocytes, muscle, or brain cells; the quantity of fructose directly metabolized in extrasplanchnic cells, and its physiological consequences, remain however unknown. There is also growing evidence that endogenous fructose production from glucose occurs in humans and may have important physiological functions, but may also be associated with adverse health effects. SUMMARY Fructose is a physiological nutrient which, when consumed in excess, may have adverse metabolic effects, mainly in the liver (hepatic insulin resistance and fat storage). There is also concern that exogenous or endogenously produced fructose may be directly metabolized in extrasplanchnic cells in which it may exert adverse metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Tappy
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne
- Metabolic Center, Hôpital Intercantonal de la Broye, Estavayer-le-lac, Switzerland
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Crézé C, Notter-Bielser ML, Knebel JF, Campos V, Tappy L, Murray M, Toepel U. The impact of replacing sugar- by artificially-sweetened beverages on brain and behavioral responses to food viewing – An exploratory study. Appetite 2018; 123:160-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Compared with other carbohydrates, fructose-containing caloric sweeteners (sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, pure fructose and fructose-glucose mixtures) are characterized by: a sweet taste generally associated with a positive hedonic tone; specific intestinal fructose transporters, i.e. GLUT5; a two-step fructose metabolism, consisting of the conversion of fructose carbones into ubiquitous energy substrates in splanchnic organs where fructolytic enzymes are expressed, and secondary delivery of these substrates to extrasplanchnic tissues. Fructose is a dispensable nutrient, yet its energy can be stored very efficiently owing to a rapid induction of intestinal fructose transporters and of splanchnic fructolytic and lipogenic enzymes by dietary fructose-containing caloric sweeteners. In addition, compared with fat or other dietary carbohydrates, fructose may be favored as an energy store because it uses different intestinal absorption mechanisms and different inter-organ trafficking pathways. These specific features make fructose an advantageous energy substrate in wild animals, mainly when consumed before periods of scarcity or high energy turnover such as migrations. These properties of fructose storage are also advantageous to humans who are involved in strenuous sport activities. In subjects with low physical activity, however, these same features of fructose metabolism may have the harmful effect of favoring energy overconsumption. Furthermore, a continuous exposure to high fructose intake associated with a low energy turnover leads to a chronic overproduction of intrahepatic trioses-phosphate production, which is secondarily responsible for the development of hepatic insulin resistance, intrahepatic fat accumulation, and increased blood triglyceride concentrations. In the long term, these effects may contribute to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Tappy
- Physiology Department, University of Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Tappy L. Comment gérer la progression calorique lors de la renutrition. NUTR CLIN METAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jegatheesan P, Surowska A, Campos V, Cros J, Stefanoni N, Rey V, Schneiter P, De Bandt JP, Tappy L. MON-P291: Dietary Protein Content Modulates the Amino-Acid and IGF1 Responses to Sucrose Overfeeding in Humans. Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(17)30798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Despland C, Walther B, Kast C, Campos V, Rey V, Stefanoni N, Tappy L. A randomized-controlled clinical trial of high fructose diets from either Robinia honey or free fructose and glucose in healthy normal weight males. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Tuzson B, Jágerská J, Looser H, Graf M, Felder F, Fill M, Tappy L, Emmenegger L. Highly Selective Volatile Organic Compounds Breath Analysis Using a Broadly-Tunable Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6377-6383. [PMID: 28514136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A broadly tunable mid-infrared vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) is employed in a direct absorption laser spectroscopic setup to measure breath acetone. The large wavelength coverage of more than 30 cm-1 at 3.38 μm allows, in addition to acetone, the simultaneous measurement of isoprene, ethanol, methanol, methane, and water. Despite the severe spectral interferences from water and alcohols, an unambiguous determination of acetone is demonstrated with a precision of 13 ppbv that is achieved after 5 min averaging at typical breath mean acetone levels in synthetic gas samples mimicking human breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Tuzson
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jana Jágerská
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Physics and Technology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Herbert Looser
- Institute for Aerosol and Sensor Technology, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz (FHNW) , 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Graf
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Luc Tappy
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, Universite de Lausanne (UNIL) , 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Emmenegger
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Barazzoni R, Deutz N, Biolo G, Bischoff S, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Cuerda C, Delzenne N, Leon Sanz M, Ljungqvist O, Muscaritoli M, Pichard C, Preiser J, Sbraccia P, Singer P, Tappy L, Thorens B, Van Gossum A, Vettor R, Calder P. Carbohydrates and insulin resistance in clinical nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert group. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:355-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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37
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Surowska A, De Giorgi S, Theytaz F, Campos V, Hodson L, Stefanoni N, Rey V, Schneiter P, Laville M, Giusti V, Gabert L, Tappy L. Erratum: Effects of roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on postprandial fructose metabolism. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:652. [PMID: 28229551 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Rosset R, Lecoultre V, Egli L, Cros J, Dokumaci AS, Zwygart K, Boesch C, Kreis R, Schneiter P, Tappy L. Postexercise repletion of muscle energy stores with fructose or glucose in mixed meals. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:609-617. [PMID: 28100512 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postexercise nutrition is paramount to the restoration of muscle energy stores by providing carbohydrate and fat as precursors of glycogen and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) synthesis. Compared with glucose, fructose ingestion results in lower postprandial glucose and higher lactate and triglyceride concentrations. We hypothesized that these differences in substrate concentration would be associated with a different partition of energy stored as IMCLs or glycogen postexercise.Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of isocaloric liquid mixed meals containing fat, protein, and either fructose or glucose on the repletion of muscle energy stores over 24 h after a strenuous exercise session.Design: Eight male endurance athletes (mean ± SEM age: 29 ± 2 y; peak oxygen consumption: 66.8 ± 1.3 mL · kg-1 · min-1) were studied twice. On each occasion, muscle energy stores were first lowered by a combination of a 3-d controlled diet and prolonged exercise. After assessment of glycogen and IMCL concentrations in vastus muscles, subjects rested for 24 h and ingested mixed meals providing fat and protein together with 4.4 g/kg fructose (the fructose condition; FRU) or glucose (the glucose condition; GLU). Postprandial metabolism was assessed over 6 h, and glycogen and IMCL concentrations were measured again after 24 h. Finally, energy metabolism was evaluated during a subsequent exercise session.Results: FRU and GLU resulted in similar IMCL [+2.4 ± 0.4 compared with +2.0 ± 0.6 mmol · kg-1 wet weight · d-1; time × condition (mixed-model analysis): P = 0.45] and muscle glycogen (+10.9 ± 0.9 compared with +12.3 ± 1.9 mmol · kg-1 wet weight · d-1; time × condition: P = 0.45) repletion. Fructose consumption in FRU increased postprandial net carbohydrate oxidation and decreased net carbohydrate storage (estimating total, muscle, and liver glycogen synthesis) compared with GLU (+117 ± 9 compared with +135 ± 9 g/6 h, respectively; P < 0.01). Compared with GLU, FRU also resulted in lower plasma glucose concentrations and decreased exercise performance the next day.Conclusions: Mixed meals containing fat, protein, and either fructose or glucose elicit similar repletion of IMCLs and muscle glycogen. Under such conditions, fructose lowers whole-body glycogen synthesis and impairs subsequent exercise performance, presumably because of lower hepatic glycogen stores. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01866215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Rosset
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Virgile Lecoultre
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Léonie Egli
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Jérémy Cros
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Ayse Sila Dokumaci
- Department of Clinical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karin Zwygart
- Department of Clinical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department of Clinical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- Department of Clinical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schneiter
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
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Campos V, Despland C, Brandejsky V, Kreis R, Schneiter P, Boesch C, Tappy L. Metabolic Effects of Replacing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages with Artificially-Sweetened Beverages in Overweight Subjects with or without Hepatic Steatosis: A Randomized Control Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030202. [PMID: 28264429 PMCID: PMC5372865 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Addition of fructose to the diet of normal weight and overweight subjects can increase postprandial plasma triglyceride and uric acid concentration. We, therefore, assessed whether replacing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) with artificially-sweetened beverages (ASB) in the diet of overweight and obese subjects would decrease these parameters. Methods: Twenty-six participants of the REDUCS study, which assessed the effects of replacing SSB by ASB over 12 weeks on intra-hepatocellular lipid concentration, were included in this sub-analysis. All were studied after a four-week run-in period during which they consumed their usual diet and SSBs, and after a 12-week intervention in which they were randomly assigned to replace their SSBs with ASBs (ASB arm) or to continue their usual diet and SSBs (control arm, CTRL). At the end of run-in (week 4) and again at the end of intervention (week 16), they took part in an 8.5 h metabolic investigation during which their plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, lactate, triglyceride (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and uric acid concentrations were measured over a 30 min fasting period (−30–0 min), then every 2 h over 480 min. with ingestion of standard breakfast at time 0 min and a standard lunch at time 240 min. Breakfast and lunch were consumed together with a 3.3 dL SSB at week 4 and with either an ASB (ASB arm) or a SSB (CTRL arm) at week 16. After analyzing the whole group, a secondary analysis was performed on 14 subjects with hepatic steatosis (seven randomized to ASB, seven to CTRL) and 12 subjects without hepatic steatosis (six randomized to ASB and six to CTRL). Results: Ingestion of meals increased plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, lactate, and TG concentrations and decreased NEFA concentrations, but with no significant difference of integrated postprandial responses between week 4 and week 16 in both ASB and CTRL, except for a slightly decreased glucagon response in ASB. There was, however, no significant postprandial increase in uric acid concentration in both arms. In the secondary analysis, replacing SSBs with ASBs did not significantly change postprandial TG and uric acid concentrations irrespective of the presence or not of hepatic steatosis, Conclusions: In overweight, high SSB consumers, replacing SSBs with ASBs during 12 weeks did not significantly alter post-prandial TG and uric acid concentration, in spite of the lower energy and fructose content of the meals. These effects were globally the same in subjects without and with hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Campos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Camille Despland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Vaclav Brandejsky
- Department of Clinical Research, University Bern and Institute of Diagnostic Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Kreis
- Department of Clinical Research, University Bern and Institute of Diagnostic Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Schneiter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department of Clinical Research, University Bern and Institute of Diagnostic Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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40
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Cruz-Hernandez C, Destaillats F, Thakkar SK, Goulet L, Wynn E, Grathwohl D, Roessle C, de Giorgi S, Tappy L, Giuffrida F, Giusti V. Monoacylglycerol-enriched oil increases EPA/DHA delivery to circulatory system in humans with induced lipid malabsorption conditions. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2208-2216. [PMID: 27707818 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p070144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It was hypothesized that under induced lipid malabsorption/maldigestion conditions, an enriched sn-1(3)-monoacylglycerol (MAG) oil may be a better carrier for n-3 long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) compared with triacylglycerol (TAG) from fish oil. This monocentric double blinded clinical trial examined the accretion of EPA (500 mg/day) and DHA (300 mg/day) when consumed as TAG or MAG, into the erythrocytes, plasma, and chylomicrons of 45 obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and ≤40 kg/m2) volunteers who were and were not administered Orlistat, an inhibitor of pancreatic lipases. Intake of MAG-enriched oil resulted in higher accretion of LC-PUFAs than with TAG, the concentrations of EPA and DHA in erythrocytes being, respectively, 72 and 24% higher at 21 days (P < 0.001). In addition, MAG increased the plasma concentration of EPA by 56% (P < 0.001) as compared with TAG. In chylomicrons, MAG intake yielded higher levels of EPA with the area under the curve (0-10 h) of EPA being 55% greater (P = 0.012). In conclusion, in obese human subjects with Orlistat-induced lipid maldigestion/malabsorption conditions, LC-PUFA MAG oil increased LC-PUFA levels in erythrocytes, plasma, and chylomicrons to a greater extent than TAG. These results indicate that MAG oil might require minimal enzymatic digestion prior to intestinal uptake and transfer across the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emma Wynn
- Nestlé Research Center, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sara de Giorgi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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41
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Seyssel K, Meugnier E, Lê KA, Durand C, Disse E, Blond E, Pays L, Nataf S, Brozek J, Vidal H, Tappy L, Laville M. Fructose overfeeding in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients impacts energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions in skeletal muscle. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2691-2699. [PMID: 27468128 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of the study was to assess the effects of a high-fructose diet (HFrD) on skeletal muscle transcriptomic response in healthy offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes, a subgroup of individuals prone to metabolic disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy normal weight first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients were submitted to a HFrD (+3.5 g fructose/kg fat-free mass per day) during 7 days. A global transcriptomic analysis was performed on skeletal muscle biopsies combined with in vitro experiments using primary myotubes. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted profound effects on fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial pathways supporting the whole-body metabolic shift with the preferential use of carbohydrates instead of lipids. Bioinformatics tools pointed out possible transcription factors orchestrating this genomic regulation, such as PPARα and NR4A2. In vitro experiments in human myotubes suggested an indirect action of fructose in skeletal muscle, which seemed to be independent from lactate, uric acid, or nitric oxide. CONCLUSION This study shows therefore that a large cluster of genes related to energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and lipid oxidation was downregulated after 7 days of HFrD, thus supporting the concept that overconsumption of fructose-containing foods could contribute to metabolic deterioration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Seyssel
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Kim-Anne Lê
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Durand
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Emilie Blond
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Laurent Pays
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,Banque de Cellules et de Tissus, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Serge Nataf
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,Banque de Cellules et de Tissus, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Hubert Vidal
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Laville
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
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42
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Bally L, Zueger T, Buehler T, Dokumaci AS, Speck C, Pasi N, Ciller C, Paganini D, Feller K, Loher H, Rosset R, Wilhelm M, Tappy L, Boesch C, Stettler C. Metabolic and hormonal response to intermittent high-intensity and continuous moderate intensity exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover study. Diabetologia 2016; 59:776-84. [PMID: 26739816 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS To investigate exercise-related fuel metabolism in intermittent high-intensity (IHE) and continuous moderate intensity (CONT) exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS In a prospective randomised open-label cross-over trial twelve male individuals with well-controlled type 1 diabetes underwent a 90 min iso-energetic cycling session at 50% maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]), with (IHE) or without (CONT) interspersed 10 s sprints every 10 min without insulin adaptation. Euglycaemia was maintained using oral (13)C-labelled glucose. (13)C Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) served to quantify hepatocellular and intramyocellular glycogen. Measurements of glucose kinetics (stable isotopes), hormones and metabolites complemented the investigation. RESULTS Glucose and insulin levels were comparable between interventions. Exogenous glucose requirements during the last 30 min of exercise were significantly lower in IHE (p = 0.02). Hepatic glucose output did not differ significantly between interventions, but glucose disposal was significantly lower in IHE (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in glycogen consumption. Growth hormone, catecholamine and lactate levels were significantly higher in IHE (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION IHE in individuals with type 1 diabetes without insulin adaptation reduced exogenous glucose requirements compared with CONT. The difference was not related to increased hepatic glucose output, nor to enhanced muscle glycogen utilisation, but to decreased glucose uptake. The lower glucose disposal in IHE implies a shift towards consumption of alternative substrates. These findings indicate a high flexibility of exercise-related fuel metabolism in type 1 diabetes, and point towards a novel and potentially beneficial role of IHE in these individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02068638 FUNDING: Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 320030_149321/) and R&A Scherbarth Foundation (Switzerland).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Bally
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zueger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tania Buehler
- Department Clinical Research and Department of Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ayse S Dokumaci
- Department Clinical Research and Department of Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Speck
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Pasi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Ciller
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Signal Processing Core, Centre for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Paganini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Feller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Loher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robin Rosset
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Preventive Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department Clinical Research and Department of Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stettler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Surowska A, De Giorgi S, Theytaz F, Campos V, Hodson L, Stefanoni N, Rey V, Schneiter P, Laville M, Giusti V, Gabert L, Tappy L. Effects of roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on postprandial fructose metabolism. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:589-96. [PMID: 26916239 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fructose is partly metabolized in small bowel enterocytes, where it can be converted into glucose or fatty acids. It was therefore hypothesized that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may significantly alter fructose metabolism. METHODS We performed a randomized clinical study in eight patients 12-17 months after RYGB and eight control (Ctrl) subjects. Each participant was studied after ingestion of a protein and lipid meal (PL) and after ingestion of a protein+lipid+fructose+glucose meal labeled with (13) C-fructose (PLFG). Postprandial blood glucose, fructose, lactate, apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations, (13) C-palmitate concentrations in chylomicron-TG and VLDL-TG, fructose oxidation ((13) CO2 production), and gluconeogenesis from fructose (GNGf) were measured over 6 hours. RESULTS After ingestion of PLFG, postprandial plasma fructose, glucose, insulin, and lactate concentrations increased earlier and reached higher peak values in RYGB than in Ctrl. GNGf was 33% lower in RYGB than Ctrl (P = 0.041), while fructose oxidation was unchanged. Postprandial incremental areas under the curves for total TG and chylomicrons-TG were 72% and 91% lower in RYGB than Ctrl (P = 0.064 and P = 0.024, respectively). ApoB48 and (13) C-palmitate concentrations were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial fructose metabolism was not grossly altered, but postprandial lipid concentrations were markedly decreased in subjects having had RYGB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Surowska
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara De Giorgi
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Theytaz
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Campos
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Valentine Rey
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Martine Laville
- Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône Alpes, Centre Européen De Nutrition Pour La Santé, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Vittorio Giusti
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Gabert
- Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône Alpes, Centre Européen De Nutrition Pour La Santé, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Egli L, Lecoultre V, Cros J, Rosset R, Marques AS, Schneiter P, Hodson L, Gabert L, Laville M, Tappy L. Exercise performed immediately after fructose ingestion enhances fructose oxidation and suppresses fructose storage. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:348-55. [PMID: 26702120 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise prevents the adverse effects of a high-fructose diet through mechanisms that remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We assessed the hypothesis that exercise prevents fructose-induced increases in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides by decreasing the fructose conversion into glucose and VLDL-triglyceride and fructose carbon storage into hepatic glycogen and lipids. DESIGN Eight healthy men were studied on 3 occasions after 4 d consuming a weight-maintenance, high-fructose diet. On the fifth day, the men ingested an oral (13)C-labeled fructose load (0.75 g/kg), and their total fructose oxidation ((13)CO2 production), fructose storage (fructose ingestion minus (13)C-fructose oxidation), fructose conversion into blood (13)C glucose (gluconeogenesis from fructose), blood VLDL-(13)C palmitate (a marker of hepatic de novo lipogenesis), and lactate concentrations were monitored over 7 postprandial h. On one occasion, participants remained lying down throughout the experiment [fructose treatment alone with no exercise condition (NoEx)], and on the other 2 occasions, they performed a 60-min exercise either 75 min before fructose ingestion [exercise, then fructose condition (ExFru)] or 90 min after fructose ingestion [fructose, then exercise condition (FruEx)]. RESULTS Fructose oxidation was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the FruEx (80% ± 3% of ingested fructose) than in the ExFru (46% ± 1%) and NoEx (49% ± 1%). Consequently, fructose storage was lower in the FruEx than in the other 2 conditions (P < 0.001). Fructose conversion into blood (13)C glucose, VLDL-(13)C palmitate, and postprandial plasma lactate concentrations was not significantly different between conditions. CONCLUSIONS Compared with sedentary conditions, exercise performed immediately after fructose ingestion increases fructose oxidation and decreases fructose storage. In contrast, exercise performed before fructose ingestion does not significantly alter fructose oxidation and storage. In both conditions, exercise did not abolish fructose conversion into glucose or its incorporation into VLDL triglycerides. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01866215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Egli
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virgile Lecoultre
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Cros
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Rosset
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Laure Gabert
- Centre for Research in Human Nutrition Rhône-Alpes and European Centre of Nutrition for Health, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre for Research in Human Nutrition Rhône-Alpes and European Centre of Nutrition for Health, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
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Giusti V, Theytaz F, Di Vetta V, Clarisse M, Suter M, Tappy L. Energy and macronutrient intake after gastric bypass for morbid obesity: a 3-y observational study focused on protein consumption. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:18-24. [PMID: 26675775 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on body weight has been amply documented, but few studies have simultaneously assessed the evolution of energy and macronutrient intakes, energy expenditure, and changes in body composition over time after an RYGB. OBJECTIVE We evaluated energy and macronutrient intakes, body composition, and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in obese female patients during the initial 3 y after an RYGB. METHODS Sixteen women with a mean ± SEM body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 44.1 ± 1.6 were included in this prospective observational study. The women were studied on 6 different occasions as follows: before and 1, 3, 6, 12 (n = 16), and 36 (n = 8) mo after surgery. On each occasion, food intake was evaluated from 4- or 7-d dietary records, body composition was assessed with the use of bio-impedancemetry, and energy expenditure was measured with the use of indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Body weight evolution showed the typical pattern reported after an RYGB. Total energy intake was 2072 ± 108 kcal/d at baseline and decreased to 681 ± 58 kcal/d at 1 mo after surgery (P < 0.05 compared with at baseline). Total energy intake progressively increased to reach 1240 ± 87 kcal/d at 12 mo after surgery (P < 0.05 compared with at 1 mo after surgery) and 1448 ± 57 kcal/d at 36 mo after surgery (P < 0.05 compared with at 12 mo after surgery). Protein intake was 87 ± 4 g/d at baseline and ± 2 g/d 1 mo after surgery (P < 0.05 compared with at baseline) and increased progressively thereafter to reach 57 ± 3 g/d at 36 mo after surgery (P < 0.05 compared with at 1 mo after surgery). Carbohydrate and fat intakes over time showed similar patterns. Protein intake from meat and cheese were significantly reduced early at 1 mo after surgery but increased thereafter (P < 0.05). The BMR decreased from 1.12 ± 0.04 kcal/min at baseline to 0.93 ± 0.03, 0.86 ± 0.03, and 0.85 ± 0.04 kcal/min at 3, 12, and 36 mo after surgery, respectively (all P < 0.05 compared with at baseline). CONCLUSIONS Total energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes decreased markedly during the initial 1-3 mo after an RYGB, whereas the BMR moderately decreased. The reduction in protein intake was particularly severe at 1 mo after surgery, and protein intake increased gradually after 3-6 mo after surgery. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01891591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Giusti
- Cardio-Metabolic Centre, Hôpital of Broye, Estavayer-le-Lac, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Theytaz
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | | | | | - Michel Suter
- Department of Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Cardio-Metabolic Centre, Hôpital of Broye, Estavayer-le-Lac, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and
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Campos V, Despland C, Brandejsky V, Kreis R, Schneiter P, Chiolero A, Boesch C, Tappy L. Sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages and intrahepatic fat: A randomized controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2335-9. [PMID: 26727115 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that substituting artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) for sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) decreases intrahepatocellular lipid concentrations (IHCL) in overweight subjects with high SSB consumption. METHODS About 31 healthy subjects with BMI greater than 25 kg/m(2) and a daily consumption of at least 660 ml SSB were randomized to a 12-week intervention in which they replaced SSBs with ASBs. Their IHCL (magnetic resonance spectroscopy), visceral adipose tissue volume (VAT; magnetic resonance imaging), food intake (2-day food records), and fasting blood concentrations of metabolic markers were measured after a 4-week run-in period and after a 12-week period with ASB or control (CTRL). RESULTS About 27 subjects completed the study. IHCL was reduced to 74% of the initial values with ASB (N = 14; P < 0.05) but did not change with CTRL. The decrease in IHCL attained with ASB was more important in subjects with IHCL greater than 60 mmol/l than in subjects with low IHCL. ALT decreased significantly with SSB only in subjects with IHCL greater than 60 mmol/l. There was otherwise no significant effect of ASB on body weight, VAT, or metabolic markers. CONCLUSIONS In subjects with overweight or obesity and a high SSB intake, replacing SSB with ASB decreased intrahepatic fat over a 12-week period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Campos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camille Despland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vaclav Brandejsky
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern and Institute of Diagnostic Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern and Institute of Diagnostic Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schneiter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Chiolero
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern and Institute of Diagnostic Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Tappy L, Schwarz JM. Metabolic Disorders. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119211945.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Suspicion that fructose-containing caloric sweeteners (FCCS) may play a causal role in the development of metabolic diseases has elicited intense basic and clinical research over the past 10 years. Prospective cohort studies converge to indicate that FCCS, and more specifically sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), consumption is associated with weight gain over time. Intervention studies in which FCCS or SSB consumption is altered while food intake is otherwise left ad libitum indicate that increased FCCS generally increases total energy intake and body weight, while FCCS reduction decreases body weight gain. Clinical trials assessing the effects of SSB reduction as a sole intervention however fail to observe clinically significant weight loss. Many mechanistic studies indicate that excess FCCS can cause potential adverse metabolic effects. Whether this is associated with a long-term risk remains unknown. Scientific evidence that excess FCCS intake causes more deleterious effects to health than excess of other macronutrients is presently lacking. However, the large consumption of FCCS in the population makes it one out of several targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland,
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Tappy
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fred Brouns
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Despland C, Campos V, Walther B, Kast C, Tappy L. Has honey different short‐term metabolic effects than glucose:fructose mixtures? A pilot human study. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.596.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Despland
- Departement of physiologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Vanessa Campos
- Departement of physiologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Luc Tappy
- Departement of physiologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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