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Garbutt P, Cyranka M, Michl J, Maejima Y, Vedovato N, Shimomura K, Swietach P, de Wet H. The release of GLP-1 from gut L cells is inhibited by low extracellular pH. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1819-1824. [PMID: 39238194 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestinal luminal pH profile varies from stomach to rectum and becomes disrupted in diseases. However, little is known about the pH dependence of incretin hormone secretion, with most in vitro studies having failed to consider this modulatory factor or having used nonphysiological buffer systems. Here, we report the extracellular pH (pHe) dependence of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) exocytosis from L cells. METHODS The pHe dependence of GLP-1 release from GLUTag cells and murine ex vivo primary gut cultures was detected by ELISA. GLP-1 release was measured over a range of pHe under a physiological (CO2/HCO3 -) buffering regime and in its absence (HEPES buffer). The relationship between intracellular pH (pHi) and pHe was mapped given that at least some component of pH sensitivity is likely to be intracellular. RESULTS GLP-1 secretion from L cells was pHe-dependent and stimulated under alkaline conditions. In the absence of glucose or extracellular calcium, secretion remained at a pHe-insensitive baseline. pHi followed changes in pHe, but the relationship was offset to more alkaline levels in the absence of CO2/HCO3 - buffer and became shallower if [Cl-] changes that normally accompany [HCO3 -] changes were compensated iso-osmotically with gluconate. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1 secretion is sensitive to pHe and the buffer present. Exploiting this mechanism therapeutically may benefit patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Garbutt
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Malgorzata Cyranka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johanna Michl
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Natascia Vedovato
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heidi de Wet
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Korkuć P, Neumann GB, Hesse D, Arends D, Reißmann M, Rahmatalla S, May K, Wolf MJ, König S, Brockmann GA. Whole-Genome Sequencing Data Reveal New Loci Affecting Milk Production in German Black Pied Cattle (DSN). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:581. [PMID: 36980854 PMCID: PMC10048491 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
German Black Pied (DSN) is considered an ancestral population of the Holstein breed. The goal of the current study was to fine-map genomic loci for milk production traits and to provide sequence variants for selection. We studied genome-wide associations for milk-production traits in 2160 DSN cows. Using 11.7 million variants from whole-genome sequencing of 304 representative DSN cattle, we identified 1980 associated variants (-log10(p) ≥ 7.1) in 13 genomic loci on 9 chromosomes. The highest significance was found for the MGST1 region affecting milk fat content (-log10(p) = 11.93, MAF = 0.23, substitution effect of the minor allele (ßMA) = -0.151%). Different from Holstein, DGAT1 was fixed (0.97) for the alanine protein variant for high milk and protein yield. A key gene affecting protein content was CSN1S1 (-log10(p) = 8.47, MAF = 049, ßMA = -0.055%) and the GNG2 region (-log10(p) = 10.48, MAF = 0.34, ßMA = 0.054%). Additionally, we suggest the importance of FGF12 for protein and fat yield, HTR3C for milk yield, TLE4 for milk and protein yield, and TNKS for milk and fat yield. Selection for favored alleles can improve milk yield and composition. With respect to maintaining the dual-purpose type of DSN, unfavored linkage to genes affecting muscularity has to be investigated carefully, before the milk-associated variants can be applied for selection in the small population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Korkuć
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guilherme B. Neumann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Deike Hesse
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Danny Arends
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison PI, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Monika Reißmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siham Rahmatalla
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina May
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Ludwigstr. 21, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Manuel J. Wolf
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Ludwigstr. 21, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Ludwigstr. 21, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Gudrun A. Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Chen T, Zhang S, Zhou D, Lu P, Mo X, Tamrakar R, Yang X. Screening of co-pathogenic genes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911808. [PMID: 36033523 PMCID: PMC9410624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its carcinogenic mechanism is still unclear, looking for both diseases’ transcriptome levels, the same changes as we are looking for NAFLD may provide a potential mechanism of action of HCC. Thus, our study aimed to discover the coexisting pathogenic genes of NAFLD and HCC. Methods We performed a variance analysis with public data for both diseases. At the same time, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to find highly correlated gene modules in both diseases. The darkturquoise gene module was found to be highly correlated with both diseases. Based on the diagnosis related module genes and the differential genes of the two diseases, we constructed diagnostic and prognostic models by logistic regression, univariate Cox regression, and LASSO regression. Public datasets verified the results. Meanwhile, we built a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network based on the model genes and explored the related pathways and immune correlation involved in the two diseases by using Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and gene set enrichment analyses. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the different expression of ABCC5 and TUBG1 among the normal liver, NAFLD, and HCC tissues. Sodium palmitate/sodium oleate was used to establish high-fat cell models, and Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to verify the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of ABCC5 in lipidization cells. Results A total of 26 upregulated genes and 87 downregulated genes were found using limma package identification analysis. According to WGCNA, the darkturquoise gene module was highly correlated with the prognosis of both diseases. The coexisting genes acquired by the two groups were only three central genes, that is, ABCC5, DHODH and TUBG1. The results indicated that the diagnostic and prognostic models constructed by ABCC5 and TUBG1 genes had high accuracy in both diseases. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that ABCC5 and TUBG1 were significantly overexpressed in NAFLD and HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues. The Oil Red O staining and triglyceride identified the successful construction of HepG2 and LO2 high-fat models using PA/OA. The results of RT-qPCR showed that the lipidization of LO2 and HepG2 increased the mRNA expression of ABCC5. Conclusions The gene model constructed by ABCC5 and TUBG1 has high sensibility and veracity in the diagnosis of NAFLD as well as the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. ABCC5 and TUBG1 may play an important role in the development of NAFLD to HCC. In addition, lipidization could upregulate the mRNA expression of ABCC5 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Yang, ; Siwen Zhang,
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xianglai Mo
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rashi Tamrakar
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Yang, ; Siwen Zhang,
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Wang K, Li L, Jin J, An Y, Wang Z, Zhou S, Zhang J, Abuduaini B, Cheng C, Li N. Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) inhibits the expression levels of immune response genes via alteration of alternative splicing in islet cells. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108159. [PMID: 35210136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that fatty acid synthase (Fasn) is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance, however, it remains unclear how Fasn upregulation leads to dysregulation of energy homeostasis in islet cells. Consequently, uncovering the function of Fasn in islet cells. Consequently, uncovering the function of FASN in islet cells is immensely important for finding a treatment target. AIM In this study, we elucidated the biological function of Fasn on the target genes in a rat insulinoma INS-1 cell line. METHODS We created a Fasn overexpressing rat insulinoma cell line (Fasn-OE), and performed bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments on Fasn-OE and INS-1 (control) cells. We first identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using Bioconductor package edgeR, and then discovered enriched gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways using the KEGG Orthology Based Annotation System (KOBAS) 2.0 web server. Furthermore, we identified alternative splicing events (ASEs) and regulated alternative splicing events (RASEs) by applying the ABLas pipeline. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used for validation of selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Fasn-regulated alternative splicing genes (RASGs). RESULTS In this study we found that Fasn overexpression led to significant changes of gene expression profiles, including downregulations of mRNA levels of immune related genes, including Bst2, Ddit3, Isg15, Mx2, Oas1a, Oasl, and RT1-S3 in INS-1 cell line. Furthermore, Fasn positively regulated the expression of transcription factors such as Fat1 and Ncl diabetes-related genes. Importantly, Fasn overexpression to result in alternative splicing events including in a metabolism-associated ATP binding protein mRNA Abcc5. In Gene Ontology analysis, the downregulated genes in Fasn-OE cells were mainly enriched in inflammatory response and innate immune response. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the downregulated genes were mainly enriched in TNF signaling pathway and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that upregulation of Fasn may play a critical role in islet cell immunmetabolism via modifications of immune/inflammatory related genes on transcription and alternative splicing level, which provide novel insights into characterizing the function of Fasn in islet cell immunity and for the development of chemo/immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunling Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Yanli An
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Zhongjuan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Shiying Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- The First Clinical Institute of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Buzukela Abuduaini
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.
| | - Chao Cheng
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
| | - Ning Li
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
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5
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Cyranka M, Monfeuga T, Vedovato N, Larabee CM, Chandran A, Toledo EM, de Wet H. NMDA Receptor Antagonists Increase the Release of GLP-1 From Gut Endocrine Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:861311. [PMID: 35571112 PMCID: PMC9091448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.861311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains one of the most pressing health issues facing modern society. Several antidiabetic drugs are currently in clinical use to treat hyperglycaemia, but there is a need for new treatments that effectively restore pancreatic islet function in patients. Recent studies reported that both murine and human pancreatic islets exhibit enhanced insulin release and β-cell viability in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Furthermore, oral administration of dextromethorphan, an over-the-counter NMDA receptor antagonist, to diabetic patients in a small clinical trial showed improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin release. However, the effects of NMDA receptor antagonists on the secretion of the incretin hormone GLP-1 was not tested, and nothing is known regarding how NMDA receptor antagonists may alter the secretion of gut hormones. This study demonstrates for the first time that, similar to β-cells, the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 increases the release of GLP-1 from a murine L-cell enteroendocrine model cell line, GLUTag cells. Furthermore, we report the 3′ mRNA expression profiling of GLUTag cells, with a specific focus on glutamate-activated receptors. We conclude that if NMDA receptor antagonists are to be pursued as an alternative, orally administered treatment for T2DM, it is essential that the effects of these drugs on the release of gut hormones, and specifically the incretin hormones, are fully investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Cyranka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Monfeuga
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natascia Vedovato
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chelsea M Larabee
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Enrique M Toledo
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi de Wet
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Mirzaeicheshmeh E, Zerrweck C, Centeno-Cruz F, Baca-Peynado P, Martinez-Hernandez A, García-Ortiz H, Contreras-Cubas C, Salas-Martínez MG, Saldaña-Alvarez Y, Mendoza-Caamal EC, Barajas-Olmos F, Orozco L. Alterations of DNA methylation during adipogenesis differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adipose tissue of patients with obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes. Adipocyte 2021; 10:493-504. [PMID: 34699309 PMCID: PMC8555535 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1978157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis regulation is crucial for mature adipocyte function. In obesity, a major driver of type 2 diabetes (T2D), this process is disrupted and remains poorly characterized. Here we identified altered DNA methylation profiles in diabetic obese patients, during three adipocytes differentiation stages. We isolated mesenchymal cells from visceral adipose tissue of obese patients with and without T2D to analyse DNA methylation profiles at 0, 3, and 18 days of ex vivo differentiation and documented their impact on gene expression. Methylation and gene expression were analysed with EPIC and Clarion S arrays, respectively. Patients with T2D had epigenetic alterations in all the analysed stages, and these were mainly observed in genes important in adipogenesis, insulin resistance, cell death programming, and immune effector processes. Importantly, at 3 days, we found six-fold more methylated CpG alterations than in the other stages. This is the first study to document epigenetic markers that persist through all three adipogenesis stages and their impact on gene expression, which could be a cellular metabolic memory involved in T2D. Our data provided evidence that, throughout the adipogenesis process, alterations occur in methylation that might impact mature adipocyte function, cause tissue malfunction, and potentially, lead to the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mirzaeicheshmeh
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica, Ss, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Zerrweck
- Clínica de Obesidad del Hospital General Tláhuac, SSA, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad De Medicina, Alta Especialidad En Cirugía Bariatrica, Unam, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Federico Centeno-Cruz
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica, Ss, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paulina Baca-Peynado
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica, Ss, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Martinez-Hernandez
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica, Ss, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto García-Ortiz
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica, Ss, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Contreras-Cubas
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica, Ss, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Yolanda Saldaña-Alvarez
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica, Ss, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Barajas-Olmos
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica, Ss, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica, Ss, Mexico City, Mexico
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MicroRNA-29a in Osteoblasts Represses High-Fat Diet-Mediated Osteoporosis and Body Adiposis through Targeting Leptin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179135. [PMID: 34502056 PMCID: PMC8430888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal tissue involves systemic adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure. MicroRNA signaling controls high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone and fat homeostasis dysregulation remains uncertain. This study revealed that transgenic overexpression of miR-29a under control of osteocalcin promoter in osteoblasts (miR-29aTg) attenuated HFD-mediated body overweight, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia. HFD-fed miR-29aTg mice showed less bone mass loss, fatty marrow, and visceral fat mass together with increased subscapular brown fat mass than HFD-fed wild-type mice. HFD-induced O2 underconsumption, respiratory quotient repression, and heat underproduction were attenuated in miR-29aTg mice. In vitro, miR-29a overexpression repressed transcriptomic landscapes of the adipocytokine signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, and lipid transport, etc., of bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells. Forced miR-29a expression promoted osteogenic differentiation but inhibited adipocyte formation. miR-29a signaling promoted brown/beige adipocyte markers Ucp-1, Pgc-1α, P2rx5, and Pat2 expression and inhibited white adipocyte markers Tcf21 and Hoxc9 expression. The microRNA also reduced peroxisome formation and leptin expression during adipocyte formation and downregulated HFD-induced leptin expression in bone tissue. Taken together, miR-29a controlled leptin signaling and brown/beige adipocyte formation of osteogenic progenitor cells to preserve bone anabolism, which reversed HFD-induced energy underutilization and visceral fat overproduction. This study sheds light on a new molecular mechanism by which bone integrity counteracts HFD-induced whole-body fat overproduction.
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8
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Donepudi AC, Lee Y, Lee JY, Schuetz JD, Manautou JE. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4) is a novel genetic factor in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21304. [PMID: 33417247 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001299rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 4 (Mrp4) is an efflux transporter known to transport several xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. We recently identified that the lack of Mrp4 increases adipose tissue and body weights in mice. However, the role of Mrp4 in adipose tissue physiology are unknown. The current study aimed at characterizing these specific roles of Mrp4 using wild-type (WT) and knockout (Mrp4-/- ) mice. Our studies determined that Mrp4 is expressed in mouse adipose tissue and that the lack of Mrp4 expression is associated with adipocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, the lack of Mrp4 increased blood glucose and leptin levels, and impaired glucose tolerance. Additionally, in 3T3-L1 cells and human pre-adipocytes, pharmacological inhibition of Mrp4 increased adipogenesis and altered expression of adipogenic genes. Lack of Mrp4 activity in both of our in vivo and in vitro models leads to increased activation of adipose tissue cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) and decreased plasma prostaglandin E (PGE) metabolite levels. These changes in Creb activation, coupled with decreased PGE levels, together promoted the observed metabolic phenotype in Mrp4-/- mice. In conclusion, our results indicate that Mrp4 as a novel genetic factor involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay C Donepudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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9
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Kondkar AA. Updates on Genes and Genetic Mechanisms Implicated in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:89-112. [PMID: 33727852 PMCID: PMC7955727 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s274884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is estimated to affect over 30 million people worldwide by 2040 and is highly prevalent in the Asian population. PACG is more severe and carries three times the higher risk of blindness than primary open-angle glaucoma, thus representing a significant public health concern. High heritability and ethnic-specific predisposition to PACG suggest the involvement of genetic factors in disease development. In the recent past, genetic studies have led to the successful identification of several genes and loci associated with PACG across different ethnicities. The precise cellular and molecular roles of these multiple loci in the development and progression of PACG remains to be elucidated. Nonetheless, these studies have significantly increased our understanding of the emerging cellular processes and biological pathways that might provide more significant insights into the disease’s genetic etiology and may be valuable for future clinical applications. This review aims to summarize and update the current knowledge of PACG genetics analysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Orkin JD, Montague MJ, Tejada-Martinez D, de Manuel M, Del Campo J, Cheves Hernandez S, Di Fiore A, Fontsere C, Hodgson JA, Janiak MC, Kuderna LFK, Lizano E, Martin MP, Niimura Y, Perry GH, Valverde CS, Tang J, Warren WC, de Magalhães JP, Kawamura S, Marquès-Bonet T, Krawetz R, Melin AD. The genomics of ecological flexibility, large brains, and long lives in capuchin monkeys revealed with fecalFACS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2010632118. [PMID: 33574059 PMCID: PMC7896301 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010632118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological flexibility, extended lifespans, and large brains have long intrigued evolutionary biologists, and comparative genomics offers an efficient and effective tool for generating new insights into the evolution of such traits. Studies of capuchin monkeys are particularly well situated to shed light on the selective pressures and genetic underpinnings of local adaptation to diverse habitats, longevity, and brain development. Distributed widely across Central and South America, they are inventive and extractive foragers, known for their sensorimotor intelligence. Capuchins have among the largest relative brain size of any monkey and a lifespan that exceeds 50 y, despite their small (3 to 5 kg) body size. We assemble and annotate a de novo reference genome for Cebus imitator Through high-depth sequencing of DNA derived from blood, various tissues, and feces via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (fecalFACS) to isolate monkey epithelial cells, we compared genomes of capuchin populations from tropical dry forests and lowland rainforests and identified population divergence in genes involved in water balance, kidney function, and metabolism. Through a comparative genomics approach spanning a wide diversity of mammals, we identified genes under positive selection associated with longevity and brain development. Additionally, we provide a technological advancement in the use of noninvasive genomics for studies of free-ranging mammals. Our intra- and interspecific comparative study of capuchin genomics provides insights into processes underlying local adaptation to diverse and physiologically challenging environments, as well as the molecular basis of brain evolution and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Orkin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T38 6A8, Canada
| | - Michael J Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146
| | - Daniela Tejada-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Ecología y Evolución, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Marc de Manuel
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Del Campo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology and Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, 170901 Cumbayá, Ecuador
| | - Claudia Fontsere
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jason A Hodgson
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mareike C Janiak
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T38 6A8, Canada
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas F K Kuderna
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Lizano
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pia Martin
- Kids Saving the Rainforest Wildlife Rescue Center, 60601 Quepos, Costa Rica
| | - Yoshihito Niimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - George H Perry
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | | | - Jia Tang
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Wesley C Warren
- Division of Animal Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Shoji Kawamura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 277-8562 Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomàs Marquès-Bonet
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico-Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T38 6A8, Canada
| | - Amanda D Melin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T38 6A8, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T38 6A8, Canada
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Maude H, Lau W, Maniatis N, Andrew T. New Insights Into Mitochondrial Dysfunction at Disease Susceptibility Loci in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:694893. [PMID: 34456865 PMCID: PMC8385132 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.694893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential genetic mechanisms which underlie adipose tissue mitochondrial dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes (T2D), by systematically identifying nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (NEMGs) among the genes regulated by T2D-associated genetic loci. The target genes of these 'disease loci' were identified by mapping genetic loci associated with both disease and gene expression levels (expression quantitative trait loci, eQTL) using high resolution genetic maps, with independent estimates co-locating to within a small genetic distance. These co-locating signals were defined as T2D-eQTL and the target genes as T2D cis-genes. In total, 763 cis-genes were associated with T2D-eQTL, of which 50 were NEMGs. Independent gene expression datasets for T2D and insulin resistant cases and controls confirmed that the cis-genes and cis-NEMGs were enriched for differential expression in cases, providing independent validation that genetic maps can identify informative functional genes. Two additional results were consistent with a potential role of T2D-eQTL in regulating the 50 identified cis-NEMGs in the context of T2D risk: (1) the 50 cis-NEMGs showed greater differential expression compared to other NEMGs and (2) other NEMGs showed a trend towards significantly decreased expression if their expression levels correlated more highly with the subset of 50 cis-NEMGs. These 50 cis-NEMGs, which are differentially expressed and associated with mapped T2D disease loci, encode proteins acting within key mitochondrial pathways, including some of current therapeutic interest such as the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, GABA and biotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Maude
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Winston Lau
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas Maniatis
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Andrew
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Toby Andrew,
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