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Pekkurnaz D. Causal effect of obesity on the probability of employment in women in Turkey. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 51:101301. [PMID: 37651829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the causal effect of obesity on the employment probability of women in Turkey via the instrumental variable approach by using data from the 2018 Turkey and Demographic Health Survey. Obesity prevalence in the area of living and the overweight status of the oldest child, which are the most common types of instruments seen in the literature, are used as instruments. Consistent with the OLS result, the 2SLS estimate indicates that obese women are statistically significantly less likely to be employed when the overweight status of the child is used as an instrument. On the other hand, the statistically significant effect of obesity disappears when the area level obesity prevalence is used as the instrument. In addition, obesity in women decreases the likelihood of employment in the services sector and full-time jobs and employment with social security. Although the results of this study do not indicate the source of the effect found, the presence of a causal relationship for women should not be ignored when the economic burden of obesity for Turkey is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Pekkurnaz
- Başkent University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Bağlıca Campus, Fatih Sultan Mahallesi, Eskişehir Yolu 18. Km, Etimesgut, 06790 Ankara, Turkey.
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Van Hoang D, Inoue Y, Fukunaga A, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Okazaki H, Yamamoto M, Miyamoto T, Gommori N, Kochi T, Shirasaka T, Eguchi M, Ogasawara T, Yamamoto K, Konishi M, Katayama N, Kabe I, Dohi S, Mizoue T. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of severe cancer events: a longitudinal study in Japanese workers. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:555. [PMID: 37328825 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with cancer risk; however, little is known regarding its relationship with the risk of cancer-related premature death and long-term sick leave (LTSL), which can lead to a substantial loss in working years. The present study aimed to quantify the all-site and site-specific associations between MetS and the risk of severe cancer events (a composite outcome of LTSL and mortality due to cancer) in a large working population in Japan. METHODS We recruited 70,875 workers (59,950 men and 10,925 women), aged 20-59 years, who attended health check-ups in 2011 (10 companies) and 2014 (2 companies). All workers underwent follow up for severe cancer events until March 31, 2020. MetS was defined in accordance with the Joint Interim Statement. Cox regression models were used to quantify the association between baseline MetS and severe cancer events. RESULTS During 427,379 person-years of follow-up, 523 participants experienced the outcome consisting of 493 LTSLs of which 124 eventually resulted in death, and 30 deaths without taking LTSL. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for composite severe events due to all-site, obesity-related, and non-obesity-related cancer among those with vs. without MetS were 1.26 (1.03, 1.55), 1.37 (1.04, 1.82), and 1.15 (0.84, 1.56), respectively. In cancer site-specific analyses, MetS was associated with an increased risk of severe events due to pancreatic cancer (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 0.99-4.26). When mortality was treated solely as the endpoint, the association was significant for all-site (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.10-2.26), and obesity-related (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.00-2.54) cancer. Additionally, a greater number of MetS components was associated with a greater risk of both severe cancer events and cancer-related mortality (P trend < 0.05). CONCLUSION Among Japanese workers, MetS was associated with an increased risk of severe cancer events, especially those due to obesity-linked cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Van Hoang
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Honda
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Naoki Gommori
- East Japan Works (Keihin), JFE Steel Corporation, Keihin, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenya Yamamoto
- Division of Chemical Information, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kiyose, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Nobumi Katayama
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | | | | | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
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Iwasaki S, Deguchi Y, Hirota T, Shirahama Y, Nakamichi Y, Okawa Y, Uesaka Y, Inoue K. Ten-year trends in long-term sickness absence among Japanese public servants: 2009-2018. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2023; 61:68-77. [PMID: 35370225 PMCID: PMC9902268 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sickness absences are a significant public health and economic problem worldwide. However, sickness absence diagnoses and trends have not been reported in much detail in Japan. This study was a retrospective cohort study. We examined data on certified diagnoses and the durations of sickness absence lasting over 90 days (long-term sickness absence) from 2009-2018 among city public servants in Japan. We found that 1) "Mental and behavioral disorders" (495.0-780.6 per 100,000 employees) was the most prevalent reason for long-term sickness absence, and "Mood disorders" (318.6-584.3 per 100,000 employees) was the most prevalent mental disorders diagnosis in each study year; 2) the prevalence of long-term sickness absence for mental disorders showed decreasing trends (781/100,000 in 2009 to 622/100,000 in 2018; [p=0.005, for the trend test]); 3) the trends differed by gender (p<0.05) and age (p<0.001); and 4) the duration of long-term sickness absence related to mental disorders (13.2 ± 9.0 months) was longer than long-term sickness absence resulting from all physical disorders except for diseases of the circulatory system (15.1 ± 11.6 months). Increased focus on significant depressive and neurotic disorders is needed when promoting mental health in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Deguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hirota
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shirahama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakamichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yutaro Okawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuki Uesaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koki Inoue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Fukunaga A, Inoue Y, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Okazaki H, Yamamoto M, Miyamoto T, Gonmori N, Kochi T, Eguchi M, Shirasaka T, Yamamoto K, Hori A, Tomita K, Konishi M, Katayama N, Kabe I, Dohi S, Mizoue T. Diabetes, prediabetes, and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. J Psychosom Res 2022; 158:110925. [PMID: 35569177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of diabetes and prediabetes with long-term sickness absence (LTSA) due to mental disorders or specific mental disorders. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. A total of 62,065 workers who received health check-ups in 2011 (nine companies) or 2014 (two companies) and were followed up to March 31, 2020 were included in this study. Diabetes status was defined based on the American Diabetes Association criteria, and diabetes was differentiated into diabetes with/without anti-diabetic treatment for additional analysis. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to investigate these associations. RESULTS During maximum 8-year follow-up period, 1024 participants underwent LTSA due to mental disorders. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of LTSA due to all mental disorders were 1.10 (0.88-1.38) and 1.45 (1.07-1.98) for prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. Diabetic individuals with/without treatment were both at a high risk of LTSA due to mental disorders. For specific mental disorders, diabetes was associated with a higher risk of LTSA due to reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders (aHR = 3.02, 95% CI = 2.01-4.52) while it was marginally associated with LTSA due to depressive episode (aHR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.98-1.60). Prediabetes was also associated with LTSA due to reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders (aHR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08-1.84). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests the importance of screening diabetes status and providing psychological support for decreasing the risk of LTSA due to mental disorders within working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Honda
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Naoki Gonmori
- East Japan Works (Keihin), JFE Steel Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kenya Yamamoto
- Division of Chemical Information, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ai Hori
- Department of Global Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobumi Katayama
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hoang DV, Akter S, Inoue Y, Kuwahara K, Fukunaga A, Islam Z, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Okazaki H, Miyamoto T, Ogasawara T, Sasaki N, Uehara A, Yamamoto M, Kochi T, Eguchi M, Shirasaka T, Shimizu M, Nagahama S, Hori A, Imai T, Nishihara A, Tomita K, Nishiura C, Konishi M, Kabe I, Yamamoto K, Mizoue T, Dohi S. Metabolic syndrome and the increased risk of medically-certified long-term sickness absence: a prospective analysis among Japanese workers. J Epidemiol 2021. [PMID: 34690243 PMCID: PMC10165215 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with various chronic diseases which may lead to long-term sickness absence (LTSA), but there is lacking information on the direct association between MetS and LTSA. The present study aimed to investigate the all-cause and cause-specific associations between MetS and the risk of medically-certified LTSA among Japanese workers. METHOD We recruited 67,403 workers (57,276 men and 10,127 women), aged 20-59 years, of 13 companies in Japan, during their health check-ups in 2011 (11 companies) and 2014 (2 companies), and followed them up for LTSA events (≥ 30 consecutive days) until March 31, 2020. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for LTSA associated with MetS and its components. RESULTS During 408,324 person-years of follow-up, 2,915 workers experienced LTSA. The adjusted HR for all-cause LTSA was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.41-1.68) among those with vs without MetS. In cause-specific analysis, HRs associated with MetS significantly increased for LTSA due to overall physical disorders (1.76), cardiovascular diseases (3.16), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (2.01), cancers (1.24), obesity-related cancers (1.35), mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders (1.28), reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders (1.46) and external causes (1.46). The number of MetS components were also significantly associated with increased LTSA risk. CONCLUSION MetS was associated with an increase in the risk of LTSA due to various diseases among Japanese workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong V Hoang
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine.,Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Zobida Islam
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | | | - Toru Honda
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ai Hori
- Department of Global Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | | | - Kenya Yamamoto
- Division of Chemical Information, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
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Silva-Junior JS, Martinez MC, Griep RH, Fischer FM. Return to Work After a Disabling Mental Disorder: Predictors From a Brazilian 1-Year Longitudinal Study. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e505-e511. [PMID: 33990526 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze factors that influence return to work (RTW) among workers on sickness absence due to mental disorders. METHODS A longitudinal study conducted between 2014 and 2017 in São Paulo, Brazil. The 385 participants answered a questionnaire including sociodemographics, habits/lifestyle, job characteristics, and clinical information. Survival analysis was performed to identify factors influencing the RTW. RESULTS Most of participants were females (74.5%), worked in jobs dealing with public (44.2%) and were depressed (52.4%). RTW occurred for 68.3% participants over 1-year follow-up. Mean duration of absence was 163.83 days. The risk profile for remaining absent was heavy smokers, be abstainer, obese, deal with the public, perceived great effort at work, and low self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS These findings can contribute in discussion about disability prevention and interventions to assure mental health care for workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Silvestre Silva-Junior
- Graduate Public Health Program, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Dr Silva-Junior and Prof Fischer); Department of Medicine, São Camilo University Center, São Paulo, Brazil (Dr Silva-Junior); WAF Informatics and Health, São Paulo, Brazil (Dr Martinez); Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Dr Griep); Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Prof Fischer)
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Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure and cardiovascular events among the working-age population in Japan: findings from the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1017-1025. [PMID: 33990791 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of blood pressure, which is calculated based on several readings, has been suggested to be a significant predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality, independent of mean blood pressure. This study examined associations between the VVV of systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured annually and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among 72,617 Japanese subjects. Data were obtained from the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study, which is an ongoing epidemiological survey of workers in Japan. VVV was calculated as the coefficient of variation of SBP readings from 2008 to 2011; information on fatal and nonfatal CVD events was collected from registries of specific outcomes between April 2012 and March 2019. A Cox proportional hazards model was applied to investigate associations after adjusting for mean SBP between 2008 and 2011 and covariates. During the 7-year follow-up period, there were 63 CVD fatalities and 314 CVD events (combining fatal and nonfatal events). The results showed that a one-standard deviation increase in VVV was associated with a significant increase in the risk of CVD mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-1.54); those in the highest tertile had a 3.20 times (95% CI = 1.26-8.17) higher risk of CVD mortality than those in the lowest tertile. We found less pronounced associations regarding CVD events (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02-1.15). In conclusion, VVV was significantly associated with CVD mortality in our Japanese working population.
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Inoue Y, Yamamoto S, Stickley A, Kuwahara K, Miyamoto T, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Imai T, Nishihara A, Kabe I, Mizoue T, Dohi S. Overtime Work and the Incidence of Long-term Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2021; 32:283-289. [PMID: 33518590 PMCID: PMC9086305 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
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