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Hornick MA, Chao GF, Ying LD, Nadzam G, Duffy A, Ghiassi S, Graetz E, Gibbs KE, Morton JM. Weight Nadir and Long-Term Weight Outcomes After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Diverse Cohort of Adolescents and Young Adults. Obes Surg 2024:10.1007/s11695-024-07374-3. [PMID: 38935262 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is currently the most common bariatric procedure performed in adolescents and young adults in the United States (USA), but there are limited data available on long-term postoperative weight outcomes in these patients. This single-institution US study follows longitudinal weight data in a diverse group of patients undergoing LSG at age 25 years or younger. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records of all patients 25 years or younger who underwent LSG at our institution between 2013 and 2020. All weight data documented in the medical record through January 2023 was included. We calculated weight change postoperatively as percent total weight loss (%TWL) relative to preoperative weight. RESULTS One hundred forty-one patients underwent LSG, at a mean age of 23.1 years. Within this cohort, 56.1% identified as non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, and 39.7% had private health insurance. The mean %TWL at weight nadir was 28.5% at a mean of 1.35 years postoperatively. The mean long-term %TWL (in patients with ≥ 4 years of follow-up) was 11.8% at a mean of 5.6 years postoperatively, with 43 of the 84 patients with long-term weight data (51%) within 10% of their preoperative weight at most recent follow-up. CONCLUSION Adolescents and young adults undergoing LSG at our institution had weight nadir comparable to published results during the first 1 to 2 years postoperatively, but the majority developed significant weight recurrence over the ensuing years. Our findings highlight the need for adjuvant weight loss strategies to improve the durability of weight outcomes after LSG in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Hornick
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, FMB 131, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Grace F Chao
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Lee D Ying
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Geoffrey Nadzam
- Division of Bariatric & Minimally Invasive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Andrew Duffy
- Division of Bariatric & Minimally Invasive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Saber Ghiassi
- Division of Bariatric & Minimally Invasive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Elena Graetz
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Karen E Gibbs
- Division of Bariatric & Minimally Invasive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John M Morton
- Division of Bariatric & Minimally Invasive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Swertfeger D, Kim A, Sexmith H, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Davidson WS, Helmrath M, Jenkins T, Okura T, Geh E, Xanthakos SA, Szabo S, Nakamura T, Divanovic S, Shah AS. Presurgery health influences outcomes following vertical sleeve gastrectomy in adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1187-1197. [PMID: 38664233 PMCID: PMC11132933 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight loss following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) in youth can range from 10% to 50%. We examined whether there are differences in demographic or metabolic parameters before VSG in youth who achieve above-average weight loss (AAWL) versus below-average weight loss (BAWL) at 1 year post VSG and if youth with BAWL still achieve metabolic health improvements at 1 year post VSG. METHODS Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical lab data were collected before VSG and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after VSG. RESULTS Forty-three youth with a mean age of 16.9 (SD 1.7) years before VSG were studied; 70% were female, 19% non-Hispanic Black, 58% non-Hispanic White, and 23% mixed/other race. Mean baseline BMI was 51.1 (SD 10.5) kg/m2. Average weight loss was 25.8%. The AAWL group lost 18.6 kg/m2 (35.3%) versus the BAWL group, who lost 8.8 kg/m2 (17.5%). BMI, age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status at baseline were similar between AAWL and BAWL groups; however, the BAWL group had a higher frequency of pre-VSG dysglycemia, steatotic liver disease, and dyslipidemia. At 1 year post VSG, fewer youth in the BAWL group achieved ideal health parameters, and they had less resolution of comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The presence of comorbidities before VSG is associated with less weight loss and reduced resolution of metabolic conditions at 1 year post VSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debi Swertfeger
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ahlee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hannah Sexmith
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Maria E. Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Michael Helmrath
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Okura
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Esmond Geh
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Stavra A. Xanthakos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sara Szabo
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Takahisa Nakamura
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Amy Sanghavi Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, Armstrong SC, Barlow SE, Bolling CF, Avila Edwards KC, Eneli I, Hamre R, Joseph MM, Lunsford D, Mendonca E, Michalsky MP, Mirza N, Ochoa ER, Sharifi M, Staiano AE, Weedn AE, Flinn SK, Lindros J, Okechukwu K. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2022060640. [PMID: 36622115 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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4
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DeMello AS, Acorda DE, Thompson D, Allen DL, Aman R, Brandt ML, Sisley S. Growing Up After Adolescent Bariatric Surgery. Clin Nurs Res 2023; 32:115-125. [PMID: 36169264 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221120338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of adolescent bariatric surgery among young adults approximately 10 years post-surgery. Participants were recruited from a hospital-based bariatric registry. We used an exploratory, qualitatively-driven mixed methods design. Findings were integrated with medical chart data and the SF-36, Body QoL, and the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire. Of the 22 participants who completed surveys (14 females and 8 males), 20 participants also completed a phone interview. Median participant age was 25 years (range = 19-30). Median weight-loss was 23% (6.0%‒58%). Four themes emerged: taking control, weight loss challenges, body image adjustment, and growing up. Participants reported physical benefits of surgery yet were challenged by eating habits, body image, and interpersonal relationships. Participants were indifferent to preventative healthcare, despite the potential for vitamin deficiencies and the return of weight-related comorbidities. Clinicians can facilitate the transition to young adulthood by providing continued mental support, education, and medical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rahema Aman
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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de la Cruz-Muñoz N, Xie L, Quiroz HJ, Kutlu OC, Atem F, Lipshultz SE, Mathew MS, Messiah SE. Long-Term Outcomes after Adolescent Bariatric Surgery. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 235:592-602. [PMID: 36102560 PMCID: PMC9484037 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a safe and effective treatment option for adolescents with severe obesity, but no long-term studies are available with more than10 years of follow-up data to document sustained improved outcomes. METHODS A total of 96 patients who completed MBS at 21 years of age or younger in a tertiary academic center 2002 to 2010 were contacted for a telehealth visit. Body weight, comorbidity status, social/physical function status, and long-term complications were evaluated 10 to 18 years after surgery. RESULTS Mean participant (83% female, 75% Hispanic) age at MBS was 18.8 (±1.6) years (median age 19 years, range 15-21 years), and median pre-MBS BMI was 44.7 kg/m 2 (SD 6.5). At follow-up (mean 14.2 [±2.2] years) post-MBS (90.6% Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB] or 8.3% laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding [LAGB]) mean total body weight decreased by 31.3% (interquartile range [IQR] 20.0% to 38.9%); 32.0% (IQR, 21.3% to 40.1%) among RYGB participants and 22.5% (IQR, 0.64% to 28.3%) among LAGB participants. Patients with pre-MBS hyperlipidemia (14.6%), asthma (10.4%), and diabetes/hyperglycemia (5.2%) reported 100% remission at follow-up (p < 0.05 for all). Pre-post decrease in hypertension (13.5% vs 1%, p = 0.001), sleep apnea (16.7% vs 1.0%, p < 0.001), gastroesophageal reflux disease (13.5% vs 3.1%, p = 0.016), anxiety (7.3% vs 2.1%, p = 0.169), and depression (27.1% vs 4.2%, p < 0.001) were also found. CONCLUSIONS Significant sustained reductions in weight and comorbidities, and low rates of long-term complications, a decade or more after completing MBS as an adolescent were found. These findings have important implications for adolescents who may be considering MBS for weight reduction and overall health improvements that extend into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor de la Cruz-Muñoz
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Luyu Xie
- University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health and Children’s Health System of Texas, Dallas, TX
| | - Hallie J Quiroz
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Onur C Kutlu
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Folefac Atem
- University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health and Children’s Health System of Texas, Dallas, TX
| | - Steven E Lipshultz
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
- Oishei Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, NY
| | - M Sunil Mathew
- University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health and Children’s Health System of Texas, Dallas, TX
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health and Children’s Health System of Texas, Dallas, TX
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Bohm MS, Sipe LM, Pye ME, Davis MJ, Pierre JF, Makowski L. The role of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss in breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:673-695. [PMID: 35870055 PMCID: PMC9470652 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic condition considered a worldwide public health crisis, and a deeper mechanistic understanding of obesity-associated diseases is urgently needed. Obesity comorbidities include many associated cancers and are estimated to account for 20% of female cancer deaths in the USA. Breast cancer, in particular, is associated with obesity and is the focus of this review. The exact causal links between obesity and breast cancer remain unclear. Still, interactions have emerged between body mass index, tumor molecular subtype, genetic background, and environmental factors that strongly suggest obesity influences the risk and progression of certain breast cancers. Supportive preclinical research uses various diet-induced obesity models to demonstrate that weight loss, via dietary interventions or changes in energy expenditure, reduces the onset or progression of breast cancers. Ongoing and future studies are now aimed at elucidating the underpinning mechanisms behind weight-loss-driven observations to improve therapy and outcomes in patients with breast cancer and reduce risk. This review aims to summarize the rapidly emerging literature on obesity and weight loss strategies with a focused discussion of bariatric surgery in both clinical and preclinical studies detailing the complex interactions between metabolism, immune response, and immunotherapy in the setting of obesity and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Laura M. Sipe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Madeline E. Pye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Matthew J. Davis
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,College of Medicine, UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Cancer Research Building Room 322, 19 S Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
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7
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Alqahtani AR, Elahmedi M, Abdurabu HY, Alqahtani S. Ten-Year Outcomes of Children and Adolescents Who Underwent Sleeve Gastrectomy: Weight Loss, Comorbidity Resolution, Adverse Events, and Growth Velocity. J Am Coll Surg 2021; 233:657-664. [PMID: 34563670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.08.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there are insufficient data on long-term outcomes of weight loss surgery in children and adolescents with obesity beyond 5 years of follow-up. This study aimed to analyze durability of weight loss and comorbidity resolution, growth velocity, and adverse events associated with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in children and adolescents with severe obesity. STUDY DESIGN In this prospective cohort study, 2,504 children and adolescents with class II/III obesity who were enrolled in a multidisciplinary, family-based pediatric obesity management program underwent LSG between 2008 and 2021. Weight loss, growth, comorbidity resolution, and adverse event data during the first 10 years after LSG were analyzed. RESULTS The cohort age was 5 to 21 years at the time of operation, and 55% were female. Mean ± SD percentage of excess weight lost during short- (1 to 3 years; n = 2,051), medium- (4 to 6 years; n = 1,268), and long-term (7 to 10 years; n = 632) follow-up was 82.3% ± 20.5%, 76.3% ± 29.1%, and 71.1% ± 26.9%, respectively. Complete comorbidity remission at long-term follow-up was observed in 74%, 59%, and 64% of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension cases, respectively. Mean ± SD height z-score change at short-, medium-, and long-term follow-up was 0.1 ± 0.5, 0.1 ± 1.2, and 0.0 ± 0.8, respectively, representing no significant change in growth velocity. There were 27 adverse events (1%) with no procedure-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Long-term follow-up after LSG in children and adolescents demonstrates durable weight loss, maintained comorbidity resolution, and unaltered growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayed R Alqahtani
- Department of Surgery, New You Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Elahmedi
- Department of Surgery, New You Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Y Abdurabu
- Department of Surgery, New You Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alqahtani
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Grøndahl MFG, Johannesen J, Kristensen K, Knop FK. Treatment of type 2 diabetes in children: what are the specific considerations? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:2127-2141. [PMID: 34420454 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1954160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The number of individuals under 18 years of age with type 2 diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. These patients are often characterized by obesity and they often experience a more rapid disease progression than adults with type 2 diabetes. Thus, focus on prevention and management of complications and comorbidities is imperative. With emphasis on weight loss and optimal glycemic control, treatment includes lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy, which in this patient group is limited to metformin, liraglutide and insulin. In selected cases, bariatric surgery is indicated.Areas covered: This perspective article provides an overview of the literature covering pathophysiology, diagnosis, characteristics and treatment of pediatric type 2 diabetes, and outlines the gaps in our knowledge where further research is needed. The paper draws on both mechanistic studies, large scale intervention trials, epidemiological studies and international consensus statements.Expert opinion: Type 2 diabetes in pediatric patients is an increasing health care problem, and the current treatment strategies do not successfully meet the many challenges and obstacles in this patient group. Treatments must be early, intensive, multifaceted and durable. Also, prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes in at-risk children should be addressed and prioritized on all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus F G Grøndahl
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Kurt Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus - Children and Adolescence, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Goldschmidt AB, Khoury JC, Mitchell JE, Jenkins TM, Bond DS, Zeller MH, Michalsky MP, Inge TH. Loss of Control Eating and Health Indicators Over 6 Years in Adolescents Undergoing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:740-747. [PMID: 33759383 PMCID: PMC8474017 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess associations between loss of control (LOC) eating and health outcomes among adolescents undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery. METHODS A total of 234 adolescents were studied before and up to 6 years after surgery in a prospective, observational cohort design. Adolescents provided self-reports of LOC eating, pain severity, sleep quality, polycystic ovary syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and medication usage and objective measures of fasting glucose, serum insulin, glycohemoglobin A1c , cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure. χ2 tests, Wilcoxon rank sums, and generalized linear mixed models were used to assess concurrent and prospective associations between LOC eating and health indicators. RESULTS LOC eating presented in 32.5% of adolescents before surgery and was positively associated with sleep disturbances and psychiatric medication usage. After surgery, LOC eating presented in 7.9% to 14.6% of participants and was correlated with improved low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and greater back pain. LOC eating was inversely associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at the next consecutive time point. CONCLUSIONS LOC eating was unexpectedly associated with improved low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adolescents undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery. Deleterious effects of LOC eating on obesity-related health conditions, aside from back pain, were not detected. Metabolic and other weight-independent health benefits of surgery may persist postoperatively despite LOC eating and associated weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jane C. Khoury
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James E. Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Todd M. Jenkins
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dale S. Bond
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Meg H. Zeller
- Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marc P. Michalsky
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas H. Inge
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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